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Oral Oncol 2022 Jul 30;130:105944. Epub 2022 May 30.

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Tamil Nadu Government Dental College and Hospital, Chennai 600 003, India; Affiliated to theThe Tamil Nadu Dr. MGR Medical University ,No. 69, Anna Salai, Guindy, Chennai 600 032. Electronic address:

J Oral Pathol Med 2022 May 20. Epub 2022 May 20.

Oral Medicine, Oral Surgery and Implantology Unit, MedOralRes Group, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago, Spain.

Background: Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia is considered an uncommon oral potentially malignant disorder with a high malignant transformation rate. The objective of this paper was to define its cancer incidence and related risk factors.

Methods: A retrospective audit of 34 patients diagnosed with proliferative verrucous leukoplakia from a university-based unit, during the period from 1995 to 2019 was performed. Read More

Front Pharmacol 2022 20;13:825266. Epub 2022 Apr 20.

Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Lab, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India.

Among oral diseases, oral cancer is a critical health issue due to its life-threatening potential. Globocan, in its 2020 report, estimated ∼0.37 million new cases of oral cancer, with the majority of them coming from the Asian continent. Read More

Head Neck Pathol 2022 Mar 21;16(1):54-62. Epub 2022 Mar 21.

Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka.

The fifth chapter of the upcoming fifth edition of the 2022 World Health Organization Classification of Tumours of the Head and Neck titled Tumours of the oral cavity and mobile tongue, has had some modifications from the 2017 fourth edition. A new section "Non-neoplastic Lesions", introduces two new entries: necrotizing sialometaplasia and melanoacanthoma. The combined Oral potentially malignant disorders and Oral epithelial dysplasia section in the 2015 WHO has now been separated and submucous fibrosis and HPV-associated dysplasia are also discussed in separate sections. Read More

Int Dent J 2022 Jun 26;72(3):414-419. Epub 2022 Feb 26.

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address:

Objectives: Dentists play a major role in the diagnosis of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) that may lead to malignancy. Their knowledge on OPMDs and the risk factors associated with malignant disease needs to be sufficient. The aim of this study was to assess the level of knowledge, attitudes, and awareness of OPMDs amongst general dentists and dental specialists working in Saudi Arabia. Read More

Oral Dis 2022 Feb 24. Epub 2022 Feb 24.

Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate prognostic outcomes of PVL-derived oral squamous cell carcinomas (P-OSCC) based on recurrence, new primary tumour, metastasis and survival information.

Study Design: Five databases and grey literature were searched electronically with the following main keywords (proliferative verrucous leukoplakia, squamous cell carcinoma and malignant transformation) to answer the following review question: 'Are survival outcomes for P-OSCC worse?' based on the PECOS principle. The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal tool was used to identify possible biases and assess the quality of each of the primary studies. Read More

Mod Pathol 2022 Feb 19. Epub 2022 Feb 19.

Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.

The aim of this multicenter retrospective study is to characterize the histopathologic features of initial/early biopsies of proliferative leukoplakia (PL; also known as proliferative verrucous leukoplakia), and to analyze the correlation between histopathologic features and malignant transformation (MT). Patients with a clinical diagnosis of PL who have at least one biopsy and one follow-up visit were included in this study. Initial/early biopsy specimens were reviewed. Read More

Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2022 01 19. Epub 2022 Jan 19.

Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Institute of Pathology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah-Tikva, Israel. Electronic address:

A retrospective clinicopathological analysis was performed to compare 35 proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL), 40 leukoplakia without dysplasia (LK), 48 oral lichen planus (OLP)/oral lichenoid lesions (OLL), and 11 verrucous carcinoma (VC) (N = 134). The PVL group comprised 24 female and 11 male patients (mean age 66.5 years), with two to six sites involved (mean 3. Read More

Oral Oncol 2021 12 9;123:105621. Epub 2021 Nov 9.

VU medical center Amsterdam, Oegstgeest, Netherlands. Electronic address:

Cancers (Basel) 2021 Sep 28;13(19). Epub 2021 Sep 28.

Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, 18010 Granada, Spain.

Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL) is contemplated by the World Health Organization (WHO) as an oral potentially malignant disorder (OPMD) with a high the highest malignant transformation ratio among all OPMD (approximately 50%). Our aim was to evaluate the current evidence in relation to the prognosis of oral carcinoma developed in patients with proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL-OC). We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Scopus for published studies (upper date limit = June 2021). Read More

Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021 Dec 3;36:102564. Epub 2021 Oct 3.

West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Chengdu, China. Electronic address:

Oral proliferative verrucous leukoplakia is a potentially malignant disorder with high rates of recurrence and malignant transformation. Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia is often refractory to various treatments, including topical drugs, surgical resection, cryotherapy, and laser therapy. Topical 5-aminolevulinic acid-mediated photodynamic therapy is an innovative and effective treatment for potentially malignant oral disorders and has the potential to control the recurrence of precancerous lesions and cancer. Read More

J Oral Pathol Med 2022 Jan 13;51(1):30-38. Epub 2021 Oct 13.

Oral Medicine, Oral Surgery and Implantology Unit (MedOralRes Group), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain.

Background: Proliferative verrucous/multifocal leukoplakia (PVML) is an oral potentially malignant disorder (OPMD) that exhibits high rates of malignant development (MD). This study aimed to analyse the risk of MD of PVML, as well as to investigate the possible risk factors associated with its malignization.

Methods: A bibliographical search of the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus databases was conducted. Read More

Cancers (Basel) 2021 Aug 13;13(16). Epub 2021 Aug 13.

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Via Caserta 6, 00161 Rome, Italy.

Aim: The aim of the present systematic review was to investigate the risk of malignant transformation of proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL).

Materials And Methods: the search was carried out using a combination of terms (leukoplakia OR leucoplakia) AND (multifocal OR proliferative) on the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science (WOS Core Collection), Cochrane Library, selecting only articles published since 1985 and in the English language. Demographic, disease-related, and follow-up data extracted from the studies included in the qualitative synthesis were combined. Read More

Cancers (Basel) 2021 Jul 21;13(15). Epub 2021 Jul 21.

Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK.

Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL) is considered as an oral potentially malignant disorder (OPMD) that presents with a high tendency to recurrence after treatment and has the highest malignant transformation ratio among all OPMD (50%). Evidence-based publications have indicated that the malignant evolution reported is significantly related to the inconsistent diagnostic criteria used in primary-level studies; so, it has been hypothesized that the risk of oral cancer for this disease could even be underestimated. This is important because PVL requires specific management protocols, evidence-based, aimed at the early diagnosis of cancer developing in these lesions. Read More

Oral Dis 2021 Nov 9;27(8):2008-2025. Epub 2021 Oct 9.

Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Chirurgiche e Odontoiatriche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.

Patients with oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs), including oral leukoplakia and erythroplakia, proliferative verrucous leukoplakia, oral submucous fibrosis, and oral lichen planus/lichenoid lesions, can be challenging to manage. A small proportion will undergo cancer development and determining a patient's cancer risk is key to making management decisions. Yet, our understanding of the natural history of OPMDs has not been fully elucidated, and a precision approach based on the integration of numerous predictive markers has not been validated by prospective studies. Read More

Cureus 2021 Jun 16;13(6):e15696. Epub 2021 Jun 16.

Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.

Oral proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL) is a rare, progressive form of leukoplakia with a high rate of malignant transformation. No therapies are known to lower the rate of malignant transformation and prevent a recurrence. An 84-year-old patient with a years-long history of symptomatic PVL of the hard palate refractory to CO2 laser ablation presented to the radiation oncology clinic for consideration of non-surgical management. Read More

Oral Oncol 2021 09 2;120:105404. Epub 2021 Jul 2.

CIBERONC, Valencia, Spain; Medicina Oral Unit, Stomatology Department, Valencia University, Spain; Department of Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain. Electronic address:

Objectives: Oral microbiome plays an important role in oral diseases. Among them, proliferative verrucous leucoplakia (PVL) is an uncommon form of progressive multifocal leukoplakia with a worryingly rate of malignant transformation. Here, we aimed to characterize the oral microbiome of PVL patients and compare it with those of healthy controls. Read More

Clin Pract 2021 Jun 1;11(2):337-346. Epub 2021 Jun 1.

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University, University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.

(1) Objective: To review the criteria proposed by Cerero-Lapiedra et al. and to retrospectively identify the under-diagnosed disease in patients diagnosed with proliferative verrucous leukoplakia. (2) Materials and methods: In this study, we included patients who were diagnosed with leukoplakia (histological label consistent with the clinical diagnosis, = 95), and cases with a final diagnosis within the spectrum of proliferative verrucous leukoplakia ( = 110) as defined by Batsakis et al. Read More

Oral Dis 2021 Nov 19;27(8):1896-1907. Epub 2021 May 19.

Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.

Objectives: To investigate the available evidence on the malignant transformation (MT) of oral proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL).

Material And Methods: We searched six main electronic and three grey literature databases in a two-phase process. Cohort studies investigating MT of PVL were eligible for inclusion. Read More

Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2021 May-Jun;87(3):455

Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.

J Clin Med 2021 Apr 13;10(8). Epub 2021 Apr 13.

Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain.

This study aimed to investigate the role of a panel of salivary cytokines as biomarkers for early detection oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), comparing their levels among healthy individuals, patients with oral leukoplakia (OL), and malignant lesions. Cytokine profiling analysis performed in a minimally invasive sample was correlated with clinicopathological variables in our patient cohorts. Unstimulated saliva was obtained from subjects with OSCC at early ( = 33) and advanced ( = 33) disease, OL with homogeneous ( = 33) and proliferative verrucous ( = 33) clinical presentations, and healthy controls ( = 25). Read More

J Oral Pathol Med 2021 Sep 13;50(8):820-828. Epub 2021 Apr 13.

Department of Stomatologia and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital of Valencia, Spain.

Background: A systematic review and meta-analysis were made of the incidence of recurrences in patients with proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL) subjected to different types of treatment.

Methods: The study was carried out following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement guidelines. A literature search was made in the Medline (PubMed), EMBASE, and Web of Science databases, together with a manual search, covering the period from 1985 to January 2020, with no language restrictions. Read More

Prim Dent J 2021 Mar;10(1):10-12

Consultant in Oral Medicine Honorary Professor, University Dental Hospital of Manchester, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, and School of Dentistry, University of Manchester.

Oral cancer is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In this article we present two cases of potentially innocuous looking lesions, initially thought to be traumatic in origin, but later diagnosed as cancer. The first patient presented with a persistent laceration thought to be caused by an accidental shaving injury, which was subsequently diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma. Read More

Oral Oncol 2021 05 28;116:105191. Epub 2021 Feb 28.

CIBERONC, Valencia, Spain; Medicina Oral Unit, Stomatology Department, Valencia University, Spain; Department of Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain. Electronic address:

Objectives: To explore the pathophysiology of proliferative verrucous leucoplakia (PVL) through a methylated DNA immunoprecipitation and high-throughput sequencing (MeDIP-seq) case-control study.

Materials And Methods: Oral biopsies from ten PVL patients and five healthy individuals were obtained and used to compare their epigenetic patterns. Network biology methods and integrative analyses of MeDIP-seq and RNAseq data were applied to investigate functional relations among differentially methylated genes (DMGs). Read More

Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2021 Feb 27;69(1). Epub 2021 Feb 27.

Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Dr. Qarib St, Keshavarz Blvd, 14194, Tehran, Iran.

Cancer is one of the most serious diseases affecting health and the second leading cause of death worldwide. Despite the development of various therapeutic modalities to deal with cancer, limited improvement in overall survival of patients has been yielded. Since there is no certain cure for cancer, detection of premalignant lesions, and prevention of their progression are vital to the decline of high morbidity and mortality of cancer. Read More

Oral Oncol 2021 05 13;116:105144. Epub 2021 Jan 13.

Department of Oral Diagnosis, Semiology and Pathology Areas, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.

This report aimed to describe an uncommon case of verrucous carcinoma of the oral cavity with a unique presentation of proliferative verrucous leucoplakia. An 82-year-old female presented multiple white plaques in the oral cavity, which have been treated as candidiasis without resolution. The biopsy specimen demonstrated a well-defined squamous cell epithelium with verrucous aspects. Read More

Oral Dis 2021 May 9;27(4):803-812. Epub 2020 Sep 9.

Australian Centre for Oral Oncology Research & Education, Nedlands, WA, Australia.

Oral leukoplakia (OLK) and its more aggressive clinical variant proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL) remain enigmatic disorders clinically and histopathologically. Despite decades of research into both, there has been only incremental advancement in our understanding of their aetiology and pathogenesis and only minimal improvement in effective management strategies. Currently, no specific prognostic genetic or molecular marker has been reported for leukoplakia. Read More

Head Neck Pathol 2021 Jun 7;15(2):572-587. Epub 2021 Jan 7.

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL, USA.

The many diverse terms used to describe the wide spectrum of changes seen in proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL) have resulted in disparate clinical management. The objective of this study was to produce an expert consensus guideline for standardized assessment and reporting by pathologists diagnosing PVL related lesions. 299 biopsies from 84 PVL patients from six institutions were selected from patients who had multifocal oral leukoplakic lesions identified over several years (a minimum follow-up period of 36 months). Read More

South Asian J Cancer 2020 Jun 14;9(2):99-104. Epub 2020 Dec 14.

Department of Oral Pathology, North Bengal Dental College and Hospital, Darjeeling, West Bengal, India.

 Early detection of dysplastic changes within oral potentially malignant disorders is the mainstay to prevent oral cancer. Ki-67 is one of the most useful antigens in this purpose.  The study aims were to recognize and mutually compare the proliferative status of idiopathic oral leukoplakia (OL) patches, which presented through different forms of dysplasia and carcinoma. Read More

J Oral Pathol Med 2021 Feb 30;50(2):129-135. Epub 2020 Dec 30.

Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, WHO Collaborating Centre for Oral Cancer, London, UK.

Background: Multiple white plaques of the oral mucosa are usually associated with potentially malignant disorders such as oral lichen planus, oral lichenoid lesions and proliferative verrucous leukoplakia. Previous studies in the current literature describe a potential clinical overlap in these entities. The aim of this study is to review clinicopathological and evolutive features of these Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders highlighting the dynamic changes of diagnoses. Read More