J Endocrinol Invest 2017 Aug 17. Epub 2017 Aug 17.

Department of Medicine I, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, 55101, Mainz, Germany.

Background: In recent years, scientific knowledge pertaining to the rare ORPHAN polyglandular autoimmune syndrome (registered code ORPHA 282196) has accumulated.

Objective: To offer current demographic, clinical, serological and immunogenic data on PAS.

Methods: Review of the pertinent and current literature. Read More

Ital J Pediatr 2017 Aug 7;43(1):69. Epub 2017 Aug 7.

UOC Pediatria, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood, University of Messina, via Consolare Valeria, 98125, Messina, Italy.

Background: Although the autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 3 (APS-3) is the commonest APS that may be encountered in pediatric age, last year literature includes only few studies aiming to specifically ascertain the clinical spectrum of APS-3 in childhood and adolescence. Aims of these study were: a) to ascertain how many young patients with apparently isolated Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) are at risk of manifesting other autoimmune disorders (ADs) compatible with APS-3; b) to individuate the ADs which most frequently segregate with HT in the context of an APS-3.

Methods: A selected population of 211 young patients with HT and no risk factors for other APSs was investigated, in order to evaluate the prevalence of other ADs apart from HT and to individuate the ADs which most frequently cluster with HT in the context of APS-3. Read More

Immunogenetics 2017 May 24. Epub 2017 May 24.

Department of Endocrinology, China Three Gorges University & Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yi Ling Road 181, Yichang, 443003, China.

Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 (APS-1, OMIM 2403000) is a rare autosomal recessive disease that is caused by autoimmune regulator (AIRE). The main symptoms of APS-1 are chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis, autoimmune adrenocortical insufficiency (Addison's disease) and hypoparathyroidism. We collected APS-1 cases and analysed them. Read More

Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017 26;8:92. Epub 2017 Apr 26.

Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University, Latina, Italy.

The term "thyrogastric syndrome" defines the association between autoimmune thyroid disease and chronic autoimmune gastritis (CAG), and it was first described in the early 1960s. More recently, this association has been included in polyglandular autoimmune syndrome type IIIb, in which autoimmune thyroiditis represents the pivotal disorder. Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is the most frequent autoimmune disease, and it has been reported to be associated with gastric disorders in 10-40% of patients while about 40% of patients with autoimmune gastritis also present HT. Read More

Ethiop J Health Sci 2016 Sep;26(5):503-507

Department of Clinical Immunology, Allergology and Endocrinology, Donetsk National Medical University, Ukraine.

Background: Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 2 represents an uncommon endocrine disorder composed by Addison's disease with autoimmune thyroid disease (Schmidt's syndrome) and/or type 1 diabetes mellitus. Scleromyxedema is a rare progressive cutaneous mucinosis usually associated with systemic involvement and paraproteinemia. To the best of our knowledge, there is no case report of Schmidt's syndrome associated with scleromyxedema. Read More

Neuro Endocrinol Lett 2017 Jan;37(8):540-542

Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan.

A 26-year-old Japanese woman presented with adrenal insufficiency, and treatment was started with cortisone and fludrocortisone in 1975. A few years later, she presented with hypoparathyroidism and was diagnosed with autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type I (APS I), and treatment with calcium and alfacalcidol was started. She was found to have subacute thyroiditis and relative adrenal failure in 2006. Read More

J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2017 May;102(5):1726-1733

Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104.

Context: Most cases of autosomal recessive hypoparathyroidism (HYPO) are caused by loss-of-function mutations in GCM2 or PTH.

Objective: The objective of this study was to identify the underlying genetic basis for isolated HYPO in a kindred in which 3 of 10 siblings were affected.

Subjects: We studied the parents and the three adult affected subjects, each of whom was diagnosed with HYPO in the first decade of life. Read More

Internist (Berl) 2017 Apr;58(4):308-328

MVZ für Rheumatologie, Planegg, Deutschland.

Polyglandular autoimmune syndromes encompass several endocrine and nonendocrine autoimmune disorders with variable onset and phenotype. Rheumatoid and gastroenterological symptoms in patients with autoimmune polyglandular syndromes are suggestive of additional rheumatoid gastrointestinal and hepatological autoimmune diseases. Autoimmune gastritis, celiac disease, autoimmune hepatitis, rheumatoid arthritis, Sjögren syndrome, and systemic Lupus erythematodus are of particular clinical relevance. Read More

Am J Med 2017 May 20;130(5):e213-e214. Epub 2017 Feb 20.

Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex; Advanced Imaging Research Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex. Electronic address:

Clin Chem Lab Med 2017 Jun;55(7):1003-1012

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Background: Measurements of autoantibodies to interferon-ω (IFN-ω) in patients with autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 1 (APS-1) were performed using a new immunoprecipitation assay (IPA) based on 125I-labeled IFN-ω.

Methods: We have developed and validated a new IPA based on 125I-labeled IFN-ω. Sera from 78 patients (aged 3-78 years) with clinically diagnosed APS-1, 35 first degree relatives, 323 patients with other adrenal or non-adrenal autoimmune diseases and 84 healthy blood donors were used in the study. Read More

Case Rep Endocrinol 2016 13;2016:6838626. Epub 2016 Nov 13.

Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.

The standard treatment of hypoparathyroidism is to control hypocalcemia using calcitriol and calcium supplementation. However, in severe cases this approach is insufficient, and the risks of intravenous (i.v. Read More

Ital J Gynaecol Obstet 2016 Sep;28(4):35-40

Division of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Maternal and Child Department, Cannizzaro Hospital, Catania, Italy.

Type III Polyglandular Autoimmune Syndrome is a multiple endocrine disorders disease determined by autoimmunity; it can be diagnosed if a patient is affected by Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and another autoimmune disease, except Addison Disease, for example Autoimmune Hashimoto Thyroiditis or Celiac Disease. R.D. Read More

Clin Exp Dermatol 2017 Jan 13;42(1):61-63. Epub 2016 Nov 13.

Department of Medicine and Aging Science, Dermatologic Clinic, University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy.

Polyglandular autoimmune syndrome (PAS) is the name given to a group of autoimmune disorders of the endocrine glands. PAS type III (PAS III) comprises several autoimmune diseases (autoimmune thyroiditis, immune-mediated diabetes mellitus, pernicious anaemia, vitiligo, alopecia areata and many others) and is subdivided into four subcategories. We report the case of a 52-year-old woman with autoimmune thyroiditis, vitiligo, alopecia areata, psoriasis and lichen sclerosus, suggesting a clinical diagnosis of PAS IIIC with a singular prevalence of cutaneous features. Read More

Endocrinol Diabetes Metab Case Rep 2016 6;2016. Epub 2016 Oct 6.

Department of Endocrinology , Diabetology and Metabolic Diseases, Mohammed VI University Hospital of Marrakech, Caddi Ayyad University, Marrakech , Morocco.

Autoimmune pancreatitis is a new nosological entity in which a lymphocytic infiltration of the exocrine pancreas is involved. The concomitant onset of autoimmune pancreatitis and type 1 diabetes has been recently described suggesting a unique immune disturbance that compromises the pancreatic endocrine and exocrine functions. We report a case of type1 diabetes onset associated with an autoimmune pancreatitis in a young patient who seemed to present a type 2 autoimmune polyglandular syndrome. Read More

J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2016 Nov 28;101(11):3865-3869. Epub 2016 Sep 28.

Institute of Genetic Medicine (A.P., C.M.N., H.F.A., H.J.C., S.H.S.P., A.L.M.), Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Science (B.E.O., E.S.H.), University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway; and Department of Medicine (E.S.H.), Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway.

Context: Autoimmune Addison's disease (AAD) is a rare but highly heritable condition. The BACH2 protein plays a crucial role in T lymphocyte maturation, and allelic variation in its gene has been associated with a number of autoimmune conditions.

Objective: We aimed to determine whether alleles of the rs3757247 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the BACH2 gene are associated with AAD. Read More

Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2016 Dec 12;64(6):485-495. Epub 2016 Mar 12.

Chair and Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.

The role of autoimmunization in the pathogenesis of pituitary disorders is poorly understood. The presence of pituitary autoantibodies (APA) has been detected in various pituitary disorders. Their role, however, remains elusive. Read More

Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2016 Dec;16(6):523-529

aLaboratorio 2 Inmunología, FES-Cuautitlán, UNAM, Mexico bService d' Allergologie et d'Immunologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Switzerland cDepartment of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Addenbrookes Hospital dNational Institute of Health Research (NIHR), Cambridge Biomedical Reserch Centre, Cambridge, UK.

Purpose Of Review: Concise overview of the field of anticytokine autoantibodies with a focus on recent developments.

Recent Findings: Advances in particular in the analysis of autoantibodies to IFNγ, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and type I IFN are presented. The target epitope for anti-IFNγ autoantibodies has been found to have high homology to a protein from Aspergillus suggesting molecular mimicry as a mechanism of breaking self-tolerance. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2016 Oct;95(42):e5062

Key laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.

Background: Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 2 (APS-2), also known as Schmidt's syndrome, is an uncommon disorder characterized by the coexistence of Addison's disease with thyroid autoimmune disease and/or type 1 diabetes mellitus. Addison's disease as the obligatory component is potentially life-threatening. Unfortunately, the delayed diagnosis of Addison's disease is common owing to its rarity and the nonspecific clinical manifestation. Read More

Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2016 Nov;27(6):505-513

aDepartment of Ophthalmology, Hôpital Lariboisière, AP-HP, Université Paris 7 - Sorbonne Paris Cité bDepartment of Ophthalmology, Hôpital Cochin, AP-HP, Université Paris 5 - Paris Descartes, Paris, France.

Purpose Of Review: The ocular manifestations in autoimmune polyendocrinopathy syndrome type 1 (APS1) are frequent and have a poor prognosis. The phenotype of these APS1-associated ocular features have been recently characterized in molecularly confirmed patients with APS1.

Recent Findings: Keratopathy and retinopathy can be severe manifestations of APS1. Read More

Vnitr Lek Fall 2016;62(9 Suppl 3):107-114

Historically endocrinologists and psychiatrists are aware that disturbances in thyroid disease in beginning or even in clinically intensified states of thyrotoxicosis or hypothyroidism exhibit pathological mental manifestations, masking or potentiating the underlying disease. Immune system disorders cause thyroid organ-specific autoimmune process. This autoimmune thyroid disease binds with a number of disorders in both endocrine or non-endocrine organs. Read More

J Autoimmun 2017 Jan 23;76:1-9. Epub 2016 Sep 23.

Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA. Electronic address:

Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome 3 variant (APS3v) refers to the co-occurrence of autoimmune thyroiditis (AITD) and type 1 diabetes (T1D) within the same individual. HLA class II confers the strongest susceptibility to APS3v. We previously identified a unique amino acid signature of the HLA-DR pocket (designated APS3v HLA-DR pocket) that predisposes to APS3v. Read More

J Clin Rheumatol 2016 Oct;22(7):382-3

From the *Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Medical Center; †Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania; and ‡Department of Dermatology, Thomas Jefferson University Sidney Kimmel School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA.

Immunobiology 2017 Feb 9;222(2):372-383. Epub 2016 Sep 9.

Immuno-Infectivology and Clinical Trials Research Area, Children's Hospital Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy. Electronic address:

APECED is a T-cell mediated disease with increased frequencies of CD8+ effector and reduction of FoxP3+ T regulatory cells. Antibodies against affected organs and neutralizing to cytokines are found in the peripheral blood. The contribution of B cells to multiorgan autoimmunity in Aire-/- mice was reported opening perspectives on the utility of anti-B cell therapy. Read More

Biomed Res Int 2016 20;2016:6219730. Epub 2016 Jul 20.

Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Lublin, 6 Professor A. Gebali Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is one of the most common chronic diseases developing in childhood. The incidence of the disease in children increases for unknown reasons at a rate from 3 to 5% every year worldwide. The background of T1DM is associated with the autoimmune process of pancreatic beta cell destruction, which leads to absolute insulin deficiency and organ damage. Read More

J Small Anim Pract 2016 Sep 3;57(9):491-4. Epub 2016 Aug 3.

School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire NG7 2RD.

A three-year-old, female neutered, Dobermann pinscher was presented for investigation of lethargy, episodic collapse, ataxia and myxoedema. Primary hypothyroidism and primary cortisol-deficient hypoadrenocorticism were diagnosed based on history, physical examination and compatible hormonal analysis. Increased serum concentrations of thyroglobulin autoantibodies and 21-hydroxylase autoantibodies indicated an immune-mediated aetiology. Read More

Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2016 19;7:92. Epub 2016 Jul 19.

Department of Pharmacogenomics, Showa University School of Pharmacy , Tokyo , Japan.

While the past genome-wide association study (GWAS) for autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs) was done in Caucasians, a recent GWAS in Caucasian patients with both AITD and type 1 diabetes [a variant of autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 3 (APS3v)] identified five non-HLA genes: BCL2L15, MAGI3, PHTF1, PTPN22, and GPR103. The aim of our study was to replicate these associations with AITD in a Japanese population. Since analyzing the rs2476601 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) within the PTPN22 gene revealed no polymorphism in the Japanese, we analyzed four SNPs, rs2358994 (in BCL2L15), rs2153977 (in MAGI3), rs1111695 (in PHTF1), and rs7679475 (in GPR103) genotypes in a case-control study based on 447 Japanese AITD patients [277 Graves' disease (GD) and 170 Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) patients] and 225 matched Japanese controls using the high-resolution melting and unlabeled probe methods. Read More

Endocrinol Diabetes Metab Case Rep 2016 28;2016. Epub 2016 Jul 28.

Walter Reed National Military Medical Center , Bethesda, Maryland , USA.

Unlabelled: A 71-year-old woman with severe right lower leg pain, edema and erythema was presented to the Emergency Department and was found to have an extensive deep vein thrombosis (DVT) confirmed by ultrasound. She underwent an extensive evaluation due to her prior history of malignancy and new hypercoagulable state, but no evidence of recurrent disease was detected. Further investigation revealed pernicious anemia (PA), confirmed by the presence of a macrocytic anemia (MCV=115. Read More

J Clin Diagn Res 2016 May 1;10(5):OD21-2. Epub 2016 May 1.

Assistant Professor, Department of Intensive Care, Christian Medical College and Hospital , Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India .

Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 2 also known as Schmidt syndrome. It is a rare disorder involving a combination of Addison's disease with autoimmune thyroid disease with or without type 1 diabetes mellitus. In this case report one such patient with this rare syndrome is described who presented with hyperpigmentation of knuckles, palms and soles with significant weight loss for 2 months. Read More

PLoS One 2016 18;11(7):e0157510. Epub 2016 Jul 18.

Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.

The prevalence of celiac disease autoimmunity or tissue transglutaminase autoantibodies (TGA) amongst patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) in the Chinese population remains unknown. This study examined the rate of celiac disease autoimmunity amongst patients with T1D and AITD in the Chinese population. The study included 178 patients with type 1 diabetes and 119 with AITD where 36 had both T1D and AITD, classified as autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 3 variant (APS3v). Read More

Cell 2016 Jul 14;166(3):582-95. Epub 2016 Jul 14.

Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, King's College, London SE19RT, UK. Electronic address:

APS1/APECED patients are defined by defects in the autoimmune regulator (AIRE) that mediates central T cell tolerance to many self-antigens. AIRE deficiency also affects B cell tolerance, but this is incompletely understood. Here we show that most APS1/APECED patients displayed B cell autoreactivity toward unique sets of approximately 100 self-proteins. Read More

Int J Mol Sci 2016 Jul 12;17(7). Epub 2016 Jul 12.

Infectivology and Clinical Trials Area, Children's Hospital Bambino Gesù, Rome 00146, Italy.

Type 1 autoimmune polyglandular syndrome (APS1) is a rare autosomal recessive disease, caused by mutations in the autoimmune regulator gene (AIRE); the encoded Aire protein plays an important role in the establishment of the immunological tolerance acting as a transcriptional regulator of the expression of organ-specific antigens within the thymus in perinatal age. While a high prevalence for this rare syndrome is reported in Finland and Scandinavia (Norway), autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy syndrome (APECED) cohorts of patients are also detected in continental Italy and Sardinia, among Iranian Jews, as well as in other countries. The syndrome is diagnosed when patients present at least two out of the three fundamental disorders including chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis, hypoparathyroidism, and Addison's disease. Read More

Pediatr Nephrol 2017 Apr 6;32(4):607-608. Epub 2016 Jul 6.

Chair and Clinical Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, ul. 3 Maja 13/15, 41-800, Zabrze, Poland.

A 14-year-old Caucasian girl with a history of primary hypoparathyroidism and unstable calcium and phosphorus levels and on ongoing treatment was admitted to the Department of Pediatric Nephrology because of the onset of nephrocalcinosis and difficulties achieving normocalcemia. Coexistence of hypoparathyroidism, oral candidiasis, dental enamel hypoplasia, and subclinical Hashimoto's disease was strongly suggestive for autoimmune polyglandular syndrome (APS) type I. One of the clinical implications of this diagnosis is the high probability of future occurrence of adrenal insufficiency and hence the importance of maintaining a high level of suspicion in case of the onset of symptoms like weakness, fainting, hypotonia, or hyperkaliemia. Read More

Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2016 Jul-Aug;20(4):579-80

Department of Internal Medicine, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra, India.

J Immunol 2016 Aug 20;197(3):701-5. Epub 2016 Jun 20.

Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637; Committee on Immunology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637; Committee on Microbiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637

Polyglandular autoimmune inflammation accompanies type 1 diabetes (T1D) in NOD mice, affecting organs like thyroid and salivary glands. Although commensals are not required for T1D progression, germ-free (GF) mice had a very low degree of sialitis, which was restored by colonization with select microbial lineages. Moreover, unlike T1D, which is blocked in mice lacking MyD88 signaling adaptor under conventional, but not GF, housing conditions, sialitis did not develop in MyD88(-/-) GF mice. Read More

Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2016 Jun 2;14(1):34. Epub 2016 Jun 2.

Pediatric Rheumatology, University of Basel Children's Hospital, Spitalstrasse 33, CH - 4031, Basel, Switzerland.

Background: To analyze the clinical presentation and complications of varicella zoster virus (VZV) infection in children with rheumatic diseases treated with immunosuppressive medication such as biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) and/or conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (cDMARDs), and to analyze the therapeutic approach to VZV infections with respect to the concomitant immunosuppressive treatment.

Methods: Retrospective multicenter study using the Swiss Pediatric Rheumatology registry. Children with rheumatic diseases followed in a Swiss center for pediatric rheumatology and treated with cDMARD and/or bDMARD with a clinical diagnosis of varicella or herpes zoster between January 2004 and December 2013 were included. Read More

J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2016 Aug 2;101(8):2975-83. Epub 2016 Jun 2.

Department of Clinical Science (Ø.B., B.E.O., E.B., B.G.N., L.B., P.M.K., K.Lo., A.B.W., E.S.H.), University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway; Department of Medicine (Solna) (N.L., O.K.), Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden; Science for Life Laboratory (N.L.), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Uppsala, 751 05 Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Medicine (M.M.E., K.Lo., E.S.H.), Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway; Department of Medicine (K.Li.,), Akershus University Hospital, 1474 Nordbyhagen, Norway; Department of Endocrinology (K.Li., A.P.J.), Oslo University Hospital, 0372 Oslo, Norway; Department of Pediatrics (A.G.M.), Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway; Division of Internal Medicine (J.S.), University Hospital of North Norway, 9019 Tromsø, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine (J.S.), University of Tromsø, The Artic University of Norway, 9019 Tromsø, Norway; Department of Endocrinology (K.J.F.), St. Olavs Hospital, 7006 Trondheim, Norway; Department of Medicine (Å.B.), Stavanger University Hospital, 4011 Stavanger, Norway; Department of Medicine (B.G.N.), Haugesund Hospital, 5504 Haugesund, Norway; Department of Medicine (B.M.), Østfold Hospital, 1603 Fredrikstad, Norway; Department of Immunology (M.K.V.), Oslo University Hospital, 0372 Oslo, Norway; University of Oslo (M.K.V.), 0372 Oslo, Norway; Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine (P.M.K.), Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Dentistry (M.C.M.), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway; and Oral Health Centre of Expertise in Western Norway (M.C.M.), 5021 Bergen, Norway.

Context: Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 (APS1) is a childhood-onset monogenic disease defined by the presence of two of the three major components: hypoparathyroidism, primary adrenocortical insufficiency, and chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC). Information on longitudinal follow-up of APS1 is sparse.

Objective: To describe the phenotypes of APS1 and correlate the clinical features with autoantibody profiles and autoimmune regulator (AIRE) mutations during extended follow-up (1996-2016). Read More

Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2016 Aug 20;203:61-5. Epub 2016 May 20.

Department of Gyneacological Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, Ul. Karowa 2, 00-315 Warsaw, Poland.

Objectives: Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 3 - (APS-3), is defined as the coexistence of autoimmune thyroiditis with other non-ovarian autoimmune diseases without primary adrenal insufficiency. Additionally the definition of APS-3 also includes primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) coexistence with autoimmune thyroiditis. The main goal of that study is to assess the prevalence of APS-3 defined as coexistence of autoimmune thyroiditis with POI in population of 46 XX karyotype women with primary ovarian insufficiency (POI). Read More

Ann Hepatol 2016 Jul-Aug;15(4):588-91

Servicio de Aparato Digestivo. Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain.

 Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome (APS) is a combination of different autoimmune diseases. The close relationship between immune-mediated disorders makes it mandatory to perform serological screening periodically in order to avoid delayed diagnosis of additional autoimmune diseases. We studied a patient with type 1 diabetes (T1D) who later developed an autoimmune thyroid disease (ATD) and was referred to our hospital with a serious condition of his clinical status. Read More

Wiad Lek 2016 ;69(1):27-32

Katedra i Klinika Reumatologii i Układowych Chorób Tkanki Łącznej, Uniwersytet Medyczny, Lublin.

Autoimmune polyglandular syndromes (APS) are the conditions characterized by coexistence of at least two organ-specific endocrine autoimmune disorders. The syndromes often coexist with connective tissue diseases with the presence non-organ specific antibodies. The aim of the study was to present two clinical cases of polymyositis and dermatomyositis in the course of APS type 3d. Read More

Clin Nephrol 2016 Jun;85(6):358-62

Background: Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 1 (APS 1) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by immune injury of multiple organ systems (primarily endocrine) secondary to a mutation in the autoimmune regulator (AIRE) gene. In some cases, patients develop tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN) and progress to end-stage renal failure (ESRD).

Case Diagnosis/treatment: We describe two patients with APS 1 and TIN. Read More

J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2016 Aug;29(8):979-83

Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy (APECED), also named as autoimmune polyglandular syndrome (APS) type 1, is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in autoimmune regulator (AIRE) gene. It is distinguished by an immune-mediated damage of endocrine tissues, chronic candidiasis, and ectodermal disorder. APECED has been shown to be frequent in some populations including Iranian Jews. Read More

Pathologe 2016 May;37(3):253-7

Institut für Pathologie, Stadtspital Triemli, Birmensdorferstrasse 497, 8063, Zürich, Schweiz.

Polyglandular autoimmune syndromes (PGAS), also known as autoimmune polyendocrinopathy syndromes (APS), are a heterogeneous group of rare, genetically caused diseases of the immune system which lead to inflammatory damage of various endocrine glands resulting in malfunctions. In addition, autoimmune diseases of non-endocrine organs may also be found. Early diagnosis of PGAS is often overlooked because of heterogeneous symptoms and the progressive occurrence of the individual diseases. Read More

Immunol Rev 2016 May;271(1):127-40

Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.

The establishment of central tolerance in the thymus is critical for avoiding deleterious autoimmune diseases. Autoimmune regulator (AIRE), the causative gene in autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type-1 (APS-1), is crucial for the establishment of self-tolerance in the thymus by promoting promiscuous expression of a wide array of tissue-restricted self-antigens. This step is critical for elimination of high-affinity self-reactive T cells from the immunological repertoire, and for the induction of a specific subset of Foxp3(+) T-regulatory (Treg ) cells. Read More

Acta Clin Croat 2015 Dec;54(4):525-30

Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome by definition consists of two or more endocrinological insufficiencies or two organ specific autoimmune diseases. There are no stringent criteria for endocrinological evaluation of patients with one endocrine insufficiency. However, detailed endocrinological evaluation should be undertaken in patients with two autoimmune diseases. Read More

Nat Rev Immunol 2016 Apr 14;16(4):247-58. Epub 2016 Mar 14.

Departments of Pediatrics and of Microbiology/Immunology, School of Medicine, and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA.

More than 15 years ago, mutations in the autoimmune regulator (AIRE) gene were identified as the cause of autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 1 (APS1). It is now clear that this transcription factor has a crucial role in promoting self-tolerance in the thymus by regulating the expression of a wide array of self-antigens that have the commonality of being tissue-restricted in their expression pattern in the periphery. In this Review, we highlight many of the recent advances in our understanding of the complex biology that is related to AIRE, with a particular focus on advances in genetics, molecular interactions and the effect of AIRE on thymic selection of regulatory T cells. Read More

Neurology 2016 Mar 2;86(13):1262-3. Epub 2016 Mar 2.

From the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City.

J Immunol 2016 Apr 22;196(7):2955-64. Epub 2016 Feb 22.

Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; Research Programs Unit, Immunobiology Research Program, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;

Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy (APECED) is a monogenic autoimmune disease caused by mutations in the AIRE gene. Although mainly an endocrine disease, a substantial fraction of patients have gastrointestinal manifestations. In this study, we have examined the role of anticommensal responses and their regulation. Read More

Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi 2016 Feb;18(2):147-51

Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.

The clinical data of one patient with autoimmune polyendocrinopathy syndrome type I were collected. PCR-DNA direct bidirectional sequencing was applied for mutation screening of 14 exons in autoimmune regulator (AIRE) gene in the patient and her parents. A total of 50 unrelated healthy controls were selected and tested. Read More

Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2016 Sep 10;85(3):347-53. Epub 2016 Mar 10.

WINEG, Scientific Institute of the TK for Benefit and Efficiency in Health Care, Hamburg, Germany.

Objective: Adrenal crises are potentially life-threatening complications in patients with adrenal insufficiency (AI). Our objective was to investigate the frequency of adrenal crises in different forms of AI.

Design/patients: The Statutory Health Insurance (SHI) database of the Techniker Krankenkasse - covering more than 12% of the German population - was analysed for diagnostic codes from 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2013. Read More

J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2016 Apr 18;101(4):1344-7. Epub 2016 Feb 18.

Endocrinology Department (E.S.), IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; Outpatient Clinic (E.F.), Gastroenterology Department (D.R., S.P.), and Healthy and Sick Child Nutrition Department (E.R.), Scientific Center for Children's Health, 119991 Moscow, Russia; Department and Laboratory of Inherited Endocrine Disorders (E.V., V.P., A.T.), Endocrinology Research Centre, 117036 Moscow, Russia; and Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology of Medical Scientific Educational Centre of Lomonosov (A.T.), Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia.

We describe APS1 in a boy with generalized lipodystrophy, oral candidiasis, autoimmune hepatitis and adrenal insufficiency. It is the first time when generalized lipodystrophy is associated with APS1. Read More