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Vopr Pitan 2018 13;87(6):42-47. Epub 2018 Nov 13.

Voronezh State Medical University named after N.N. Burdenko.

Modern scientific data indicate the widespread use in European countries of questioning in assessing the nutritional status of patients. The use of questionnaires in medical practice allows the doctor to reduce the time to collect anamnesis, to place emphasis on building a further algorithm of diagnosis and treatment. The article is devoted to the study of the nutritional status of elderly people in the city of Voronezh and the Region; determining the risk of malnutrition syndrome. Read More

Nutr Clin Pract 2019 Feb 11. Epub 2019 Feb 11.

Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA.

Mechanically ventilated patients are unable to take food orally and therefore are dependent on enteral nutrition for provision of both energy and protein requirements. Enteral nutrition is supportive therapy and may impact patient outcomes in the intensive care unit. Early enteral nutrition has been shown to decrease complications and hospital length of stay and improve the prognosis at discharge. Read More

Ann Afr Med 2019 Jan-Mar;18(1):17-22

Department of Community Health, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria.

Background: Noma (cancrum oris) remains the scourge of children and the "face of poverty" in Sub-Saharan Africa. Recent data on the burden of noma and its risk factors are needed for evaluating and redesigning interventions for its prevention and control.

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the pattern of noma and its risk factors in Northwestern Nigeria. Read More

Methods Mol Biol 2019 ;1866:285-310

Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.

The objective of the proposed clinical interventional trial is to demonstrate the efficacy of a novel therapeutic strategy in subjects with cancer and hyperhomocysteinemia. Following discovery of abnormal homocysteine thiolactone metabolism in cultured malignant cells, thioretinamide, the amide synthesized from retinoic acid and homocysteine thiolactone, and thioretinaco, the complex formed from cobalamin and thioretinamide, were demonstrated to have antineoplastic, anticarcinogenic, and anti-atherogenic properties in animal models. Retinol, ascorbate, and homocysteine thiolactone are necessary for biosynthesis of thioretinamide and thioretinaco by cystathionine synthase and for formation of thioretinaco ozonide from thioretinamide, cobalamin, and ozone. Read More

Obes Surg 2019 Feb 1. Epub 2019 Feb 1.

Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Introduction: One-anastomosis-mini-gastric bypass (OAGB-MGB) is the second most popular gastric bypass procedure with remarkable weight loss results and comorbidity resolution rates. However, some concerns remain regarding its postoperative complications, including protein-calorie malnutrition (PCM). We hereby report our experience with patients who returned with severe PCM after OAGB-MGB. Read More

Med Hypotheses 2019 Feb 14;123:27-29. Epub 2018 Dec 14.

National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China. Electronic address:

Gastric cancer is a malignant tumor originating from the gastric mucosa epithelium. Intestinal type gastric cancer is frequently taken on elderly men, and there are many high incidence areas around the world. Intestinal type gastric cancer often is accompanied by gastric mucosal atrophy, intestinal metaplasia. Read More

Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019 Feb 28;19(2):135-140. Epub 2019 Jan 28.

Department of Gerontological Nursing/Wound Care Management, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.

Aim: Temporal muscle wasting is subjectively evaluated during nutritional assessment of protein-energy malnutrition. However, a quantitative evaluation method has not been established. The aim was to verify the validity and reliability of temporal muscle thickness measurement in comparison with established indicators of nutritional status, such as body mass index. Read More

Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2019 14;14:215-226. Epub 2019 Jan 14.

School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia,

Background: Malnutrition is common in patients with COPD; however, little is known about its impacts on health-related quality of life (QoL) among patients with COPD. This study aimed to explore the nutritional status and dietary intake among outpatients with COPD in Vietnam and its possible associations with QoL.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in COPD outpatients visiting the COPD management unit at the National Lung Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam between May 2017 and July 2017. Read More

Clin Nutr ESPEN 2019 Feb 15;29:86-91. Epub 2018 Dec 15.

Department of Gastroenterology, Stadtspital Waid, Tièchestrasse 99, CH-8037, Zürich, Switzerland.

Background And Aims: Elderly orthopaedic patients are potentially at a high nutritional risk. The reasons for this are numerous as i.e. Read More

Nephron 2019 Jan 17:1-11. Epub 2019 Jan 17.

Department of Nephrology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Sackler Medical School, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv,

Background: Malnutrition is a frequently observed disorder in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) receiving hemodialysis (HD). While variously defined, malnutrition is a frequently observed condition among patients on HD. Prevalence estimates of malnutrition among Israeli HD patients have not been reported. Read More

Eur J Clin Nutr 2019 Jan 14. Epub 2019 Jan 14.

Clinical Nutrition Service, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico.

Background/objectives: Oropharyngeal dysphagia (OD) is a common problem in elderly population that negatively affects the oral intake and body composition resulting in clinical complications as malnutrition and dehydration. The aim of this study was to design, implement, and evaluate the effect of texture-modified foods and thickened drinks diet, with nectar or pudding viscosity and controlled bolus volume in older adults with OD on body composition and oral intake.

Subjects/methods: Randomized clinical trial, simple blind. Read More

Malawi Med J 2018 06;30(2):79-85

College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi.

Background: Nutritional status in patients undergoing surgery can influence their immune function, tissue repair and, hence, clinical outcomes. This study aimed to assess the perioperative nutrition and postoperative outcome of patients undergoing laparotomy at a tertiary hospital in Malawi.

Methods: A total of 25 patients were included in this prospective, observational study. Read More

J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2019 Jan 8. Epub 2019 Jan 8.

Biology of Aging Laboratory, Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Immunos Building, Biopolis, Singapore.

Background: Evidence suggests the pivotal contribution of nutrition as a modifiable risk factor for sarcopenia. The present cross-sectional study characterized the nutritional and metabolic profile of sarcopenia through an extensive exploration of a wide array of blood biomarkers related to muscle protein metabolism and transcriptomic signatures in community-dwelling elderly.

Methods: Among 189 older individuals with a mean age of 73. Read More

J Clin Med 2019 Jan 4;8(1). Epub 2019 Jan 4.

The Nathan E. Hellman Memorial Laboratory, Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.

Background: We hypothesized that protein delivery during hospitalization in patients who survived critical care would be associated with outcomes following hospital discharge.

Methods: We studied 801 patients, age ≥ 18 years, who received critical care between 2004 and 2012 and survived hospitalization. All patients underwent a registered dietitian formal assessment within 48 h of ICU admission. Read More

Am J Cardiol 2018 Dec 19. Epub 2018 Dec 19.

Associate Professor of Medicine, WJB Dorn VAMC Heart and Vascular Institute/USC School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina.

Chronically elevated cytokines from un-abating low-grade inflammation in heart failure (HF) results in Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM). However, the impact of PEM on clinical outcomes of admissions for HF exacerbations has not been evaluated in a national data. From the 2012 to 2014 Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) patient's discharge records for primary HF admissions, we identified patients with concomitant PEM, and their demographic and comorbid factors. Read More

Rehabil Nurs 2019 Jan/Feb;44(1):11-19

Spinal Cord Injury Centre of Western Denmark, Department of Neurology, Regional Hospital Viborg, Denmark.

Purpose: To explore if SCI-SCREEN was applicable as nutritional screening model in a neurorehabilitation unit, able to detect spinal cord injury (SCI) persons at nutritional risk.

Design And Methods: SCI-SCREEN underwent reliability test by 3 specialist nurses, using 10 consecutive SCI in-patients. Audit of 41 SCI-patients was conducted comparing SCI SCREEN with the Danish-Nutritional-Screening-Model-for-hospitalized-persons (DNSM). Read More

JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2018 Dec 26. Epub 2018 Dec 26.

Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Background: Widespread variation exists in pediatric critical care nutrition practices, largely because of the scarcity of evidence to guide best practice recommendations.

Objective: The objective of this paper was to develop a list of topics to be prioritized for nutrition research in pediatric critical care in the next 10 years.

Methods: A modified 3-round Delphi process was undertaken by a newly established multidisciplinary group comprising 11 international researchers in the field of pediatric critical care nutrition. Read More

Clin Nutr 2018 Dec 8. Epub 2018 Dec 8.

Department of Critical Care Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; Clinical Evaluation Research Unit, Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, Ontario, Canada. Electronic address:

Background: The NUTrition Risk in the Critically Ill (NUTRIC) scoring system is a tool useful, discriminating critically-ill patients benefiting from optimal nutrition intake (>80% of prescription). Recent recommendations advocate for withholding artificial nutrition among low-NUTRIC patients, however, we hypothesized that some low-NUTRIC patients would show an association between nutrition intake and outcome.

Methods: Patients were selected from the 2013-2014 International Nutrition Surveys when ICU length of stay (LICU) ≥72 h, baseline mNUTRIC score ≤4 and had at least three evaluable nutrition days (N = 2781). Read More

Food Nutr Res 2018 26;62. Epub 2018 Oct 26.

Food and Meal Science, Kristianstad University, Kristianstad, Sweden.

Background: The population of older adults is growing and many are at risk of disease-related malnutrition. This is a serious condition which increases the risk for other diseases and distress, human suffering and puts a high load on health care costs. Meal concepts tailored to suit the needs of older adults are required to decrease the incidence of disease-related malnutrition. Read More

JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2018 Dec 20. Epub 2018 Dec 20.

Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Akron Children's Hospital, Akron, Ohio, USA.

Background: Malnutrition increases the risk of mortality and morbidity in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Barriers to adequate delivery of enteral nutrition (EN) include hemodynamic instability, feeding interruptions and intolerance, and lack of standardized feeding protocols. The most recent guidelines on nutrition support for the critically ill child describe a paucity of evidence around the best method to deliver EN. Read More

J Nutr Health Aging 2019 ;23(1):84-88

Hidetaka Wakabayashi, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yokohama City University Medical Center, 4-57 Urafune-chou, Minami ward, Yokohama City, Japan 232-0024, E-mail: Tel: +81-45-261-5656; Fax: +81-45-253-9955.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence and prognosis of sarcopenic dysphagia in patients who require dysphagia rehabilitation.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Setting: Tertiary-care acute general hospital. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2018 Nov 28;11(1). Epub 2018 Nov 28.

Department of Nutrition, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

A 34-year-old previously well woman presented with a 4-week history of diffuse erythema and crusting of skin affecting all four limbs. Examination revealed erythematous skin plaques associated with ulceration and fissuring affecting sun-exposed areas of all four limbs primarily on the dorsal surfaces, and a body mass index of 17 kg/m She was admitted under the infectious diseases unit, and an autoimmune and infective screen was performed which returned unremarkable. Dietetic consultation led to the diagnosis of severe protein-energy malnutrition, consequent to a severely restricted, primarily vegan, diet. Read More

JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2018 Nov 22. Epub 2018 Nov 22.

Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA.

Background: Reduced nutrient intake is common in patients after hospitalization, contributing to increased risk for readmission and mortality. Oral nutrition supplements can improve nutrition status and clinical outcomes, but intake of food is prioritized by clinicians. This study examines the impact of a high-protein oral nutrition supplement (S-ONS) on nutrient intake post discharge. Read More

EXCLI J 2018 8;17:1101-1136. Epub 2018 Nov 8.

Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada.

Pesticides are known for their high persistence and pervasiveness in the environment, and along with products of their biotransformation, they may remain in and interact with the environment and living organisms in multiple ways, according to their nature and chemical structure, dose and targets. In this review, the classifications of pesticides based on their nature, use, physical state, pathophysiological effects, and sources are discussed. The effects of these xenobiotics on the environment, their biotransformation in terms of bioaccumulation are highlighted with special focus on the molecular mechanisms deciphered to date. Read More

J Pediatr (Rio J) 2018 Dec 15. Epub 2018 Dec 15.

Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente (PPGSCA), Recife, PE, Brazil; Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Departamento Materno-Infantil, Recife, PE, Brazil. Electronic address:

Objective: To review the pathophysiology and evaluation methods of linear growth and bone mineral density in children and adolescents diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease.

Source Of Data: Narrative review carried out in the PubMed and Scopus databases through an active search of the terms: inflammatory bowel disease, growth, failure to thrive, bone health, bone mineral density, and children and adolescents, related to the last ten years, searching in the title, abstract, or keyword fields.

Synthesis Of Findings: Inflammatory bowel diseases of childhood onset may present as part of the clinical picture of delayed linear growth in addition to low bone mineral density. Read More

Front Nutr 2018 29;5:119. Epub 2018 Nov 29.

Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University Hospital, Naples, Italy.

Nutritional disorders such as Anorexia Nervosa (AN) can shape the composition of gut microbiota and its metabolites such as short chain fatty acid (SCFA). This study aims to compare fecal SCFA along with dietary intake of women with restrictive AN (r-AN = 10) and those of sex-matched lean controls (C = 8). The main fecal short chain fatty acids (SCFA) were assessed by gas chromatography equipped with a flame ionization detector. Read More

Cytokine 2019 Jan 7;113:39-49. Epub 2018 Jul 7.

Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada. Electronic address:

The main objective of this investigation was to determine whether, despite acute (wasting) deficits of dietary nitrogen and energy, weanling mice could respond to the dendritic cell hematopoietin, Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (Flt3L), in terms of an index of cell-mediated inflammatory competence. Male and female C57BL/6J weanlings were used, initially 19 days of age, and malnutrition was produced using a nitrogen-deficient diet. In preliminary work ten daily subcutaneous 1. Read More

Gigascience 2018 12 7. Epub 2018 Dec 7.

BGI-Shenzhen, Beishan Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Shenzhen 518083, China.

Background: Continuous growth of the world population is expected to double the worldwide demand for food by 2050. Eighty-eight percent of countries current face a serious burden of malnutrition, especially in Africa and South and South-East Asia. About 95% of the food energy needs of humans are fulfilled by just 30 species, of which wheat, maize and rice provide the majority of calories. Read More

Front Immunol 2018 26;9:2741. Epub 2018 Nov 26.

Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States.

Leptin, a pleiotropic protein has long been recognized to play an important role in the regulation of energy homeostasis, metabolism, neuroendocrine function, and other physiological functions through its effects on the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral tissues. Leptin is secreted by adipose tissue and encoded by the obese () gene. Leptin acts as a central mediator which regulates immunity as well as nutrition. Read More

Malar Res Treat 2018 27;2018:7153173. Epub 2018 Sep 27.

Department of Community Medicine and Global Health, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.

Background: The relationship between protein energy malnutrition (PEM) and malaria is controversial. While most studies demonstrate that PEM is associated with greater malaria morbidity, some indicate that PEM may in fact have a protective effect. PEM is differentiated into three subgroups: kwashiorkor (marked protein deficiency), marasmus (calorie deficiency), and kwashiorkor/marasmus. Read More

Proc Nutr Soc 2018 Dec 3:1-8. Epub 2018 Dec 3.

UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin,Dublin,Republic of Ireland.

Older adults are at risk of protein-energy malnutrition (PEM). PEM detrimentally impacts on health, cognitive and physical functioning and quality of life. Given these negative health outcomes in the context of an ageing global population, the Healthy Diet for a Healthy Life Joint Programming Initiative Malnutrition in the Elderly (MaNuEL) sought to create a knowledge hub on malnutrition in older adults. Read More

Nutrients 2018 Nov 26;10(12). Epub 2018 Nov 26.

Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands.

To prevent protein energy malnutrition (PEM) and accumulation of waste products, dialysis patients require diet adjustments. Dietary intake assessed by self-reported intakes often provides biased information and standard 24-h urinary excretion is inapplicable in dialysis patients. We aimed to assess dietary intake via a complementary, less biased biomarker method, and to compare this to dietary diaries. Read More

Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2018 ;27(6):1230-1238

Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.

Background And Objectives: Malnutrition is commonly diagnosed in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, only few clinical studies have adequately explored the importance of body composition in the nutritional assessment of Chinese patients with IBD.

Methods And Study Design: A total of 78 IBD patients were enrolled, and Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) was used to assess malnutrition. Read More

Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018 11 9;11:CD010578. Epub 2018 Nov 9.

Division of Human Nutrition, Stellenbosch University, Francie van Zijl Drive, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa, 7505.

Background: Supplementary feeding may help food insecure and vulnerable people by optimising the nutritional value and adequacy of the diet, improving quality of life and improving various health parameters of disadvantaged families. In low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), the problems supplementary feeding aims to address are entangled with poverty and deprivation, the programmes are expensive and delivery is complicated.

Objectives: 1. Read More

Am J Clin Nutr 2018 Nov;108(5):1026-1033

Department of Family Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

Background: Age-related loss of muscle mass and function is a major component of frailty. Nutrition supplementation with exercise is an effective strategy to decrease frailty by preventing sarcopenia, but the effect of protein alone is controversial.

Objective: The present study was performed to investigate a dose-dependent effect of protein supplementation on muscle mass and frailty in prefrail or frail malnourished elderly people. Read More

Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2019 01 28;29(1):45-50. Epub 2018 Sep 28.

Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, Division of Pharmacology, Federico II University of Naples, Italy; Federico II University Hospital, Naples, Italy.

Background And Aims: Here we describe a dietary intervention for hyperphosphatemia in dialysis patients based on the partial replacement of meat and fish, which are one of the main sources of alimentary phosphorous, with egg white, a virtually phosphorous-free protein source. This intervention aims to reduce phosphorous intake without causing protein wasting.

Patients And Methods: As many as 23 hyperphosphatemic patients (15 male and 8 female, mean age 53. Read More

Health Soc Care Community 2018 Nov 19. Epub 2018 Nov 19.

Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.

Undernutrition is an extensive problem among patients in community care services. The literature identifies several barriers that hinder health professionals in identifying nutritional problems and providing nutrition interventions. We developed Appetitus, a tablet application (app) focused on nutrition for older adults. Read More

Osteoporos Int 2018 Nov 19. Epub 2018 Nov 19.

Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.

Chronic inflammation and protein energy wasting (PEW) syndrome are common in kidney transplant recipients (KTR). The presence of inflammation and PEW syndrome can directly affect bone resorption and bone formation, leading to bone loss and fractures. We showed PEW is independently associated with new clinically detected bone fractures in prevalent KTR. Read More

Nutrients 2018 Nov 14;10(11). Epub 2018 Nov 14.

Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.

The primary objective of this study was to explore the macro- and micro-nutrient intakes and dietary patterns of patients with Crohn's disease (CD). Secondary objectives were to (a) compare the micronutrient intakes of CD patients with a representative sample of individuals, (b) describe the macro- and micronutrient intakes of male and female CD patients, and (c) describe Mediterranean diet scores (P-MDS) of male and female CD patients in remission that were recruited from an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) clinic in Calgary, AB. Consecutive patients with ileal and/or colonic CD in endoscopic remission were recruited for participation in this cross-sectional study. Read More

Int Wound J 2019 Feb 15;16(1):226-232. Epub 2018 Nov 15.

Institute of Nursing Science, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.

This cross-sectional, multicentre study was conducted in hospitals to investigate nutritional interventions conducted in patients aged 70 years or older with (risk of) pressure injuries. A total of 1412 patients from 33 hospitals with 208 wards participated in the study. A standardised questionnaire was used to collect demographic data and data on care dependency, malnutrition risk, risk for/prevalence of pressure injuries, and nutritional interventions. Read More

Can J Diet Pract Res 2019 Mar 15;80(1):34-38. Epub 2018 Nov 15.

c Department of Medicine and Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON.

Adults with acute leukemia (AL) are at high risk of malnutrition due to their disease and treatment side effects and may be admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), further increasing the risk of malnutrition. Although ICU care includes some form of nutrition, patients typically receive less than prescribed energy and protein. Our objective was to characterize the nutrition care for critically ill patients with AL. Read More

Can J Diet Pract Res 2018 11 15:1-4. Epub 2018 Nov 15.

a Clinical Nutrition, Fraser Health, Surrey, BC.

Purpose: This study reports on dietitian use of the Nutrition Care Process Terminology (NCPT) diagnosis of malnutrition based on Subjective Global Assessment (SGA).

Methods: Nutrition assessment reports for adults in medical, surgical, and cardiac units in 13 Canadian hospitals were retrospectively examined for a 6-week period in 2014. Reports with a SGA and NCPT diagnosis were included regardless of why the patient was seen by the dietitian. Read More

Clin Interv Aging 2018 24;13:2097-2106. Epub 2018 Oct 24.

Department of Surgery, Amphia Hospital, Breda, the Netherlands.

Background: Both low skeletal muscle mass (LSMM) and delirium are frequently seen in elderly patients. This study aimed to investigate the association between preoperative LSMM and postoperative delirium (POD) in elderly patients undergoing colorectal cancer (CRC) surgery and to design a model to predict POD.

Patients And Methods: This is a retrospective observational cohort study. Read More

Br J Nutr 2018 Nov;120(10):1131-1148

1Department of Animal Science,University of California,One Shields Avenue,Davis,CA 95616,USA.

Malnutrition remains a leading contributor to the morbidity and mortality of children under the age of 5 years and can weaken the immune system and increase the severity of concurrent infections. Livestock milk with the protective properties of human milk is a potential therapeutic to modulate intestinal microbiota and improve outcomes. The aim of this study was to develop an infection model of childhood malnutrition in the pig to investigate the clinical, intestinal and microbiota changes associated with malnutrition and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) infection and to test the ability of goat milk and milk from genetically engineered goats expressing the antimicrobial human lysozyme (hLZ) milk to mitigate these effects. Read More

Ageing Res Rev 2019 Jan 2;49:27-48. Epub 2018 Nov 2.

Servicio de Geriatría, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain.

Introduction: We aimed to perform a review of SRs of non-pharmacological interventions in older patients with well-defined malnutrition using relevant outcomes agreed by a broad panel of experts.

Methods: PubMed, Cochrane, EMBASE, and CINHAL databases were searched for SRs. Primary studies from those SRs were included. Read More

Prev Nutr Food Sci 2018 Sep 30;23(3):220-227. Epub 2018 Sep 30.

Department of Food Science and Technology, The Federal University of Technology, Akure 340001, Nigeria.

Biscuits were produced from sorghum with and without the addition of sourdough. The influence of sourdough fermentation on the amino acids composition, phenolic profile, and antioxidant properties of the biscuits were evaluated. Phenolic compounds of the biscuits were identified and quantified using gas chromatography/mass spectrometer. Read More

World J Hepatol 2018 Oct;10(10):685-694

Undergraduate Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S4L8, Canada.

The liver is a major organ and an essential component in maintaining an appropriate nutritional status in healthy individuals through metabolism of protein, carbohydrates, and fat. In individuals with chronic liver disease (CLD), along with a number of other essential functions that the liver serves, its role in nutrition maintenance is severely impaired. Common causes of CLD include hepatitis C, alcoholic liver disease, and non-alcoholic liver disease. Read More

Clin Nutr 2018 Oct 11. Epub 2018 Oct 11.

Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK; Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.

Background And Aims: An important goal of nutrition support in paediatric critical illness is minimising catabolism. While focussing on providing full energy requirements, macronutrient balance is often neglected. Studies suggest that there is interplay between nutrition and inflammation. Read More

Food Sci Nutr 2018 Oct 13;6(7):1811-1816. Epub 2018 Aug 13.

Food and Nutrition Sciences Laboratory International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) Ibadan Nigeria.

Diets in populations of most developing countries are often deficient in protein, carbohydrates, and fat, leading to protein-energy malnutrition (PEM). Diet-based strategies are the most promising approach for a sustainable control of PEM. This study aimed to investigate the effects of soy flour inclusion on the nutritional properties, consumer preference, purchase intent, and willingness to pay for wheat-based fritters. Read More

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018 11 22;115(45):E10758-E10767. Epub 2018 Oct 22.

Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain;

Conditions of metabolic distress, from malnutrition to obesity, impact, via as yet ill-defined mechanisms, the timing of puberty, whose alterations can hamper later cardiometabolic health and even life expectancy. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), the master cellular energy sensor activated in conditions of energy insufficiency, has a major central role in whole-body energy homeostasis. However, whether brain AMPK metabolically modulates puberty onset remains unknown. Read More