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PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021 Jun 24;15(6):e0009456. Epub 2021 Jun 24.

University of Gondar, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Gondar, Ethiopia.

Background: Ethiopia has over 3,200 new cases of leprosy diagnosed every year. Prevention remains a challenge as transmission pathways are poorly understood. Susceptibility and disease manifestations are highly dependent on individual host-immune response. Read More

Nutr Clin Pract 2021 Jun 23. Epub 2021 Jun 23.

Department of Anesthesiology, Marmara University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.

Oropharyngeal dysphagia is one of the complications of endotracheal intubation. As expected, cases of dysphagia following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) reported to date have all been intubated. We here report a case of sarcopenic dysphagia following severe COVID-19 pneumonia in a nonintubated older adult. Read More

Nutr Diet 2021 Jun 22. Epub 2021 Jun 22.

School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Australia.

Background: There is a need for quick and easy methods to monitor nutritional intake in hospital and identify patients with poor intake. Food record charts are often used in clinical practice, with low levels of accuracy and completion. This study aims to describe the development and evaluate the performance of a new tool to estimate energy and protein intake and identify poor nutritional intake amongst adult hospital patients. Read More

Nefrologia 2021 Jun 18. Epub 2021 Jun 18.

Unidad de Investigación Biomédica 02, Hospital de Especialidades, CMNO, IMSS, Guadalajara, Mexico.

Protein-energy wasting (PEW) and poor health-related quality of life (HRQoL) are independently associated with morbi-mortality in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). PEW may reduce HRQoL; however, we hypothesized HRQoL is affected differentially by PEW degrees or by individual criteria of nutritional status. AIM: To evaluate HRQoL according to PEW severity and nutritional status indicators in CAPD. Read More

Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021 2;12:669980. Epub 2021 Jun 2.

Department of Physiology, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is an eating disorder leading to malnutrition and, ultimately, to energy wasting and cachexia. Rodents develop activity-based anorexia (ABA) when simultaneously exposed to a restricted feeding schedule and allowed free access to running wheels. These conditions lead to a life-threatening reduction in body weight, resembling AN in human patients. Read More

Sci Rep 2021 Jun 16;11(1):12642. Epub 2021 Jun 16.

Division of Genetics, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India.

Malnutrition affects growth and development in humans and causes socio-economic losses. Normal maize is deficient in essential amino acids, lysine and tryptophan; and vitamin-A. Crop biofortification is a sustainable and economical approach to alleviate micronutrient malnutrition. Read More

Clin Nutr 2021 May 24. Epub 2021 May 24.

Université de Paris, F-75015, Paris, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Service de Réanimation Médicale, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France; Institut Du Cerveau et de La Moelle épinière - ICM, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, F-75015, Paris, France.

Background & Aims: Malnutrition following intensive care unit (ICU) stay is frequent and could be especially prominent in critically ill Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients as they present prolonged inflammatory state and long length stay. We aimed to determine the prevalence of malnutrition in critically ill COVID-19 patients both at the acute and recovery phases of infection.

Methods: We conducted a prospective observational study including critically ill COVID-19 patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation discharged alive from a medical ICU of a university hospital. Read More

Nutr Res 2021 May 21;91:44-56. Epub 2021 May 21.

Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, USA; Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, USA. Electronic address:

Severe acute malnutrition (SAM), due to poor energy and/or protein intake, is associated with poor growth, depressed immune function, and long-term impacts on metabolic function. As the liver is a major metabolic organ and malnutrition poses metabolic stress, we hypothesize that SAM will be associated with alterations in the hepatic metabolome reflective of oxidative stress, gluconeogenesis, and ketogenesis. Thus, the purpose of this secondary analysis was to understand how SAM alters hepatic metabolism using a piglet model. Read More

J Nutr Metab 2021 22;2021:6672185. Epub 2021 May 22.

Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

Background: Patients on hemodialysis therapy are at high risk of malnutrition which is attributed to multiple factors. Protein-energy malnutrition in these patients confers poor clinical outcomes. This study investigated the nutritional status of patients on maintenance hemodialysis at Muhimbili National Hospital in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Read More

Public Health Nutr 2021 Jun 14:1-31. Epub 2021 Jun 14.

School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.

Objective: The coexistence of underweight (UW) and overweight (OW)/obese (OB) at the population level is known to affect iron-deficiency anemia (IDA), but how the weight status affects erythropoiesis during pregnancy is less clear at a population scale. This study investigated associations between the pre-pregnancy body mass index (pBMI) and erythropoiesis-related nutritional deficiencies.

Design: Anthropometry, blood biochemistry, and 24-h dietary recall data were collected during prenatal care visits. Read More

Rev Mal Respir 2021 Jun 3. Epub 2021 Jun 3.

Service de pneumologie, faculté de médecine de Tunis, université Tunis El Manar, CHU la Rabta, rue Jbel Lakhdar La Rabta, LR18SP02, 1007 Tunis, Tunisie.

Introduction: Undernutrition is a predictor of mortality in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The objectives of our study were to assess nutritional intake in COPD and to study its relationship with disease severity.

Methods: A cross-sectional study that included 66 patients followed for COPD. Read More

Nutrition 2021 Apr 22;89:111279. Epub 2021 Apr 22.

Medical University Department, Division of General Internal and Emergency Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland; Medical Faculty of the University of Basel, Switzerland. Electronic address:

Objectives: Malnutrition is highly prevalent in patients with aging-related vulnerability defined by very old age (≥80 y), physical frailty or cognitive impairment, and increases the risks for morbidity and mortality. The effects of individualized nutritional support for patients with aging-related vulnerability in the acute hospital setting on mortality and other clinical outcomes remains understudied.

Methods: For this secondary analysis of the randomized-controlled Effect of Early Nutritional Support on Frailty, Functional Outcomes, and Recovery of Malnourished Medical Inpatients Trial (EFFORT), we analyzed data of patients at a nutritional risk (Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 score ≥3 points) with aging-related vulnerability, randomized to receive protocol-guided individualized nutritional support to reach specific protein and energy goals (intervention group) or routine hospital food (control group). Read More

Rev Paul Pediatr 2021 26;40:e2020149. Epub 2021 May 26.

Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

Objective: To describe the metabolic and nutritional repercussions of chronic liver disease (CLD), proposing strategies that optimize nutritional therapy in the pre- and post-liver transplantation (LT) period, in order to promote favorable clinical outcomes and adequate growth and development, respectively.

Data Sources: Bibliographic search in the PubMed, Lilacs and SciELO databases of the last 12 years, in English and Portuguese; target population: children from early childhood to adolescence; keywords in Portuguese and their correlates in English: "Liver Transplant," "Biliary Atresia," "Nutrition Therapy," "Nutritional Status," and "Child"; in addition to Boolean logics "and" and "or," and the manual search of articles.

Data Synthesis: Malnutrition in children with CLD is a very common condition and an important risk factor for morbidity and mortality. Read More

Nutrients 2021 May 30;13(6). Epub 2021 May 30.

Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan.

Protein-energy wasting (PEW) is associated with adverse outcomes in hemodialysis patients. This study compares the simplified creatinine index (SCI) and circulating inflammatory markers as nutritional screening tools for hemodialysis patients. Maintenance hemodialysis patients (230 total patients, 34. Read More

J Clin Med 2021 May 25;10(11). Epub 2021 May 25.

Division of Acute Care Surgery and the Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.

The nutritional hallmark of chronic critical illness (CCI) after sepsis is persistent inflammation, immunosuppression, and catabolism syndrome (PICS), which results in global resistance to the anabolic effect of nutritional supplements. This ultimately leaves these patients in a downward phenotypic spiral characterized by cachexia with profound weakness, decreased capacity for rehabilitation, and immunosuppression with the propensity for sepsis recidivism. The persistent catabolism is driven by a pathologic low-grade inflammation with the inability to return to homeostasis and by ongoing increased energy expenditure. Read More

J Clin Med 2021 May 17;10(10). Epub 2021 May 17.

Department of Radiology, Hanyang University School of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Korea.

Background: The prevalence of malnutrition in patients with cirrhosis is considerably high. Body mass index (BMI) is a well-known risk factor for malnutrition, but the other risk factors are unknown. We investigated the prevalence of malnutrition and its risk factors in patients with cirrhosis. Read More

Nutrients 2021 May 21;13(6). Epub 2021 May 21.

Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland.

The paucity of adequate data on dietary and nutrient intakes of school-age children is a barrier to addressing malnutrition and associated risks in Nigeria. This study included 955 children aged 4-13 years from Ibadan, Nigeria, using a stratified random sampling design. Information on family socio-demographic characteristics was reported, and child anthropometrics were measured. Read More

Life (Basel) 2021 May 5;11(5). Epub 2021 May 5.

Department of Systems Medicine, Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, University of Rome Tor Vergata, via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by manifestations and symptoms involving systemic organs and apparatus, associated with elevated cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, bone disease, and other tissue involvement. Arterial hypertension (AH), diabetes mellitus (DM), and dyslipidemia, with glomerular or congenital diseases, are the traditional risk factors recognized as the main causes of progressive kidney dysfunction evolving into uremia. Acute kidney injury (AKI) has recently been considered an additional risk factor for the worsening of CKD or the development of CKD de novo. Read More

Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021 05 1;18(9). Epub 2021 May 1.

The School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia.

Food insecurity is an important contributor to health and a factor in both underweight and malnutrition, and overweight and obesity. Countries where both undernutrition and overweight and obesity coexist are said to be experiencing a double burden of malnutrition. India is one example of a country experiencing this double burden. Read More

Int J Nephrol 2021 15;2021:1826075. Epub 2021 May 15.

Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.

Malnutrition is common among dialysis patients, but there is insufficient literature on the problem from resource-poor settings of the sub-Saharan region. We conducted a cross-sectional investigation of dietary intake and nutritional status of haemodialysis (HD) patients to inform the current status of this population group in the region. HD patients aged ≥18 years, with dialysis vintage of ≥3 months, at one nephrology unit in Tanzania were assessed for their habitual diet and nutrient intake. Read More

Clin Nutr 2021 Apr 20. Epub 2021 Apr 20.

Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Ospedale San Giuseppe, Piancavallo, Verbania, Italy; Department of Surgical Sciences, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.

Background & Aims: After prolonged hospitalization, the assessment of nutritional status and the identification of adequate nutritional support is of paramount importance. In this observational study, we aimed at assessing the presence of a malnutrition condition in SARS-Cov2 patients after the acute phase and the effects of a multidisciplinary rehabilitation program on nutritional and functional status.

Methods: We recruited 48 patients (26 males/22 females) admitted to our Rehabilitation Unit after discharge from acute Covid Hospitals in northern Italy with negative swab for SARS-Cov2. Read More

Surg Obes Relat Dis 2021 Apr 24. Epub 2021 Apr 24.

Obesity and Metabolic Surgery Unit, Department of General Surgery, Ospedale Evangelico Betania, Naples, Italy. Electronic address:

This review evaluates the indications and outcomes of one-anastomosis/mini gastric bypass (OAGB/MGB) reversal to normal anatomy. A systematic literature search and meta-analysis was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus for articles published by October 1, 2020, including the keywords "one anastomosis gastric bypass," "OAGB," "mini gastric bypass," "MGB," "reversal," "reverse," "malnutrition," and "reversal bariatric surgery". After examining 182 papers involving 11,578 patients, 14 studies were included. Read More

Br J Nurs 2021 May;30(10):S16-S23

Nutrition Nurse, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Gateshead Health NHS Foundation Trust, Gateshead.

Malnutrition is common in oncology patients, with age, disease stage and tumour type all influencing malnutrition risk. There are several detrimental effects of malnutrition in oncology patients, including weight loss, which is associated with negative oncological outcomes, and reduced survival. The causes of malnutrition in this group may be multifactorial and include effects from the tumour itself, altered metabolism, increased nutritional requirements, and cancer treatments and their associated side effects, which can impact on an individual's ability and desire to eat. Read More

Heliyon 2021 May 7;7(5):e06974. Epub 2021 May 7.

Institute of Food Science and Technology, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh.

Poor weaning practice and malnutrition among under 5 (yrs) children are still major public health issues in Bangladesh. This study aimed to develop a cheap and nutritious weaning food for the children of Bangladesh. For this purpose, three weaning formulations of Q1, Q2, and Q3 with different ratios of germinated wheat, germinated mung-bean, and soya-bean, and a constant amount of sweet potato, sugar, salt, and milk flavor were processed and evaluated. Read More

Clin Nutr ESPEN 2021 Jun 25;43:353-359. Epub 2021 Apr 25.

Dietetics and Food Services, National Heart Institute, 145, Jalan Tun Razak, 50400 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Electronic address:

Background & Aims: Inadequate nutrition delivery in critically ill children has shown associated with poor clinical outcomes. Therefore, identifying barriers to deliver adequate nutrition is vital. The aim of this study was to identify factors influencing adequate protein and energy delivery among critically ill children with heart disease in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Read More

Clin Nutr ESPEN 2021 Jun 15;43:335-341. Epub 2021 Apr 15.

Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, University of Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), Belgium.

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of protein-energy malnutrition in people admitted for a diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) and to assess the relationship between malnutrition and DFU severity and outcome.

Methods: This prospective, observational cohort study included individuals consecutively admitted for a DFU between July 2016 and September 2019. The Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria determined the prevalence of malnutrition. Read More

Clin Nutr ESPEN 2021 Jun 22;43:250-258. Epub 2021 Apr 22.

Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Electronic address:

Introduction: Malnutrition is known as one of the major health problems among critically ill children; optimum nutrition support is considered as a therapeutic strategy to improve clinical outcomes and minimize the length of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) staying as well as its costs. Implementation of an algorithmic protocol can result in the upgrade of the quality of nutrition support system in PICU.

Method: In this study, we developed a stepwise algorithmic nutrition care protocol for PICU patients in two phases as follows: a critical review of past literature and an expert discussion panel. Read More

Nutr Clin Pract 2021 Jun 22;36(3):586-597. Epub 2021 May 22.

Surgery, General Surgery Residency, Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, The DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Ryder Trauma Center/Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA.

Implementation science (IS) is a young field that seeks to minimize the gap between what we know and what we practice, otherwise known as the "know-do gap." Recently, IS has focused on research that expedites the dissemination of evidence-based knowledge, accelerates the translation of interventions to improve knowledge gaps, shrinks healthcare disparities, enhances care of complex medical conditions, and narrows variation in clinical practice and policy. This article seeks to review theoretical frameworks of IS and demonstrate how IS can be utilized to improve nutrition care. Read More

Hu Li Za Zhi 2021 Jun;68(3):4-6

PhD, RN, Department of Nursing, I-Shou University, Taiwan, ROC.

Nutrition is essential for maintaining good health and preventing diseases, especially in patients suffering from acute or chronic diseases, infectious diseases, or critical illnesses because dietary intake involves both quantitative and qualitative changes and may disturb energy homeostasis (Richardson & Davidson, 2003). The metabolism of patients with critical illnesses is categorized as hypercatabolic, with significant loss of lean body tissue facilitated by the immune-neuroendocrine response of acute critical illness (Mechanick & Brett, 2005). Therefore, facing hunger during a period of physiological stress because of disease or treatment, results in an increased basal metabolic rate, accelerated protein breakdown, and increased energy and nutritional requirements in response to tissue damage, infection, and inflammation. Read More

Nutrition 2021 Apr 7;90:111264. Epub 2021 Apr 7.

National Tumor Assistance (ANT) Foundation, Bologna, Italy.

Objectives: Malnutrition negatively affects the quality of life, survival, and clinical outcome of patients with cancer. Home artificial nutrition (HAN) is an appropriate nutritional therapy to prevent death from cachexia and to improve quality of life, and it can be integrated into a home palliative care program. The choice to start home enteral nutrition (HEN) or home parenteral nutrition (HPN) is based on patient-specific indications and contraindications. Read More