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Head Neck Pathol 2019 Apr 10. Epub 2019 Apr 10.

Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Woodland Hills Medical Center, Woodland Hills, CA, USA.

The use of diverse terminology may lead to inconsistent diagnosis and subsequent mistreatment of lesions within the proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL) spectrum. The objectives of this study were: (a) to measure inter-observer variability between a variety of pathologists diagnosing PVL lesions; and (b) to evaluate the impact of diverse terminologies on understanding, interpretation, and subsequent treatment planning by oral and maxillofacial surgeons (OMFS). Six oral pathologists (OP) and six head and neck pathologists (HNP) reviewed 40 digitally scanned slides of PVL-type lesions. Read More

Head Neck Pathol 2019 Mar 19. Epub 2019 Mar 19.

Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, GC2250 1430 JW Gilbert Dr., Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.

Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL) is a premalignant condition of the oral mucosa with > 70% chance of progression to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), while lacking the common risks and behavior seen in non-PVL oral squamous carcinogenesis. PVL follows a multi-stage slow, relentless and usually multifocal expansion of surface epithelial thickening that over time takes on a verrucous architecture, eventually leading to verrucous carcinoma and/or dysplasia followed by "conventional" SCC, a process that takes years and is notoriously difficult to manage. As mucosal surfaces and carcinomas arising at these sites, are colonized by microorganisms, host receptors for microbial products have received attention as potential contributors to carcinogenesis. Read More

Head Neck Pathol 2019 Mar 18. Epub 2019 Mar 18.

Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.

Leukoplakia and erythroplakia are two entities under the moniker of "oral potentially malignant disorders" that are highly associated with the presence of oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) at first biopsy, while lesions of submucous fibrosis develop OED after being present for years. Importantly, traumatic/frictional keratoses are often mistaken clinically for leukoplakia and it is important for the pathologist to recognize and report them as such. The features of OED have been well-described and other architectural features will be discussed here, in particular verrucous and papillary architecture, bulky epithelial proliferation and epithelial atrophy. Read More

Head Neck Pathol 2019 Jan 22. Epub 2019 Jan 22.

University of Florida, Gainesville, USA.

Verrucous hyperkeratosis (VH), verrucous carcinoma (VC) and the relentless, truly pre-malignant variant proliferative verrucous leukoplakia often exhibit lichenoid histologic features that may create a diagnostic dilemma for pathologists. This study aims to evaluate and categorize the frequency and the histopathologic patterns of lichenoid features seen in these lesions. Following IRB approval, cases of VH and VC from 1994 to 2014 were retrieved from the archives of UF Oral Pathology Biopsy Service. Read More

Head Neck 2019 May 11;41(5):1499-1507. Epub 2018 Dec 11.

Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oral Pathology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.

Background: The aim was to update information on oral proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL), a disease of verrucous-like lesions with high risk of malignancy, and its biomarkers.

Methods: A systematic search of literature on PVL and its biomarkers showed 22 biomarkers that were investigated in 19 papers. A meta-analysis was possible for human papillomavirus (HPV), aneuploidy, Ki-67, and p53. Read More

Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2018 11 3;56(9):780-785. Epub 2018 Sep 3.

Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine Department, University of Liverpool Cancer Research Centre.

Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL) is a potentially premalignant lesion that undergoes malignant transformation in over 40% of cases. Its clinical homogeneity suggests that a single or a small number of molecular pathogenic pathways may exist. Using the Cochrane protocol for systematic reviews, we have looked at the reported evidence of the molecular aetiology and pathogenesis of PVL and compared it with that of conventional oral epithelial dysplasia (OED). Read More

Maxillofac Plast Reconstr Surg 2018 Dec 30;40(1):16. Epub 2018 Jul 30.

1Maxillo-Facial and Dental Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milan, Department of Biomedical, Surgical, and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Via Della Commenda 10, 20122 Milan, Italy.

Background: Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL) is an oral potentially malignant disorder, characterized by multifocal expression, progressive clinical evolution, and a high rate of malignant transformation. Evidence-based information regarding optimal PVL management is lacking, due to the paucity of data. The present report describes a case of PVL associated with HPV-16 infection and epithelial dysplasia treated by diode laser surgery, and the outcome of disease clinical remission over a 2-year follow-up period. Read More

Head Neck 2018 07 13;40(7):1605-1606. Epub 2018 May 13.

Maxillo-Facial and Dental Unit, Fondazione Ca' Granda IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.

J Oral Pathol Med 2018 Jul 29;47(6):557-565. Epub 2018 Apr 29.

Newcastle University Medicine Malaysia, Iskandar Puteri, Malaysia.

Background: Clinically identifiable potentially malignant disorders (PMD) precede oral squamous cell carcinoma development. Oral lichenoid lesions (OLL) and proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL) are specific precursor lesions believed to exhibit both treatment resistance and a high risk of malignant transformation (MT).

Methods: A retrospective review of 590 PMD patients treated in Northern England by CO laser surgery between 1996 and 2014 was carried out. Read More

Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2018 06 1;125(6):591-602. Epub 2018 Mar 1.

Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta Oral Pathology, Decatur, GA, USA. Electronic address:

The term oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) describes a recognizable group of mucosal diseases that have a risk of progressing to squamous cell carcinoma. Oral leukoplakia, the most common OPMD, has a 1% prevalence and reported malignant transformation rates of 2% to 5%. Other OPMDs include erythroplakia, erythroleukoplakia, submucous fibrosis, lesions of reverse smokers, and inherited genetic disorders, such as Fanconi anemia. Read More

J Indian Soc Periodontol 2017 Nov-Dec;21(6):499-502

Department of Periodontology, Swami Devi Dyal Dental College and Hospital, Barwala, Haryana, India.

Correct diagnosis of white lesions of the oral cavity is sometimes difficult, because some oral white lesions behave differently and tend to change their appearance with time. Clinicians often wrongly diagnose such lesions as oral leukoplakias and treat simply. Lesions recur and turn malignant. Read More

Head Neck Pathol 2018 Dec 9;12(4):500-510. Epub 2018 Feb 9.

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences, University of Florida College of Dentistry, 1395 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.

Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL) is defined as an aggressive, relentless and recalcitrant form of leukoplakia that has a high propensity for malignant transformation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the malignant potential of PVL and determine its possible association with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV). Twenty cases with a clinical and biopsy proven diagnosis of PVL were collected from the University of Florida Oral Medicine clinic database. Read More

Oral Dis 2018 Jul 2;24(5):749-760. Epub 2018 May 2.

Division of Oral Medicine and Dentistry, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.

Objective: We aimed to characterize proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL) from a clinical and histopathological standpoint and suggest an updated classification.

Subjects And Methods: Records of patients seen at three oral medicine centers with a clinical diagnosis of PVL were reviewed for clinical and histopathological features and malignant transformation (MT).

Results: There were 42 patients (median age: 69 years [range: 36-88]; 35 females). Read More

J Indian Soc Periodontol 2016 Nov-Dec;20(6):635-637

Department of Periodontics, Mahatma Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Puducherry, India.

Gingival overgrowths found in the oral cavity are mostly due to reactive hyperplasia and rarely depict neoplastic nature. It is a challenge for the clinician to give final diagnoses of gingival overgrowth. Gingiva is a common site for various benign and malignant lesions. Read More

Pathologe 2018 Feb;39(1):3-10

Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Deutschland.

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is by far the most frequent malignant tumor in this anatomic region. Today, HNSCC is divided into two morphologically, molecularly and clinically fundamentally different entities: conventional and virus-associated (HPV/EBV) neoplasms. Premalignant lesions of nonvirus-associated HNSCC include conventional leukoplakia, dysplasia and proliferative verrucous hyperplasia with an increasing risk for malignant transformation. Read More

Br Dent J 2017 Dec 3;223(9):655-661. Epub 2017 Nov 3.

Oral Medicine, Bristol Dental Hospital and School, Lower Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS1 2LY, United Kingdom.

Objectives To provide an overview of the current thinking in terms of the diagnosis and management of oral leukoplakia and proliferative verrucous leukoplakia as relevant to general dental practitioners.Data sources, data selection, data extraction, data synthesis We searched the MEDLINE Ovid, EMBASE databases and the Cochrane Library, (1990 to 16 April 2017), restricting our search to English language with the following key words: leukoplakia, white patch, proliferative verrucous leukoplakia, precancerous lesion, premalignant lesions, potentially malignant oral conditions and potentially malignant oral disorders. The two authors selected key papers and engaged in collaborative data extraction and synthesis of the selected reference material. Read More

J Oral Pathol Med 2017 Nov 18;46(10):902-910. Epub 2017 Sep 18.

Newcastle University Medicine Malaysia, Iskandar Puteri, Malaysia.

Background: Contemporary potentially malignant disorder management is based upon provisional histological diagnosis followed by interventional surgery to excise or ablate 'high-risk' mucosal lesions. Although the majority of patients achieve disease-free status post-treatment, others develop further or persistent disease unresponsive to intervention.

Methods: A detailed, retrospective clinico-pathological review of treatment resistant potentially malignant lesions, from a 590 patient cohort treated by CO laser surgery and followed for a mean of 7. Read More

Clin Epigenetics 2017 15;9:85. Epub 2017 Aug 15.

"M. Malpighi" Section of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Bellaria Hospital, University of Bologna, via Altura n.3, 40137 Bologna, Italy.

Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is usually diagnosed at an advanced stage and is commonly preceded by oral premalignant lesions. The mortality rates have remained unchanged (50% within 5 years after diagnosis), and it is related to tobacco smoking and alcohol intake. Novel molecular markers for early diagnosis are urgently needed. Read More

Head Neck 2017 10 22;39(10):1997-2003. Epub 2017 Jun 22.

Mersey Head and Neck Oncology Research Group (MHNORG), Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.

Background: Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL) is a progressive, multifocal, exophytic form of leukoplakia with high rates of malignant transformation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a cohort of patients with PVL in a single tertiary referral clinic.

Method: Cases meeting accepted diagnostic criteria were reviewed with regard to their pathology, demographic characteristics, management, and outcomes. Read More

Med Clin (Barc) 2018 01 14;150(2):84. Epub 2017 Apr 14.

Servicio de Cirugía Oral y Maxilofacial, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, España.

Head Neck Pathol 2017 Mar 28;11(1):33-40. Epub 2017 Feb 28.

Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta Oral Pathology, 2701 N. Decatur Road, Decatur, GA, 30033, USA.

There have been several additions and deletions in Chapter 4 on Tumours of the oral cavity and mobile tongue in the 2017 fourth edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Tumours of the Head and Neck. This chapter excludes the oropharynx, which now is a stand-alone chapter acknowledging the uniqueness of the oropharynx from the oral cavity. New entries in Chapter 4 include rhabdomyoma, haemangioma, schwannoma, neurofibroma and myofibroblastic sarcoma in the section titled Soft tissue and neural tumours. Read More

Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2017 Sep - Oct;83(5):585-593. Epub 2017 Jan 24.

Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Departamento de Patologia, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil. Electronic address:

Introduction: Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia is a multifocal and progressive lesion of the oral mucosa, with unknown etiology, and commonly resistant to all therapy attempts with frequent recurrences. It is characterized by a high rate of oral squamous cell carcinoma and verrucou carcinoma transformations.

Objective: To analyze the studies about Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia and develop a concise update. Read More

Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2017 03 1;22(2):e142-e143. Epub 2017 Mar 1.

Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba - UNICAMP, Departamento de Diagnóstico Oral - Semiologia, Av. Limeira, 901 CEP 13.414-903, Piracicaba - São Paulo - Brasil,

Mod Pathol 2017 01;30(s1):S54-S67

Professor Emeritus, Emory University School of Medicine: Atlanta Oral Pathology, Decatur, GA, USA.

Oral lichen planus is a chronic inflammatory disease of unknown etiology or pathogenesis with varied disease severity that waxes and wanes over a long period of time. Although a common oral mucosal disease, accurate diagnosis is often challenging due to the overlapping clinical and histopathological features of oral lichen planus and other mucosal diseases. Other immune-mediated mucocutaneous diseases can exhibit lichenoid features including mucous membrane pemphigoid, chronic graft-versus-host disease, and discoid lupus erythematosus. Read More

Ann Dermatol Venereol 2017 Feb 6;144(2):100-108. Epub 2016 Dec 6.

Service de pathologie, hôpital Saint-Louis, 1, avenue Claude-Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France.

Squamous cell carcinomas of the oral cavity and lips consistently have a high incidence (they constitute the fifth most common form of cancer in France) and carry a heavy prognosis, particularly if diagnosed late. According to different studies, between 10 and 80% of such carcinomas occur in a pre-existing or precancerous lesion. The World Health Organisation (WHO) recommends the use of two terms for such lesions: precursor lesions, i. Read More

World J Clin Cases 2016 Nov;4(11):356-363

Isadora Luana Flores, Alan Roger Santos-Silva, Ricardo Della Coletta, Marcio Ajudarte Lopes, Oral Diagnosis Department, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo 13414-903, Brazil.

Aim: To elucidate the profile of the salivary proteome.

Methods: Unstimulated whole mouth saliva was collected from 30 volunteers [15 proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL) patients and 15 controls] and proteins were submitted for mass spectrometry-based proteomics using the discovery approach, followed by analyses of variance and logistic regression tests.

Results: A total of two hundred and eighty-three proteins were confidently identified in saliva. Read More

J Clin Diagn Res 2016 Oct 1;10(10):ZL01. Epub 2016 Oct 1.

Reader, Department of Oral Pathology, Maharaja Ganga Singh Dental College and Research Centre , Shri Ganganagar, Rajasthan, India .

Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2017 Mar 17;46(3):337-342. Epub 2016 Nov 17.

Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, Somerset, UK.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a lethal disease, with rising incidence. There were 6767 new OSCC cases and 2056 deaths in the UK in 2011. Cancers are preceded by oral potentially malignant disorders (PMDs), recognizable mucosal diseases harbouring increased SCC risk, offering clinicians a 'therapeutic window' to intervene. Read More

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016 Jan;17(9):4491

Stomatology Unit, Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Verruco-papillary lesions (VPLs) of the oral cavity described in the literature involve a spectrum of conditions including squamous papilloma, verruca vulgaris, focal epithelial hyperplasia, condyloma, proliferative verrucous leukoplakia and verrucous carcinoma. A majority of the VPLs are slow growing, benign in nature and have a viral aetiology. Virus associated benign mucosal outgrowths are not too difficult to diagnose either clinically or by microscopy. Read More

J Oral Pathol Med 2017 May 15;46(5):353-358. Epub 2016 Oct 15.

Department of Pathology, Rambam Medical Center, Bat Galim, Haifa, Israel.

Background: Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are generally associated with negative prognostic factors. This study compares the clinicopathologic impact of CAFs in oral squamous cell carcinoma in patients with a history of proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (p-scca) and patients with conventional squamous cell carcinoma of the buccal mucosa, gingiva, and palate (c-scca).

Methods: A retrospective clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical analysis of 97 tumor specimens from 78 patients (13 patients with proliferative verrucous leukoplakia-associated squamous cell carcinoma (n = 32) and conventional squamous cell carcinoma from the buccal mucosa, gingiva, and palate (n = 65) was conducted. Read More

Dermatol Ther 2017 Mar 20;30(2). Epub 2016 Sep 20.

Dermatology Unit, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario, Granada, Spain.

J Proteomics 2017 01 29;151:43-52. Epub 2016 Jul 29.

Oral Pathology, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), R. Marques de Paraná, 303/4° andar (Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro), Centro Niterói, Brazil, CEP: 24033-900. Electronic address:

Background: Oral leukoplakia is the most common potentially malignant disorder in the oral cavity and can precede carcinoma. This study aimed to identify possible oral leukoplakia salivary biomarkers.

Methods: Unstimulated saliva was collected from participants and protein concentration was determined. Read More

J Cancer Res Ther 2016 Apr-Jun;12(2):469-73

Department of Pathology, Rural Medical College, Pravara Institute of Medical Sciences, Loni, Maharashtra, India.

Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL) is a rare form of oral leukoplakia, which was first described in 1985 by Hansen et al. Since then, various published case series have presented PVL as a disease with aggressive biological behavior due to its high probability of recurrence and a high rate of malignant transformation, usually higher than 70%. PVL is a long-term progressive condition, which is observed more frequently in elderly women, over 60 years at the time of diagnosis. Read More

Contemp Clin Dent 2016 Apr-Jun;7(2):250-4

Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Sardar Patel Post Graduate Institute of Dental and Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Laser first came into light in 1960 and had been used extensively in various fields of medicine. Laser has been experimented in the various dental field, and its utility is being recognized and established well in the dentistry. Lasers are widely used for a number of procedures such as cavity preparation, scaling, and root planning, surgical procedures like excision of soft tissue growths, etc. Read More

Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2016 May 1;21(3):e328-34. Epub 2016 May 1.

Faculty of Medicine, Catedrático José Serrano, 33006, Oviedo, Spain,

Background: Was to describe 14 cases of a proliferative verrucous leukoplakia as a clinical evolution of oral lichen planus.

Material And Methods: The clinical and histopathological characteristics of 14 cases of OLP that progress towards a plaque-like and verrucous form were indicated, with monitoring over a period of six to 24.3 years. Read More

Indian J Cancer 2015 Oct-Dec;52(4):498-502

Department of Oral Pathology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India.

Context: Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL) is a highly persistent and aggressive oral pre-malignant lesion with an obscure etiopathogenesis and a malignant transformation rate of 85-100%.

Aims: The aim of the present study is to assess the role of Ki-67, p16, CD34, Bcl-2, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in the spectrum of PVL to ascertain their role in its etiopathogenesis.

Settings And Design: A retrospective chart analysis was carried out on a series of seven confirmed cases of PVL, which were followed-up for 2 years. Read More

Ann Dermatol Venereol 2016 Mar 29;143(3):187-96. Epub 2016 Jan 29.

Service d'odontologie, hôpital de la Timone, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, 264, rue Saint-Pierre, 13005 Marseille, France; Centre massilien de la face, 24, avenue du Prado, 13006 Marseille, France. Electronic address:

Background: The aim of this study was to collect epidemiological, aetiopathogenic, clinical, histological and therapeutic data concerning proliferative verrucous leucoplakia (PVL) and to report three new cases.

Patients And Methods: A literature review performed using the Medline database enabled us to collate 39 studies involving 607 cases. Three new cases were added. Read More

Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2016 Feb 14;121(2):198-200. Epub 2015 Nov 14.

Department of Pathology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.

World J Clin Cases 2015 Oct;3(10):861-3

Marcio Ajudarte Lopes, Patricia Feio, Alan Roger Santos-Silva, Pablo Agustin Vargas, Oral Diagnosis Department, Semiology and Oral Pathology, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, Sao Paulo 13083-970, Brazil.

Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia is an intriguing disease, which occurs particularly in women aged greater than 60 years, is not associated with tobacco and alcohol, and has a high risk of recurrence and malignant transformation. Although it is well known that the typical presentation is characterized by multifocal and verrucous white lesions, there is no description that its initial clinical presentation may simulate a lichenoid reaction. Read More

J Clin Diagn Res 2015 Aug 1;9(8):ED06-8. Epub 2015 Aug 1.

Postgraduate Student, Department of Oral Pathology, YMT's Dental College and P.G institute , Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India .

Oral verrucous carcinoma (VC) is a variant of well differentiated oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) characterized by exophytic over growth. Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a potentially malignant disorder associated with chronic betel nut chewing habit. The development of OSCC is seen in one-third of the OSMF patients, but the development of VC is rare in such patients. Read More

Pa Dent J (Harrisb) 2015 Jan-Feb;82(1):26-31

Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia is a distinct precancerous condition with a high rate of recurrence and malignant transformation over time. Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia has no specific histopathologic presentation; therefore, emphases must be on clinical presentation and history to make a diagnosis; giving the need for a high clinical suspicion. This condition is very important for the general dentist to recognize. Read More

J Mich Dent Assoc 2015 Jun;97(6):48-51, 95

Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia is a distinct precancerous condition with a high rate of recurrence and malignant transformation over time. Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia has no specific histopathologic presentation; therefore, emphases must be on clinical presentation and history to make a diagnosis giving the need for a high clinical suspicion. This condition is very important for the general dentist to recognize. Read More

Clin Oral Investig 2016 May 9;20(4):737-43. Epub 2015 Aug 9.

Oral Medicine Department, Valencia University, Valencia, Spain.

Background: Cytokines and chemokines have been analysed in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma and potentially malignant disorders. We selected interleukin-6 (IL-6) because it is a multifunctional interleukin reported to be altered in potentially malignant oral disorders and in malignant lesions. To date, this has not been evaluated or tested in proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL), however. Read More

J N J Dent Assoc 2015 ;86(1):12, 19

Indian J Dent 2015 Apr-Jun;6(2):91-8

Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India.

Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are epitheliotropic viruses with an affinity for keratinocytes and are principally found in the anogenital tract, urethra, skin, larynx, tracheobronchial and oral mucosa. On the basis of high, but variable frequency of HPV in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), malignant potential of HPV infection has been hypothesized but not definitely confirmed. The aim of this review was to highlight the genomic structure and possible mechanism of infection and carcinogenesis by HPV in the oral mucosa and to review the frequency of HPV prevalence in OSCC and oral potentially malignant disorders. Read More

Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2015 Oct 4;153(4):504-11. Epub 2015 Jun 4.

Division of Otolaryngology, University of Alabama-Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.

Objective: Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL) is a rare and recalcitrant form of leukoplakia. The purpose of this review is to further characterize the risk factors, clinical course, and optimal treatment for this highly aggressive, premalignant lesion.

Data Sources: Twenty-six articles on PVL with a total of 329 PVL cases. Read More

Maedica (Buchar) 2014 Mar;9(1):88-93

Faculty of Dentistry, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, Romania.

Abstract: The main purpose of this paper was to assess the current state of science on oral leukoplakia. Although it is considered a potentially malignant disorder the overall malignant progression of oral leukoplakia is of the order of 5% and even more. Nowadays there are no currently accepted markers to distinguish those that may progress to cancer from those that may not. Read More

Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2015 Mar 7;119(3):318-25. Epub 2014 Nov 7.

Rambam Medical Center, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Bat Galim, Haifa, Israel; Technion School of Medicine, Bat Galim, Haifa, Israel.

Objective: Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL), a potentially malignant disorder, often undergoes malignant transformation to oral squamous cell carcinoma. The aim of our study was to document and compare the histologic, immunohistochemical, and clinical features and the survival rates of carcinoma arising in patients with PVL (p-scca) with conventional squamous cell carcinoma (c-scca) in order to determine if p-scca should be categorized as a separate clinical entity.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective review of 11 patients with PVL, 38 with p-scca tumors and 49 with c-scca tumors: buccal mucosa (n = 28) and gingiva or palate (n = 21). Read More

Clin Otolaryngol 2014 Oct;39(5):272-80

Área de Genómica y Salud de la Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunidad Valenciana (FISABIO)-Salud Pública, Valencia, Spain; Institut Cavanilles de Biodiversitat i Biologia Evolutiva, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.

Objective: This study aimed to survey the presence of known oncoviruses in oral biopsies from patients diagnosed with the aetiologically undetermined proliferative verrucous leukoplakia and compare results to those from milder oral leukoplakia (OL) cases, oral squamous cell carcinoma, a common outcome of the lesions of interest, and healthy controls.

Design: Blind, retrospective, case-control study.

Setting: A stomatology unit in an academic Hospital and a Public Health laboratory. Read More

Ann Stomatol (Roma) 2014 Apr 18;5(2):77-80. Epub 2014 Jun 18.

Department of Oral and Maxillo-facial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy ; Master EMDOLA (European Master Degree On Laser Applications), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.

Aims: About 60% of the oral cancer arise on a pre-existent potentially malignant disorder of oral mucosa like the oral proliferative verrucous leukoplakia. The treatment with the photodynamic therapy of these lesions represents, in the last years, an innovative, non-invasive and effective therapeutic possibility to achieve the secondary prevention of oral cancer. In the last decade, case reports have described patients with similar treated through a photochemical reaction induced by laser light. Read More