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Int J Surg Case Rep 2021 Jun 11;84:106063. Epub 2021 Jun 11.

Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, Meiho University, Taiwan. Electronic address:

Introduction: Gout is a metabolic disease secondary to an increased body pool of urate with hyperuricemia. Gout typically affects the peripheral joints and rarely involves the intra-spinal area.

Case Presentation: A 43-year-old man, who had metabolic syndrome s/p bariatric surgery and gout suffered from severe left low back pain with radiation to the lateral side of his left thigh and anterior side of his left leg for more than 7 days. Read More

World J Clin Cases 2021 Jun;9(16):4072-4080

Department of Neurosurgery, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon 24341, Gangwon, South Korea.

Background: Spinal epidural abscess (SEA) is a rare condition that mostly results from infection with either bacteria or tuberculosis. However, coinfection with bacteria and tuberculosis is extremely rare, and it results in delays in diagnosis and antimicrobial treatment causing unfavorable outcomes.

Case Summary: A 75-year-old female visited the hospital with low back pain, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed an SEA at the lumbosacral segment. Read More

Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2021 Jun 28;66:102421. Epub 2021 May 28.

North Manchester General Hospital MFT, United Kingdom.

Introduction: Spinal tuberculosis is a chronic destructive disease with long-term morbidity. Patients are usually young especially from a poor socioeconomic background. Destruction of the intervertebral disk space and the adjacent vertebral bodies is the characteristic lesion. Read More

J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2021 Jun 6;16(3):470-475. Epub 2021 Feb 6.

Department of Infectious Diseases, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Karnataka, India.

Infections that affect the intervertebral discs and vertebrae are known as spondylodiscitis. Such infections are commonly caused by pyogenic organisms, particularly and hematogenous spread is the most common route. Non-pyogenic infections include and Brucellosis. Read More

Dis Markers 2021 29;2021:6640254. Epub 2021 May 29.

Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.

Objective: Spinal tuberculosis (TB) misdiagnosed of spinal metastasis was not rarely reported, especially in outpatients department. This study was aimed to establish an outpatient scoring system to preliminarily distinguish spinal metastasis from spinal TB.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed consecutive 141 patients with a pathological diagnosis of spinal metastasis (82 cases) or spinal TB (59 cases) in our hospital from January 2017 to June 2018. Read More

Med Sci Monit 2021 Jun 17;27:e932284. Epub 2021 Jun 17.

Department of Spinal Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China (mainland).

BACKGROUND The L1-2 vertebral segment is the most common site of spinal tuberculosis. Traditional thoracoabdominal surgery in this segment risks trauma and complications. This study analyzed the surgical efficacy of the subdiaphragmatic extraperitoneal approach in the treatment of L1-2 spinal tuberculosis. Read More

BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2021 Jun 14;22(1):542. Epub 2021 Jun 14.

Osmaniye State Hospital Pathology Department, Akyar Central Location Hospital Street Center, 80010, Osmaniye, Turkey.

Background: The aim of our study was to describe musculoskeletal system tuberculosis (TB) as a single-center experience.

Methods: This is a retrospective observational study conducted at a TB Dispensary in the east Mediterranean part of Turkey between 2004 and 2020. The clinical and demographic characteristics including age, gender, involvement location and duration of illness, presenting complaint, local examination findings, treatment outcome were retrieved and analyzed from the case files. Read More

Indian J Orthop 2021 May 25;55(Suppl 1):157-166. Epub 2021 Jan 25.

National Institute of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases, Sri Aurobindo Marg, New Delhi, Delhi 110030 India.

Background: There is a paucity of data on the role of molecular methods in the diagnosis of osteoarticular tuberculosis. The present study was conducted to define the role of molecular (CBNAAT, LPA), phenotypic (AFB smear and culture) and histopathological evaluation in the diagnosis of osteoarticular TB.

Methods: Seventy-seven consecutive cases of osteoarticular tuberculosis were grouped into presumptive TB cases (group A) and presumptive drug-resistant cases (group B). Read More

Infect Dis Ther 2021 Jun 13. Epub 2021 Jun 13.

Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Key Laboratory for Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Institute, Beiguan St #9, Beijing, 101149, China.

Introduction: A trade-off between successful surgery and minimizing the operation delay for patients with spinal tuberculosis (TB) is a major consideration to determine the duration of preoperational anti-TB treatment (AAT). In this study, 2 and 4 weeks preoperative AAT durations were compared for their influence on the operation outcomes.

Method: A multicenter, prospective, randomized trial was conducted in four hospitals in China. Read More

Spine J 2021 Jun 8. Epub 2021 Jun 8.

Paediatric TB Clinic, Bai Jerbai Wadia Hospital for Children, Mumbai, India. Electronic address:

Background Context: The emergence of drug resistance has complicated the management of spinal tuberculosis (TB). While it is well known that the medical management of drug-resistant spinal TB is more difficult, the surgical outcomes of the same have not been studied sufficiently, particularly in children.

Purpose: To analyze the surgical outcomes in a cohort of children treated for spinal TB, and to thus assess whether drug resistant (DR) disease is associated with poorer surgical outcomes. Read More

J Vis Exp 2021 May 23(171). Epub 2021 May 23.

Department of Spine Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University;

Brucellar spondylodiscitis (BS) is the most prevalent and significant osteoarticular presentation of human Brucellosis, which is commonly manifested in pastoral communities. It is difficult to differentially diagnose and usually leads to irreversible neurologic deficits and spinal deformities. The initial diagnosis of BS is based on clinical findings and radiographic assessments, and the confirmed diagnosis should be established by the isolation of Brucella species from the blood and/or the standard tube agglutination test. Read More

PLoS One 2021 4;16(6):e0253035. Epub 2021 Jun 4.

Surg Neurol Int 2021 19;12:178. Epub 2021 Apr 19.

Department of Spine Services, Indian Spinal Injuries Centre, New Delhi, India.

Background: A definitive diagnosis of spinal tuberculosis (TB) remains challenging. The "gold standard" is to obtain histopathological confirmation of the lesion. This analysis highlights how to avoid missing the diagnosis of an extramedullary myeloid sarcoma (EMS) versus TB. Read More

J Med Case Rep 2021 Jun 4;15(1):301. Epub 2021 Jun 4.

Department of Bone Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518000, China.

Background: Intercostal neuralgia is most common in patients with herpes zoster, but it might be the initial symptom of serious diseases, such as atraumatic spinal fracture, which may lead to serious consequences if not diagnosed and treated early. Severe intercostal neuralgia is rarely reported as the first symptom of ankylosing spondylitis with atraumatic vertebral fractures.

Case Presentation: A 70-year-old Chinese Han man previously diagnosed with ankylosing spondylitis presented to the hospital with intense intercostal pain without trauma. Read More

Orthop Surg 2021 May 27. Epub 2021 May 27.

Affiliated Hangzhou Chest Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.

Objective: To explore the value of multi-mode neuroelectrophysiological monitoring (MIOM) in evaluating spinal cord and nerve root function in the treatment of thoracic tuberculosis via costal transverse process approach.

Methods: From December 2017 to September 2019, a retrospective study of thoracic tuberculosis patients in our hospital was conducted. This study included 25 patients (14 men and 11 women). Read More

J Family Med Prim Care 2021 Feb 27;10(2):1057-1060. Epub 2021 Feb 27.

Professor, Department of Neuromedicine, Bangur Institute of Neurosciences (BIN), Kolkata, West Bengal, India.

Albeit, all forms of tuberculosis (TB) are endemic in India, spinal intramedullary TB and tubercular longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (LETM) is deemed extremely rare. With recent advances in the field of neurology, autoimmune astrocytopathy (neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders, NMOSD), myelin-oligodendrocyte glycoprotein associated encephalomyelitis (MOG-EM), metabolic myelopathy, connective tissue diseases and viral infections have gained considerable focus in the list of differentials of LETM whereas tubercular association is often forgotten. This report presents a rare case of acute transverse myelopathy which unveiled previously undiagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis in an adult rural Indian male. Read More

J Family Med Prim Care 2021 Feb 27;10(2):1044-1046. Epub 2021 Feb 27.

Department of Neurology, North Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health and Medical Sciences (NEIGRIHMS), Mawdiangdiang, Shillong, Meghalaya, India.

Though tuberculosis is commonly seen in India, uncommon manifestations like peripheral gangrene is also a possibility. Here we present a case of spinal tuberculosis, with peripheral gangrene. Read More

Cir Cir 2021 ;89(3):295-302

Servicio de Ortopedia y Traumatología, Hospital Universitario Dr. José Eleuterio González, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México.

Objetivo: Comparar la eficiencia de las cuatro técnicas quirúrgicas más utilizadas para el manejo de la espondilitis tuberculosa.

MÉtodo: Estudio retrospectivo en el que se incluyeron pacientes adultos con diagnóstico confirmado de espondilitis tuberculosa, afectación de dos niveles vertebrales o menos y sin deformidad vertebral grave. Se recopilaron y revisaron los expedientes médicos, los estudios de imagen y los datos demográficos de los pacientes intervenidos para analizar retrospectivamente los resultados clínicos y funcionales de cada grupo. Read More

Infect Drug Resist 2021 14;14:1781-1794. Epub 2021 May 14.

Department of Orthopeadics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Province, People's Republic of China.

Purpose: Spinal tuberculosis has been a common clinical extrapulmonary tuberculosis in recent years. The general anti-tuberculosis drug treatment cycle is long, with unsatisfactory efficacy. This study focused on the preparation and evaluation of rifapentine polylactic acid sustained-release microsphere complex for spinal tuberculosis therapy. Read More

Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2021 May 22. Epub 2021 May 22.

Department of Orthopedic, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, 710068, Shaanxi, China.

Purpose: To compare the efficacy of single anterior and single posterior approach of debridement, interbody fusion, and fixation for the treatment of mono-segment lumbar spine tuberculosis (TB) patients.

Methods: Eighty-seven patients with mono-segment lumbar TB who underwent debridement, interbody fusion, and fixation through either single anterior (Group A) or single posterior approach (Group B) from January 2007 to January 2017 were enrolled in this study. The duration of the operation, blood loss, complication rate, visual analog scale (VAS), Oswestry disability index (ODI), Frankel scale, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), kyphosis angle, correction rate, correction loss, and time taken for bone graft fusion were compared between the groups. Read More

BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2021 May 21;22(1):466. Epub 2021 May 21.

Department of Spine Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, 804 Shengli Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, 750004, People's Republic of China.

Background: To compare the diseased verses the non-diseased intervertebral surgery used in the treatment of thoracolumbar and lumbar spinal tuberculosis and to explore the best choice of fusion of fixation range.

Methods: Two hundred twenty-one patients with thoracolumbar and lumbar tuberculosis were categorized into two groups. One hundred eighteen patients underwent the diseased intervertebral surgery (lesion vertebral pedicle fixation, Group A) and 103 patients underwent the non-diseased intervertebral surgery (1 or 2 vertebral fixation above and below the affected vertebra, group B). Read More

World J Clin Cases 2021 May;9(14):3394-3402

Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China.

Background: Tenosynovial giant cell tumors (TGCTs) are a frequent benign proliferative disease originating from the synovial membrane. However, TGCTs rarely occur in the spine. The purpose of this paper is to report a case of TGCT occurring in the cervical spine. Read More

World J Clin Cases 2021 May;9(14):3327-3333

Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China.

Background: Acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) and neurogenic respiratory failure rarely occur in children. At the end of 2018, some children with such symptoms were admitted to our hospital. In this study, we aimed to assess two children with AFP and neurogenic respiratory failure associated with enterovirus D68 (EV-D68). Read More

Case Rep Infect Dis 2021 20;2021:5552351. Epub 2021 Apr 20.

Spinal Surgery Department, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Pott's disease (PD) represents the most common form of spinal tuberculosis. Its association with brain tuberculomas is extremely rare. Herein, we report a previously healthy child with PD and concurrent multiple brain tuberculomas who was successfully treated with antituberculous therapy, surgical drainage of the paravertebral abscess, and adjuvant steroid therapy. Read More

Int J Spine Surg 2021 Jun 13;15(3):600-611. Epub 2021 May 13.

Metro Hospital, New Delhi, India.

Background: A combined anterior decompression and stabilization followed by posterior instrumented fusion promotes fusion of the affected segment of spine and prevents further progression of deformity. The objective of this study is to report on outcome of patients with tuberculous spondylitis, progressive neurologic deficit, and kyphotic deformity who underwent single-stage anterior corpectomy and fusion and posterior decompression with instrumented fusion.

Methods: A total of 49 patients (29 males, 20 females) with varying grades of neurological deficit due to tuberculosis of the spine (thoracic, thoracolumbar, and lumbar) were included in this prospective study. Read More

Spine Deform 2021 May 12. Epub 2021 May 12.

Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.

Purpose: To describe clinical, radiological and functional outcomes of patients with post-tubercular healed kyphosis operated by posterior-only three-column osteotomy.

Methods: The hospital records of 47 patients from a single center, operated for healed, post-tubercular kyphosis were retrospectively analyzed. Deformity correction in all patients was done utilizing a three-column osteotomy by a single-stage, posterior-only approach. Read More

Asian Spine J 2021 May 10. Epub 2021 May 10.

Department of Orthopaedics, University College of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi, India.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study.

Purpose: To evaluate sagittal balance, pulmonary function, and spinopelvic parameters in patients with healed spinal tuberculosis with severe thoracic kyphosis.

Overview Of Literature: Deterioration of neurological function is an absolute indication of surgical intervention in severe post-tubercular kyphosis, but the relationship of compromise in lung function and spinal alignment with severity of kyphosis is still unclear. Read More

Orthop Surg 2021 May 6. Epub 2021 May 6.

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China.

Objective: The purpose of the present paper was to evaluate the safety and clinical efficacy of mini-open retroperitoneal oblique lumbar interbody fusion (OLIF) for the treatment of lumbar spinal tuberculosis.

Methods: A total of 115 patients who suffered from lumbar spinal tuberculosis from June 2014 to December 2017 were included in this research. A total of 59 patients underwent OLIF and percutaneous pedicle screw fixation (OLIF group) and 56 patients underwent the anterior-only approach (anterior-only group). Read More

Surg Neurol Int 2021 8;12:136. Epub 2021 Apr 8.

Department of Orthopaedics, Jawaharlal Nehru Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal, Manipur, India.

Background: Intradural extramedullary tuberculoma of the spinal cord (IETSC) is an extremely rare form of spinal tuberculosis (TB) that is believed to be due to a host's immune reaction against the protein derivatives.

Case Description: A 25-year-old male with human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis C virus, and disseminated TB on antitubercular therapy for the past 8 months, presented with paraplegia of 2 months duration. When the MRI spine revealed multiple peripheral rim enhancing intradural extramedullary lesions from T6 to T8 and dorsally from T10 to T11, the patient was diagnosed with IETSC. Read More

Asian J Surg 2021 May 1. Epub 2021 May 1.

Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Tongren Hospital of Capital Medical University, No.1 of Dongjiaominxiang Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China. Electronic address: