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BMC Infect Dis 2019 Dec 12;19(1):1051. Epub 2019 Dec 12.

National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Qingchun Rd, Hangzhou, China.

Background: Cryptococcal prostatitis is a rare clinical disease and has never been reported in China.

Case Presentation: We report on a male HIV-infected patient with pulmonary and prostate cryptococcosis that was misdiagnosed (as tuberculosis) and delayed diagnosed. Although the patients accepted anti-fungal treatment and anti-retroviral treatment finally, the physician's mistakes reflect the rarity of this condition in China. Read More

S Afr J Surg 2019 Dec;57(4):43

Department of Urology, Helen Joseph Hospital, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.

Summary: Tuberculous (TB) prostatitis is rare; usually occurring in immunocompromised men. It can mimic benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), chronic prostatitis or prostate cancer. This report in an immunocompetent 72-year-old man adds to the clinical spectrum of the five prior reported cases. Read More

Urol Ann 2019 Oct-Dec;11(4):389-392

Department of Urology, IGIMS, Patna, Bihar, India.

Objectives: Tuberculosis (TB) of the prostate is a very rare disease. Most urologists are not familiar with it. Here, we present our experience with five cases of this disease and a review of literature. Read More

S Afr Med J 2019 May 31;109(6):378-381. Epub 2019 May 31.

Department of Critical Care, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.

The systemic fluoroquinolones (FQs) have recently been reported to be associated with significant side-effects in susceptible individuals. This has prompted the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the USA and the European Medicines Agency (EMA) to issue warnings regarding their use. The FQs should not be used for common bacterial infections, such as urinary tract infections, travellers' diarrhoea and upper and lower respiratory tract infections, unless it is not possible to use another oral agent. Read More

Clin Nucl Med 2019 Sep;44(9):757-760

Department of Nuclear Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.

Isolated genital tuberculosis is rare. We present a case of bilateral tuberculous epididymo-orchitis showing high FDG uptake on FDG PET/CT. In addition, the patient had a prostatic FDG-avid lesion, consistent with tuberculous prostatitis. Read More

Urologiia 2018 Oct(4):64-71

Novosibirsk Tuberculosis Research Institute of Minzdrav of Russia, Novosibirsk, Russia.

Introduction: Chronic inflammation of the prostate leads to the formation of excess fibrous connective tissue, which hinders patients recovery and aggravates the symptoms.

Aim: This study aimed to confirm the correlation between inflammation and prostatic fibrosis and the abnormalities of urodynamic and microcirculation in the prostate gland in humans, and the possibility of increasing the effectiveness of treatment of patients with chronic nonbacterial prostatitis using antisclerotic therapy.

Material And Methods: The study was carried out in two stages. Read More

Urol Case Rep 2018 Mar 29;17:39-41. Epub 2017 Dec 29.

Department of Radiology in Trauma Center, Aju University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea.

Intravesical BCG therapy after transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURB) is considered the most effective treatment for prophylaxis against the recurrence of high risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer, and generally well tolerated and infectious complication are rare. We reported a case of granulomatous prostatitis is a patient who had undergone intravesical BCG therapy due to non-invasive superficial urothelial carcinoma of bladder. This patient was diagnosed by prostate biopsy because of PSA elevation without any other voiding symptoms and abnormal abscess pocket in transrectal ultrasonography. Read More

J Cytol 2017 Oct-Dec;34(4):212-216

Department of Pathology, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Saifai, Etawah, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Background: Elderly men are at high risk of various prostatic diseases carrying high morbidity and mortality rates. For screening large populations, there is a need for a simple, reliable, and noninvasive test with high sensitivity and specificity. Exfoliated prostatic cancer cells can be harvested by prostatic massage and subjected to cytologic examination and molecular tests. Read More

Int Braz J Urol 2018 Mar-Apr;44(2):397-399

Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brasil.

Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2017 04 13;59:e20. Epub 2017 Apr 13.

University of Belgrade, School of Medicine, Belgrade, Serbia.

Although tuberculosis (TB) is a curable disease, it continues to be one of the leading infections associated with death in the world. Extra-pulmonary TB (EPTB) occurs in approximately 10% of the total cases, presenting with lymph nodes, pleura, bone and genitourinary tract as the most common locations. Genitourinary tuberculosis, the second most common EPTB, is very difficult to diagnose unless there is a high index of suspicion. Read More

Pan Afr Med J 2016 2;25:130. Epub 2016 Nov 2.

Department of Urology, Hassan II Hospital University Center, Fez, Morocco.

Genitourinary tuberculosis is a common type of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis . The kidneys, ureter, bladder or genital organs are usually involved. Tuberculosis of the prostate has mainly been described in immune-compromised patients. Read More

Urologiia 2016 Nov(5):37-42

Novosibirsk Tuberculosis Research Institute of Minzdrav of Russia.

Introduction: Despite the prevalence of acute cystitis, there are still many unsolved problems of diagnosis and treatment of this disease.

Material And Methods: To determine the nosological structure of dysuria, 126 female patients who sought medical attention for frequent painful urination were examined. To determine the incidence of outpatient visits to an urologist for patients with cystitis, medical records of 6753 patients of municipal outpatient clinic were analyzed. Read More

Urologiia 2016 Aug(4):106-109

FSBI Novosibirsk SRI of Tuberculosis of RMH.

Tuberculosis has been regarded as a counter-regulatory process to cancer. The development of tumors in the kidney that is affected by tuberculosis is considered as extremely rare, almost impossible case. The analysis of the literature on combined/sequential damage of urogenital organs by tuberculosis and cancer, and own clinical observation were performed. Read More

Urologiia 2016 Aug(4):92-96

Novosibirsk Tuberculosis Research Institute of Minzdrav of Russia.

Introduction: Metabolic syndrome (MS) negatively affects the quality of ejaculate, especially in patients with chronic prostatitis.

Material And Methods: To determine the effect of metabolic syndrome on semen parameters in patients with tuberculosis of the prostate (TP), a study of 72 patients with prostatic tuberculosis was conducted. MS was diagnosed when at least three of the five following medical conditions were found: central obesity, elevated levels of plasma triglycerides, high blood pressure, hyperglycemia and decreased levels of high-density lipoproteins. Read More

Urologiia 2016 Apr(2):77-81

Novosibirsk Tuberculosis Research Institute of Minzdrav of Russia.

Introduction: Chronic prostatitis is a prevalent urologic disease, but treatment outcomes are not always satisfactory. As a rule, chronic prostatitis results in chronic pelvic pain syndrome, significantly reducing the patient's quality of life.

Material And Methods: Open pilot prospective non-comparative study was conducted to test the effectiveness of extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) using Aries (Dornier) machine in patients with chronic prostatitis (CP) of IIIb category. Read More

Urologiia 2016 Aug(3):76-78

Novosibirsk Tuberculosis Research Institute of Minzdrav of Russia.

Introduction: Modern TB patient has lost the physical appearance (habitus phtisicus) typical for the previous years. Moreover, patients with different tuberculosis localizations also have different anthropomorphic characteristics.

Material And Methods: To determine anthropomorphic characteristics of patients with tuberculosis of the prostate, several parameters were compared between 95 male patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and 49 patients with prostatic tuberculosis. Read More

Urologiia 2016 Aug(3):14-18

Novosibirsk Tuberculosis Research Institute of Minzdrav of Russia.

Introduction: Genital tuberculosis impairs male reproductive function. Given that tuberculosis of the prostate has been found at autopsy in 77% of men who died of tuberculosis of all locations, the problem is highly relevant.

Aim: To develop and test a method of restoring/preserving fertility in patients with prostatic tuberculosis and to evaluate its effectiveness. Read More

Abdom Radiol (NY) 2017 07;42(7):1956-1962

Department of Urology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Faculty Office Tower 1107, 510 20th Street South, Birmingham, AL, 3529, USA.

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to differentiate granulomatous prostatitis (GP) from high-grade prostate cancer (PCa) based on clinical findings and imaging characteristics on multiparametric MRI (MP-MRI).

Methods: Pathology from patients undergoing MRI/US fusion-guided prostate biopsies between 2014 and 2015 was reviewed. Five patients with biopsy proven GP were identified as well as 15 patients with biopsy-proven Gleason score ≥4 + 3 = 7 PCa. Read More

Int J Clin Oncol 2017 Jun 10;22(3):554-562. Epub 2017 Feb 10.

Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.

Background: Detailed information is not currently available on the incidence, natural course, and management of asymptomatic abnormal prostate findings incidentally detected by radiologic evaluations after BCG therapy for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer patients.

Methods: We identified 38 patients who were evaluated by contrast-enhanced CT scans before TUR-BT and after BCG therapy between 2006 and 2012. We evaluated the clinical courses of patients with abnormal radiologic findings of the prostate gland after BCG therapy. Read More

J Ultrason 2016 Dec 30;16(67):404-410. Epub 2016 Dec 30.

Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Medical University of Lublin, Poland.

Intravesical immunotherapy with attenuated strains of is a widely used therapeutic option in patients with non-muscle-invasive transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. A rare complication of intravesical therapy with the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine is granulomatous prostatitis, which due to increasing levels of prostate-specific antigen and abnormalities found in transrectal examination of the prostate may suggest concomitant prostate cancer. A case of extensive granulomatous prostatitis in a 61-year-old patient which occurred after the first course of a well-tolerated Bacillus Calmette-Guérin therapy is presented. Read More

IDCases 2016 23;5:15-20. Epub 2016 Jun 23.

Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States.

We describe a case of disseminated Mycobacterium tuberculosis (mTB) with prostatic abscess in a newly diagnosed HIV patient in the United States. The patient is a 34 year-old male who presented with respiratory symptoms and was diagnosed with HIV/AIDS complicated by disseminated mTB infection of the lungs, liver, and prostate. His prostate showed abscess formation on imaging that required drainage however he did not present with any genitourinary complaints. Read More

Infect Agent Cancer 2016 2;11:25. Epub 2016 Jun 2.

Dipartimento di scienze per la promozione della salute e materno-infantile, Università di Palermo, via del vespro 129, Palermo, 90127 Italy.

Background: Intravesical instillation of bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) has been established as efficient therapy for superficial bladder carcinoma. Overall, intravesical BCG is well tolerated and results in complications of less than 5 %. However, adverse effects such as granulomatous prostatitis, pneumonitis, hepatitis, sepsis, and hypersensitivity reactions may occur. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2016 Apr 18;2016:10.1136/bcr-2015-212917. Epub 2016 Apr 18.

Department of Medicine 2, Hospital Egas Moniz, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Ocidental, Lisboa, Portugal.

Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the leading infectious causes of death throughout the world. Extrapulmonary forms, namely adrenalitis and prostatitis, are rare presentations of TB and pose a difficult diagnostic challenge, given their non-specific manifestations. The authors present a case of a 42-year-old man with long-standing symptoms of fatigue, anorexia, weight loss, nightly fever and sudoresis. Read More

Urologiia 2015 Sep-Oct(5):104-8

Tuberculosis remains an important medical and socio-demographic problem. Chronic inflammation of the prostate gland--of both non- specific and tuberculous etiology--reduces the quality of the ejaculate; this in the initial low level of fertility in a population can have dramatic effects. Infertility can be the first symptom prompting the patient to visit a doctor; and patient is diagnosed with tuberculosis after survey. Read More

Korean J Radiol 2015 Jul-Aug;16(4):846-52. Epub 2015 Jul 1.

Department of Radiology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300192, China.

Objective: To describe the multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) appearance of prostate tuberculosis.

Materials And Methods: Six patients with prostate tuberculosis were analyzed retrospectively. The mean age of the patients was 60. Read More

Indian J Tuberc 2015 Apr 10;62(2):110-3. Epub 2015 Jun 10.

Assistant Professor, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Velammal Medical College and Research Institute, Anuppanadi, Madurai, India.

Prostate tuberculosis is an infrequent manifestation of genitourinary tuberculosis Complications like prostate abscess, perineal fistula, sinus can occur in immunocompromised individuals. Various predisposing factors like diabetes, bladder outlet obstruction, chronic renal failure can lead to prostate abscess. TRUS (Transrectal USG) is one of the tools useful for the diagnosis of prostatic abscess. Read More

Urology 2014 Sep;84(3):609-12

Department of Urology, Assiut University Hospitals, Assiut University, Asyut, Egypt.

Objective: To report our experience with hemospermia and its relation to hyperuricemia.

Patients And Methods: Between July 2005 and July 2012, 143 patients with hemospermia presented to the outpatient clinic in our hospital. History, examination, workup, treatment outcomes, and long-term follow-up were reported in a prospective database. Read More

Ther Adv Urol 2014 Aug;6(4):129-34

Novosibirsk Research TB Institute, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation.

In its 2012 global report on tuberculosis, the World Health Organization estimated that 3-7% (range 2.1-5.2%) of new cases and 20% (range 13-26%) of previously treated cases had multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (defined as tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates that are resistant to rifampicin and isoniazid). Read More

Minerva Urol Nefrol 2014 Sep;66(3):201-2

Department of Urology, Haydarpaşa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey -

Urologiia 2014 Mar-Apr(2):36-9

Based on a survey of 467 men with genital tuberculosis, following conclusions were made. The presence of morphological signs of nonspecific prostatitis of toxic-allergic genesis in patients with newly diagnosed tuberculosis of the urinary and genital organs proves the possibility of primary infection of the epididymis with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Primarily isolated epididymal tuberculosis was diagnosed in 21 (4,5%) patients. Read More

J Clin Diagn Res 2013 Dec 21;7(12):2992-3. Epub 2013 Nov 21.

Faculty, Department of General Surgery, M.S. Ramaiah Medical College , Bangalore-54, India .

Prostate tuberculosis is a very rare condition and only few isolated cases have been reported in the literature in immunocompetent individuals. We, report a case of a 58-year-old man, who presented to us with features of lower urinary tract symptoms. On evaluation, prostatomegaly was found which was treated conservatively. Read More

Urol Int 2013 21;91(4):410-6. Epub 2013 Aug 21.

Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P.R. China.

Objectives: To investigate the microorganisms in expressed prostatic secretions (EPS) of both chronic prostatitis patients and normal young male adults and to determine which microorganisms are associated with the degree of intraprostatic inflammation.

Methods: Specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology was performed to confirm Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycoplasma and Chlamydia trachomatis as well as human papilloma virus (HPV), herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) and cytomegalovirus (CMV). Universal primer PCR technology was carried out to detect 16S bacteria rDNA, followed by cloning and sequencing of the entire 16S rDNA product. Read More

World J Mens Health 2012 Aug 31;30(2):138-40. Epub 2012 Aug 31.

Department of Urology, Soon Chun Hyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

We present a case of acute prostatitis with abscess. The patient had undergone intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) immunotherapy for bladder cancer. A prostate biopsy demonstrated tuberculous prostatitis with abscess. Read More

Diagn Interv Imaging 2013 Jan 15;94(1):84-90. Epub 2012 Oct 15.

Department of radiology, hôpital Cochin, 27, rue du Faubourg-St-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France.

The authors report the diffusion and contrast-enhanced MRI appearance of five cases of granulomatous prostatitis (GP), non-specific (two cases) and infectious post-Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) therapy (three cases, with a tubercular abscess in two of them). All patients had raising PSA levels and abnormal DRE. History of BCG therapy or acute prostatitis was present in four patients. Read More

Urologiia 2011 Nov-Dec(6):42-5

To compare informative value of three tests (2-, 3- and 4-glass) in diagnosis ofprostatitis we examined 177 patients with chronic prostatitis (CP) who were randomized into 4 groups. Group 1 patients (n = 33) were examined with standard 4-glass test (Mearls and Stamey), patients of subgroup 2a (n = 42) were examined with 2-glass test before finger rectal test (FRT), FRT was made in subgroup 2b (n = 45) before urine collection (2 portions), group 3 (n = 57) was examined by an original technique proposed by the authors. While performing the latter test special focus was given to urination continuity, then the secretion obtained at FRT was studied. Read More

Urology 2010 Oct 29;76(4):776-81. Epub 2010 Mar 29.

Hospital Virgen de la Salud, Toledo, Spain.

Genitourinary tuberculosis was diagnosed in 543 patients in Spanish hospital from 1978 through 2003. Of the 371 male 34 (9.2%) had orchiepididymitis. Read More

Gastrointest Endosc 2010 Feb 30;71(2):425-8. Epub 2009 Oct 30.

Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India.

Int Braz J Urol 2009 May-Jun;35(3):299-308; discussion 308-9

Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany.

Introduction: Studies that compare the impact of different infectious entities of the male reproductive tract (MRT) on the male accessory gland function are controversial.

Materials And Methods: Semen analyses of 71 patients with proven infections of the MRT were compared with the results of 40 healthy non-infected volunteers. Patients were divided into 3 groups according to their diagnosis: chronic prostatitis NIH type II (n = 38), chronic epididymitis (n = 12), and chronic urethritis (n = 21). Read More

Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2008 Nov;26(9):540-5

Corporación Sanitaria Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Barcelona, Spain.

Introduction: Genitourinary tuberculosis (GUT) is the third most frequent extrapulmonary tuberculous infection, following pleural and nodal involvement. Associated clinical symptoms are mild, and the diagnosis and treatment of this condition are often delayed.

Methods: This study determines the clinical and epidemiological characteristics, and outcome of patients diagnosed with GUT in our center over the last 10 years. Read More

Paleopathol Newsl 2008 Mar(141):12-8

Department of Pathology, National Institute of Traumatology, Budapest, Hungary.

This study describes the histological alterations of the internal organs of Prince Joseph Habsburg (1776-1847) and his first wife, Alexandra Pavlovna Romanova (1783-1801). Both corpses were mummified and the internal organs were stored separately in rosemary oil, in metal vessels. Royal Prince Joseph Habsburg died on 13 January 1847. Read More

Harefuah 2008 Jul;147(7):594-6, 663

Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel.

Prostatic abscess is an uncommon condition, often difficult to discern clinically from acute prostatitis. It results from focal accumulation of pus within the prostate gland. Historically, the common infecting organisms were Neisseria gonorrheae, Staphylococcus aureus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Read More

Curr Urol Rep 2008 Jul;9(4):305-13

Division of Urology, Maimonides Medical Center, 48-02 Tenth Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11219, USA.

Tuberculosis of the genitourinary tract presents with atypical manifestations. Only 20% to 30% of patients with genitourinary tuberculosis have a history of pulmonary infection. Tuberculosis often affects the lower genitourinary system rather than the kidney. Read More

Andrologia 2008 Apr;40(2):81-3

Urological Practice A. von Keitz, M. Schwickardi & M. Ludwig, Marburg, Germany.

The worldwide prevalence of tuberculosis (TB) is still high, remaining almost unchanged over the past century. The genitourinary tract belongs to one of the most common sites of extrapulmonary TB. Although rare, epididymal TB may be the only clinically evident location of infection. Read More

Ugeskr Laeger 2008 Jan;170(1):58

Urologisk Klinik, Sydvestjysk Sygehus Esbjerg, DK-6700 Esbjerg.

Prostatitis is a common disease, but rarely caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We present a case where a Danish man was referred to our outpatient clinic with lower urinary tract symptoms. Prostate biopsies revealed granulomatous prostatitis with caseous necroses and acid-fast bacilli. Read More

J Clin Ultrasound 2007 Jan;35(1):58-61

Department of Radiology, Ege University Hospital, Bornova, 35100 Izmer, Turkey.

We report a rare case of infective granulomatous prostatitis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis that may be mistaken for prostatic carcinoma, both on clinical examination and transrectal sonography (TRUS). A large hypoechoic mass was detected in the prostate of a 46-year-old man during TRUS and histopathologic examination after TRUS-guided biopsies reported the diagnosis of tuberculous prostatitis. We herein describe the clinical and TRUS findings of this case. Read More

Curr Urol Rep 2006 Jul;7(4):313-9

Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Department of Urology, St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital, 425 W 59th Street, #3A, New York, NY 10019, USA.

Prostatitis is a common urologic diagnosis. Although treatment algorithms are available for this poorly understood entity, several adaptations must be made in order to accommodate the therapeutic needs of HIV-positive patients. The most important consideration when treating HIV-infected patients for prostatitis is their current immune status, whether they are immunocompromised or not (non-progressive disease or reconstituted with highly active antiretroviral therapy). Read More

Neurourol Urodyn 2006 ;25(5):433-40

Division of Urology, University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine Hospital, Sao Paulo, Brazil.

Aims: Clinical and urodynamic evaluation of the late outcome of 25 patients with chronic tuberculous cystitis who underwent bladder augmentation.

Patients And Methods: Twenty men and five women with median age of 40 years were evaluated. The tubularized ileocecal segment was used in 8 cases, the detubularized sigmoid in 13, and the tubularized sigmoid in 4. Read More

World J Urol 2006 Feb 21;24(1):74-8. Epub 2006 Jan 21.

Novosibirsk Research TB Institute, 107/1 Kubovaya str. ap. 57, 630040 Novosibirsk, Russia.

To study the epidemiology and the clinical picture of male genital tuberculosis in Siberia, Russia. Five hundred and fourteen patients with genitourinary tuberculosis were enrolled in the study: 414 had kidney tuberculosis only, 100 had genital involvement. The clinical picture and structure of genital tuberculosis were investigated: 42 had tuberculosis of scrotal organs and 58 had tuberculosis of the prostate. Read More

Int J Urol 2005 Oct;12(10):920-1

Department of Urology and General Surgery, Whiston Hospital, Merseyside, UK.

We report a case of tubercular prostatic abscess in a patient who had undergone intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guérin immunotherapy for bladder carcinoma in situ. The abscess required surgical drainage and antituberculous treatment. Read More

Int J Urol 2005 May;12(5):474-8

Department of Pathology & Surgery, Govt. Medical College, Chandigarh, India.

Background: Granulomatous prostatitis is an unusual benign inflammatory process of the prostate. Clinically, it mimics prostatic carcinoma, thus requiring pathological examination for diagnosis.

Materials And Methods: Histopathological records of 1353 prostate specimens received in the Department of Pathology, Government Medical College, Chandigarh, India, over a period of 8 years (1995-2002) were reviewed and 20 cases of granulomatous prostatitis were retrieved. Read More