J Endocrinol Invest 2012 Sep 22;35(8):782-794. Epub 2014 Mar 22.

Department of Molecular & Clinical Endocrinology and Oncology, "Federico II" University of Naples, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.

GH and PRL, although not considered as 'classi cal' sexual hormones, could play a role in the endocrine control of sexual function both in men and women. Physiologically, PRL seems to be involved in the central control of sexual behavior and activity, by modulating mainly the effects of dopaminergic and serotoninergic systems on sexual function. Indeed, circulating PRL levels increase after orgasm and may potentially play a role in the acute regulation of further sexual arousal following orgasm both in men and women. Read More

Indian Pediatr 2017 Jun;54(6):499-501

Pediatric Neurology and Neurodevelopment Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India. Correspondence to: Prof. Pratibha Singhi, APC, PGIMER, Chandigarh 160 012, India.

Background: Tyrosine Hydroxylase deficiency is a rare neurotransmitter disorder.

Case Characteristics: An Indian family with the disorder.

Observations: Phenotypic variation, elevated serum prolactin, genetic confirmation, and partial treatment-responsiveness. Read More

Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2017 Jun 9. Epub 2017 Jun 9.

Specialized medical hospital.Mansoua university - laboratory Mansoura, dakahlia. Egypt.

Objective: The present research explored the relationship of vitamin D status with prolactin levels and adenoma size in female patients with newly diagnosed prolactinoma and determination of hypovitaminosis D prevalence among female patients with prolactinoma.

Patients And Methods: We enrolled 67 female patients with newly diagnosed prolactinoma (41 with micro adenoma and 26 with macro adenoma) in this case-control study at the time of presentation. We selected a Control Group of 45 female subjects who were matched according to age, weight, height, body mass index and waist circumference. Read More

Clin Med Insights Endocrinol Diabetes 2017 19;10:1179551417710209. Epub 2017 May 19.

Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Diabetes Treatment Center, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Background/objectives: A high incidence of hypogonadism in men with type 2 diabetes (T2D) has been globally reported. This study aimed to determining the frequency of hypogonadism and related risk factors among men with T2D in a single-site hospital in Saudi Arabia.

Design And Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed on 157 men with T2D (between 30 and 70 years of age). Read More

J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 2017 May 22. Epub 2017 May 22.

Background: Prevalence of hyperprolactinemia in children with subclinical hypothyroidism (ScH) is not known. This study aimed to determine the occurrence and predictors of hyperprolactinemia in children with euthyroidism, ScH and overt primary hypothyroidism (OPH).

Methods: Consecutive children <18 years age, diagnosed to have normal thyroid function, ScH or OPH underwent serum prolactin estimation. Read More

Arch Argent Pediatr 2017 06;115(3):e170-e174

Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Industrial de Santander.

Cornelia de Lange syndrome is a genetic disease characterized by distinctive facial features, failure to thrive, microcephaly and several malformations associated. Its main endocrinological features are anomalies of the genitalia. We present a 13-year-old boy, who suffered from complicated aspiration pneumonia and showed Cornelia de Lange syndrome phenotype, with global developmental delay, suction-swallowing abnormalities, short stature and abnormal genitalia associated. Read More

Urol Ann 2017 Apr-Jun;9(2):136-140

Department of Urology, Prince Mohammed Bin Abdulaziz Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Objectives: Microdissection testicular sperm extraction (micro-TESE) is an optimal technique of sperm extraction for intracytoplasmic sperm injection. This study is to present our experience in micro-TESE and evaluate the relation of its sperm retrieval rate (SRR) with patients' characteristics, testicular functions, and histological parameters as well as previous sperm retrieval interventions.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed records of 255 patients with nonobstructive azoospermia who underwent micro-TESE between 2011 and 2014. Read More

Adipocyte 2017 Apr 21;6(2):69-75. Epub 2017 Mar 21.

a Department of Internal Medicine , Southern Illinois University School of Medicine , Springfield , Illinois , USA.

A major focus of biogerontology is elucidating the role(s) of the endocrine system in aging and the accumulation of age-related diseases. Endocrine control of mammalian longevity was first reported in Ames dwarf (Prop1(df)) mice, which are long-lived due to a recessive Prop1 loss-of-function mutation resulting in deficiency of growth hormone (GH), thyroid-stimulating hormone, and prolactin. Following this report, several other GH-related mutants with altered longevity have been described including long-lived Snell dwarf and growth hormone receptor knockout mice, and short-lived GH overexpressing transgenic mice. Read More

Med Oncol 2017 May 7;34(5):84. Epub 2017 Apr 7.

Department of Uro-Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Roentgena 5 st., 02-781, Warsaw, Poland.

Testicular tumors and their treatment interfere with homeostasis, hormonal status included. The aim of the study was to evaluate hormonal disorders of the pituitary-gonadal axis in men treated for testicular tumors. One hundred twenty-eight men treated for a unilateral testicular tumor at our institution were included. Read More

Biochemistry (Mosc) 2017 Mar;82(3):366-372

Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119334, Russia.

Dopamine (DA), synthesized in the mediobasal hypothalamus by dopaminergic neurons containing two enzymes of DA synthesis - tyrosine hydroxylase and decarboxylase of aromatic L-amino acids, or by monoenzymatic non-dopaminergic neurons containing one DA synthesis enzyme in cooperation, is known to have an inhibitory effect on prolactin secretion. Deterioration of this inhibitory control leads to an increase in prolactin concentration in the blood and to the development of hyperprolactinemia syndrome. In a rat model of hyperprolactinemia induced by administration of a neurotoxin causing degeneration of dopaminergic and noradrenergic neurons, the level of DA first decreases, leading to an increase in prolactin level (decompensation stage), while later both levels are restored to normal (compensation stage). Read More

Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2017 Jan-Feb;21(1):80-84

Department of Endocrinology, Topiwala National Medical College, Bai Yamunabai Laxman Nair Charitable Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.

Introduction: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an under-recognized cause of hypopituitarism. According to recent data, it could be more frequent than previously known. However, there is a scarcity of data in Indian population. Read More

Arthritis Rheumatol 2017 Jun 4;69(6):1272-1279. Epub 2017 May 4.

Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

Objective: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and systemic sclerosis (SSc) are autoimmune diseases that predominantly affect female patients, and therefore fewer investigations have been conducted in men. The aim of this study was to analyze sex hormone levels in male patients with SLE and those with SSc, compared to matched controls, in relation to the use of corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide (CYC).

Methods: Sex hormone levels were measured in fasting blood samples from male patients with SLE (n = 71) and those with SSc (n = 29) and compared to population-based, age-matched male controls. Read More

Transl Androl Urol 2016 Dec;5(6):850-858

Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.

Crosstalk among hormones characterizes endocrine function, and assessment of the hypogonadal man should take that into consideration. In men for whom testosterone deficiency is a concern, initial evaluation should include a thorough history and physical exam in which other endocrinopathies are being considered. Hypogonadism can be associated with both pituitary and thyroid dysfunction, for which appropriate biochemical evaluation should be undertaken in certain clinical scenarios. Read More

FP Essent 2016 Dec;451:17-24

University of Michigan Medical School Ypsilanti Health Center, 200 Arnet Suite 200, Ypsilanti, MI 48198.

Hirsutism is defined as excessive terminal hair growth, such as coarse sexual or secondary hair, that typically appears in a male growth pattern in androgen-dependent areas of the female body. It can occur in men and women. Common etiologies include polycystic ovary syndrome, idiopathic hyperandrogenemia, idiopathic hirsutism, adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency, androgen-secreting tumors, iatrogenic hirsutism, acromegaly, Cushing syndrome, hyperprolactinemia, and hypo- or hyperthyroidism. Read More

PLoS One 2016 28;11(11):e0166416. Epub 2016 Nov 28.

Department of Biology, Physiology and Neuroscience, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, United States of America.

Prolactin (PRL) is well characterized for its roles in initiation and maintenance of lactation, and it also suppresses stress-induced responses. Feeding a high-fat diet (HFD) disrupts activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Whether PRL regulates HPA axis activation under HFD feeding is not clear. Read More

Lancet Psychiatry 2017 Jan 15;4(1):63-72. Epub 2016 Nov 15.

Center for Gender Research and Early Detection, University of Basel Psychiatric Clinics, Basel, Switzerland. Electronic address:

Interest is growing in the potential effect of gonadal hormones, prolactin, and the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in schizophrenic psychoses. Many studies from clinical, epidemiological, and fundamental research have confirmed that oestradiol, the main component of oestrogens, can have protective effects in schizophrenic psychoses. Furthermore, many patients with schizophrenic psychoses-even in the untreated prodromal stages-have hyperprolactinaemia and gonadal dysfunction, with oestrogen deficiency in women and testosterone deficiency in men. Read More

Pituitary 2016 Dec;19(6):560-564

Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA.

Purpose: Acromegaly in infancy is extremely rare. We describe a 32 year old woman who presented at 6 months of age with isolated macrocephaly, followed by accelerated linear growth. At 21 months of age, her head circumference was 55 cm (+5. Read More

Funct Integr Genomics 2016 Nov 5;16(6):693-704. Epub 2016 Oct 5.

Basic Medical College, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China.

Isolated hormone deficiency might be caused by loss of a specific type of endocrine cells, and regenerating these missing cells may provide a new option for future treatment. It is known that POU1F1 lineage cells can differentiate into thyrotroph, somatotroph, and lactotroph. However, there is no effective way of controlling pituitary stem/progenitor cells to differentiate into a specific type of endocrine cell. Read More

Endocr Res 2017 May 18;42(2):125-131. Epub 2016 Oct 18.

e Department of Clinical Medicine, Biostatistics , University of Turku, and Turku University Hospital , Turku , Finland.

Purpose: The aim was to assess anterior pituitary hormone levels during the acute phase of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) and analyze the possible association with the clinical condition and outcome.

Material And Methods: Forty patients with aSAH whose aneurysm was secured by endovascular coiling were enrolled. Basal secretions of cortisol, testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin (PRL), and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) levels were measured up to 14 days after the incident. Read More

Endocrinology 2016 Dec 14;157(12):4744-4753. Epub 2016 Oct 14.

Department of Internal Medicine (J.D., S.M., Y.F., J.A.H., C.Z., A.B.), Geriatric Research, and Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology (J.D., A.B.), Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois 62702; Institute of Cardiovascular Disease (C.Z.), Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, People's Republic of China; and Department of Biology (L.Y.S.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294.

Ames dwarf mice (Prop1(df/df)) are long-lived due to a loss of function mutation, resulting in deficiency of GH, TSH, and prolactin. Along with a marked extension of longevity, Ames dwarf mice have improved energy metabolism as measured by an increase in their oxygen consumption and heat production, as well as a decrease in their respiratory quotient. Along with alterations in energy metabolism, Ames dwarf mice have a lower core body temperature. Read More

J Neurosci Rural Pract 2016 Oct-Dec;7(4):537-543

Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, School of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey.

Background: This study was to determine whether pituitary dysfunction occurs after head trauma in children or not and which axis is affected more; to define the association of pituitary dysfunction with the severity of head trauma and duration time after the diagnosis of head trauma.

Materials And Methods: In this study, 24 children who were diagnosed with head trauma were evaluated regarding pituitary dysfunction. In all cases, after 12 h fasting, serum cortisol, fT3, fT4, thyroid-stimulating hormone, prolactin, insulin-like growth factor-1, serum sodium, urine density, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, in female cases E2, in male cases, TT levels were determined. Read More

Neurosurgery 2016 Oct;79(4):E527-9

‡Departments of Medicine and Neurological Surgery, OHSU Northwest Pituitary Center, Oregon Health Science University, Portland, Oregon; §Guidelines Department, Congress of Neurological Surgeons, Schaumburg, Illinois; ¶Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona; ‖Pituitary Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; #Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; **Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; ‡‡Department of Neurosurgery, George Washington University, Washington, DC; §§Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; ¶¶Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.

Background: Nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs) are among the most common pituitary lesions and may present with hypopituitarism and/or hyperprolactinemia.

Objective: To review the existing literature as it pertains to preoperative endocrine assessment in the workup for NFPAs.

Methods: A systematic review methodology was utilized to identify and screen articles assessing the role and results of preoperative laboratory assessment in patients with NFPAs. Read More

J Menopausal Med 2016 Aug 30;22(2):62-4. Epub 2016 Aug 30.

Mother and Child Welfare Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.

Menopause is a critical stage of women's life associated with various complaints and distresses. Vasomotor symptoms (VMS), such as hot flushes, night sweats, sleep disturbances, and fatigue, are the most common menopause symptoms affecting about 50% to 80% of middle-aged women. Obviously, these symptoms, resulting from estrogen deficiency during menopause, can exert negative effects on women's health and quality of life and thus require to be managed through approaches such as hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Read More

PLoS One 2016 9;11(9):e0162455. Epub 2016 Sep 9.

Departamento de Química Biológica, IQUIFIB, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Changes in the estrogenic status produce deep changes in pituitary physiology, mainly because estrogens (E2) are one of the main regulators of pituitary cell population. Also, E2 negatively regulate pituitary neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) activity and expression and may thereby modulate the production of nitric oxide (NO), an important regulator of cell death and survival. Little is known about how ovary ablation affects anterior pituitary cell remodelling and molecular mechanisms that regulate this process have not yet been elucidated. Read More

J Assoc Physicians India 2015 Aug;63(8):28-36

Department of Neurosurgery, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh.

Background: Extra-pituitary birth defect (EPBD) in children with congenital hypopituitarism is largely unknown.

Objective: The study aims to evaluate the incidence and pattern of EPBD in children with congenital hypopituitarism and to evaluate whether it can serve as a clue to diagnose this condition.

Patients And Methods: Retrospective analysis of hospital record of patients of short stature due to various etiology from which patients with congenital hypopituitarism with age ≥18 years were recruited for the analysis. Read More

Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2017 Apr 1;65(2):123-136. Epub 2016 Sep 1.

Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.

Hormonal homeostasis is crucial for keeping a competent and healthy immune function. Several hormones can modulate the function of various immune cells such as dendritic cells (DCs) by influencing the initiation of the immune response and the maintenance of peripheral tolerance to self-antigens. Hormones, such as estrogens, prolactin, progesterone and glucocorticoids may profoundly affect DCs differentiation, maturation and function leading to either a pro-inflammatory or an anti-inflammatory (or tolerogenic) phenotype. Read More

Int Urol Nephrol 2016 Nov 13;48(11):1789-1795. Epub 2016 Aug 13.

Endocrinology Department, Şişli Etfal Training and Research Hospital, 34371, Şişli/Istanbul, Turkey.

Purpose: To assess female sexual functions in women who were affected by vitamin D3 deficiency.

Methods: A total of 50 women with FSD and 58 healthy women controls were included in the study, according to the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) questionnaire using a 26.55 cutoff value. Read More

Cancer Res Treat 2017 Apr 28;49(2):358-373. Epub 2016 Jul 28.

Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Institute of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.

Purpose: Prolactinoma (prolactin-secreting pituitary adenoma) is one of the most common estrogen-related functional pituitary tumors. As an agonist of the dopamine D2 receptor, bromocriptine is used widely to inhibit prolactinoma progression. On the other hand, it is not always effective in clinical application. Read More

Curr Treat Options Oncol 2016 Sep;17(9):50

Department of Endocrinology, Skåne University hospital and IKVL, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.

Opinion Statement: Survival rates of childhood cancer have improved markedly, and today more than 80 % of those diagnosed with a pediatric malignancy will become 5-year survivors. Nevertheless, survivors exposed to cranial radiotherapy (CRT) are at particularly high risk for long-term morbidity, such as endocrine insufficiencies, metabolic complications, and cardiovascular morbidity. Deficiencies of one or more anterior pituitary hormones have been described following therapeutic CRT for primary brain tumors, nasopharyngeal tumors, and following prophylactic CRT for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Read More

Biol Reprod 2016 Sep 27;95(3):56. Epub 2016 Jul 27.

Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China

Preeclampsia (PE), a pregnancy-specific disorder characterized by hypertension and proteinuria beginning after 20 wk of pregnancy, is a major cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Delivery of the placenta reverses the immediate clinical manifestations and remains the only reliable treatment for PE. Up to now, the causes of PE are not entirely clear. Read More

Physiol Rep 2016 Jun;4(11)

Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan

Systemic deficiency of PIKfyve, the evolutionarily conserved phosphoinositide kinase synthesizing cellular PtdIns5P and PtdIns(3,5)P2 and implicated in insulin signaling, causes early embryonic death in mice. In contrast, mice with muscle-specific Pikfyve disruption have normal lifespan but exhibit early-age whole-body glucose intolerance and muscle insulin resistance, thus establishing the key role of muscle PIKfyve in glucose homeostasis. Fat and muscle tissues control postprandial glucose clearance through different mechanisms, raising questions as to whether adipose Pikfyve disruption will also trigger whole-body metabolic abnormalities, and if so, what the mechanism might be. Read More

Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016 Oct 13;241(16):1764-71. Epub 2016 May 13.

Department of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics Research, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62794, USA.

Ames dwarf mice are exceptionally long-lived due to a Prop1 loss of function mutation resulting in deficiency of growth hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone and prolactin. Deficiency in thyroid-stimulating hormone and growth hormone leads to greatly reduced levels of circulating thyroid hormones and insulin-like growth factor 1, as well as a reduction in insulin secretion. Early life growth hormone replacement therapy in Ames dwarf mice significantly shortens their longevity, while early life thyroxine (T4) replacement therapy does not. Read More

Pituitary 2016 Aug;19(4):399-406

Endocrine Institute, Rabin Medical Center-Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva, Israel.

Purpose: To evaluate the utility of Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) standard deviation score (SDS) as a surrogate marker of severity of hypopituitarism in adults with pituitary pathology.

Methods: We performed a retrospective data analysis, including 269 consecutive patients with pituitary disease attending a tertiary endocrine clinic in 1990-2015. The medical files were reviewed for the complete pituitary hormone profile, including IGF-I, and clinical data. Read More

Horm Metab Res 2016 Jul 6;48(7):446-51. Epub 2016 Apr 6.

Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.

The current study was conducted to assess the effects of vitamin D-K-calcium co-supplementation on endocrine, inflammation, and oxidative stress biomarkers in vitamin D-deficient women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). This randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was performed on 60 vitamin D-deficient women diagnosed with PCOS aged 18-40 years old. Participants were randomly allocated into 2 groups to intake either 200 IU vitamin D, 90 μg vitamin K plus, 500 mg calcium supplements (n=30), or placebo (n=30) twice a day for 8 weeks. Read More

Lancet 2016 Nov 31;388(10058):2403-2415. Epub 2016 Mar 31.

Department of Endocrinology, Christie Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK; Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK. Electronic address:

Hypopituitarism refers to deficiency of one or more hormones produced by the anterior pituitary or released from the posterior pituitary. Hypopituitarism is associated with excess mortality, a key risk factor being cortisol deficiency due to adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) deficiency. Onset can be acute or insidious, and the most common cause in adulthood is a pituitary adenoma, or treatment with pituitary surgery or radiotherapy. Read More

Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2016 May 4;144:112-8. Epub 2016 Feb 4.

Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to characterize hypopituitarism in adult males with prolactinomas.

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the records of 102 consecutive patients, classified under three categories based on adenoma size at diagnosis: 1.0-2. Read More

Neurobiol Aging 2016 Apr 6;40:22-40. Epub 2016 Jan 6.

Department of Basic Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, USA. Electronic address:

APP/PS1 double transgenic mice expressing human mutant amyloid precursor protein (APP) and presenilin-1 (PS1) demonstrate robust brain amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide containing plaque deposition, increased markers of oxidative stress, behavioral dysfunction, and proinflammatory gliosis. On the other hand, lack of growth hormone, prolactin, and thyroid-stimulating hormone due to a recessive mutation in the Prop 1 gene (Prop1df) in Ames dwarf mice results in a phenotype characterized by potentiated antioxidant mechanisms, improved learning and memory, and significantly increased longevity in homozygous mice. Based on this, we hypothesized that a similar hormone deficiency might attenuate disease changes in the brains of APP/PS1 mice. Read More

Gynecol Obstet Fertil 2016 Mar 7;44(3):181-6. Epub 2016 Mar 7.

Service d'endocrinologie, hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, 184, rue du Faubourg-Saint-Antoine, 75012 Paris, France; Sorbonne universités, université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie-Paris 6, 75012 Paris, France; Inserm U933, 75012 Paris, France. Electronic address:

Prolactin is a major hormone, involved in gonadotroph axis regulation. Hyperprolactinemia induces gonadotropin deficiency and therefore hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. It should be suspected in front of menstrual cycle abnormalities, infertility and/or galactorrhea. Read More

J Sex Med 2016 Mar;13(3):317-37

Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, Department of Biomedical, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.

Introduction: Several hormones and neurotransmitters orchestrate men's sexual response, including the appetitive (sexual desire) and consummative (arousal and penile erection) phases.

Aim: To provide an overview and recommendations regarding endocrinologic control of sexual desire and arousal and erection and their disturbances.

Methods: Medical literature was reviewed by the subcommittee of the International Consultation of Sexual Medicine, followed by extensive internal discussion, and then public presentation and discussion with other experts. Read More

J Endocrinol 2016 May 23;229(2):85-96. Epub 2016 Feb 23.

Institute of Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryAcademy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic

Anorexigenic neuropeptides produced and acting in the brain have the potential to decrease food intake and ameliorate obesity, but are ineffective after peripheral application, owing to a limited ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. We have designed lipidized analogs of prolactin-releasing peptide (PrRP), which is involved in energy balance regulation as demonstrated by obesity phenotypes of both Prrp-knockout and Prrp receptor-knockout mice. The aim of this study was to characterize the subchronic effect of a palmitoylated PrRP analog in two rat models of obesity and diabetes: diet-induced obese Sprague-Dawley rats and leptin receptor-deficient Zucker diabetic (ZDF) rats. Read More

J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2016 Jun 19;26(5):471-7. Epub 2016 Feb 19.

5 Department of Psychiatry, Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio.

Background: Iron deficiency disrupts dopaminergic signaling in rodents, resulting in cognitive deficits that may be reversed with psychostimulants. In humans, iron deficiency with or without anemia has similarly been found to cause neuropsychological and behavioral impairments. However, the clinical effects of low body iron stores in antipsychotic-treated children have not been examined. Read More

J Hypertens 2016 Apr;34(4):719-27

aKey Laboratory of Animal Resistance Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University bDepartment of Anaesthesiology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China *Guiping Wang, Zhaohang Zhang, Cheng Chen, and Yachao Zhang contributed equally to this work.

Objectives: Preeclampsia affects 5-7% of all human pregnancies worldwide. It is characterized primarily by hypertension and proteinuria. Although the pathogenesis of preeclampsia is still not fully understood, the deficiency in decidualization is considered to have a role in this disease. Read More

Eur J Pediatr 2016 Aug 2;175(8):1119-22. Epub 2016 Feb 2.

Unité d'Endocrinologie-Gynécologie Pédiatriques, Departement de Pédiatrie, Hôpital Arnaud-de-Villeneuve, CHU Montpellier et Université Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France.

Unlabelled: Hashimoto's thyroiditis is a well-known cause of growth retardation in adolescence. It is less frequently seen in children and rarely seen in infants. A 4-year-old girl was referred to our clinic for a second opinion before starting growth hormone (GH) treatment. Read More

Transl Pediatr 2015 Apr;4(2):175-80

Kowloon West Cluster Laboratory Genetic Service, Department of Pathology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China.

The monoamine neurotransmitter disorders are a heterogeneous group of inherited neurological disorders involving defects in the metabolism of dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine and serotonin. The inheritance of these disorders is mostly autosomal recessive. The neurological symptoms are primarily attributable to cerebral deficiency of dopamine, serotonin or both. Read More

Przegl Lek 2015 ;72(6):313-20

Although named after Harold Sheehan, postpartum ischemic pituitary necrosis was reported for the first time 100 years ago in Przeglad Lekarski by Leon Konrad Gliński. In the majority of cases, the syndrome is a consequence of severe postpartum bleeding episode resulting in severe hypotension or hemorrhagic shock. The frequency of Sheehan's syndrome has decreased in developed countries as a result of improved obstetrical care, but this clinical entity remains a common cause of hypopituitarism in developing countries. Read More

J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 2016 Mar 18;8(1):86-91. Epub 2015 Dec 18.

University Hospital Gent, Department of Pediatrics, Gent, Belgium, E-mail:

Immunoglobulin super family member 1 (IGSF1) deficiency syndrome is characterized by central hypothyroidism, delayed surge in testosterone during puberty, macro-orchidism, and in some cases, hypoprolactinemia and/or transient growth hormone (GH) deficiency. Our patient was a 19-year-old male adolescent who had been treated since the age of 9 years with GH and thyroxine for an idiopathic combined GH, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and prolactin (PRL) deficiency. His GH deficiency proved to be transient, but deficiencies of TSH and PRL persisted, and he had developed macro-orchidism since the end of puberty. Read More

Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis 2016 1;8(1):e2016001. Epub 2016 Jan 1.

National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Department of Hematology and BMT, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.

Introduction: In males, acquired hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (AHH) includes all disorders that damage or alter the function of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons and/or pituitary gonadotroph cells. The clinical characteristics of AHH are androgen deficiency and lack, delay or halt of pubertal sexual maturation. AHH lead to decreased libido, impaired erectile function, and strength, a worsened sense of well-being and degraded quality of life (QOL). Read More

J Vet Intern Med 2016 Jan-Feb;30(1):85-91. Epub 2015 Dec 23.

Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.

Background: Primary hypothyroidism is a common endocrinopathy in dogs. In contrast, central hypothyroidism is rare in this species.

Objectives: The objective of this article is to describe the occurrence and clinical presentation of central hypothyroidism in Miniature Schnauzers. Read More

Hum Mol Genet 2016 Feb 26;25(3):472-83. Epub 2015 Nov 26.

Inserm UMRS933, Hôpital Trousseau, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris, 26 Avenue du Dr Netter, Paris 75012, France, Service de Génétique et d'Embryologie Médicales, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Paris, France.

POU1F1, a pituitary-specific POU-homeo domain transcription factor, plays an essential role in the specification of the somatotroph, lactotroph and thyrotroph lineages and in the activation of GH1, PRL and TSHβ transcription. Individuals with mutations in POU1F1 present with combined deficiency of GH, PRL and TSH. Here, we identified a heterozygous missense mutation with evidence of pathogenicity, at the POU1F1 locus, in a large family in which an isolated growth hormone deficiency segregates as an autosomal dominant trait. Read More

Eur J Endocrinol 2016 Mar 23;174(3):381-7. Epub 2015 Nov 23.

Department of Cardiothoracic and Respiratory SciencesEndocrinology and Metabolic Diseases Unit, Second University of Naples, Piazza L. Miraglia 2, 80131 Napoli, ItalyDepartment of MedicalSurgical, Neurological, Metabolic and Geriatric Sciences, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases UnitDepartment of Clinical and Experimental MedicineSecond University of Naples, Napoli, Italy.

Background: Some cases of apparently idiopathic GH deficiency (GHD) may be caused by pituitary autoimmunity.

Objective: To study the variations in pituitary function and antipituitary antibodies (APA) from childhood to transition age in patients with apparently idiopathic GHD.

Design: We conducted a longitudinal study. Read More