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Biomedicines 2021 Apr 30;9(5). Epub 2021 Apr 30.

School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.

Pituitary adenomas are tumors that arise in the anterior pituitary gland. They are the third most common cause of central nervous system (CNS) tumors among adults. Most adenomas are benign and exert their effect via excess hormone secretion or mass effect. Read More

J Endocrinol Invest 2021 May 3. Epub 2021 May 3.

Neuromed Institute, IRCCS, Pozzilli, IS, Italy.

Purpose: Salivary gland (SG) tissue and derived neoplasms may occur in the sellar region. As the current literature is mostly limited to case reports, the puzzling case of an inflammatory SG removed by transsphenoidal surgery (TS) and mimicking a prolactinoma prompted us to perform the first systematic review of these unusual conditions.

Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. Read More

BMC Endocr Disord 2021 Apr 26;21(1):81. Epub 2021 Apr 26.

Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036, Graz, Austria.

Background: Hyperprolactinaemia might cause adverse metabolic effects. The aim of our study was to compare parameters of body composition, glucose and lipid metabolism between untreated patients with prolactinoma and controls and to assess changes after initiation of cabergoline.

Methods: Case-control study with a retrospectively analyzed follow-up in patients with prolactinoma after initiation of cabergoline therapy. Read More

Respir Med Case Rep 2021 28;33:101406. Epub 2021 Mar 28.

Department of Respiratory Medicine, Iizuka Hospital, Iizuka, Japan.

The thirty-five-year-old woman had been experiencing dyspnea on exertion since her second child's birth five years before presenting to hospital A, where she was diagnosed with lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) based on video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery lung biopsy and referred to our hospital. She was treated with sirolimus for one year. Although her subjective symptom of dyspnea improved, she found that her amenorrhea had persisted for six years. Read More

Radiol Case Rep 2021 Jun 1;16(6):1320-1324. Epub 2021 Apr 1.

Department of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.

Ectopic pituitary adenomas are a rare clinical entity and are frequently mistaken for other base of skull lesions on imaging. We report the clinical presentation and management of a woman presenting with an ectopic prolactinoma located in the clivus. A 66-year-old female presented with a 6-month history of headaches and light-headedness. Read More

Eur J Endocrinol 2021 Apr 1. Epub 2021 Apr 1.

H Azuma, Department of Pediatrics, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan.

Background: POU1F1 encodes both PIT-1α, which plays pivotal roles in pituitary development and GH, PRL and TSHB expression, and the alternatively spliced isoform PIT-1β, which contains an insertion of 26-amino acids (β-domain) in the transactivation domain of PIT-1α due to the use of an alternative splice acceptor at the end of the first intron. PIT-1β is expressed at much lower levels than PIT-1α and represses endogenous PIT-1α transcriptional activity. Although POU1F1 mutations lead to combined pituitary hormone deficiency (CPHD), no patients with β-domain mutations have been reported. Read More

J Korean Med Sci 2021 Apr 19;36(15):e97. Epub 2021 Apr 19.

Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Background: Although long-term dopamine agonist (DA) therapy is recommended as a first-line treatment for prolactinoma, some patients may prefer surgical treatment because of the potential adverse effects of long-term medication, or the desire to become pregnant. This study aimed to determine whether surgical treatment of prolactinomas could be an alternative to DA therapy.

Methods: In this retrospective study, 96 consecutive patients (74 female, 22 male) underwent primary pituitary surgery without long-term DA treatment for prolactinomas at a single institution from 1990 to 2010. Read More

J Endocrinol Invest 2021 Apr 13. Epub 2021 Apr 13.

Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.

Context: Although consensus guidelines recommend dopamine agonists (DAs) as the first-line approach in prolactinomas, some patients may opt instead for upfront surgery, with the goal of minimizing the need for continuation of DAs over the long term. While this approach can be recommended in selected patients with a microprolactinoma, the indication for upfront surgery in macroprolactinomas remains controversial, with limited long-term data in large cohorts. We aimed at elucidating whether first-line surgery is equally safe and effective for patients with micro- or macroprolactinomas not extending beyond the median carotid line (i. Read More

Mol Med Rep 2021 Jun 13;23(6). Epub 2021 Apr 13.

Department of Pediatrics, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China.

The present study aimed to analyze the effects and underlying mechanisms of microRNA (miR)‑29‑3p on the proliferation and secretory abilities of prolactinoma cells by targeting insulin‑like growth factor (IGF)‑1/β‑catenin. The relationship between miR‑29a‑3p and the survival of prolactinoma cells was analyzed with the Kaplan‑Meier method in reference to The Cancer Genome Atlas. The expression levels of miR‑29a‑3p and IGF‑1 in MMQ and GH3 cells were detected. Read More

J Res Med Sci 2020 26;25:108. Epub 2020 Nov 26.

Isfahan Clinical Toxicology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.

Prolactinoma is a rare tumor of childhood. Clinical presentations of prolactinoma include amenorrhea, delayed puberty, and galactorrhea. For the first time, in this case, elevated prolactin levels were associated with unexpected premature pubarche. Read More

Br J Neurosurg 2021 Mar 30:1-6. Epub 2021 Mar 30.

Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.

Background: Dopamine agonist-induced cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea is an uncommon treatment-related complication arising in 6.1% of prolactinoma patients treated with dopamine agonists. Locally invasive prolactinomas may create CSF fistulae through formation of dural and osseous skull base defects. Read More

J Investig Med High Impact Case Rep 2021 Jan-Dec;9:2324709621999956

University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA.

Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) commonly occurs in overweight or obese adolescents, but can also be associated with endocrine disorders including hypothyroidism, pituitary tumors, and growth hormone deficiency. In this article, we present a case of panhypopituitarism that initially presented with SCFE. A 16-year-old male presented with right SCFE. Read More

Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021 12;12:616339. Epub 2021 Mar 12.

Department of Neurosurgery, Center of Pituitary Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.

Therapeutic agents for refractory prolactinomas that are resistant to dopamine agonists (DAs) are troublesome, and surgery often only removes a large part of the tumor without complete remission. Among the various second-line treatment regimens, the treatment effect of the alkylating agent temozolomide (TMZ) is only effective for approximately half of patients; however, complete remission is rare. Here we report a patient with prolactinoma who was resistant to high-dose cabergoline (CAB) treatment, demonstrating a continuous increase in both the tumor volume and the prolactin (PRL) level. Read More

J Clin Neurosci 2021 Apr 4;86:145-153. Epub 2021 Feb 4.

Koç University, School of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Istanbul, Turkey.

Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) for lactotroph adenomas (LAs) or prolactinomas is limited due to the effectiveness of medical treatments and surgery. Cases who are refractory to medical treatment and/or surgery may be managed with GKRS. We aimed to describe the effectiveness of GKRS for high-risk lactotroph adenomas (HRLAs) and LAs that were medically and surgically refractory. Read More

Urology 2021 Mar 22. Epub 2021 Mar 22.

Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.

Objective: To determine prevalence of hyperprolactinemia and prolactinoma among men presenting for initial fertility evaluation.

Methods: We performed a retrospective review of men presenting for initial fertility evaluation at a tertiary care, academic health system between 1999 and 2018. Men with measured prolactin levels were analyzed to determine prevalence of hyperprolactinemia and prolactinoma. Read More

J Cancer 2021 5;12(7):2083-2091. Epub 2021 Feb 5.

Department of Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.

To identify critical roles played by NEK2 in prolactinomas and to clarify the corresponding underlying mechanisms. We performed RNA-seq on MMQ cell lines treated with the dopamine receptor agonist cabergoline (CAB) to identify genes involved in prolactinoma progression and dopamine receptor-agonist (DA) sensitivity. NEK2 was then selected for further study. Read More

J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2021 Jan-Dec;22(1):14703203211003780

Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.

Normotensive patients with primary aldosteronism (PA) are relatively rare. Herein, we report two patients with normotensive PA and present a literature review to improve an understanding of the disease. Patient 1, a 56-year-old man, presented with recurrent hypokalemia that lasted for more than 2 years. Read More

Cureus 2021 Feb 3;13(2):e13111. Epub 2021 Feb 3.

Neurosurgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA.

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea is a rare complication of macroprolactinomas that, in the vast majority of cases, is subsequent to either medical or surgical intervention. Here, we present the successful management of a rare case of spontaneous, noniatrogenic CSF rhinorrhea in a patient with an untreated macroprolactinoma. A 27-year-old man with no significant medical history presented with six months of persistent CSF rhinorrhea, which was confirmed by testing for beta-2-transferrin. Read More

Endocr Pract 2021 Apr 13;27(4):312-317. Epub 2020 Dec 13.

Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; Division of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota. Electronic address:

Objective: Obesity is increasing worldwide, and certain endocrine disorders may contribute to weight gain. While several studies have examined the association between weight gain and prolactinomas, the results are conflicting. Therefore, this study aimed to determine if body mass index (BMI) is higher among those with prolactinomas than those without. Read More

J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021 Mar 13. Epub 2021 Mar 13.

Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiological Science and Center for Clinical Imaging Data Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Context: Early identification of the response of prolactinoma patients to dopamine agonists (DA) is crucial in treatment planning.

Objective: To develop a radiomics model using an ensemble machine learning classifier with conventional magnetic resonance images (MRIs) to predict the DA response in prolactinoma patients.

Design: Retrospective study. Read More

AIMS Neurosci 2021 7;8(2):254-283. Epub 2021 Feb 7.

Department of Ayurveda, Rajiv Gandhi Education Society's Ayurvedic Medical College, Ron 562209, Karanataka, India.

Pituitary prolactinoma is one of the most complicated and fatally pathogenic pituitary adenomas. Therefore, there is an urgent need to improve our understanding of the underlying molecular mechanism that drives the initiation, progression, and metastasis of pituitary prolactinoma. The aim of the present study was to identify the key genes and signaling pathways associated with pituitary prolactinoma using bioinformatics analysis. Read More

Neuroendocrinology 2021 Mar 11. Epub 2021 Mar 11.

Introduction: Prolactinomas, also called lactotroph adenomas, are the most encountered type of hormone-secreting pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNET) in the clinic. The preferred first-line therapy is a medical treatment with dopamine agonists (DA), mainly cabergoline, to reduce serum prolactin levels, tumor volume, and mass effect. However, in some cases, patients have displayed DA-resistance with aggressive tumor behavior or are faced with recurrence after drug withdrawal. Read More

J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021 Mar 6. Epub 2021 Mar 6.

Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Albinusdreef, ZA Leiden, the Netherlands.

Purpose: Transsphenoidal surgery is standard care in the treatment of hormone-secreting pituitary adenomas. Current clinician-reported surgical outcome measures are one-dimensional, typically focussing primarily on complete or partial resection and secondarily on complication rates. However, outcomes are best reflected by the delicate balance of efficacy and complications at patient level. Read More

Sci Rep 2021 Mar 4;11(1):5122. Epub 2021 Mar 4.

Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031, Basel, Switzerland.

While prolactinoma patients have high bone turnover, current data are inconclusive when it comes to determining whether correction of hyperprolactinemia and associated hypogandism improves osteodensitometric data in men and women over the long term. In a large cohort of including 40 men and 60 women, we studied the long-term impact of prolactinoma treatment on bone mineral density (BMD) in men versus women, assessed adverse effects of a primary surgical or medical approach, and evaluated data for risk factors for impaired BMD at last follow-up using multivariate regression analyses. Median duration of follow-up was 79 months (range 13-408 months). Read More

In Vivo 2021 Mar-Apr;35(2):815-826

Neuroscience Institute, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania.

Background: Pituitary adenoma (PA) is a benign tumor of parenchymal cells in the adenohypophysis, and it's development is strongly associated with genetic factors.This study aim was to find whether TBX15 rs98422, DNM3 rs1011731, RAD51B rs8017304, and rs2588809 single nucleotide polymorphisms can be associated with pituitary adenoma. While the TBX15 gene belongs to the T-box family of genes and is a transcription factor involved in many developmental processes, the DNM3 encodes a protein that is a member of the dynamin family with mechanochemical properties involved in actin-membrane processes, predominantly in membrane budding, and the RAD51B gene plays a significant role in homologous recombination in DNA repair for genome stability. Read More

World Neurosurg 2021 May 17;149:e329-e335. Epub 2021 Feb 17.

Department of Neurosurgery, Teaching Hospital of Yopougon, University Felix Houphouet Boigny, Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire.

Background: Although endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) has been popularized worldwide for pituitary adenoma surgery, in sub-Saharan Africa, neurosurgeons are still only starting their experience with it. This study was designed to assess the early results of EEA for pituitary adenoma from an under-equipped environment, namely, the Department of Neurosurgery of the Teaching Hospital of Yopougon Abidjan and Bouaké in Ivory Coast.

Methods: The data of 56 cases of EEA for pituitary adenoma surgery performed between 2016 and March 2019 at the Teaching Hospital of Yopougon-Abidjan and Bouaké were retrospectively assessed. Read More

Hormones (Athens) 2021 Feb 19. Epub 2021 Feb 19.

Endocrinology, Diabetology and Andrology Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano, MI, Italy.

Derangement of pituitary hormone axes can induce changes in bone remodeling and metabolism with possible alterations in bone microarchitectural structure and increased susceptibility to fractures. Vertebral fractures (VFs), which are a hallmark of skeletal fragility, have been described in a very large number of patients with pituitary diseases. These fractures are clinically relevant, since they predispose to further fractures and may negatively impact on patients' quality of life. Read More

Endocrine 2021 Feb 10. Epub 2021 Feb 10.

Institute of Endocrinology, Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva, Israel.

Purpose: Men with mild to moderate hyperprolactinemia rarely present with normal pituitary on MRI with no visible adenoma, a condition entitled also "idiopathic hyperprolactinemia" or "non-tumoral hyperprolactinemia". We have characterized a cohort of hyperprolactinemic men with normal pituitary imaging.

Design: We have identified 13 men with true hyperprolactinemia and normal pituitary MRI. Read More

Surg Neurol Int 2021 13;12:20. Epub 2021 Jan 13.

Department of Neurosurgery, Moriyama Memorial Hospital, Edogawa, Tokyo, Japan.

Background: Injury of the internal carotid artery (ICA) during transsphenoidal surgery (TSS) is a rare but critical complication. There are several reports on endovascular treatment of ICA injury during TSS. With the recent flourishing of extended TSS, injuries to the distal arteries such as the anterior cerebral artery (ACA) are more likely to occur. Read More

Int Ophthalmol 2021 Apr 22;41(4):1373-1379. Epub 2021 Jan 22.

Faculty of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Üniversiteler Mh., Bilkent Blv, 06800, Ankara, Turkey.

Purpose: Prolactinoma is a type of pituitary tumour that produces an excessive amount of the hormone prolactin. It is the most common type of hormonally-active pituitary tumour. These tumours can cause ocular complications such as vision loss and visual fields (VF) defect. Read More