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J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020 Jun 1. Epub 2020 Jun 1.

Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.

J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020 Jun 1. Epub 2020 Jun 1.

Department of Neurosurgery, Center of Pituitary Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.

BMC Endocr Disord 2020 May 19;20(1):68. Epub 2020 May 19.

Department of Neurosurgery, VUB University Hospital of Brussels, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Brussels, Belgium.

Background: Surgical resection of prolactinomas resistant to dopamine agonists is frequently incomplete due to fibrotic changes of the tumour under pharmacological therapy. In order to identify a subgroup of patients who may benefit from early surgery, we thought to investigate possible predictive factors of pharmacological resistance of prolactinomas to dopamine agonists.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed a database of a Belgian tertiary reference center for patients with pituitary tumours from 2014 to 2016. Read More

J Endocrinol 2020 02 23;244(2):415-429. Epub 2020 Jan 23.

Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Among all the hormone-secreting pituitary tumours, prolactinomas are the most frequently found in the clinic. Since dopamine is the primary inhibitor of lactotroph function, dopamine agonists represent the first-line therapy. However, a subset of patients exhibits resistance to these drugs, and therefore, alternative treatments are desired. Read More

Ann Clin Lab Sci 2020 Mar;50(2):199-204

Department of Intensive Care Unit, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China

Objective: Drug resistance is the main limitation for dopamine agonist therapy with prolactinoma. Transsphenoidal surgery is an additional operation that circumvents this limitation. To characterize distinctive clinical features of resistant prolactinoma in different levels of Ki-67, a retrospective analysis of 423 patients who were diagnosed and surgically treated at Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University from January 2007 to June 2017 was performed. Read More

J Ethnopharmacol 2020 Apr 12;257:112862. Epub 2020 Apr 12.

Department of Pharmacy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Endocrinology and Metabolism Group, Sydney Institute of Health Sciences/Sydney Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, NSW, 2000 Australia. Electronic address:

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Paeoniflorin, a prominent component in some Chinese formulas for hyperprolactinemia-associated disorders, has been found to inhibit prolactin secretion in prolactinoma cells.

Aim: To examine the efficacy of paeoniflorin on hyperprolactinemia and the underlying mechanisms of action.

Materials And Methods: Hyperprolactinemia in female rats was generated by administration of olanzapine (5 mg/kg, by a gavage method, once daily, × 13 weeks). Read More

Medicina (B Aires) 2020 ;80(2):181-184

Department of Endocrinology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium. E-mail:

Most pituitary adenomas are sporadic, but 3-5% can occur in a family and hereditary context. This is the case of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1), Carney complex (CNC) and familial isolated pituitary adenomas (FIPA). FIPA is an infrequent condition that occurs in a family context, not associated with MEN type1 or CNC. Read More

Pituitary 2020 Jun;23(3):307-313

Pituitary Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

Hyperprolactinemia is associated with suppression of the hypothalamic- pituitary-gonadal axis and consequent hypogonadism, manifesting loss of libido, infertility and osteoporosis long-term in both male and female patients, with associated menstrual irregularities, amenorrhea and galactorrhea in women and erectile dysfunction in men. The primary goals of therapy in patients harboring prolactinoma are control of tumor size and normalization of serum PRL, with restoration of gonadal and sexual function and fertility. Clinical manifestations of hypogonadism have variable consequences depending on the age and sex of the patient and desire for fertility. Read More

Ann Saudi Med 2020 Mar-Apr;40(2):105-112. Epub 2020 Apr 2.

From the Department of Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.

Background: The prevalence of sellar masses (SMs) is reported in Europe and North America but only limited data are available from the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region.

Objectives: Assess the prevalence and characteristics of SMs in Al Ain city, United Arab Emirates.

Design: Retrospective, descriptive multicenter study. Read More

Pituitary 2020 Mar 30. Epub 2020 Mar 30.

Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), Padua University Hospital, 35121, Padua, Italy.

Purpose: Aggressive pituitary adenomas (APAs) and pituitary carcinomas (PCs) are challenging for their invasive nature, resistance to treatment and recurrences. Temozolomide (TMZ) is used with benefit and well-tolerated toxicity profile in APAs and PCs. In most studies patients received ≤ 12 cycles but the best length of treatment is debated since other options after discontinuation are scarce and a second course is mainly unsuccessful. Read More

Prim Care Companion CNS Disord 2020 Mar 12;22(2). Epub 2020 Mar 12.

Department of Clinical Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.

Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020 3;11:92. Epub 2020 Mar 3.

Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.

MicroRNAs (MiRNAs) play critical roles in the regulation of pituitary function. MiR-130a-3p has previously been found to be down-regulated in prolactinoma, but its roles in prolactin (PRL) regulation and the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. Heat stress has been shown to induce alteration of endocrine hormones and miRNAs expressions. Read More

Int J Mol Sci 2020 Mar 16;21(6). Epub 2020 Mar 16.

Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia.

Estrogen signaling plays an important role in pituitary development and function. In sensitive rat or mice strains of both sexes, estrogen treatments promote lactotropic cell proliferation and induce the formation of pituitary adenomas (dominantly prolactin or growth-hormone-secreting ones). In male patients receiving estrogen, treatment does not necessarily result in pituitary hyperplasia, hyperprolactinemia or adenoma development. Read More

Ann Endocrinol (Paris) 2020 Feb 28. Epub 2020 Feb 28.

Department of Endocrinology, Queen Mary University of London, E1 4NS London, United Kingdom; Department of Endocrinology, Saint-Bartholomew's Hospital, EC1A 7BE London, United Kingdom.

The surveillance strategy for patients taking low dose cabergoline for hyperprolactinaemia is controversial. As more evidence has emerged that the risks of cardiac valvulopathy in this population of patients are low, fewer and fewer endocrinologists adhere strictly to the original medicines and healthcare products agency MHRA guidance of "at least" annual echocardiography. Strict adherence to this guidance would be costly in monetary terms (£5. Read More

BMC Endocr Disord 2020 Mar 14;20(1):39. Epub 2020 Mar 14.

Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 1449614535, Tehran, Iran.

Background: Pituitary adenomas as multifactorial intracranial neoplasms impose a massive burden of morbidity on patients and characterizing the molecular mechanism underlying their pathogenesis has received considerable attention. Despite the appealing role of cyclooxygenase enzymes and their bioactive lipid products in cancer pathogenesis, their relevance to pituitary adenoma pathogenesis is debated and yet to be determined. Thus, the current study perused this relevance. Read More

Ethiop J Health Sci 2020 Mar;30(2):311-314

Department of Neurology College of Health Sciences Addis Ababa University.

Background: Disorders of the pituitary gland and the sellar region present a wide spectrum of clinical problems. A variety of lesions in this area tend to present with similar problems; namely, headache, hormonal disorders, and loss of vision. Benign adenomas of the pituitary gland are by far the most common disorders of sellar region. Read More

Histochem Cell Biol 2020 Mar 9. Epub 2020 Mar 9.

Institute for Endocrinology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashi-mita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan.

Approximately 8% of CD9-, S100β- and SOX2-triple positive (CD9/S100β/SOX2-positive) stem/progenitor cells in the anterior lobe of the rat pituitary gland have previously been shown to differentiate into endothelial cells in vitro, suggesting that they play a role in vascularisation as tissue-resident vascular precursor cells. In the present study, we focused on chemokine ligands to further characterise the CD9/S100β/SOX2-positive cells and found that they distinctively express CX3C chemokine ligand 1 (Cx3cl1). Immunohistochemical analysis of the anterior lobe showed that CX3CL1-positive cells comprised 7. Read More

Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2020 Feb 17. Epub 2020 Feb 17.

Marseille Medical Genetics, INSERM, and Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Marseille, Department of Endocrinology, French reference center for rare pituitary diseases, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France.

Defining the role of radiation techniques in treatment of aggressive pituitary tumours and carcinomas is a difficult task: indeed, studies reported in the literature on this topic can probably be counted on the fingers of one hand. To try to better define these roles, it is thus necessary to extrapolate based on anti-secretory and anti-tumor efficacy reported in studies on non-selected pituitary tumours, regardless of their pathological status and intrinsic aggressiveness. Generally, radiation techniques are delivered as part of a multimodal treatment, usually with the primary aim of controlling tumor volume. Read More

J Neurol Sci 2020 Apr 1;411:116720. Epub 2020 Feb 1.

Department of Neurosurgery, The General Hospital of Chinese PLA Central Theater Command, Southern Medical University, Wuhan, China. Electronic address:

Prolactinomas are tumors of the pituitary gland, which overproduces prolactin leading to dramatic fluctuations of endogenous hormone levels throughout the body. While it is not fully understood how endogenous hormone disorders affect a patient's brain, it is well known that fluctuating hormone levels can have negative neuropsychological effects. Using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI), we investigated whole-brain functional connectivity (FC) and its relationship with hormone levels in prolactinomas. Read More

Trends Endocrinol Metab 2020 Apr 7;31(4):276-286. Epub 2020 Feb 7.

Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, 76230 Querétaro, México.

The pituitary hormone prolactin (PRL) regulates a variety of functions beyond reproduction. The association between physiological (pregnancy) and pathological (prolactinoma) hyperprolactinemia and metabolic alterations led to the concept of this hormone being diabetogenic. However, large cohort clinical studies have recently shown that low circulating PRL levels are associated with metabolic disease and represent a risk factor for type 2 diabetes (T2D), whereas high PRL levels are beneficial. Read More

Pituitary 2020 Jun;23(3):232-245

Department of Pharmacology and Neurobiology Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Velenjak, Tehran, Iran.

Purpose: The regulatory effects of estradiol on pituitary homeostasis have been well documented. However, the expression patterns of ERα66 and ERα36 and their correlations with the clinical course of postoperative prolactinoma tumors remain unclear.

Methods: The expression of ERα36, ERα66, Ki67, p53, and CD31 were determined by immunohistochemistry in 62 prolactinoma patients. Read More

J Neurol Surg B Skull Base 2020 Feb 5;81(1):22-29. Epub 2019 Feb 5.

Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, United States.

The presence of calcification is uncommon in pituitary adenomas, and often lends support to other diagnoses including craniopharyngioma. The majority of calcified pituitary adenomas are prolactin-secreting tumors. We report two patients with calcified macroprolactinomas, one that was treated medically with a biochemical response and partial tumor response, and one that was treated successfully via an endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach. Read More

Endocrinol Diabetes Metab Case Rep 2019 Sep 6;2019. Epub 2019 Sep 6.

Department of English Language for Natural FacultiesLomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation.

Summary: A 32-year-old woman presented with primary amenorrhoea, prolactin (PRL) level of 154 150 mIU/L and was diagnosed with a giant pituitary adenoma measuring maximum 6.2 cm. Cabergoline (CAB) treatment at a dose of 0. Read More

AACE Clin Case Rep 2019 Sep-Oct;5(5):e282-e286. Epub 2019 Jun 7.

Objective: To describe the unusual finding of pituitary adenoma in a patient with septo-optic dysplasia (SOD).

Methods: We describe the clinical presentation, biochemical and radiological evaluation, treatment, and outcomes of a patient with macroprolactinoma and previously undiagnosed SOD.

Results: A 41-year-old woman with optic nerve hypoplasia and growth hormone deficiency presented with new-onset galactorrhea, polyuria, and polydipsia. Read More

AACE Clin Case Rep 2019 Jan-Feb;5(1):e66-e69. Epub 2019 Jan 30.

Objective: Since the advent of dopamine agonists, prolactinomas have been primarily treated medically. However, studies show conflicting data on whether these agents are as effective as surgery for predominantly cystic prolactinomas. We present a case of a patient with a cystic prolactinoma for which surgery was selected as first-line therapy. Read More

Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2020 May 4;92(5):421-427. Epub 2020 Feb 4.

Service d'Endocrinologie - Diabète - Nutrition, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims, Reims, France.

Objective: Pregnancy in patients with macroprolactinomas has been associated with a higher risk of pituitary tumour growth. However, the incidence and risk factors remain unclear. We aimed to evaluate the evolution of macroprolactinomas during pregnancy and to identify potential risk factors. Read More

Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019 10;10:837. Epub 2019 Dec 10.

Department of Endocrine Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.

Pituitary adenomas (PA) are amongst the most prevalent intracranial tumors, causing complications by hormonal overproduction or deficiency and tumor mass effects, with 95% of cases occurring sporadically. Associated germline mutations () and microduplications are increasingly identified, but the clinical consequences in sporadic PA remain unclear. This systematic review evaluates predictors of a genetic cause of sporadic PA and the consequences for treatment outcome. Read More

World Neurosurg 2020 Apr 31;136:e284-e293. Epub 2019 Dec 31.

Department of Neurosurgery, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland. Electronic address:

Background: For 20 years, several studies have reported intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging (iMRI) utility to achieve gross total resections in transsphenoidal pituitary adenoma surgery. Although few studies on low-field iMRI included >100 patients, data on hormonally active tumors remain scarce and follow-up times are <3 years. This is not sufficient to judge the long-term efficiency of the use of low-field iMRI. Read More

Biosci Rep 2020 Jan;40(1)

Department of Neuro Surgery, Jining No.1 People's Hospital of Jining City Shandong Province, Jining City 272000, Shandong Province, China.

17β-estradiol (E2) is considered to be an important instigator of prolactinoma, and can positively regulate the expression of calbindin-D9k (CaBP-9k) which contains an estrogen responsive element (ERE) via estrogen receptors (ERs). However, the detailed mechanism of E2 in promoting CaBP-9k expression and their roles in prolactinoma progression remain unclear. Here, we aimed to characterize it. Read More

Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2020 Apr 19;92(4):323-330. Epub 2020 Jan 19.

Department of Endocrinology, Alder Hey Children's Hospital, Liverpool, UK.

Objective: There is a paucity of data describing long-term outcomes of paediatric patients with pituitary adenoma. In this report, we describe clinical features, treatment and outcomes of a paediatric cohort.

Design: Retrospective cohort study. Read More

Childs Nerv Syst 2020 Apr 18;36(4):853-856. Epub 2019 Dec 18.

Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Valley Children's Healthcare, 9300 Valley Children's Place, Madera, CA, 93636, USA.

Pituitary adenomas are rare in children, and often present with symptoms of headache, nausea or emesis, visual disturbance, or hormonal hypersecretion. With large tumors, mass effect from the lesion can lead to severe endocrinopathy and compression of intracranial neurovascular structures. In this case report, we describe an unusual presentation of an ischemic stroke in the territory of the right middle cerebral artery resulting from a prolactin-secreting macroadenoma. Read More

Pituitary 2020 Feb;23(1):45-51

Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Straße 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.

Purpose: Renewed interest in transsphenoidal surgery (TSS) as a therapeutic option for prolactinomas has emerged.

Methods: Based on contemporary literature and own experience, the changing role of surgery for treatment of prolactinomas is discussed.

Results: Today, TSS is performed by minimally invasive microscopic or endoscopic techniques. Read More

J Clin Med 2019 Dec 13;8(12). Epub 2019 Dec 13.

Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.

Hyperprolactinaemia is one of the most common problems in clinical endocrinology. It relates with various aetiologies (physiological, pharmacological, pathological), the clarification of which requires careful history taking and clinical assessment. Analytical issues (presence of macroprolactin or of the hook effect) need to be taken into account when interpreting the prolactin values. Read More

Pituitary 2020 Feb;23(1):52-57

Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Rabin Medical Center - Beilinson Hospital, 4941492, Petach Tikva, Israel.

Context: Prolactinomas in men are usually large and invasive, presenting with signs and symptoms of hypogonadism and mass effects, including visual damage. Prolactin levels are high, associated with low testosterone, anemia, metabolic syndrome and if long-standing also osteoporosis.

Results: Medical treatment with the dopamine agonist, cabergoline, became the preferred first-line treatment for male prolactinomas as well as for giant tumors, leading to prolactin normalization in ~ 80% of treated men, and tumor shrinkage, improved visual fields and recovery of hypogonadism in most patients. Read More

Pituitary 2020 Feb;23(1):65-69

Neuroendocrine Unit, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hospital das Clinicas, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Rua Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, no 155, 8° andar, bloco 3 (Endocrinologia), São Paulo, SP, 05403-000, Brazil.

Prolactinomas are the most common pituitary tumors and pathological hyperprolactinemia. Therefore, women harboring prolactinomas frequently present infertility due to the gonadal axis impairment. The gold-standard treatment is dopamine agonist (DA) which can reverse hyperprolactinemia and hypogonadism, and promote tumor shrinkage in the majority of cases. Read More

Endocrine 2020 Jan 26;67(1):58-66. Epub 2019 Nov 26.

Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.

Purpose: The optimal treatment of prolactinomas with a predominantly cystic component remains poorly defined. The cystic tumor component is considered to respond less favorably to medical treatment, thereby advocating surgical management. The purpose of this study was to assess remission rates in surgically treated cystic prolactinomas, and to compare outcomes to similarly treated solid micro- and macroprolactinomas. Read More

Eur J Endocrinol 2020 Feb;182(2):177-183

Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Endocrine Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Objective: The association between prolactin level variation and prolactinoma size reduction remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the prolactin level cut-off predictive of a tumor size reduction.

Design: Retrospective cohort study. Read More

Pituitary 2020 04;23(2):200-202

Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Calle Manuel de Falla 1, 28022, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.

J Neurol Surg B Skull Base 2019 Dec 21;80(6):620-625. Epub 2019 Jan 21.

Department of Neurosurgery, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.

 Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea following medical management of prolactinoma is a rare complication. We evaluated the clinical background of this condition, identify potential risk factors, and discuss the management options and challenges involved.  We retrospectively reviewed clinical details of patients who were treated for CSF leaks among patients treated for prolactinoma between 2013 and 2017. Read More

Endocrinol Diabetes Nutr 2019 Nov 15. Epub 2019 Nov 15.

Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.

The concept of aggressive pituitary tumor (APT) has been precisely defined in recent years. These tumors are characterized by morphological (radiological or histopathological) data of invasion, proliferative activity superior to that of typical adenomas and a clinical behavior characterized by resistance to standard therapies and frequent recurrences. The absence of cerebrospinal or distant metastases differentiates them from the pituitary carcinoma. Read More

Clin Exp Reprod Med 2019 Dec 19;46(4):202-205. Epub 2019 Nov 19.

Department of Urology, Fertility Center of CHA Gangnam Medical Center, CHA University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Hyperprolactinemia due to a pituitary adenoma is a rare cause of erectile dysfunction (ED). The prevalence of clinically apparent prolactinomas is reported to be from 6-10 to 50 per 100,000. A few reports have been published of prolactinoma presenting with ED. Read More

Curr Urol Rep 2019 Nov 16;20(11):78. Epub 2019 Nov 16.

Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Bone & Mineral Disorder, Henry Ford Medical Center--New Center One, 3031 W. Grand Blvd, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.

Purpose Of Review: Hypogonadism is a common endocrine dysfunction. This review focuses on the most up-to-date guideline for evaluation of pituitary function among men presenting with signs and symptoms of hypogonadism.

Recent Findings: The clinician must differentiate between primary (testicular) and secondary (pituitary-hypothalamic or central) hypogonadisms and be aware of adult-onset hypogonadism. Read More

Pituitary 2020 Apr;23(2):120-128

Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hospital das Clinicas, Neuroendocrine Unit, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, no 155, 8° andar, bloco 3 (Endocrinologia), Sao Paulo, SP, 05403-000, Brazil.

Objective: To evaluate the maternal-fetal outcomes of CAB-induced pregnancies in patients with prolactinoma in a large cohort.

Methods: The prevalence of tumor growth, miscarriage, preterm, low birth weight, congenital malformations and impairment in neuropsychological development in children among women treated with CAB were assessed in a Brazilian multicentre retrospective observational study, RESULTS: We included 194 women with a mean age of 31 (17-45) years, 43.6% presenting microadenomas and 56. Read More

Eur J Endocrinol 2020 Jan;182(1):R1-R13

Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.

Although effective treatment regimens (surgical resection, drug treatment with dopamine agonists or somatostatin analogues, radiotherapy) have been established for the therapy of most pituitary tumours, a considerable proportion of affected patients cannot completely cured due to incomplete resection or drug resistance. Moreover, even if hormone levels have been normalized, patients with hormone-secreting tumours still show persistent pathophysiological alterations in metabolic, cardiovascular or neuropsychiatric parameters and have an impaired quality of life. In this review reasons for the discrepancy between biochemical cure and incomplete recovery from tumour-associated comorbidities are discussed and the clinical management is delineated exemplarily for patients with acromegaly and Cushing's disease. Read More

Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019 12 6;7(12):e1022. Epub 2019 Nov 6.

Department of Cell Biology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.

Background: Pituitary adenomas (PAs) are one of the most common intracranial tumors; approximately half of PAs are prolactin (PRL)-secreting PAs (prolactinomas). The genetic alterations prevalent in prolactinomas are unknown.

Methods: Here, we present a patient with an extremely aggressive and giant prolactinoma accompanied by serious destruction of the surrounding bone mass. Read More

Pituitary 2020 Feb;23(1):58-64

Institute of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Diabetes and Hypertension, Tel Aviv-Sourasky Medical Center, 6 Weizmann Street, 64239, Tel Aviv, Israel.

Purpose: Treatment goals in prolactinomas are to correct hypogonadism, restore fertility and control tumor mass in case of macroadenomas. According to current guidelines, medical treatment of asymptomatic postmenopausal women is not indicated. The purpose of this study was to review the current literature pertaining to biological behavior of prolactinomas during menopause, likelihood of successful dopamine agonist withdrawal during this period and possible prolactin-mediated increased morbidity that could modify current management. Read More

Horm Metab Res 2019 Nov 4;51(11):709-713. Epub 2019 Nov 4.

Medical Faculty, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey.

To assess the demographic characteristics and hormonal status of patients who presented to our clinic with pituitary adenoma and to demonstrate the presence, prevalence, and relationship of metabolic syndrome parameters in these patients. The study included 303 patients with known or newly diagnosed pituitary adenoma and 52 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. The patients were classified into 3 groups; acromegaly (ACRO) (n=54),prolactinoma (PRLoma) (n=163), and non-functional adenoma (NFA) (n=86). Read More

J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020 Mar;105(3)

Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, ZA Leiden, the Netherlands.

Context: The improved remission and complication rates of current transsphenoidal surgery warrant reappraisal of the position of surgery as a viable alternative to dopamine agonists in the treatment algorithm of prolactinomas.

Objective: To compare clinical outcomes after dopamine agonist withdrawal and transsphenoidal surgery in prolactinoma patients.

Methods: Eight databases were searched up to July 13, 2018. Read More

Pituitary 2020 Feb;23(1):16-26

Departments of Medicine (Endocrinology) and Neurological Surgery, and Northwest Pituitary Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Mail Code CH8N, 3303 SW Bond Ave, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.

Purpose: This review aimed to evaluate data on the use of magnetic resonance imaging in the management of prolactinomas.

Methods: Recent literature about prolactinoma behavior and magnetic resonance imaging in the management of prolactinomas is reviewed.

Results: A review of evidence regarding prolactinoma pituitary MRI follow-up; techniques and sequences, recent data on possible gadolinium retention, the role and a review of T2-weighted images in the identification of prolactinomas and frequently encountered clinical scenarios, as well as MRI correlation with prolactin secretion, tumor growth and prediction of response to medical therapy are presented. Read More