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BMJ Case Rep 2019 Feb 7;12(2). Epub 2019 Feb 7.

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jawaharlal Institute of Post-graduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry, India.

Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE) is an uncommon neurological complication in pregnancies complicated with hyperemesis due to thiamine deficiency. In women with hyperemesis, inadvertent glucose administration prior to thiamine supplementation triggers the development of neurological manifestations. Delay in the diagnosis can lead to maternal morbidity, and in one-third of cases may lead to persistence of some neurological deficit. Read More

Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2019 Feb 7. Epub 2019 Feb 7.

Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.

Objectives: To investigate whether Japanese Kampo medicines, including Sho-hange-kabukuryou-to, Touki-syakuyaku-san, and Hange-kouboku-to, are safe for fetuses, and whether these medicines reduce hospitalizations and medical costs in pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum.

Methods: We used the Japan Medical Data Center database to extract data for pregnant women (aged ≥19 years) admitted to obstetric clinics or hospitals for delivery between January 1, 2005, and December 31, 2016. Eligible patients were classified into three groups: Kampo medicines for hyperemesis gravidarum, other medicines for hyperemesis gravidarum, and without hyperemesis gravidarum. Read More

Endocr J 2019 Jan 29. Epub 2019 Jan 29.

Department of Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.

Although hyperemesis gravidarum (HG), an extreme form of morning sickness, is a common complication during pregnancy, HG associated simultaneous onset of rhabdomyolysis and diabetes insipidus due to electrolyte abnormalities are rare. A 34-year-old woman with severe HG at 17 weeks of gestation complicated with appetite loss, weight reduction by 17 kg, general fatigue, myalgia, weakness and polyuria was identified to have simultaneous hypophosphatemia (1.6 mg/dL) and hypokalemia (2. Read More

Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J 2018 Aug 19;18(3):e355-e361. Epub 2018 Dec 19.

Department of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, Army College of Medical Sciences & Base Hospital, New Delhi, India.

Objectives: The , an annual mass gathering of Muslim pilgrims, is known for its high morbidity and mortality rates. However, pregnant women sometimes participate in this pilgrimage, despite guidelines that discourage such an undertaking due to potential fetomaternal complications. This study aimed to evaluate fetomaternal outcomes among pregnant Indian pilgrims. Read More

Reprod Toxicol 2018 Dec 27;84:59-64. Epub 2018 Dec 27.

Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

The purpose of this study was to follow up on the reporting of neurodevelopmental disorders in children exposed in utero to Hyperemesis Gravidarum (HG). This was an exploratory descriptive study whereby neurodevelopmental outcomes of 267 children delivered by 177 mothers with HG were compared to neurodevelopmental outcomes from 93 children delivered by 60 unaffected mothers. Similar to at age 8, the children (now 12) exposed in utero to HG had over 3-fold increase in odds of neurodevelopmental disorders including attention, anxiety, sensory, sleep difficulty, and social development delay/social anxiety. Read More

Emerg Med Pract 2019 Jan 1;21(Suppl 1):1-2. Epub 2019 Jan 1.

Department of Emergency Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY

Timely management of patients presenting to the ED while in their first trimester of pregnancy can improve outcomes for both the patient and the fetus. Common obstetric problems encountered include vaginal bleeding and miscarriage, ectopic pregnancy and pregnancy of undetermined location, and nausea and vomiting of pregnancy, including hyperemesis gravidarum. Optimal diagnostic approaches and management strategies are covered, including which antiemetics are safe to give in pregnancy. Read More

BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2018 Dec 20;18(1):502. Epub 2018 Dec 20.

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey.

Background: Nausea and vomiting occur 50-90% during the first trimester of pregnancy. However, patients with hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) may be hospitalized at an incidence rate of 0.8-2% before the 20th week of gestational age. Read More

Emerg Med Pract 2019 Jan 1;21(1):1-20. Epub 2019 Jan 1.

Director of Undergraduate Medical Education, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA; Assistant Professor of Emergency Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA.

Timely management of patients presenting to the ED while in their first trimester of pregnancy can improve outcomes for both the patient and the fetus. Common obstetric problems encountered include vaginal bleeding and miscarriage, ectopic pregnancy and pregnancy of undetermined location, and nausea and vomiting of pregnancy, including hyperemesis gravidarum. Optimal diagnostic approaches and management strategies are covered, including which antiemetics are safe to give in pregnancy. Read More

Int J Chronic Dis 2018 12;2018:5183713. Epub 2018 Nov 12.

Addis Ababa University, College of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Background: Early detection and treatment of ( infection in women of child bearing ages may reduce the risk of maternal health disorder. This study was conducted to determine the burden of infections and associated risk factors among women of child bearing ages in Kolfe Keranio Subcity Woreda 9 Health Centers, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Methods: Facility based cross sectional study design was conducted from April to October 2015. Read More

BMJ 2018 Nov 30;363:k5000. Epub 2018 Nov 30.

Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

J Pregnancy 2018 30;2018:5378502. Epub 2018 Oct 30.

Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Medical Centers Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.

Introduction: Hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) medical therapies are currently of limited effect, which creates a larger role for patient preferences in the way HG care is arranged. This is the first study using in-depth interviews to investigate patients' preferences and experiences of HG treatment.

Materials And Methods: We conducted individual in-depth interviews among women who had been hospitalized for HG in North Holland at least once in the past 4 years. Read More

Clin Pract Cases Emerg Med 2018 Nov 16;2(4):341-343. Epub 2018 Oct 16.

Beaumont Health System, Department of Emergency Medicine, Royal Oak, Michigan.

Wernicke's encephalopathy is an important condition for the emergency physician (EP) to consider in patients at risk for malnutrition. A 60-year-old man with history of alcoholism presented with word-finding difficulties, dysmetria, ataxia, and personality changes. After treatment with high-dose thiamine, his neurological status returned to his baseline. Read More

Wellcome Open Res 2018 21;3:123. Epub 2018 Sep 21.

Metabolic Research Laboratories and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge Addenbrooke's Hospital Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.

Although nausea and vomiting are very common in pregnancy, their pathogenesis is poorly understood. We tested the hypothesis that circulating growth and differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) concentrations in early pregnancy, whose gene is implicated in hyperemesis gravidarum, are associated with nausea and vomiting. Blood samples for the measurement of GDF15 and human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) concentrations were obtained early in the second trimester (median 15. Read More

Harefuah 2018 Oct;157(10):638-639

Motherisk Israel, Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Assaf Harofe Hospital.

Background: Hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) affects around 1% of pregnant women. The experience is traumatic, and many women hesitate to start a subsequent pregnancy in view of the tendency of HG to re-occur.

Objectives: A 25 year old woman who experienced HG in her previous pregnancy was very afraid to start a second pregnancy, as she considered the termination of the first, traumatic pregnancy. Read More

Nutr Clin Pract 2018 Oct 18. Epub 2018 Oct 18.

Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.

Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy affect the majority of pregnancies, while the most severe version, hyperemesis gravidarum (HG), affects a much smaller subset of women. Despite the prevalence of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy and the severe consequences of HG, the pathophysiology of these conditions is not fully understood. Currently, it is thought that a combination of hormonal factors accounts for their development. Read More

Case Rep Obstet Gynecol 2018 16;2018:9746062. Epub 2018 Sep 16.

Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 1400 South Coulter Street, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA.

Background: Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome is a condition characterized by chronic cannabis use and cyclic episodes of nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain, relieved by compulsive bathing. The syndrome is likely to be underdiagnosed in pregnant women due to its similarity with hyperemesis gravidarum in the presentation.

Case: We report a 20-year-old pregnant woman with multiple admissions for recurrent nausea and vomiting who was observed to be taking frequent hot showers. Read More

Am J Ther 2018 Sep 18. Epub 2018 Sep 18.

Al-Manara Centre, Kuwait Centre for Mental Health (KCMH), Kuwait City, Kuwait.

Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2018 Nov 5;11(11):1143-1150. Epub 2018 Oct 5.

b School of Oral Health, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences , Fiji National University , Suva , Fiji.

Introduction: Several drugs were explored for their utility in treating nausea and vomiting in pregnancy (NVP). The present study is a network meta-analysis of such drugs.

Methods: Electronic databases were searched for randomized clinical trials that have compared active interventions (with placebo or other active interventions) for treating NVP. Read More

Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2018 Sep 14;78(9):866-870. Epub 2018 Sep 14.

Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

Hyperemesis gravidarum (HG), a pregnancy complication characterized by severe nausea and vomiting in pregnancy, occurs in up to 2% of pregnancies. It is associated with both maternal and fetal morbidity. HG is highly heritable and recurs in approximately 80% of women. Read More

Int J Clin Pract 2019 Jan 21;73(1):e13261. Epub 2018 Sep 21.

Division of Epidemiology & Public Health, City Hospital, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.

Aims: Prescribing drug treatment for the management of hyperemesis gravidarum (HG), the most severe form of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy, remains controversial. Since most manufacturers do not recommend prescribing antiemetics during pregnancy, little is known regarding which treatments are most prevalent among pregnant patients. Here, we report for the first time, evidence of actual treatments prescribed in English hospitals. Read More

Cureus 2018 Jul 17;10(7):e2991. Epub 2018 Jul 17.

Surgery, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, PAK.

Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE) is a life-threatening acute or sub-acute neurological emergency characterized by ataxia, confusion, nystagmus, and ophthalmoparesis caused by thiamine deficiency. It was first described in 1881 by Carl Wernicke with alcohol being the most common cause. We present a rare case of a 35-year-old pregnant female who presented to our emergency department with a history of vomiting and loose motions for two weeks. Read More

BMJ Open Qual 2018 8;7(3):e000330. Epub 2018 Sep 8.

Emergency Department, Princess Royal University Hospital, Orpington, Kent, UK.

Hyperemesis gravidarum is a common condition characterised by severe nausea and vomiting. The referral process from the emergency department (ED) to obstetrics and gynaecology (O&G) can lead to treatment delays before the gynaecology team review the patient, resulting in unnecessary prolonged inpatient stays in O&G. This quality improvement project created a clinical pathway which optimised care of patients presenting with hyperemesis gravidarum in the ED at the Princess Royal University Hospital using a treatment protocol. Read More

Arch Womens Ment Health 2018 Sep 17. Epub 2018 Sep 17.

Health Services Research Unit, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.

Hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) is a pregnancy condition characterised by severe nausea and vomiting during early pregnancy. The experience of HG is for many women a traumatic event. Few studies have investigated a possible association between HG and birth-related posttraumatic stress. Read More

Isr Med Assoc J 2018 Sep;20(9):573-575

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel.

Background: Ptyalism gravidarum (PG) is a condition of hypersalivation that affects pregnant women early in gestation. Symptoms include massive saliva volumes (up to 2 liters per day), swollen salivary glands, sleep deprivation, significant emotional distress, and social difficulties.

Objectives: To examine maternal and fetal characteristics and pregnancy outcomes of patients with PG. Read More

J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2018 Sep 25:1-7. Epub 2018 Sep 25.

b School of Oral Health, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences , Fiji National University , Suva , Fiji.

Background: Several interventions were explored in clinical trials for treating hyperemesis gravidarum (HG). The present study is a network meta-analysis of such interventions.

Methods: Electronic databases were searched for appropriate randomized clinical trials comparing interventions for treatment of patients with HG. Read More

Case Rep Obstet Gynecol 2018 29;2018:4687587. Epub 2018 Jul 29.

Obstetrics and Gynaecology Staff Specialist, Gold Coast University Hospital, Australia.

We present a case of a 39-year-old G8P6 Pacific Islander woman who at 15+5 weeks' gestation had an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest secondary to profound hypokalaemia which was associated with severe hyperemesis gravidarum (HG). Her clinical course after arrest was complicated by a second 5-minute cardiac arrest in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) (pre-arrest potassium 1.8), anuric renal failure requiring dialysis, ischaemic hepatitis, and encephalopathy and unfortunately fetal demise and a spontaneous miscarriage on day 2 of admission. Read More

Am J Obstet Gynecol 2018 Nov 16;219(5):469.e1-469.e10. Epub 2018 Aug 16.

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland.

Background: Hyperemesis gravidarum, excessive vomiting in pregnancy, affects approximately 0.3-3.0% of all pregnancies, but the risk is considerably higher in pregnancies following a hyperemetic pregnancy. Read More

Cureus 2018 Jun 12;10(6):e2793. Epub 2018 Jun 12.

Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, MYS.

Wernicke's encephalopathy following severe hyperemesis gravidarum is an uncommon clinical entity. We describe a rare manifestation of optic discs swelling in a pregnant woman that has caused a diagnostic dilemma. With high index of suspicion of clinical manifestations and radiological evidences, a clinical diagnosis of Wernicke's encephalopathy was made. Read More

J Obstet Gynaecol Can 2018 Aug;40(8):1017-1023

Maternal, Newborn and Teen Program, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, North York General Hospital, Toronto, ON; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON. Electronic address:

Objective: This study sought to evaluate the sustained value of an early pregnancy assessment clinic (EPAC) in the management of early pregnancy complications and its effect on the incidence emergency room (ER) visits.

Methods: A 10-year retrospective study (January 2006 to December 2015) was conducted. The number of patients assessed, sources and reasons for referral, and treatments provided were reviewed. Read More

Rev Med Suisse 2018 Aug;14(614):1397-1400

Service des urgences, CHUV, 1011 Lausanne.

Nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy is a common condition at risk to be minimized by women or care providers. If not treated in the early stages, it can evolve to a severe condition with a morbidity risk for the mother and/or the fetus, and expose to public health consequences. Severe forms of nausea and vomiting and hyperemesis gravidarum are a clinical diagnosis with nonspecific manifestations in addition to biologic and metabolic consequences for mother and/or child. Read More

Rev Med Suisse 2018 Aug;14(614):1382-1385

Service de médecine interne générale, Département de médecine interne, réhabilitation et gériatrie, HUG, 1211 Genève 14.

Abnormal liver biochemical and function tests is common problem among patients in emergency department and can result from many different pathologies. In pregnant women, causes are sometime life-threating for the mother and the fetus. The role of emergency physician is : 1) to differentiate between serious (HELPPS syndrome, pre-eclampsia and eclampsia, acute fatty liver of pregnancy) and minor (intrahepatic cholestasis, hyperemesis gravidarum) pregnancy related liver disease and 2) to recognize non-pregnancy related liver disease. Read More

J Vasc Access 2019 Mar 3;20(2):226-228. Epub 2018 Aug 3.

5 Vascular Surgeon, Hospital Municipal Vila Santa Catarina / Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil.

Introduction:: Insertion of central catheters in peripheral vessels is a common procedure performed for a variety of indications, including parenteral nutrition. Hyperemesis gravidarum may require parenteral nutrition in exceptional situations. Although globally safe, insertion of peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) can lead to complications. Read More

Cureus 2018 May 9;10(5):e2597. Epub 2018 May 9.

Department of Neurology, University of Missouri, Columbia, USA.

Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE) is a rare neurological syndrome that presents in the setting of thiamine deficiency. Though alcoholism is the most common cause of this condition, a few other etiologies include malnutrition from other causes, hemodialysis, and hyperemesis gravidarum. In this case report, we aim to report a case of a young woman who developed WE in the setting of hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) that improved with thiamine replacement. Read More

J Affect Disord 2018 10 18;238:626-635. Epub 2018 Jun 18.

Neuroscience Graduate Program, McMaster University, Ontario, Canada; Women's Health Concerns Clinic, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Ontario, Canada. Electronic address:

Background: Even though more than 20% of women meet diagnostic criteria for an anxiety disorder during the perinatal period, very little is known about the predictors of these problems. As a result, we systematically reviewed the literature on risk factors for new onset anxiety and maternal anxiety exacerbation in the perinatal period.

Methods: PubMed, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Ovid, ProQuest Portal, and Web of Science were searched for studies assessing risk factors for the development of new onset anxiety or anxiety worsening in women during pregnancy and the postpartum period. Read More

J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2018 Aug 13:1-5. Epub 2018 Aug 13.

d Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Erciyes University Medicine Faculity , Kayseri , Turkey.

Purpose: This study aimed to clarify the effect of severe hyperemesis gravidarum (sHG) on maternal vascular endothelial health with evaluation of soluble adhesion molecules.

Method: The study population consisted of two groups of pregnant participants between 18 and 35 years of age who were between 5 and 13 weeks of gestation: sHG group and a healthy control group. A group of 26 participants whose pregnancies were complicated by sHG was compared with 26 healthy participants regarding serum levels of the soluble adhesion molecules such as E-selectin, soluble intracellular cell adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM-1), and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule one (sVCAM-1), as well as other biochemical markers. Read More

Reprod Toxicol 2018 Aug 18;79:84-88. Epub 2018 Jun 18.

Motherisk Israel, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel; The Hebrew University, Israel.

Hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) is characterized by severe gestational nausea and vomiting, leading to dehydration, electrolyte imbalance and nutritional deficits. HG adversely affects the health and wellbeing of the woman. However, the detrimental impact of HG on fetal brain development has not been addressed. Read More

Pregnancy Hypertens 2018 Apr 11;12:129-135. Epub 2018 Apr 11.

Division for Mental and Physical Health, National Institute of Public Health, 0403 Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway.

Objective: To assess midlife cardiovascular risk profiles in women with a history of hyperemesis or hypertensive disorders in pregnancy compared to women with none of the studied pregnancy complications.

Study Design: Population-based study. Cardiovascular risk factors at the age of 40-45 among women with previous singleton births only were studied through linkage of the Norwegian Birth Registry and a Norwegian screening program (the Age 40 Program). Read More

Endocrinology 2018 07;159(7):2698-2700

Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio.

J Obstet Gynaecol Can 2018 Jul 10;40(7):910-918. Epub 2018 May 10.

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Lois Hole Hospital for Women, Edmonton, AB; Women and Children's Health Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB. Electronic address:

Objective: Ondansetron, not approved for use in pregnancy, is increasingly being prescribed for nausea and vomiting in pregnancy and hyperemesis gravidarum. A number of recent lawsuits have highlighted the possibility that ondansetron may cause congenital malformations. The aim of this study was to systematically review epidemiological evidence on the potential association of prenatal exposure to ondansetron and congenital malformations. Read More

Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2018 Jun 24;225:221-227. Epub 2018 Apr 24.

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Etlik Zubeyde Hanim Maternity and Women's Health Teaching and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey.

Objective: The association between serum betatrophin levels and hyperemesis gravidarum (HEG) remains unknown. The aim of this study was to determine and understand the alterations in serum betatrophin levels in pregnancies complicated by HEG compared with unaffected normal pregnancies.

Study Design: A cohort study was carried out to evaluate serum betatrophin levels in patients with HEG. Read More

Clin Case Rep 2018 May 8;6(5):802-804. Epub 2018 Mar 8.

Department of Medicine United Bulawayo Hospitals 2 St Lukes Road, Ascot Bulawayo Zimbabwe.

We report two cases of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (WKS) secondary to hyperemesis gravidarum. Oral thiamine was administered (intravenous unavailable locally). However, both the patient's condition improved in the first 48 h and progressively over a month. Read More

BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2018 May 4;18(1):133. Epub 2018 May 4.

Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Box 116, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.

Background: Low birth weight has important short- and long-term health implications. Previously it has been shown that pregnancies affected by hyperemesis gravidarum in the mother are at higher risk of having low birth weight offspring. In this study we tested whether such risks are also evident with less severe nausea and vomiting in pregnancy. Read More

BJOG 2018 Nov 2;125(12):1514-1521. Epub 2018 Jul 2.

Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

Background: Hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) is a common cause of hospital admission in early pregnancy. There is no international consensus on the definition of HG, or on outcomes that should be reported in trials. Consistency in definition and outcome reporting is important for the interpretation and synthesis of data in meta-analyses. Read More

Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2018 Jun 22;225:113-117. Epub 2018 Apr 22.

Leon and Matilda Recanati School for Community Health Professions, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel.

Objective: Hyperemesis Gravidarum (HG) can have adverse effects on pregnant women's quality of life and is the main cause for hospitalization in the first half of the pregnancy. Between 19%-30% of the women admitted to hospital return for a second hospitalization during their pregnancy. These hospitalizations create a burden on the health system and are associated with high health care costs. Read More

J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2018 Jul 24;44(7):1308-1312. Epub 2018 Apr 24.

Elixir Fertility Centre, New Delhi, India.

Hyperemesis gravidarum is persistent vomiting, seen more often in the first trimester of pregnancy, when the patient is unable to maintain adequate hydration. Intractable vomiting can lead to severe electrolyte imbalance, which may cause electrocardiogram abnormalities. Occasionally, ventricular tachycardia can complicate a pregnancy. Read More

Am J Ther 2018 Nov/Dec;25(6):e689-e690

Department of Psychiatry, Meram Faculty of Medicine, University of Necmettin Erbakan, Konya, Turkey.

Clin Nutr ESPEN 2018 Apr 22;24:174-175. Epub 2018 Mar 22.

Laboratory of Hygiene, Department of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece.

Postepy Dermatol Alergol 2018 Feb 20;35(1):90-92. Epub 2018 Feb 20.

Department of Allergology, Clinical Immunology and Internal Diseases, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland.

Introductions: The efficiency of venom immunotherapy (VIT) has been well documented by many studies. However, the most important for VIT is safety, particularly for a pregnant woman and a fetus.

Aim: To establish the influence of continuation of VIT on pregnant women and offspring. Read More