Search Our Scientific Publications & Authors

J Endocr Soc 2019 Feb 17;3(2):387-396. Epub 2018 Dec 17.

Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

Gene variants of , which encodes the enzyme 24-hydroxylase, are a most unusual cause of maternal hypercalcemia. Loss-of-function mutations in result in impaired dehydroxylation of active vitamin D (calcitriol). Secondary to this hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria and suppressed parathyroid hormone (P-PTH) can develop. Read More

Urolithiasis 2018 Oct 27. Epub 2018 Oct 27.

Department of Urology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA.

Antepartum nephrolithiasis presents a complex clinical scenario which often requires an intervention such as ureteral stent or percutaneous nephrostomy tube (PCNT) placement, especially in the setting of urinary tract infection (UTI). We assess the risk of UTI and preterm labor in the setting of antepartum nephrolithiasis. A retrospective review of an administrative dataset for California and Florida was performed, which included pregnant women admitted for a delivery between 2008 and 2011. Read More

Asian J Urol 2018 Oct 5;5(4):223-234. Epub 2018 Jun 5.

Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Western University, London, Canada.

Urinary stone disease is a highly prevalent condition affecting approximately 10% of the population, and has increased in incidence significantly over the past 20 years. Along with this, the rate of stone disease among women and children is also on the rise. The management of stone disease in specific populations, such as in children and during pregnancy can present unique challenges to the urologist. Read More

Ital J Pediatr 2018 Sep 24;44(1):111. Epub 2018 Sep 24.

Division of Perinatal Medicine, Policlinico Abano Terme, Piazza Colombo 1, 35031, Abano Terme, Italy.

Background: Fetal supraventricular tachycardia (SVT), characterized by fetal heart rate between 220 and 260 bpm, is a rare but most commonly encountered fetal cardiac arrhythmia in pregnancy that may be associated with adverse perinatal outcome.

Case Presentation: We describe a 36/6 week near term fetus who presented morphine-induced SVT after maternal treatment of a renal colic. Following emergency cesarean section, the neonate had resolution of symptoms. Read More

Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2018 Aug 1;227:32-34. Epub 2018 Jun 1.

Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, PR China.

Objective: To describe the efficacy of double-J stent retention and ureteroscopy lithotripsy, we performed a study to evaluate the management of symptomatic ureteral calculi during pregnancy.

Materials And Methods: From January 2005 and June 2015, 53 pregnant women with symptomatic ureteral calculi were admitted and treated in our hospital. According to the treatment techniques, there were divided into two groups: double-J stent retention group (30 cases) and ureteroscopy lithotripsy group (23 cases). Read More

Ther Adv Urol 2018 Apr 8;10(4):127-138. Epub 2018 Feb 8.

Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, 1 Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03756-1000, USA.

Urolithiasis is the most common nonobstetric complication in the gravid patient. The experience can provoke undue stress for the mother, fetus, and management team. The physiologic changes of pregnancy render the physical exam and imaging studies less reliable than in the typical patient. Read More

J Am Coll Radiol 2018 05 5;15(5):e5. Epub 2018 Mar 5.

J Pediatr Surg 2017 Dec 2;52(12):2070-2073. Epub 2017 Sep 2.

Department of General and Pediatric Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.

Background/purpose: We report the current status of patients who underwent augmentation cystoplasty (AC) at least 20years previously.

Methods: Surgical history, incidence of urinary tract infection (UTI) and bladder stones, vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), urine cytology, renal function, a colon cancer tumor marker (carcinoembryonic antigen: CEA), and patient outcomes were assessed.

Results: Forty patients who underwent AC (mean age: 34. Read More

Urol J 2017 Nov 4;14(6):5034-5037. Epub 2017 Nov 4.

Shiraz Nephro Urology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.

Purpose: Urolithiasis during pregnancy poses risks for mother and the fetus with specific challenges in diagnosis and management. We report our experience with urgent percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) in seven pregnant patients with symptomatic renal stone in early pregnancy.

Materials And Methods: Seven pregnant patients with symptomatic renal stones were reviewed. Read More

Semin Ultrasound CT MR 2017 Aug 20;38(4):310-326. Epub 2017 Feb 20.

Department of Radiology, Baystate Medical Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Springfield, MA.

Pelvic pain is a common complaint in female patients who present to the emergency department. Although encountered frequently, the path to a definitive diagnosis is not always a straightforward one, and imaging offers a valuable tool to aid in this diagnostic challenge. Radiologists must be familiar with the most common etiologies of female pelvic pain in the emergency setting, their imaging characteristics, and the best way to further evaluate challenging clinical presentations. Read More

Cent European J Urol 2017 Jun 11;70(2):175-178. Epub 2017 Jun 11.

University Hospital Southampton NHS Trust, United Kingdom.

Introduction: The prevalence of urolithiasis is increasing worldwide and is causing significant morbidity and cost to the healthcare systems. While ureteroscopy (URS) has been established as a treatment option, our review highlights the expanding role of URS for the management of more complex stones and patients in the modern era.

Material And Methods: Ureteroscopy has shown to have good outcomes with stone free rates (SFR) comparable to other treatment modalities. Read More

Eur Urol Focus 2017 02 5;3(1):46-55. Epub 2017 May 5.

Department of Urology, AMC University Hospital, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

Context: Retrograde intrarenal surgery has gained substantial popularity worldwide thanks to continuous improvements in technology and techniques, and is now considered one of the first-line treatment options for active removal of renal stones.

Objective: To provide a comprehensive synthesis of the main evidences in literature on the current management of kidney stones by means of retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS).

Evidence Acquisition: A review of literature has been conducted using search string "retrograde intrarenal surgery OR flexible ureteroscop* OR ureterorenoscop*", without any language restriction; PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases were searched in November 2016. Read More

J Lasers Med Sci 2017 28;8(2):84-87. Epub 2017 Mar 28.

Department of Urology, Shohada-e-Tajrish Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

The aim of our study was to assess the efficacy and safety of laser lithotripsy in pregnant patients. In this retrospective study, we reviewed the 15 pregnant women who have been treated for ureteral stones with semi-rigid ureteroscope and holmium laser at our center between Januarys 2007and April 2015. The mean age of patients and mean gestational age was 29. Read More

Clin Genet 2017 Dec 4;92(6):632-638. Epub 2017 Oct 4.

Service de Biochimie Hormonologie, APHP, Paris, France.

Cystinuria is a heterogeneous, rare but important cause of inherited kidney stone disease due to mutations in 2 genes: SLC3A1 and SLC7A9. Antenatal hyperechoic colon (HEC) has been reported in some patients as a non-pathological consequence of the intestinal transport defect. We report 83 patients affected by cystinuria: 44 presented prenatally with a HEC (HEC group) and 39 with a classical postnatal form (CC group). Read More

J Obstet Gynaecol 2017 Nov 9;37(8):1085-1086. Epub 2017 Jun 9.

d Department of Medicine, Divisions of Obstetric Medicine and Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine , The Miriam Hospital and Alpert Medical School of Brown University , Providence , RI , USA.

J Pediatr Urol 2017 Oct 20;13(5):509.e1-509.e7. Epub 2017 Apr 20.

Division of Pediatric Urology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA.

Introduction: Early data support the use of medical expulsive therapy (MET) in children. However, little is known regarding use or outcomes associated with MET outside of pediatric-specific practices. Using a national administrative dataset, we sought to characterize utilization patterns of MET as well as assess outcomes associated with MET exposure. Read More

Aust Vet J 2017 May;95(5):174-177

Goulburn Valley Equine Hospital, Congupna, Victoria, Australia.

Case Report: Cystic urolithiasis is the most common form of urolithiasis reported in horses. In contrast to the gelding or stallion, clinical disease is less common in the mare and manual removal techniques are possible because of their shorter, wider urethral anatomy. However, these manual removal techniques can be traumatic and are limited by the size of the urolith. Read More

Can J Urol 2017 Apr;24(2):8770-8772

Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.

Bilateral obstructing ureteric calculi is a rare cause of acute renal failure. Although urolithiasis in later pregnancy is not uncommon, the development of bilateral obstruction secondary to ureteric calculi in the first trimester is rare and poses difficulty to diagnosis and management. Symptoms of diseases and physiological changes associated with pregnancy can obscure diagnosis of urolithiasis and obstructive uropathy. Read More

World J Urol 2017 Nov 19;35(11):1637-1649. Epub 2017 Apr 19.

2nd Department of Urology, Sismanoglio Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.

Purpose: Management of urolithiasis in pregnancy can be challenging for most urologists with diagnostic and treatment dilemma to ensure the best outcome for both mother and fetus. We wanted to review the literature for urolithiasis in pregnancy with a practical management guide for urologists.

Methods: A non-systematic review of literature was carried out for all English language literature using Medline. Read More

World J Urol 2017 Sep 16;35(9):1395-1399. Epub 2017 Mar 16.

Department of Urology, Muljibhai Patel Urological Hospital, Nadiad, India.

Urolithiasis is a significant worldwide source of morbidity, constituting a common urological disease that affects between 10 and 15% of the world population. Recent technological and surgical advances have replaced the need for open surgery with less invasive procedures. The factors which determine the indications for percutaneous nephrolithotomy include stone factors (stone size, stone composition, and stone location), patient factors (habitus and renal anomalies), and failure of other treatment modalities (ESWL and flexible ureteroscopy). Read More

Acta Vet Scand 2017 Mar 14;59(1):16. Epub 2017 Mar 14.

Clinic for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Andrology of Large and Small Animals with Ambulatory Services, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Frankfurter Str. 106, 35392, Giessen, Germany.

Sonography is a convenient, non-invasive diagnostic modality in small ruminants, often used in reproductive management, internal medicine, and surgery. Pregnancy diagnostics and imaging anatomy and pathology of organs, such as neoplasia, are major applications. Urolithiasis is one of the most common causes of death in male sheep and goats, for which sonography is the diagnostic modality of choice. Read More

World J Urol 2017 Sep 7;35(9):1381-1393. Epub 2017 Mar 7.

Western University, London, ON, Canada.

There are several special situations in which urinary lithiasis presents management challenges to the urologist. An in-depth knowledge of the pathophysiology, unique anatomy, and treatment options is crucial in order to maintain good health in these patients. In this review, we summarize the current literature on the management of the following scenarios: bladder stones, stones in bowel disease, during pregnancy, in association with renal anomalies, with skeletal deformities, in urinary diversions, and in children. Read More

Urol Ann 2017 Jan-Mar;9(1):32-36

Department of Urology, IPGMER and SSKM Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.

Aim: Pregnancy is an anatomical and physiological altered state and the presence of various urological problems not only aggravates the disease itself, but also results in unfavourable pregnancy outcome. Aim is to highlight obstetric outcome in pregnant women with urological problems.

Materials And Methods: Longitudinal prospective cohort study conducted in tertiary care hospital, IPGME and R, Kolkata from Jan 2011 to Dec 2012. Read More

J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2018 Jan 31;31(2):191-196. Epub 2017 Jan 31.

a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Urology Division, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke , Sherbrooke , Québec , Canada.

Objectives: To evaluate the in vitro effect of tamsulosin and nifedipine on the contractility of pregnant rat ureters and to perform quantitative analysis of the pharmacological effects. Medical expulsive therapy (MET) is commonly used to treat urolithiasis. However, this treatment is seldom used in pregnant women since no studies support this practice. Read More

J Reprod Med 2017 Jan-Feb;62(1-2):89-91

BACKGROUND: The cesarean delivery rate continues to rise in the United States. The majority of cesarean deliveries are performed secondary to a previous cesarean delivery. Bladder injury at the time of a repeat cesarean delivery is a known risk. Read More

Am Fam Physician 2016 Oct;94(7):575-576

Urologia 2017 Feb 2;84(1):28-34. Epub 2016 Dec 2.

Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Labbafinejad Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran - Iran.

Background: Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is an important tool for the management of urolithiasis. The effects of shockwaves on tissues are established. The aim of this meta-analysis is to evaluate the microscopic semen characteristics of young men before and after ESWL treatment for lower ureteral calculi. Read More

Turk J Urol 2016 Dec;42(4):290-294

Department of Urology, Dicle University School of Medicine, Diyarbakır, Turkey.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the results of urine cultures obtained either from urethral, and percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN) catheters.

Materials And Methods: This study included 328 consecutive patients that underwent PCN at our institution with complicated urinary tract infections (UTIs) between July 2010 and April 2015. Results of urine cultures obtained from the urethral and nephrostomy catheters were compared. Read More

Int J Surg 2016 Dec 2;36(Pt D):688-692. Epub 2016 Nov 2.

U-merge (Urology in Emerging Countries), London, UK. Electronic address:

Urolithiasis in pregnancy is a major health concern and can potentially affect the well-being of both mother and foetus. Management of this condition often entails simultaneous multidisciplinary involvement of obstetrician, radiologist and urologist. Additionally, adverse effects with usage of anaesthesia, radiation, medications and surgery on mother and foetus, limit utilisation of the full armamentarium of diagnostic and therapeutic modalities that are commonly used in non-pregnant women. Read More

Int J Surg 2016 Dec 2;36(Pt D):638-646. Epub 2016 Nov 2.

Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, White 270, Boston, MA 02114, USA. Electronic address:

Nephrolithiasis is a common cause of abdominal pain and will affect approximately 1 in 10 people in their lifetime. In the past two decades, there have been several technological advances that have changed the imaging approach to stone diagnosis and follow-up. We present a review of the current imaging evaluation for renal stone disease, and outline how new technology has helped with diagnosis and management. Read More

Emerg Radiol 2017 Feb 10;24(1):81-86. Epub 2016 Sep 10.

Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, 4150 Clement Street, Building 200, Rm 2A-166, San Francisco, CA, 94121, USA.

Pain resulting from renal and ureteral stones is a common cause for patients presenting in the acute setting. Since the late 1990s, computed tomography (CT) has been the initial imaging method of choice to evaluate patients with suspected ureteral stones; however, concerns regarding both radiation dose and cost-effectiveness have prompted investigations into a different imaging algorithm. Studies utilizing ultrasound have provided evidence indicating that it may be a more appropriate first step, with selective use of CT in selected cases, in the diagnostic work-up. Read More

Minerva Urol Nefrol 2016 Dec 21;68(6):547-559. Epub 2016 Jul 21.

Mayo Clinic, Department of Urology, Rochester, MN, USA -

Ureteroscopy is the treatment of choice for small ureteral or renal calculi and for diagnosis of ureteral abnormalities suspicious for urothelial carcinoma. In certain scenarios ureteroscopy may be used to treat large stones or tumors when other more favorable treatment modalities are not possible. In such situations ureteroscopy can prove to be a challenging procedure. Read More

Sci Rep 2016 06 21;6:28041. Epub 2016 Jun 21.

School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Vascular Medicine and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.

Melamine incident, linked to nephrotoxicity and kidney stone in infants previously exposed to melamine-contaminated milk products, was unprecedentedly grave in China in 2008 as little was known about the mechanistic process leading to renal dysfunction in affected children. This study investigates whether neonatal ingestion of melamine leads to renal and vascular dysfunction in adulthood; and whether ingestion of melamine in pregnant rats leads to renal dysfunction in their offspring. A combination of approaches employed includes functional studies in rat renal arteries, renal blood flow measurement by functional magnetic resonance imaging, assay for pro-inflammatory and fibrotic biomarkers, immunohistochemistry, and detection of plasma and renal melamine. Read More

Chonnam Med J 2016 May 20;52(2):123-7. Epub 2016 May 20.

Department of Urology, CHA University Medical School, Seongnam, Korea.

To determine an optimal invasive intervention for renal colic patients during pregnancy after conservative treatments have been found to be unhelpful. Among the available invasive interventions, we investigated the reliability of a ureteral stent insertion, which is considered the least invasive intervention during pregnancy. Between June 2006 and February 2015, a total of 826 pregnant patients came to the emergency room or urology outpatient department, and 39 of these patients had renal colic. Read More

Eur Radiol 2016 Dec 16;26(12):4624-4631. Epub 2016 Mar 16.

Department of Urology, Baskent University Faculty of Medicine, Konya, Turkey.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to compare the inter-observer variability and the accuracy of magnetic resonance urography (MRU) using a thin sectional balanced-turbo field echo (B-TFE) sequence for detecting ureteral calculi and to determine the effect of additional factors (size, density and location of the calculus) on the sensitivity and specificity of the MRU.

Materials & Methods: MRU and CT images were evaluated independently by two radiologists according to presence, density and localization of calculi. The degrees of inter-rater agreement for categorical items were evaluated by the Kappa coefficient. Read More

Arab J Urol 2016 Mar 6;14(1):7-11. Epub 2016 Feb 6.

Zagazig University, Faculty of Medicine, Urology Department, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt.

Objectives: To compare the safety and efficacy of tamsulosin, alfuzosin, and their combinations with methylprednisolone, in the medical management of lower ureteric stones.

Patients And Methods: Between September 2012 and June 2014, patients diagnosed with a single lower ureteric stone of ⩽10 mm (longest dimension) were enrolled. Patients with urinary tract infection, severe hydronephrosis, pregnancy, hypertension, diabetes, ulcer disease, or renal insufficiency were excluded. Read More

Urol J 2016 Mar 5;13(1):2496-501. Epub 2016 Mar 5.

Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Labbafinejad Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Purpose: Our goal was to present our experience with ultrasound guided supine or prone percutaneous nephrolithotomy in three pregnant women under spinal anesthesia.

Materials And Methods: Three pregnant women in the 16th, 20th and 28th weeks of pregnancy presented with symptomatic large renal stone in the first patient and multiple renal stones in the second and third patients which were unresponsive to conventional medical therapy. They requested a definitive stone treatment. Read More

Arch Ital Urol Androl 2016 Jan 14;87(4):280-5. Epub 2016 Jan 14.

Urology Department, Tepecik Educational and Research Hospital, Izmir.

Urinary system stones can be classified according to size, location, X-ray characteristics, aetiology of formation, composition, and risk of recurrence. Especially urolithiasis during pregnancy is a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. In most cases, it becomes symptomatic in the second or third trimester. Read More

Clin Nephrol 2016 Feb;85(2):70-6

Renal colic is recognized as one of the most common causes of non-obstetric hospitalization during pregnancy. Furthermore, both symptomatic urolithiasis and its management have been associated with preterm labor, markedly amplifying the "typical" concerns of either pregnancy or stone passage alone. As those specializing in the care of stone disease are likely to be involved in the management of suspected renal colic in the pregnant woman, it is imperative to be informed of strategies and pitfalls in the evaluation and treatment of urinary tract stones in this population. Read More

Radiol Clin North Am 2015 Nov 12;53(6):1309-25. Epub 2015 Aug 12.

Radiology Department, Umberto I Hospital, Sapienza University, Viale del Policlinico 155, Rome 00161, Italy.

Acute abdominal pain in pregnancy presents diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Ultrasound remains the primary imaging investigation of the pregnant abdomen because of its availability, portability, and lack of ionizing radiation. MR imaging has been shown to be useful in the diagnosis of gynecologic and obstetric problems and in the setting of acute abdomen during pregnancy. Read More

Case Rep Obstet Gynecol 2015 21;2015:906073. Epub 2015 Sep 21.

Inova Fairfax Hospital Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 3300 Gallows Road, Falls Church, VA 22042, USA.

Spontaneous rupture of the renal collecting system is a rare but serious complication of pregnancy. We report a case of nontraumatic left renal calyceal rupture in a pregnancy which ultimately progressed to preterm delivery. A 29-year-old primigravida with a remote history of urolithiasis presented with left flank pain, suprapubic pain, and signs of preterm labor at 33 weeks of gestation. Read More

J Endourol 2016 Mar 22;30(3):354-8. Epub 2016 Jan 22.

2 Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago, Illinois.

Introduction: Medical expulsive therapy (MET) is a pharmacologic approach thought to augment the spontaneous passage of ureteral calculi. The usage of MET pharmacologics for presumed ureteral calculi during pregnancy has not been studied and their safety and utility are unknown. We sought to characterize the worldwide usage of MET in the setting of pregnancy with presumed ureteral calculus (P-MET), as well as factors associated with physician use. Read More

J Urol 2016 Jan 19;195(1):13-4. Epub 2015 Oct 19.

Department of Urology, UC San Diego Health, San Diego, California.

Clin Radiol 2015 Dec 9;70(12):1462-71. Epub 2015 Oct 9.

Department of Radiology, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK.

The distinction of pain in pregnancy due to urolithiasis from that related to physiological dilation of the renal tract is a common conundrum as renal colic is one of the commonest causes for non-obstetric pain in pregnancy. Ultrasound is the first-line imaging test but although it may demonstrate renal dilation, it may not show the cause. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is able to make the distinction. Read More

Probl Sotsialnoi Gig Zdravookhranenniiai Istor Med 2015 May-Jun;23(3):45-8

Nowadays, increasing of renal pathology, especially of its chronic forms characterized by long clinical duration and frequent exacerbations is observed in pregnant women. The study was carried out to analyze prevalence and structure of renal pathology in pregnant women with further development of social economic basics of its prevention. The epidemiological analysis established that during 2009-2011 in Baku prevalence of renal pathology in pregnant women amounted to 11%. Read More

J Clin Diagn Res 2015 Jul 1;9(7):QD03-4. Epub 2015 Jul 1.

Associate Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, G R Doshi and K M Mehta Institute of kidney Disease and institute of Transplantation Sciences , Asarwa, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India .

Urolithiasis means calculus in urinary system. It is a rare condition in pregnancy which can have devastating results for the mother in the form of pyonephrosis and septicaemia and to the foetus in the form of IUGR and prematurity. This is a rare case report of a 27-year old female patient who presented with perinephric abscess and hydronephrosis at 22 weeks of pregnancy. Read More

Ugeskr Laeger 2015 Sep;177(38):V06140360

Hydronephrosis in pregnancy is common in the second and third trimester. Only a few cases are symptomatic, caused by a ureteric stone or by the pregnancy itself. The clinical dilemma is when to treat and when not to treat. Read More

Eur Urol 2016 Mar 4;69(3):475-82. Epub 2015 Sep 4.

Department of Urology, Sindelfingen-Böblingen Medical Centre, University of Tübingen, Sindelfingen, Germany. Electronic address:

Context: Management of urinary stones is a major issue for most urologists. Treatment modalities are minimally invasive and include extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (SWL), ureteroscopy (URS), and percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL). Technological advances and changing treatment patterns have had an impact on current treatment recommendations, which have clearly shifted towards endourologic procedures. Read More

Aktuelle Urol 2015 Jul 30;46(4):281. Epub 2015 Jul 30.

Am J Obstet Gynecol 2015 Nov 26;213(5):691.e1-8. Epub 2015 Jul 26.

Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL. Electronic address:

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the cost-effectiveness of serial stenting vs ureteroscopy for treatment of urolithiasis during pregnancy as a function of gestational age (GA) at diagnosis.

Study Design: We built decision analytic models for a hypothetical cohort of pregnant women who had received a diagnosis of symptomatic ureteral calculi and compared serial stenting to ureteroscopy. We assumed ureteral stent replacement every 4 weeks during pregnancy, intravenous sedation for stent placement, and spinal anesthetic for ureteroscopy. Read More