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Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2018 Dec 4. Epub 2018 Dec 4.

Gynecology and Obstetrics Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.

Introduction: Benign and precancerous endometrial hyperplasias (EH) are differentiated according to two alternative histomorphologic classifications: World Health Organization (WHO) or Endometrial Intraepithelial Neoplasia (EIN) system. 2018 European Society of Gynaecological Oncology (ESGO) guidelines recommends paired box 2 protein (PAX2) immunohistochemistry to identify precancerous EH. However, methods for interpreting immunostaining and diagnostic accuracy are not defined, and the role of PAX2 in endometrial carcinogenesis is unclear. Read More

Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2018 Feb;47(4):344-350

Department of Reproductive Genetics, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310006, China.

Objective: To investigate the expression of claudin 4 (CLDN4) in cervical tissues from patients with different cervical lesions, and to explore the value of combined detection of CLDN4 and high risk human papilloma virus (HR-HPV).

Methods: The cervical tissue specimens of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL, =30), high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL, =30), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC, =30) as well as chronic cervicitis (control, =30) were collected from the Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital of Zhejiang University during June 2015 and December 2016. The expression of CLDN4 protein in tissue specimens was detected by immunohistochemistry, HR-HPV was detected by real-time quantitative PCR, and the cervical exfoliated cells were examined by thinprep cytologic test (TCT). Read More

BMC Cancer 2018 Dec 3;18(1):1197. Epub 2018 Dec 3.

MVZ CytoMol, Berner Str. 76, Frankfurt, Germany.

Background: A change of cervical cancer screening algorithms to an HPV-based screening setting is discussed in many countries, due to higher sensitivity of HPV testing compared to cytology. Reliable triage methods are, however, an essential prerequisite in such a setting to avoid overtreatment and higher screening costs.

Results: In this study, a series of cervical scrapes collected in PreservCyt liquid-based cytology (LBC) medium from women with cervical cancer (n = 5), cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 1-3 (n = 74), and normal cytology (n = 201; further n = 352 collected in SureThin®) were assessed for methylation of the marker regions ASTN1, DLX1, ITGA4, RXFP3, SOX17, and ZNF671 using the GynTect assay and compared to cobas® HPV and CINtec Plus® biomarker results. Read More

Scand J Gastroenterol 2018 Dec 3:1-7. Epub 2018 Dec 3.

a Department of Surgery, Clinical Sciences Lund , Skåne University Hospital, Lund University , Lund , Sweden.

Objective: Glycoproteomics is an emerging subfield of proteomics. Tumor-specific variations in protein glycosylation might be potential targets for the development of new cancer diagnostics. Here, we performed high-throughput screening and targeted verification of glycome alterations in serum samples from patients with pancreatic cancer and the precancerous lesion intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN). Read More

Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2018 Nov 30:1-11. Epub 2018 Nov 30.

a Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene , School of Public Health, Southeast University , Nanjing , P.R. China.

The goal of this study was to find the relationship between dietary nitrite and risk of esophageal cancer, and determine the amount of nitrite intake to establish the oral highest daily intake to prevent the occurrence of esophageal cancer. Duplicate portions of three-consecutive-day diets were collected from 100 patients with esophageal precancerous lesions and 100 controls. The average nitrite daily intakes for esophageal precancerous lesions and normal people were 15. Read More

J Cytol 2018 Oct-Dec;35(4):233-236

Department of Dentistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences(AIIMS), Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to provide a quantitative evaluation of oral mucosal micronuclei (MN) frequency as a biomarker for oral cancer susceptibility in carcinogenesis progression.

Methods: 60 patients were included in the study. 30 patients with biopsy proven epithelial dysplasia (ED, 15) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC, 15) comprised the study group and 30 patients with normal buccal mucosa, reporting for minor surgical procedures formed the controls. Read More

Curr Opin Gastroenterol 2019 Jan;35(1):51-57

Department of Internal Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, USA.

Purpose Of Review: Colonoscopy is recognizably, the best colon cancer prevention test, provided the quality of the preparation is adequate for detection of precancerous polyps but also allowing for accurate identification of margins, thereby facilitating complete endoscopic resection. As there are many aspects effecting colon prep outcomes, it is timely to review new standards for optimizing outcomes, including product selection based on patient demographics.

Recent Findings: New national guidelines have set a minimum quality threshold for adequacy and also defined a split day delivery for oral options as the "standard of care". Read More

BMC Cancer 2018 Nov 29;18(1):1182. Epub 2018 Nov 29.

Department of Gynecology, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, 521 Xing Nan Road, Guangzhou, 511400, Guangdong Province, China.

Background: To explore the diagnostic value of FAM19A4 methylation in high-risk human papilloma virus (hrHPV)-positive cervical samples from Chinese women for estimating cervical cancer or its precancerous lesions.

Methods: Cervical samples from 215 women infected with high-risk HPV were collected by smear testing. We purposely chose 61 patients with cervical cancer, 57 with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL), 31 with low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL), and 66 without cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) after histological confirmation. Read More

Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi 2018 Dec;57(12):907-911

Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.

To compare the diagnostic value of the old "ABC" method [serum pepsinogen(PG) combined with (Hp) IgG antibody] and the new "ABC" method [serum pepsinogen plus gastrin-17(G-17)] in screening gastric cancer and its precancerous condition. Serum PG, G-17 and Hp-IgG were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 278 subjects. Subjects were grouped according to the criteria of two methods. Read More

Front Immunol 2018 12;9:2478. Epub 2018 Nov 12.

Department of Parasitology, Center of Research Excellence on Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Faculty of Medicine SIriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a viral infection with skin-to-skin based transmission mode. HPV annually caused over 500,000 cancer cases including cervical, anogenital and oropharyngeal cancer among others. HPV vaccination has become a public-health concern, worldwide, to prevent the cases of HPV infections including precancerous lesions, cervical cancers, and genital warts especially in adolescent female and male population by launching national programs with international alliances. Read More

J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2018 Nov 27;37(1):290. Epub 2018 Nov 27.

Department of Medical Genetics, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of liver cancer with increasing incidence and poor prognosis. Ubiquitination regulators are reported to play crucial roles in HCC carcinogenesis. UBE2D1, one of family member of E2 ubiquitin conjugating enzyme, mediates the ubiquitination and degradation of tumor suppressor protein p53. Read More

Klin Khir 2016 Oct(10):5-8

Incidence of cancer recti (CR)in Ukraine constitutes 38 in 100 thousands of population. There are two main trends in surgical treatment of precancerous states and early stage CR: radical rectal resection and local transanal excision of the affection zone. After a single—port procedure introduction into laparoscopic surgery the alternative method of rectal tumors resection have had evolved — a transanal minimally invasive surgery with single—port (TAMIS). Read More

PLoS One 2018 27;13(11):e0207848. Epub 2018 Nov 27.

Medial Early Sign, Kfar Malal, Israel.

Adenomatous polyps are a common precursor lesion for colorectal cancer. ColonFlag is a machine- learning-based algorithm that uses basic patient information and complete blood cell counts (CBC) to identify individuals at elevated risk of colorectal cancer for intensified screening. The purpose of this study was to determine whether ColonFlag is also able to predict the presence of high risk adenomatous polyps at colonoscopy. Read More

Oncotarget 2018 Nov 2;9(86):35666-35675. Epub 2018 Nov 2.

Department of Thoracic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA.

Mucin 1 (MUC1) is a cell membrane glycoprotein overexpressed in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and has been implicated in carcinogenesis of premalignant lung lesions. Thus, MUC1 has been a target of interest for vaccine strategies for lung cancer treatment and prevention. Here, we assessed MUC1 expression by immunohistochemistry using tumor samples from patients with biopsy-proven NSCLC. Read More

Protein Cell 2018 Nov 26. Epub 2018 Nov 26.

MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and TCM-X center/Bioinformatics Division, BNRist/Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.

The development of gastritis is associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer. Current invasive gastritis diagnostic methods are not suitable for monitoring progress. In this work based on 78 gastritis patients and 50 healthy individuals, we observed that the variation of tongue-coating microbiota was associated with the occurrence and development of gastritis. Read More

Pathol Res Pract 2018 Dec 23;214(12):1929-1939. Epub 2018 Oct 23.

Guangdong Province Engineering Technology Research Institute of T.C.M., Guangzhou 510095, China.

Gastric intestinal metaplasia is a precursor for gastric dysplasia, which is in turn, a risk factor for gastric adenocarcinoma. Gastric metaplasia and dysplasia are known as gastric precancerous lesions (GPLs), which are essential stages in the progression from normal gastric mucosa to gastric cancer (GC) or gastric adenocarcinoma. Genetically-engineered mice have become essential tools in various aspects of GC research, including mechanistic studies and drug discovery. Read More

BMC Cancer 2018 Nov 23;18(1):1162. Epub 2018 Nov 23.

Department of Gynecology, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region Peoples Hospital, No 91 Tianqi Road, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830001, China.

Background: Cervical cancer is the most common genital malignant tumor in women worldwide. However, the reliability of different detection methods may vary according to populations and epidemics. This study analyzed factors relevant to high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) infection among rural Uyghur women aged > 30 years and evaluated the value of different screening methods for cervical precancerous lesions. Read More

Front Med (Lausanne) 2018 8;5:312. Epub 2018 Nov 8.

Hospital Pathology Associates, Minneapolis, MN, United States.

Postpolypectomy bleeding and incomplete polyp removal are important complication and quality concerns of colonoscopy for colon cancer prevention. We investigated if endoscopic mucosal stripping (EMS) as a technical modification of traditional cold snare polypectomy to avoid submucosal injury during removal of non-pedunculated colon polyps could prevent postpolypectomy bleeding and facilitate complete polyp removal. This is an Internal Review Board exemption-granted retrospective analysis of 5,142 colonoscopies with snare polypectomy performed by one of the authors (ZJC) at Minnesota Gastroenterology ambulatory endoscopy centers during a 12-year period divided into pre-EMS era (2005-2012, = 2,973) and EMS era (2013-2016, = 2169) with systemic adoption of EMS starting 2013. Read More

Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2018 Nov 21. Epub 2018 Nov 21.

Department of Epidemiology, Jinan University

Persistent high-risk HPV infection is considered as a major cause of cervical cancer. Nevertheless, only some infected individuals actually develop cervical cancer. The RIG-I pathway in innate immunity plays an important role in antivirus response. Read More

Harefuah 2018 Nov;157(11):704-706

Maccabi Health Services, Israel.

Nutr Cancer 2018 Nov 17:1-13. Epub 2018 Nov 17.

a Cátedra B de Anatomía, Facultad de Odontología , Universidad Nacional de Córdoba , Córdoba , Argentina.

Oral mucosa is site of inflammatory process development. When they are chronic, they provide a microenvironment based on cytokines and inflammatory mediators that contribute to cancer initiation, progression, invasion, and metastasis. Certain dietary fatty acids (FAs) have immunomodulatory, inflammatory, and antiinflammatory effects. Read More

Syst Rev 2018 Nov 17;7(1):198. Epub 2018 Nov 17.

School of Health Systems and Public Health, Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of Pretoria, 5-10 H.W. Snyman Building, Pretoria, South Africa.

Background: There is scanty or inconclusive evidence on which cervical cancer screening tool is effective and suitable for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive women. The aim of this review was to assess, synthesise and document published evidence relating to the available cervical cancer screening modalities for HIV-seropositive women in developing countries. This paper did not review the issue of human papillomavirus (HPV) prophylactic vaccine on HIV-seropositive women. Read More

Cancer Lett 2018 Nov 14;442:333-340. Epub 2018 Nov 14.

The Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA; Department of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA; Pancreas Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA. Electronic address:

HHLA2 is a newly identified member of the B7 immune checkpoint family, but its function and crosstalk with immune cells is not fully understood. To gain insights into the HHLA2 expression profile and to determine the clinical significance and function of HHLA2 in pancreatic cancer, we performed immunohistochemistry (IHC) analyses on tissue microarrays (TMAs) of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC, n = 92) with matched peritumoral tissues as well as in cohorts of precancerous lesions: pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN). We found that HHLA2 was rarely detected in normal acinar, islet, and ductal cells but widely expressed from early pancreatic precancerous lesions to invasive PDAC. Read More

Carcinogenesis 2018 Nov 16. Epub 2018 Nov 16.

Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.

Metformin is a widely used anti-diabetic drug for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Recently, epidemiological studies demonstrate that metformin has anti-cancer effects on esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and other cancers. However, the effects and potential mechanisms of metformin on ESCC remain elusive. Read More

Front Cell Dev Biol 2018 31;6:138. Epub 2018 Oct 31.

Division of Biosciences, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom.

A marked increase in the rate of glycolysis is a key event in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the main type of primary liver cancer. Liver cirrhosis is considered to be a key player in HCC pathogenesis as it precedes HCC in up to 90% of patients. Intriguingly, the biochemical events that underlie the progression of cirrhosis to HCC are not well understood. Read More

South Asian J Cancer 2018 Oct-Dec;7(4):244-248

Malabar Cancer Centre, Kannur, Kerala, India.

Background: Oral cancer is a major public health challenge, and about one-fifth of all oral cancer cases reported globally are from India. In spite of the potential for early detection by simple visual examination, the majority of patients report in later stages of the disease, especially in low and middle-income countries. We report the results from a district level population-based oral cancer screening program. Read More

Biosci Rep 2018 Nov 14. Epub 2018 Nov 14.

Affiliated Hospital of Taishan Medical University, Tai'an, China.

Background: Yanghe Huayan Decoction (YHD), a traditional Chinese medicine, is one of the most common complementary medicine currently used in the treatment of breast cancer. It has been recently linked to suppressing precancerous lesion and tumor development. The current study sought to explore the role of Yanghe Huayan Decoction on trans-endothelium and angiogenesis of breast cancer. Read More

G Ital Dermatol Venereol 2018 Nov 9. Epub 2018 Nov 9.

Dermatology and Venereology Department, General Hospital, Alessandria, Italy -

Background: Actinic keratosis (AK), a hyperkeratotic lesion induced by solar exposure, is the precancerous lesion that most frequently develops into squamous cell carcinoma. Cryotherapy, topical fluorouracil 5, topical diclofenac 3% gel and, more recently, ingenol mebutate are used in addition to surgery. However, these treatments have varying degrees of effectiveness and are not always tolerated due to side effects. Read More

Br J Cancer 2018 Nov 14;119(11):1374-1382. Epub 2018 Nov 14.

Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.

Background: Despite evidence that inflammation and metabolism play a crucial role in colorectal carcinogenesis, there have been few studies on the association of inflammatory and metabolic protein biomarkers in various stages of colorectal carcinogenesis.

Methods: Ninety-two inflammatory and metabolic biomarkers were measured in plasma samples of participants of screening colonoscopy. Markers identified to be significantly associated with the presence of advanced colorectal neoplasia (ACN) in a discovery set (n = 204) were validated in an independent replication set (n = 422). Read More

Oxid Med Cell Longev 2018 21;2018:9480316. Epub 2018 Oct 21.

Department of Oncology, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 Mohe Road, Shanghai 201999, China.

Gastric cancer, as a malignant epithelial tumor, is a major health threat leading to poor overall survival and death. It is usually diagnosed at an advanced stage due to asymptomatic or only nonspecific early symptoms. The present study demonstrated that gankyrin contributes to the early malignant transformation of gastric cancer and can be selected to predict the risk of gastric cancer in those patients harboring the precancerous lesions (dysplasia and intestinal metaplasia). Read More

Expert Rev Vaccines 2018 Nov 10:1-12. Epub 2018 Nov 10.

a Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics , Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam , Amsterdam , Netherlands.

Introduction: Girls-only vaccination against human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 and 18 was implemented in the Netherlands in 2009. Despite the evidence of the efficacy against precancerous lesions, cross-protection induced by the vaccine and a greater potential for cancer prevention than cervical cancer only, vaccine coverage in the girls-only program has remained below target levels. Areas covered: In this paper, we review the literature from the Netherlands on the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of HPV vaccination since vaccine introduction, give an account of the coverage, safety and effectiveness of HPV vaccination as has been reported in the Dutch surveillance program and discuss challenges of the current HPV vaccination program. Read More

Vestn Otorinolaringol 2018 ;83(5):45-48

Research and Clinical Department of the Diseases of Upper Respiratory Tracts, Research and Clinical Centre of Otorhinolaryngology, Russian Federal Medico-Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia.

This article deals with the endolaryngeal methods for the surgical treatment of pre-cancerous diseases of the larynx with the use of up-to-date technologies and anesthetic support. The authors describe the original methods for endolaryngeal interventions based on the use of the CO-laser. In addition, the results of the analysis of the data obtained during the immediate and delayed postoperative periods are presented. Read More

J Biomed Opt 2018 Nov;24(5):1-10

National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Department of Stomatology, Division of Oral and Maxillofaci, Taiwan.

We created a two-channel autofluorescence test to detect oral cancer. The wavelengths 375 and 460 nm, with filters of 479 and 525 nm, were designed to excite and detect reduced-form nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) autofluorescence. Patients with oral cancer or with precancerous lesions, and a control group with healthy oral mucosae, were enrolled. Read More

J Cancer 2018 10;9(21):3886-3893. Epub 2018 Oct 10.

Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.

To date, few studies have explored the effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) in uterine cervical cancer. Therefore, we conducted this study to investigate the involvement of RAGE SNPs in cervical cancer. In total, 117 patients with cervical invasive cancer, 84 with precancerous lesions, and 320 normal women were recruited consecutively. Read More

Ann Transplant 2018 Nov 9;23:782-788. Epub 2018 Nov 9.

Department of Nephrology, Transplantology, and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland.

BACKGROUND Screening colonoscopy is not obligatory in kidney pre-transplant work-up guidelines. According to recommendations, only transplant recipients over age 50 years should be screened. The aim of this study was to characterize endoscopic findings revealed as part of pre-transplant work-up. Read More

Cancer Res 2018 Nov 6. Epub 2018 Nov 6.

Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine

There are distinct cell subpopulations in normal epithelial tissue, including stem cells, progenitor cells, and more differentiated cells, all of which have been extensively studied for their susceptibility to tumorigenesis. However, normal cells usually have to progress through a precancerous lesion state before becoming a full-blown tumor. Precancerous early lesions are heterogeneous, and the cell subset that is the primary source of the eventual tumor remains largely unknown. Read More

Korean J Intern Med 2018 Nov 7. Epub 2018 Nov 7.

Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea.

Background/aims: The relationship between the serum pepsinogen (sPG) level and changes in gastric mucosa has been well studied. Here, we evaluated the usefulness of sPG (I, II, I/II ratio) and intragastric pH as a biomarker of severe gastric atrophy in gastric neoplastic lesions.

Methods: A total of 186 consecutive Korean patients with gastric neoplastic lesions underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) in this study. Read More

Invest Radiol 2018 Nov 2. Epub 2018 Nov 2.

From the Department of Radiology, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to determine the quantitative T2 values in prostate tissue and evaluate them for detection and grading of prostate cancer.

Materials And Methods: After approval from the local ethics committee, morphological T2-weighted (T2w) images, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps from diffusion-weighted images, quantitative T2 maps, and calculated T2w images from 75 men (median age, 66.3 years; median PSA, 8. Read More

J Carcinog Mutagen 2018 11;9(2). Epub 2018 Sep 11.

Department of Medicine, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Dr. SW Atlanta, GA 30310-1495, USA.

Objective: Colorectal cancer (CRC) develops from precancerous adenomatous polyps to malignant lesions of adenocarcinoma. Elucidating inhibition mechanisms for this route in patients with a risk of developing CRC is highly important for a potential diagnostic or prognostic marker. Differential expression of nuclear-encoded cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 (COXIV) seems to contribute to a more unregulated respiration due to loss of ATP inhibition. Read More

Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi 2018 Oct;40(10):764-771

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China.

To evaluate the actual efficacy of cervical cancer and precancerous lesions screening approaches in real-world regions with different economic levels in China. The demonstrative application and effect evaluation of cervical cancer screening program were conducted in 21 hospitals nationwide from 2015 to 2018. Multi-stage sampling method was adopted to divide the country into 7 large areas according to geographical location. Read More

Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi 2018 Oct;40(10):724-728

Department of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China.

Prophylactic HPV vaccine was a milestone in the prevention and control of HPV-related diseases, especially cervical cancer. The first HPV vaccine has been marketed in the world for more than 10 years. The follow-up study of HPV vaccine clinical trials further confirms the effectiveness and safety. Read More

Mutat Res 2018 Dec 8;836(Pt A):98-103. Epub 2018 Jun 8.

School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT, Vellore, India; Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Applied Zoology, Mangalore University, Mangalore, India. Electronic address:

One hundred and fifteen cases [Down Syndrome (DS) n = 75, Multiple Congenital Anomalies (MCA) n = 15 and Aplastic Anaemia (AA) n = 25], with respect to their nature of predisposition to cancer, were selected for clinical, cytogenetic and cyto-molecular studies to understand the severity of genomic instability according to the nature of the different diseases. Cytogenetic studies included chromosomal aberration (CA) assays and cytokinesis block micronucleus cytome (CBMN-Cyt) assays. In DS, MCA and AA, average frequencies of nuclear anomalies (NA) were 0. Read More

Int J Gynecol Pathol 2018 Oct 31. Epub 2018 Oct 31.

Departments of Pathology (E.L., H.C., K.M., D.H.C., G.R.C., L.L., S.H., J.T., W.Z.) Obstetrics and Gynecology (J.L., D.S.M., W.Z.) Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center (E.L., D.H.C, J.L., D.S.M., W.Z.), UTSW Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.

Screening for Lynch syndrome (LS) is routinely performed in patients with endometrial carcinoma. Currently, no screening recommendations exist for LS in precancerous lesions. The study goal was to determine the incidence of abnormal protein expression in endometrioid intraepithelial neoplasia/atypical hyperplasia (EIN/AH). Read More

Vet Pathol 2018 Oct 31:300985818808526. Epub 2018 Oct 31.

2 Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Translational Pathology Shared Resource, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.

There is a growing need to quantitate or "score" lesions in mouse models of human disease, for correlation with human disease and to establish their clinical relevance. Several standard semiquantitative scoring schemes have been adapted for nonneoplastic lesions; similarly, the pathologist must carefully select an approach to score mouse models of cancer. Genetically engineered mouse models with a continuum of precancerous and cancerous lesions and xenogeneic models of various derivations present unique challenges for the pathologist. Read More

Methods Mol Biol 2019 ;1882:299-308

Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.

Acinar-to-ductal metaplasia (ADM) of the pancreas is a process that pancreatic acinar cells differentiate into ductal-like cells with ductal cell traits. The metaplasia of pancreatic acinar cells manifests their ability to adapt to the genetic and environmental pressure they encounter. However, with oncogenic genetic insults and/or sustained environmental stress, ADM may lead to pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN), which is a common precancerous lesion that precedes pancreatic cancer. Read More

Methods Mol Biol 2019 ;1882:287-297

Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.

Pancreatitis is a major risk factor for the development of pancreatic cancer. In genetically engineered mouse models, induction of pancreatic inflammation dramatically accelerates oncogenic KRas-induced fibrosis, precancerous PanIN formation, and tumorigenesis. Here we describe simple methods of secretagogue-induced experimental acute and chronic pancreatitis, the most commonly used pancreatitis models, and their applications in pancreatic cancer research. Read More

Zhonghua Wei Chang Wai Ke Za Zhi 2018 Oct;21(10):1196-1200

Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal and Anal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130031, China.

Epidemiological studies in recent years have found that the incidence of gastric signet ring cell carcinoma (SRCC) has increased significantly. In this paper, we first reviewed cell origin and biomarkers of SRCC, and the relationship between SRCC and various pathological types of gastric cancer. The early diagnosis rate of gastric SRCC is low, which may be due to the unclear mechanism of pathology and precancerous lesions. Read More

World J Gastrointest Oncol 2018 Oct;10(10):317-327

Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Section of Pathology, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy.

Pancreatic cancer is a lethal malignancy, whose precursor lesions are pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasm, intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm, intraductal tubulopapillary neoplasm, and mucinous cystic neoplasm. To better understand the biology of pancreatic cancer, it is fundamental to know its precursors and to study the mechanisms of carcinogenesis. Each of these precursors displays peculiar histological features, as well as specific molecular alterations. Read More

Gynecol Oncol Rep 2018 Nov 6;26:71-74. Epub 2018 Oct 6.

Western Connecticut Health Network, USA.

In this study, women at risk for BRCA were surveyed to understand their choice of prophylactic surgery and associated risk of uterine cancers. The study was conducted as an anonymous online web-based survey that assessed personal and family histories and choice of prophylactic surgery. Respondents were targeted through social media groups that bring awareness to hereditary breast and ovarian cancer. Read More

Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2019 Jan 2;144(1):85-89. Epub 2018 Nov 2.

School of Graduate Studies and School of Nursing, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MI, USA.

Objective: To determine the effectiveness of using glacial acetic acid (GAA) to convert unsatisfactory bloody ThinPrep (TP) cervical smear test to satisfactory, and identify associated missed diagnoses and high-risk HPV (hrHPV) genotypes.

Methods: In a retrospective descriptive cross-sectional analysis, all TP tests performed in Mississippi, USA, 2012-2016, were evaluated for unsatisfactory results owing to blood. Tests that were converted to satisfactory by GAA treatment, and corresponding anomalies and HPV genotypes were identified. Read More