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J Pediatr Urol 2020 Apr 4. Epub 2020 Apr 4.

Department of Surgery, Texas Children's Hospital, USA; Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, USA.

Background: Anterior urethral valves (AUV) and associated anterior urethral diverticula (AUD) are a rare cause of congenital lower urinary tract obstruction. They occur 25-30 times less frequently than posterior urethral valves (PUV) and historically tend to have a less aggressive presentation and outcome. However, due to the low incidence, little is known about management and long-term prognosis. Read More

Niger Med J 2019 Nov-Dec;60(6):306-311. Epub 2020 Feb 24.

Department of Surgery, Division of Paediatric Surgery, University of Ilorin/University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria.

Background: Posterior urethral valve (PUV) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality among male children resulting in renal failure in 25%-30% before adolescence irrespective of initial treatment. This study aimed at evaluating the early outcomes of children managed for PUV.

Materials And Methods: This was a prospective study of all children who were treated for PUV between 2012 and 2016 at a single referral institution. Read More

Cir Pediatr 2020 Jan 20;33(1):36-42. Epub 2020 Jan 20.

Radiologic Department's. Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete. Albacete (Spain).

Objectives: Report our experience with the use of contrast-enhanced serial voiding urosonography (SVU) for posterior urethral valve (PUV) patient diagnosis and management.

Material And Methods: Descriptive retrospective study in 0- to 14-year-old patients with suspected PUV at SVU performed as a first contrast-enhanced urinary tract test with subsequent cystoscopic study. Variables were analyzed using SPSSv22. Read More

Ethiop J Health Sci 2019 Sep;29(5):591-596

Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia.

Background: Most congenital anomalies of the urinary tract present with hydronephrosis. Some are physiological while others pathological. Ultrasound, micturating cyst urethrography, dynamic renal scintigraphy, intravenous urography, dynamic and static magnetic resonance urography are used for examination. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2019 Jul 23;12(7). Epub 2019 Jul 23.

Paediatric Urology, Evelina London Children's Healthcare, London, UK.

We present a rare case of association of anterior rectal duplication and posterior urethral valve (PUV). A term neonate with no antenatal concerns was admitted with urosepsis and acute renal injury at 18 days of age. History revealed a poor urinary stream and dribbling. Read More

J Pediatr Urol 2019 Aug 4;15(4):379.e1-379.e8. Epub 2019 Apr 4.

Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Department of Urology, Shahid Labbafinejad Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Background: Neuropathic bladder, voiding dysfunction, and posterior urethral valves may cause a great challenge in children. Preserving the kidney function is the main aim in all of these patients which can be achieved by cutaneous vesicostomy.

Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the long-term outcomes of patients who have undergone cutaneous vesicostomy in an 11-year period at the study center. Read More

Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2020 Jul;56(1):86-95

EA 7328-PACT, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Imagine Institue, Paris, France.

Objectives: Incompatibility between currently available fetoscopes and the anatomical constraints of the distended fetal bladder, with the resulting curvature around the bladder neck, account for most technical difficulties during fetal cystoscopy in lower urinary tract obstruction (LUTO). The aim of this anatomical study was to assess by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) the variation in three bladder angles (bladder-neck angle (BNA), vesicourethral angle (VUA) and angle between bladder dome and posterior urethra (DUA)), according to gestational age (GA), bladder volume and the presence of LUTO.

Methods: From our fetal medicine database, we retrieved for review 46 MRI examinations of male fetuses between 2015 and 2019, including 17 with LUTO, examined at a mean GA of 28. Read More

Pediatr Int 2018 Dec;60(12):1090-1091

Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.

BMJ Case Rep 2018 Sep 23;2018. Epub 2018 Sep 23.

Department of Urology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Posterior urethral valve and foreign body are among the important causes of male urethral obstruction. Although one is congenital and the other is acquired, both entities are rare in children with only a few reported cases. Because of myriad of symptoms associated with both conditions, a conclusive diagnosis requires both physical examination and radiological imaging. Read More

Prog Urol 2018 Oct 3;28(12):596-602. Epub 2018 Jul 3.

Chirurgie viscérale infantile, hôpital Brabois Enfants, CHU de Nancy, rue du Morvan, 54511 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy cedex, France.

Introduction: Congenital Lower Urinary Tract Obstructions (LUTO) is a heterogeneous group of diseases in which urine elimination is obstructed at the level of bladder neck or urethra. The aim of the study is to evaluate the long-term renal outcome of patients suffering of congenital LUTO.

Patients And Method: We retrospectively reviewed patients with congenital LUTO. Read More

BMC Urol 2018 May 21;18(1):46. Epub 2018 May 21.

Departmennt of Surgery and Subspecialties, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon.

Background: The incidence of posterior urethral valve (PUV) is estimated at 1:5000-1:8000 males. It is the most common paediatric urologic urgency and the most common cause of male obstructive uropathy and chronic renal failure in children. The study aimed to describe the experience of Yaoundé gynaeco-obstetrics and paediatric hospital in the management of PUV. Read More

Curr Urol Rep 2018 May 17;19(7):55. Epub 2018 May 17.

Division of Urology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3rd Floor Wood Center, 3401 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.

Purpose Of Review: The purpose of this review is to bring the reader up to date on the current risk factors for the development of renal deterioration in the boys with posterior urethral valves (PUV) and approaches to modify this risk.

Recent Findings: Renal bladder ultrasound (RBUS) is routinely performed in boys with PUV and recent advancements allow imaging processing that can more accurately quantify renal parenchyma and correlate this with risk for renal loss. Refinement of urine studies may improve our ability to stratify patients into renal loss categories. Read More

J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2018 Jul 19;44(7):1318-1321. Epub 2018 Apr 19.

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mie University Faculty Medicine, Mie, Japan.

Posterior urethral valve (PUV) rarely causes bladder rupture. We experienced hydronephrosis due to ureteral obstruction after the natural repair of a ruptured bladder in a fetus with PUV. Fetal ascites and oligohydramnios were diagnosed at 26 weeks' gestational age. Read More

Abdom Radiol (NY) 2018 09;43(9):2517-2518

Diagnostic Imaging Department, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Av. Albert Einstein, 627, São Paulo, 05652-901, Brazil.

Fukushima J Med Sci 2017 Aug 26;63(2):116-120. Epub 2017 Jul 26.

Division of Neonatology, Tokyo Metropolitan Hachioji Children's Hospital.

The patient was a male infant with an antenatal diagnosis of huge intraabdominal mass. Prenatal ultrasound at 35 weeks gestation revealed a markedly enlarged cystic mass in the lower abdomen. After birth at 38 weeks, the infant was allowed to void spontaneously and passed meconium. Read More

Investig Clin Urol 2017 06 7;58(Suppl 1):S46-S53. Epub 2017 Jun 7.

Department of Pediatric Urology, Jichi Medical University Children's Medical Center Tochigi, Shimotsuke, Japan.

Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is one of the most common diseases in pediatric urology and classified into primary and secondary VUR. Although posterior urethral valve (PUV) is well known as a cause of the secondary VUR, it is controversial that minor urethral deformity recognized in voiding cystourethrography represents mild end of PUV spectrum and contributes to the secondary VUR. We have been studying for these ten years congenital urethral obstructive lesions with special attention to its urethrographic and endoscopic morphology as well as therapeutic response with transurethral incision. Read More

J Pediatr Urol 2017 Oct 14;13(5):486.e1-486.e10. Epub 2017 Apr 14.

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy Unit, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Policlinico A. Gemelli Hospital, Rome, Italy.

Introduction: Megacystis is a condition of abnormal enlarged fetal bladder for gestational age, which is usually associated with urological malformations that may constitute a life-threatening condition for the baby.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the prognostic and etiological criteria of fetal megacystis and to describe the neonatal outcome in a large series collected in a single tertiary center.

Study Design: A retrospective observational study was conducted between 2008 and 2012. Read More

J Am Coll Radiol 2017 May;14(5S):S362-S371

Specialty Chair, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is common in young children and may cause pyelonephritis and renal scarring. Long-term complications from renal scarring are low. The role of imaging is to evaluate for underlying urologic abnormalities and guide treatment. Read More

Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol 2017 Apr 9;221(2):88-91. Epub 2017 Mar 9.

Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg.

A 34-year-old para V woman was referred to our centre at 35+1 weeks of gestation for an assumed fetal malformation with prenatal renal impairment and anhydramnios. Prenatal ultrasound demonstrated unilateral renal agenesis; the bladder was not detectable. The baby was born by caesarian section at 36+2 weeks of gestation because of placental insufficiency. Read More

World J Urol 2017 Oct 28;35(10):1611-1616. Epub 2017 Feb 28.

Department of Pediatric Urology, Jichi Medical University, Children's Medical Center Tochigi, 3311-1, Yakushiji Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan.

Purpose: Endoscopic transurethral incision (TUI) of posterior urethral valve (PUV) can improve daytime urinary incontinence (DUI) and nocturnal enuresis (NE). However, the underlying mechanism has not been elucidated. In this study, we retrospectively examined the mobility of the urethra before and after TUI by measuring the urethral angle with voiding cystourethrography (VCUG), to clarify the effects of TUI on the morphology of the urethra during voiding. Read More

Pediatr Nephrol 2017 Aug 22;32(8):1391-1400. Epub 2017 Feb 22.

Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Avenida Alfredo Balena, 190, 2° andar, sala 281, 30.130-100, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.

Background: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate inflammatory biomarkers in urine samples of 24 fetuses with posterior urethral valve (PUV) collected at 22 ± 4 weeks of gestation and to compare the findings with measurements in urine samples of 22 male healthy preterm neonates at 23 ± 4 weeks (control group).

Methods: Inflammatory biomarkers in urine were measured using a cytometric bead array [interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, interferon (IFN)-γ, soluable tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) 1, sTNFR2, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1/chemokine ligand 2 (MCP-1/CCL2), eotaxin/CCL11 and interferon gamma-induced protein/10/C-X-C motif chemokine 10 (IP-10/CXCL10)] and ELISA assays [TNF, IL-8/CXCL8 and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β)]. The Mann-Whitney test was used to compare medians. Read More

J Pediatr Urol 2017 Jun 12;13(3):265.e1-265.e6. Epub 2017 Jan 12.

Department of Paediatric Surgery, Birmingham Children's Hospital NHS Trust, Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham, B46NH, United Kingdom. Electronic address:

Objective: Radiological bladder abnormalities in boys with posterior urethral valves (PUV) are well recognised; however, the assessment is subjective. The shape, wall, reflux and diverticuli (SWRD) score objectively assesses shape, wall, reflux and diverticuli in a simple way. This study was undertaken to demonstrate that the SWRD score is reliable, reproducible and correlates with bladder outcome and videourodynamic (VUD) assessment in boys with PUV. Read More

Pril (Makedon Akad Nauk Umet Odd Med Nauki) 2016 Nov;37(2-3):107-113

Regular ultrasound examinations carried out in the second trimester of pregnancy help in detecting many anomalies in the fetal urinary tract. Their percentage ranges from 1% to 3% of all controlled pregnancies. There is a wide spectrum of anomalies that affect the urinary tract, but the most significant are: uretero/hydronephrosis (unilateral or bilateral), kidney agenesis, dysplastic kidney, polycystic and multicystic kidneys, anomalies of ascent, anomalies of kidney rotation or fusion, bladder exstrophy, posterior urethra valve etc. Read More

Med Ultrason 2016 Sep;18(3):400-2

Department of Surgery, Ganesh Das Hospital, Shillong, Meghalaya, India.

Urinary retention in young children and infancy is relatively rare. The commonest malignancy cause of bladder outlet obstruction in infancy is prostatic rhabdomyosarcoma; the commonest cause of congenital bladder outlet obstruction in a male infantis posterior urethral valve and the commonest cause of urethral obstruction in male children is urethral calculi. We present here a report on three cases of urethral obstruction in male children. Read More

Case Rep Pediatr 2016 14;2016:5208753. Epub 2016 Aug 14.

Stony Brook Children's Hospital, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.

Congenital ascites is rare, but when it occurs, urinary ascites secondary to posterior urethral valve obstruction is the most common, and tumors are the least. Among the tumors in the pediatric population, the central nervous system tumors are common, but spinal cord tumors are rare. We describe a very rare case of congenital malignant spinal cord glioma presenting as isolated congenital ascites secondary to neurogenic bladder. Read More

J Pediatr Urol 2016 Oct 6;12(5):296-303. Epub 2016 Aug 6.

Chelsea Children's Hospital at the Chelsea & Westminster Hospital Foundation Trust, London SW10 9NH, UK. Electronic address:

Fetal bladder outlet obstruction (BOO), most commonly caused by posterior urethral valves (PUV), remains a challenging and multi-faceted condition. Evolving techniques, and refinement in ultrasound, optics and instrumentation, have increased our rate of prenatal diagnosis, and enabled valve ablation not only in smaller newborns, but also in fetuses. Long-term outcome studies have raised our awareness of the silent damage caused by bladder dysfunction and polyuria and encouraged their proactive management. Read More

Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2017 Jun;49(6):696-703

Mayo Clinic Fetal Diagnostic and Therapeutic Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.

Objective: To evaluate the effect on perinatal and postnatal survival of vesicoamniotic shunt (VAS) as treatment for fetal lower urinary tract obstruction (LUTO).

Methods: An electronic search of Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid EMBASE, Ovid Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Ovid Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and Scopus using relevant search terms was conducted from inception to June 2015 to identify studies comparing outcomes of VAS vs conservative management for treatment of LUTO. Cohort studies and clinical trials were considered eligible. Read More

Pol J Radiol 2016 2;81:209-11. Epub 2016 May 2.

Department of Radio-Diagnosis, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, India.

Background: Urethral valves are infravesical congenital anomalies, with the posterior urethral valve (PUV) being the most prevalent one. Anterior urethral valve (AUV) is a rare but a well-known congenital anomaly. AUV and diverticula can cause severe obstruction, whose repercussions on the proximal urinary system can be important. Read More

J Urol 2016 Sep 25;196(3):862-8. Epub 2016 Mar 25.

Division of Pediatric Urology, Department of Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Electronic address:

Purpose: There is paucity of validated objective early imaging markers to help predict future renal deterioration in infants with posterior urethral valves. We evaluated the prognostic value of total renal parenchymal area, renal echogenicity and corticomedullary differentiation regarding future development of chronic kidney disease.

Materials And Methods: We analyzed initial postnatal ultrasonographic images from serial posterior urethral valve cases seen at a single tertiary referral center using National Institutes of Health sponsored image processing software. Read More

Actas Urol Esp 2016 Apr 31;40(3):183-9. Epub 2015 Dec 31.

Servicio de Cirugía Pediátrica, Hospital General Universitario de Albacete, Albacete, España.

Introduction: In this series, we analyse the diagnostic efficacy of serial voiding urosonography (VUS) with second-generation contrast, combined harmoniously and specifically with contrast technology, in the examination of the urinary tract in children. This examination includes the diagnosis and follow-up for vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) and urethral disorders, mainly those of the posterior urethral valve (PUV).

Patients And Methods: After obtaining informed consent, a prospective study was conducted using urosonography with second-generation contrast (sulphur hexafluoride microbubbles, SonoVue®) from November 2014 to October 2015 (1 year) in paediatric patients with suspected VUR or PUV impairment. Read More

Afr J Paediatr Surg 2015 Oct-Dec;12(4):270-2

Iranian Legal Medicine Research Center, Legal Medicine Organization, Tehran, Iran.

Background: To compare the results of final renal function by two methods of treatment in patients diagnosed as posterior urethral valve (PUV) (valve ablation vs. vesicostomy).

Materials And Methods: Fifty-four boys diagnosed with PUV participated in this study. Read More

Eur J Pediatr Surg 2016 Aug 17;26(4):368-75. Epub 2015 Sep 17.

Department of Pediatric Urology, Jichi Medical University, Children's Medical Center Tochigi, Japan.

Purpose This study aims to evaluate the endoscopic morphological features of congenital posterior urethral obstructions in boys with refractory daytime urinary incontinence and/or nocturnal enuresis. Patients and Methods A total of 54 consecutive patients underwent endoscopy and were diagnosed with a posterior urethral valve (PUV) (types 1-4). PUV type 1 was classified as severe, moderate, or mild. Read More

J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod (Paris) 2016 May 13;45(5):478-83. Epub 2015 May 13.

Hôpital Bicêtre, 78, rue du Général-Leclerc, 94275 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.

Objectives: Posterior urethral valves (PUV) are the most common cause of renal impairment in boys during early childhood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the value of ultrasound (US) criteria currently used to diagnose PUV.

Materials And Methods: From 2009 to 2012, 31 patients were referred to the Bicêtre Hospital after detection of fetal bilateral hydronephrosis in male fetus. Read More

Prenat Diagn 2015 Jul 5;35(7):623-36. Epub 2015 Apr 5.

Swiss Fetal Laser Group, University Hospital of Bern, University Hospital of Lausanne CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland.

Fetoscopic coagulation of placental anastomoses is the treatment of choice for severe twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome. In the present day, fetal laser therapy is also used to treat amniotic bands, chorioangiomas, sacrococcygeal teratomas, lower urinary tract obstructions and chest masses, all of which will be reviewed in this article. Amniotic band syndrome can cause limb amputation by impairing downstream blood flow. Read More

Int J Urol 2015 May 16;22(5):514-9. Epub 2015 Feb 16.

Pediatric Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Objective: To report our 12-year experience with endoscopic management of patients with concomitant anterior and posterior urethral valves.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the charts of patients referred to us for management of urethral valves from 2000 to 2012 to find cases with concomitant anterior and posterior valves. The diagnosis of valves was first suspected on voiding cystourethrography and confirmed by urethrocystoscopy. Read More

Afr J Paediatr Surg 2015 Jan-Mar;12(1):18-22

Department of Surgery, Urology Unit, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria.

Background: Posterior urethral valves (PUV) remain the most common cause of bladder outlet obstruction and renal insufficiency in male children. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presentation, management, challenges, and outcome of the disease in a Nigerian tertiary health institution.

Patients And Methods: Retrospectively, medical records of male children with a diagnosis of PUVs over a 10 year period (2003-2012) were retrieved. Read More

J Pediatr Urol 2015 Feb 2;11(1):31.e1-4. Epub 2014 Oct 2.

Children's National Medical Center, The George Washington University School of Medicine, 111 Michigan Ave NW, Washington, D.C. 20010, USA. Electronic address:

Introduction/objective: Modern radiographic advances have allowed for detailed and accurate imaging of not only urologic anatomy but also urologic function. The art of observational inference of subtle anatomic features and function from a static radiograph is being traded for new, more precise, and more expensive modalities. While the superiority of these methods cannot be denied, the total information provided in simpler tests should not be ignored. Read More

J Endourol 2015 May 5;29(5):611-4. Epub 2014 Sep 5.

1 Department of Urology, Columbia University Medical Center , New York, New York.

Introduction: Endoscopic management of posterior urethral valves and congenital ureteroceles is the current standard to relieve the obstruction. While the most commonly used techniques involve cystoscopic incision with cold knife or electrosurgery, an alternative is to ablate the obstructive tissue with laser energy. With increasing prenatal diagnoses, there has been an increasing shift in the timing of intervention toward earlier periods. Read More

J Coll Physicians Surg Pak 2014 May;24 Suppl 2:S155-6

Department of Surgery, The Aga Khan University, Karachi.

Presence of posterior urethral valves (PUV) is the most common cause of urinary tract obstruction in the male neonate. Late presentation occurs in 10% of cases. We present a case of PUVs in an adult male who presented with history of obstructive lower urinary tract symptoms and hematuria. Read More

Iran J Pediatr 2013 Oct;23(5):531-5

Pediatric Nephrology Research Center, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Objective: Posterior urethral valves (PUV) are the most common cause of bladder outlet obstruction in infancy that impair renal and bladder function. This study was planned to evaluate and record the various clinical presentations and management, complications, and surgical management and long-term outcome of PUV.

Methods: In a retrospective study, 98 patients who have been treated for PUV are evaluated in Mofid Children's Hospital from January 2007 to December 2012. Read More

Urology 2014 Jun 21;83(6):1401-3. Epub 2014 Apr 21.

Department of Pediatric Surgery, Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College (LTMMC) and Govt. Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.

Urethral polyp is a rare cause of bladder outlet obstruction, voiding dysfunction, and hematuria in the pediatric age group. Urethral polyps are rarely associated with other congenital urinary tract anomalies. In this study, we report a case of solitary posterior urethral polyp with type I posterior urethral valve in a 7-day-old neonate presented with urinary retention and deranged renal function. Read More

J Urol 2014 May 26;191(5 Suppl):1517-22. Epub 2014 Mar 26.

Birmingham Children's Hospital, National Health Service Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom.

Purpose: Despite early diagnosis and valve ablation, progressive renal impairment develops in a significant proportion of boys born with posterior urethral valves. Bladder dysfunction is thought to have an important role in the etiology of this renal deterioration. We report the outcome of treating bladder dysfunction with clean intermittent catheterization and overnight drainage via a Mitrofanoff appendicovesicostomy with respect to upper tract imaging, urodynamic findings and renal function. Read More

Diagn Interv Imaging 2014 Jun 15;95(6):573-8. Epub 2014 Mar 15.

Service d'imagerie pédiatrique et prénatale, hôpital de la Timone, 264, rue Saint-Pierre, 13385 Marseille cedex 5, France.

Purpose: To study the complementary diagnostic value and role in the perinatal management of foetal MRI in the prenatal diagnosis of abnormalities of the urinary tract.

Patients And Methods: Retrospective monocentric study from November 2002 to June 2011 of foetuses benefiting from an MRI after ultrasound diagnosis of uronephropathy abnormalities. Ultrasound and MRI data were compared with postnatal radiological and/or surgical data or with the foetopathology. Read More

Can J Urol 2014 Feb;21(1):7154-6

Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan, USA.

A case is reported of urinary tract tuberculosis in a 7-year-old boy with a history of late presentation posterior urethral valves. Persistent hydroureteronephrosis after valve ablation at the age of 5 years and a draining urinary fistula from the site where a suprapubic catheter had been inserted prior to valve surgery alerted to the possibility of urinary tract tuberculosis. Read More

Med Ultrason 2013 Dec;15(4):315-20

Emergency Children Clinic Hospital, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; E-mail:

Urinary collecting system duplication is a congenital anomaly and can associate various types of urinary tract pathologies. Authors will illustrate by cases some of associated anomalies such as ureterocele, extravesical ectopic ureter, vesicoureteral reflux or reflux nephropathy; one case presented an association between posterior urethral valve and bilateral collecting system duplication. Read More

Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 2014 Jul-Aug;30(4):e82-4

Department of Ophthalmology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, U.S.A.

An 8-year-old boy presented for oculoplastic evaluation of bilateral microphthalmia. He had multiple other congenital anomalies, including microcephaly, wide-spaced teeth, sloping shoulders, protruding ears, syndactyly, a posterior urethral valve, cystic dysplasia of the kidneys, and a bicuspid aortic valve. Taken together, these findings supported the diagnosis of Lenz microphthalmia syndrome. Read More

Pediatr Dev Pathol 2013 Nov-Dec;16(6):405-14. Epub 2013 Aug 26.

1  Department of Laboratories, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA.

Prenatal obstruction of the lower urinary tract may result in megacystis, with subsequent development of hydroureter, hydronephrosis, and renal damage. Oligo- or anhydramnios, pulmonary hypoplasia, and prune belly syndrome are lethal consequences. Causes and mechanisms responsible for obstruction remain unclear but might be clarified by anatomic study at autopsy. Read More

Oman Med J 2013 Jul;28(4):e051

Department of Radiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India-110029.

Neonatal urinary ascites is a rare condition. It can be spontaneous or iatrogenic. Posterior urethral valve is the most common cause of spontaneous urinary ascites. Read More

Ann Saudi Med 2013 May-Jun;33(3):260-4

Pediatrics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Background And Objectives: Antenatally detected urinary tract abnormalities (ADUTA) are increasingly recognized. Our aims were to determine the incidence and outcomes of antenatally diagnosed congenital hydronephrosis in a large cohort.

Design And Settings: We recorded the number of total deliveries over 4 years at King Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAUH) between January 2008 and December 2011 from the number of nursery and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admissions. Read More

J Pediatr Urol 2013 Dec 6;9(6 Pt B):1093-7. Epub 2013 May 6.

Department of Urology, King George's Medical University, (Formerly, Chhatrapati Shahuji Maharaj Medical University), Lucknow, India.

Objective: To evaluate the use of holmium:YAG laser for posterior urethral valve (PUV) fulguration and compare with electro-fulguration.

Methods: Forty boys underwent primary fulguration of PUV using 20-25 W holmium laser (Group 1) from January 2009 to December 2011. Data of last 40 boys (retrospective cohort: January 2005 to December 2008) who underwent electro-fulguration (Group 2) for PUV were compared with group 1. Read More