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Ann Surg Oncol 2020 Aug 3. Epub 2020 Aug 3.

Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.

Background: Saturated fatty acid esters may cause mastalgia via hypersensitivity of breast epithelium to circulating hormones. Evening primrose oil (EPO) may restore the saturated/unsaturated fatty acid balance and decrease sensitivity to steroidal hormones or prolactin. Conflicting results exist regarding EPO treatment for mastalgia. Read More

Anim Genet 2020 Jun 16. Epub 2020 Jun 16.

Animal Sciences, University of Florida, 2250 Shealy Dr, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA.

Thermal stress limits beef cattle production and a shorter hair coat is a key thermoregulative adaptation that allows cattle to lose heat more efficiently. The objective of this study was to identify genetic variants associated with the length of the undercoat and topcoat of cattle utilizing 1456 Brangus heifers genotyped with the Bovine GGP F250 array. Seven SNPs in the PCCA gene were significantly associated with undercoat length. Read More

Psychiatry Res 2020 May 31;290:113163. Epub 2020 May 31.

Independent Scholar, San Diego, San Diego, CA, 92110, United States. Electronic address:

Background: Maternal Postpartum (PPD) or Postnatal Depression (PND) is believed to be the commonest medical complication postpartum. Evidence suggests a significantly higher prevalence of the disease compared to the often reported 10-15%.

Method: Studies were identified by accessing several databases including PubMed/Medline, PubMed Central, EBSCO, and PsycINFO. Read More

Eur J Pharmacol 2020 Aug 25;880:173190. Epub 2020 May 25.

School of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023, China. Electronic address:

Semen Vaccariae, the seed of Vaccaria segetalis, is traditionally used in East Asian countries for the treatment of breast milk deficiency, but the underlying molecular mechanism has not been discovered yet. The present study assessed the stimulatory effect of vaccarin, one of the major constituents of Semen Vaccariae, on proliferation of and milk synthesis in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) and explored the corresponding molecular mechanism. Vaccarin affected cell proliferation and milk fat and protein synthesis in a concentration-dependent manner, with the best stimulatory effects at 0. Read More

Growth Horm IGF Res 2020 Jun 15;52:101321. Epub 2020 Apr 15.

Novo Nordisk Inc., Plainsboro, New Jersey, United States.

Objective: Macimorelin is an orally active ghrelin receptor agonist indicated for the diagnosis of adult growth hormone (GH) deficiency in the United States. This phase 1 study evaluated the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of single ascending doses of macimorelin (including a supratherapeutic dose to be used in a thorough QT trial) in healthy adults.

Design: Participants were randomized to receive macimorelin 0. Read More

Hum Mol Genet 2020 Jun;29(10):1648-1657

Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.

Combined pituitary hormone deficiency (CPHD) is a genetically heterogeneous disorder caused by mutations in over 30 genes. The loss-of-function mutations in many of these genes, including orthodenticle homeobox 2 (OTX2), can present with a broad range of clinical symptoms, which provides a challenge for predicting phenotype from genotype. Another challenge in human genetics is functional evaluation of rare genetic variants that are predicted to be deleterious. Read More

Arch Endocrinol Metab 2020 Apr 6. Epub 2020 Apr 6.

División Endocrinología, Hospital General de Agudos Dr. Carlos G. Durand, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

The usual clinical presentation of non-functioning pituitary adenoma (NFPA) consists of symptoms of mass effect and hypopituitarism. NFPA is a rare condition in young women and an uncommon complication during pregnancy. We present the outcome of three patients with NFPA during pregnancy. Read More

Cureus 2019 Dec 29;11(12):e6500. Epub 2019 Dec 29.

Medicine, Allama Iqbal Medical College/Jinnah Hospital, Lahore, PAK.

Introduction Hypogonadism is characterized by clinical and biochemical evidence of testosterone deficiency. Low testosterone levels have been reported in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which can predispose to coronary artery disease (CAD). It has been proposed that diabetic men with proven CAD have lower androgen levels than patients with normal coronary arteriograms. Read More

Hum Exp Toxicol 2020 Jun 30;39(6):834-847. Epub 2020 Jan 30.

Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt.

We aimed to explore the possible neurotoxicity and infertility mechanisms of prolonged metronidazole (MTZ) use and the effects of antioxidant grapefruit (GP) co-therapy on MTZ-induced complications. Sixty male albino Wistar rats were divided into four groups ( = 15 each). Group I (control group) received 1% dimethyl sulfoxide (27 ml/ kg/day), group II (MTZ group) received MTZ (400 mg/kg/day), group III (MTZ + GP) received MTZ (400 mg/kg/ day) plus GP juice (27 ml/kg/ day) and group IV (GP group) received GP juice (27 ml/kg) for 60 days. Read More

J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020 Apr;105(4)

Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel/Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.

Content: Gynecomastia (defined by proliferation of glandular elements) and pseudogynecomastia (defined by adipose tissue) are frequent in pubertal boys. An association with sex hormones and the growth hormone axis has been discussed.

Objective: The objective of this work is to compare sex hormones, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) between boys with gynecomastia and pseudogynecomastia (separation by ultrasound). Read More

Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2020 Jun 22;95(3):592-624. Epub 2020 Jan 22.

Centre for Dermatology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, and NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, U.K.

The nervous system communicates with peripheral tissues through nerve fibres and the systemic release of hypothalamic and pituitary neurohormones. Communication between the nervous system and the largest human organ, skin, has traditionally received little attention. In particular, the neuro-regulation of sebaceous glands (SGs), a major skin appendage, is rarely considered. Read More

AACE Clin Case Rep 2019 Sep-Oct;5(5):e282-e286. Epub 2019 Jun 7.

Objective: To describe the unusual finding of pituitary adenoma in a patient with septo-optic dysplasia (SOD).

Methods: We describe the clinical presentation, biochemical and radiological evaluation, treatment, and outcomes of a patient with macroprolactinoma and previously undiagnosed SOD.

Results: A 41-year-old woman with optic nerve hypoplasia and growth hormone deficiency presented with new-onset galactorrhea, polyuria, and polydipsia. Read More

AACE Clin Case Rep 2019 Jan-Feb;5(1):e66-e69. Epub 2019 Jan 30.

Objective: Since the advent of dopamine agonists, prolactinomas have been primarily treated medically. However, studies show conflicting data on whether these agents are as effective as surgery for predominantly cystic prolactinomas. We present a case of a patient with a cystic prolactinoma for which surgery was selected as first-line therapy. Read More

J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 2020 Jan 17. Epub 2020 Jan 17.

Çukurova University Medical Faculty, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Adana, Turkey

Objective: Mutations of genes encoding transcription factors which play important roles in pituitary morphogenesis, differentiation and maturation lead to combined pituitary hormone deficiency (CPHD). gene mutations are reported as the most frequent genetic aetiology of CHPD. The aim of this study is to describe phenotype of Turkish CPHD patients and define frequency of mutations. Read More

Int J Endocrinol 2019 18;2019:5382640. Epub 2019 Dec 18.

Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.

Background: IgG4-related hypophysitis (IgG4-RH) is a rare disease, and its prevalence remains unclear. In recent years, an increasing number of cases have been reported because of the increasing recognition of this disease. We aimed to summarize case reports of IgG4-RH and outline the clinical features and outcomes. Read More

Saudi J Biol Sci 2020 Jan 24;27(1):177-183. Epub 2019 Jun 24.

Central Military Laboratory & Blood Bank, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is the most widely known type of disorder of the endocrine system marked by hyperglycemia resulting either due to deficiency of insulin and or resistance. Persistent hyperglycemia induces oxidative stress and is suggested to play a prominent role in the pathophysiology underlying T2DM. Besides, oxidative stress can result in DNA damage leading to high cancer risk. Read More

J Mol Endocrinol 2020 02;64(2):77-90

Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic.

Lack of leptin production in ob/ob mice results in obesity and prediabetes that could be partly reversed by leptin supplementation. In the hypothalamus, leptin supports the production of prolactin-releasing peptide (PrRP), an anorexigenic neuropeptide synthesized and active in the brain. In our recent studies, the palmitoylated PrRP analog palm11-PrRP31 showed a central anorexigenic effect after peripheral administration. Read More

Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2019 3;2019:3053458. Epub 2019 Nov 3.

Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian 223300, China.

Background: Kang-bai-ling (KBL), a Chinese patent medicine, has been demonstrated as an effective therapy for vitiligo in China. However, the pharmacological mechanisms of KBL have not been completely elucidated.

Methods: In this study, the potential multicomponent, multitarget, and multipathway mechanism of KBL against vitiligo was clarified by using network pharmacology-based strategy. Read More

Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019 6;10:765. Epub 2019 Nov 6.

HILIFE, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.

Mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) and cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor (CDNF) form a family of atypical growth factors discovered for their neuroprotective properties in the central nervous system (CNS) in animal models of neurodegenerative diseases. Although their mechanism of protective action still remains unclear, it has been suggested that both MANF and CDNF promote cell survival through regulating the unfolded protein response (UPR), thereby relieving endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Recent studies identified MANF for its emerging roles in metabolic function, inflammation and pancreatic β-cells. Read More

Am J Obstet Gynecol 2020 04 15;222(4):376.e1-376.e17. Epub 2019 Nov 15.

Igenomix Foundation-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, BIDMC, Harvard University, Boston, MA.

Background: Decidualization defects in the endometrium have been demonstrated at the time of delivery in women with severe preeclampsia and to linger for years, which suggests a maternal contribution to the pathogenesis of this condition. Global transcriptional profiling reveals alterations in gene expression, which includes down-regulation of Annexin A2 in severe preeclampsia patients with decidualization resistance.

Objective: We investigated the functional role of Annexin A2 deficiency during endometrial decidualization and its potential contribution to shallow trophoblast invasion during implantation and subsequent placentation using in vitro and in vivo modeling. Read More

Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020 01 31;521(2):521-526. Epub 2019 Oct 31.

Department of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan. Electronic address:

Neuromedin U (NMU) has a precursor that contains one additional peptide consisting of 33 or 36 amino acid residues. Recently, we identified this second peptide from rat brain and designated it neuromedin U precursor-related peptide (NURP), showing it to stimulate prolactin release from the pituitary when injected via the intracerebroventricular (icv) route. Here, we examined whether NMU, like NURP, also stimulates prolactin release. Read More

Brain Inj 2020 29;34(2):276-280. Epub 2019 Oct 29.

Centre for Neuro Skills, Bakersfield, CA, USA.

: The prevalence of chronic growth hormone deficiency (GHD) and its association with other hormonal deficiencies was determined in middle-aged patients post-stroke with and without consideration of body mass index (BMI).: Clinical records were reviewed to determine pituitary function at least 3 months post-stroke. Patients with a history of endocrine anomalies were excluded. Read More

Pituitary 2019 Dec;22(6):594-600

Dept. of Endocrinology, IPGME&R, Kolkata, 700020, India.

Purpose: Hypopituitarism frequently develops following vasculotoxic snake bite complicated by acute kidney injury (AKI). Well defined prospective studies of prevalence of hypopituitarism and its predictors in vasculotoxic snake bites complicated by AKI are unavailable.

Methods: Fifty-one consecutive patients of AKI following vasculotoxic snake bite were evaluated for various clinical/biochemical parameters (including Free T4, TSH, Cortisol, ACTH, total testosterone, FSH, LH, prolactin, and IGF-1). Read More

Sci Rep 2019 09 24;9(1):13768. Epub 2019 Sep 24.

Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan.

Accumulating evidence have shown the association of Parkinson's disease (PD) with osteoporosis. Bone loss in PD patients, considered to be multifactorial and a result of motor disfunction, is a hallmark symptom that causes immobility and decreased muscle strength, as well as malnutrition and medication. However, no known experimental evidence has been presented showing deleterious effects of anti-PD drugs on bone or involvement of dopaminergic degeneration in bone metabolism. Read More

Endocr Rev 2020 Apr;41(2)

Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.

Some endocrine disorders, including hypophysitis and isolated adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) deficiency, are caused by an autoimmune response to endocrine organs. Although the pathogenesis of some autoimmune endocrine diseases has been elucidated, it remains obscure for most. Anti-PIT-1 hypophysitis (anti-PIT-1 antibody syndrome) is a newly described pituitary autoimmune disease characterized by acquired and specific growth hormone (GH), prolactin (PRL), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) deficiencies. Read More

J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019 12;104(12):6229-6237

Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.

Context: Congenital isolated TSH deficiency (i-TSHD) is a rare form of congenital hypothyroidism. Five genes (IGSF1, IRS4, TBL1X, TRHR, and TSHB) responsible for the disease have been identified, although their relative frequencies and hypothalamic/pituitary unit phenotypes have remained to be clarified.

Objectives: To define the relative frequencies and hypothalamic/pituitary unit phenotypes of congenital i-TSHD resulting from single gene mutations. Read More

Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019 21;10:551. Epub 2019 Aug 21.

Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) represents a frequent complication among patients with obesity and has been associated with neuroendocrine changes, including hypogonadism. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the effects of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on testosterone and gonadotropins in male patients with OSA. The review was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42018103164). Read More

J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 2020 06 26;12(2):218-222. Epub 2019 Aug 26.

National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Attikon” University Hospital, Third Department of Pediatrics, Athens, Greece

Loss-of-function mutations of are an X-linked cause of central hypothyroidism (CeH) and hypoprolactinemia. A boy who is now 15.2 years old presented at the age of 7. Read More

J Sex Med 2019 09 9;16(9):1459-1468. Epub 2019 Aug 9.

Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands. Electronic address:

Introduction: Current treatment guidelines for adolescents with gender dysphoria recommend therapy with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists (GnRHa) and testosterone in transgender males. However, most evidence on the safety and efficacy of testosterone is based on studies in adults.

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of testosterone treatment in transgender adolescents. Read More

Cancer Res 2019 10 8;79(20):5316-5327. Epub 2019 Aug 8.

Department of Surgery, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is associated with significant fibrosis. Recent findings have highlighted the profibrotic activity of tissue-resident macrophages in the pancreatic cancer microenvironment. Here, we show that neoplastic pancreatic epithelium, as well as a subset of tissue-resident macrophages, expresses the prolactin-receptor (PRLR). Read More

Mymensingh Med J 2019 Jul;28(3):547-552

Dr Abul Bashar Mohammad Kamrul Hasan, Assistant Registrar, Department of Endocrinology, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital (MMCH), Mymensingh, Bangladesh; E-mail:

Metabolic syndrome (Met-S) and vitamin D deficiency (VDD) are common in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and hypovitaminosis D in PCOS was found to be associated with Met-S and its components. This cross-sectional study evaluated 110 newly diagnosed women with PCOS randomly recruited from the Endocrinology outpatient department of Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh from January to December 2018 to assess vitamin D status and to explore the relationship of vitamin D status with Met-S and its components. Met-S was diagnosed by using the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria applicable for South Asian women. Read More

J Neurosurg 2019 Aug 2:1-10. Epub 2019 Aug 2.

1Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.

Objective: The most common functioning pituitary adenoma is prolactinoma. Patients with medically refractory or residual/recurrent tumors that are not amenable to resection can be treated with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). The aim of this multicenter study was to evaluate the role of SRS for treating prolactinomas. Read More

Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019 27;10:381. Epub 2019 Jun 27.

Ha'Emek Medical Center, Pediatric Endocrine Institute, Afula, Israel.

POU1F1 is an essential transcription factor for the differentiation, proliferation and survival of somatotrophs, lactotrophs, and thyrotrophs. Mutations in the gene are characterized by growth hormone (GH), thyrotropin, and prolactin deficiencies, commonly presenting with growth retardation and central hypothyroidism. Since the first report in 1992, more than 25 mutations have been identified in . Read More

Biochem Biophys Rep 2019 Sep 25;19:100660. Epub 2019 Jun 25.

Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan.

We have revealed that diacylglycerol kinase η (DGKη)-knockout (KO) mice display bipolar disorder (BPD) remedy-sensitive mania-like behaviors. However, the molecular mechanisms causing the mania-like abnormal behaviors remain unclear. In the present study, microarray analysis was performed to determine global changes in gene expression in the DGKη-KO mouse brain. Read More

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019 07 8;116(30):15236-15243. Epub 2019 Jul 8.

Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany;

Dopamine neurons of the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) tonically inhibit the release of the protein hormone prolactin from lactotropic cells in the anterior pituitary gland and thus play a central role in prolactin homeostasis of the body. Prolactin, in turn, orchestrates numerous important biological functions such as maternal behavior, reproduction, and sexual arousal. Here, we identify the canonical transient receptor potential channel Trpc5 as an essential requirement for normal function of dopamine ARC neurons and prolactin homeostasis. Read More

Cancers (Basel) 2019 Jul 2;11(7). Epub 2019 Jul 2.

Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Inserm U1151, 75014 Paris, France.

The canonical prolactin (PRL) Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT) 5 pathway has been suggested to contribute to human prostate tumorigenesis via an autocrine/paracrine mechanism. The probasin (Pb)-PRL transgenic mouse models this mechanism by overexpressing PRL specifically in the prostate epithelium leading to strong STAT5 activation in luminal cells. These mice exhibit hypertrophic prostates harboring various pre-neoplastic lesions that aggravate with age and accumulation of castration-resistant stem/progenitor cells. Read More

BMC Complement Altern Med 2019 Jun 17;19(1):132. Epub 2019 Jun 17.

Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Kwara, Nigeria.

Background: Nigerian Cannabis sativa (hemp) causes male gonadotoxicity by inducing hyperprolactinemia, down-regulation of hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis, and oxidative stress. Benin republic hemp has been preferred by illicit users in Nigeria but its effect on male fertility is not understood. This study determined and compared the compositions of Benin republic hemp ethanol extract (BHE) and Nigerian hemp. Read More

J Assist Reprod Genet 2019 Jul 13;36(7):1355-1359. Epub 2019 Jun 13.

Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.

Purpose: To investigate the effect of the anticoagulation factor annexin A5 on male fertility and to provide perspective on the influence of members of the coagulation cascade on fertility.

Methods: Patients with normozoospermia and with unexplained severe oligozoospermia were retrospectively selected and their genomic DNA sequenced for the promoter region of ANXA5. The genotypes proportions and the odds ratio for carriership of the haplotype M2 were compared between the groups and population control. Read More

J Clin Pharm Ther 2019 Oct 10;44(5):742-749. Epub 2019 Jun 10.

Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.

What Is Known And Objective: Thyroid autoimmune diseases occur much more frequently in women than men. Unfortunately, no previous study has determined whether sex hormones produce any effect on thyroid antibody titres. The primary study aim was to assess whether exogenous testosterone affects thyroid autoimmunity in men with Hashimoto's thyroiditis and low testosterone levels. Read More

Andrology 2019 11 16;7(6):778-793. Epub 2019 May 16.

University Department of Growth and Reproduction, and International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Background: Gynecomastia (GM) is a benign proliferation of the glandular tissue of the breast in men. It is a frequent condition with a reported prevalence of 32-65%, depending on the age and the criteria used for definition. GM of infancy and puberty are common, benign conditions resolving spontaneously in the majority of cases. Read More

Wiad Lek 2019 ;72(3):357-361

Department of Internal Diseases 2, Zaporizhzhia State Medical University, Zaporizhzhia, Ukraine.

Objective: Introduction: Considering significant gap of convincing knowledge in the field of cardiovascular effects of prolactin and its role as a stress hormone in men precise investigations of these peculiarities has become necessary. The aim of this study was to find out the relationship of prolactin concentration with parameters of arterial stiffness in hypertensive men with low testosterone.

Patients And Methods: Materials and methods: In total 83 men were examined including 27 apparently healthy individuals as the control group. Read More

Horm Metab Res 2019 Apr 25;51(4):248-255. Epub 2019 Apr 25.

Laboratory of Cyto-Molecular Genetics, Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India.

The objective of the study is the functional characterization of a novel c.605delC mutation in combined pituitary hormone deficiency (CPHD) and to report the clinical and genetic details of 160 growth hormone deficiency patients. Screening of , , , , and genes by Sanger sequencing was carried out in 160 trios and 100 controls followed by characterization of the c. Read More

Horm Res Paediatr 2019 25;92(2):133-142. Epub 2019 Apr 25.

Explorations Fonctionnelles et génétique endocriniennes, Hôpital Armand-Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris, France,

Background: The paradox of normal growth despite a lack of growth hormone (GH) is an unexplained phenomenon described in some pathological (sellar, suprasellar, and hypothalamic disorders) and overgrowth syndromes. It has been suggested that the paradoxical growth is due to other GH variants, GH-like moieties, prolactin, insulin, insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), and unidentified serum factors or growth mechanisms. The objective of this study was to determine the mechanism underlying this normal growth without GH. Read More

Mol Reprod Dev 2019 06 23;86(6):696-713. Epub 2019 Apr 23.

Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.

Prolactin family 7, subfamily d, member 1 (Prl7d1), a member of the expanding prolactin family, is mainly expressed in the placental junctional zone (including trophoblast giant cells and spongiotrophoblast cells) with peak expression observed at 12 days postcoitum (dpc) in mice. Previous studies have shown that PRL7D1 is a key mediator of angiogenesis in vitro; however, its physiological roles in placental development in vivo have not been characterized. To address this issue, we deleted Prl7d1 in mice and demonstrated that its absence results in reduced litter size and fertility. Read More

Endocr Pract 2019 Apr;25(4):340-352

To describe outcomes of patients with giant prolactinoma (≥4 cm) and identify predictors of therapeutic response. In this retrospective study, complete biochemical and structural response were defined as prolactin (PRL) ≤25 ng/mL and no visible tumor at follow-up, respectively. Giant prolactinoma (median size, 4. Read More

J Endocr Soc 2019 Apr 20;3(4):838-846. Epub 2019 Feb 20.

Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Mount Sinai Kravis Children's Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.

Cortisol and growth hormone (GH) deficiencies are causes of neonatal hypoglycemia. When they coexist, a pituitary disorder is suspected. We present an infant with hypoglycemia in whom an ACTH receptor defect was associated with transient GH deficiency. Read More

J Int Med Res 2019 May 8;47(5):2288-2295. Epub 2019 Apr 8.

contributed equally to this work.

This study aimed to report a unique case of primary adrenal insufficiency that was accompanied by painful gynecomastia, which was resolved by treatment with prednisone. Enlargement of the left breast with continuous weakness and generalized nausea in a male was discovered 3 months before admission. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain was normal 1 month before presentation. Read More

Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019 19;10:149. Epub 2019 Mar 19.

Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center, Amiens, France.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of hypopituitarism following TBI in a cohort of children who had been hospitalized for mild TBI and to identify the predictive factors for this deficiency. A prospective study was conducted on children between 2 and 16 years of age who had been hospitalized for mild TBI according to the Glasgow Coma Scale between September 2009 and June 2013. Clinical parameters, basal pituitary hormone assessment at 0, 6, and 12 months, as well as a dynamic testing (insulin tolerance test) 12 months after TBI were performed. Read More

Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019 03 26;16(6). Epub 2019 Mar 26.

EnviroManagement Services, 11 Riverview, Doherty's Rd, Bandon, Co. Cork, P72 YF10, Ireland.

The sodium iodide symporter (NIS) is the plasma membrane glycoprotein that mediates active iodide transport in the thyroid and other tissues, such as the salivary, gastric mucosa, rectal mucosa, bronchial mucosa, placenta and mammary glands. In the thyroid, NIS mediates the uptake and accumulation of iodine and its activity is crucial for the development of the central nervous system and disease prevention. Since the discovery of NIS in 1996, research has further shown that NIS functionality and iodine transport is dependent on the activity of the sodium potassium activated adenosine 5'-triphosphatase pump (Na+, K+-ATPase). Read More