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Arthritis Rheumatol 2020 Jul 20. Epub 2020 Jul 20.

Rheumatology Department, 1st affiliated hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.

We read with great interest the article by professor Ferrada and colleagues (1). In this prospective observational cohort, the authors defined three subgroups of relapsing polychondritis (RP). Read More

Arthritis Rheumatol 2020 Jul 20. Epub 2020 Jul 20.

Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institutes of Health, NIAMS, Bethesda, MD, USA.

We read with great interest the very thoughtful letter from Dr. Zhang and colleagues and thank the authors for their interest in our study entitled "Defining Clinical Subgroups in Relapsing Polychondritis: A Prospective Observational Study". Read More

Z Rheumatol 2020 Jul 17. Epub 2020 Jul 17.

Medizinische Klinik mit Schwerpunkt Rheumatologie und Klinische Immunologie, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Deutschland.

Auricular chondritis frequently occurs in relapsing polychondritis. In addition to the primary form of the disease up to 30% of cases of chondritis can be secondary, e.g. Read More

Yeungnam Univ J Med 2020 Jun 19. Epub 2020 Jun 19.

Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea.

Relapsing polychondritis (RP) is a rare, progressive immune-mediated systemic inflammatory disease of unknown etiology, characterized by recurrent inflammation of cartilaginous structures. Approximately 30% of RP cases are associated with other autoimmune diseases. However, the co-occurrence of RP and Crohn's disease (CD) has rarely been reported. Read More

Chest 2020 Jul 2;158(1):e33-e36. Epub 2020 Jul 2.

Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington; VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA. Electronic address:

Case Presentation: A 68-year-old man developed an erythematous, papular, pruritic rash on his right thigh 1 month prior to presentation. It subsequently spread to his other extremities and trunk. He also endorsed fevers of > 38. Read More

Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2020 Jul 9:1-5. Epub 2020 Jul 9.

Ophthalmology Department, Rothschild Foundation Hospital , Paris, France.

Objective: Describe our experience with tocilizumab in the treatment of refractory relapsing polychondritis with ocular involvement.

Methods: Retrospective consecutive interventional case series that included all patients that received tocilizumab for the treatment of relapsing polychondritis with ocular manifestations.

Results: Three cases were selected and the duration of tocilizumab treatment ranged from 1 to 2 years. Read More

Arch Rheumatol 2020 Mar 6;35(1):142-145. Epub 2019 Nov 6.

Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Health Sciences University, Kartal Dr. Lütfi Kırdar Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.

Relapsing polychondritis (RP) is a rare multisystemic disease. It affects cartilage and proteoglycan-rich structures. Ocular findings are the most frequent systemic involvement of the disease. Read More

Clin Exp Rheumatol 2020 Jun 23. Epub 2020 Jun 23.

Department of Rheumatology, the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.

Objectives: Although relapsing polychondritis (RP) is considered as an immune-mediated systemic disease, the levels of peripheral lymphocyte subpopulations are rarely studied in patients with RP. In this study, we focused on changes of peripheral CD4+T cell subsets in patients with RP.

Methods: Absolute numbers and percentages of CD4+T cell subsets including helper T(Th)1, Th2, Th17 cells and regulatory T (Treg) cells in peripheral blood (PB) from 19 RP patients, healthy controls and RA patients respectively were assessed by flow cytometry combined a microbead-based single-platform method. Read More

Rheumatology (Oxford) 2020 May 27. Epub 2020 May 27.

Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, National Referral Centre for rare Juvenile Rheumatologic and Autoimmune Diseases (RAISE), Hôpital Lyon Sud, Pierre-Bénite, Hospices Civils de Lyon, France.

Arch Cardiol Mex 2020 ;90(2):189-192

Departamento de Cardiología Clínica. Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Ciudad de México, México.

Relapsing polychondritis is an inflammatory disease that involves cartilaginous structures predominantly in the nose, ears and respiratory tract. Cardiovascular involvement is not common. Despite this, they are the second cause of death in patients with relapsing polychondritis. Read More

J Clin Rheumatol 2020 Jun;26(4):e81-e82

Department of Radiology, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany.

Clin Nucl Med 2020 Jul;45(7):e327-e328

From the Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan.

We present a case of a 38-year-old woman who complained with cough, fever, and back pain with a weight loss. F-FDG PET/CT to search fever origin revealed uptake in the tracheobronchial and the left auricular cartilage and wall of the thoracic aorta. She underwent biopsy of the left auricle and was diagnosed with relapsing polychondritis (RP) complicating vasculitis. Read More

Orbit 2020 May 3:1-3. Epub 2020 May 3.

Department of Ophthalmology, Northwell Health, Great Neck, NY, USA.

We describe a 75-year-old woman with rapid onset orbital inflammatory syndrome as her initial manifestation of relapsing polychondritis. Patient presented after the development of right eyelid swelling, erythema, and proptosis over a 48-hour period. Visual acuity was 20/30 in both eyes. Read More

J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2020 May 9;18(5):483-486. Epub 2020 Apr 9.

Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany.

J Thromb Thrombolysis 2020 May;49(4):681-684

Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Yakushiji 3311-1, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan.

Cerebral amyloid angiopathy-related inflammation is a syndrome of reversible encephalopathy with cerebral amyloid angiopathy, however the pathology is not well understood. We clear a part of the pathology through the first case of an 80-year-old man with cerebral amyloid angiopathy-related inflammation induced by relapsing polychondritis (RP) analysis. An 80-year-old man was diagnosed with RP by auricular cartilage biopsy. Read More

Arthritis Rheumatol 2020 Apr 6. Epub 2020 Apr 6.

National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland.

Objective: Relapsing polychondritis (RP) is a systemic disease. Failure to recognize RP can lead to diagnostic delay and further complications, including death. This study was undertaken to identify clinical patterns in a prospective cohort of patients with RP. Read More

J Rheumatol 2020 Apr 1. Epub 2020 Apr 1.

From the Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institutes of Health, NIAMS, Bethesda, MD, USA; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Medical Scientist Training Program, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Division of Rheumatology, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA. Funding and Conflict of Interest Disclosure: This research was supported by the Division of Intramural Research of the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases. The authors declare no conflicts of interest. Corresponding Author: Peter C Grayson, MD National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 10 Center Drive, 10N-311D Bethesda, Maryland 20892. Email:

Objective: To assess the validity and clinical utility of the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (BIPQ) to measure illness perceptions in multiple forms of vasculitis.

Methods: Patients with giant cell arteritis (GCA), Takayasu's arteritis (TAK), ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) and relapsing polychondritis (RP) were recruited into a prospective, observational cohort. Patients independently completed the BIPQ, Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI), SF-36 Health Survey (SF-36) and a Patient Global Assessment (PtGA) at successive study visits. Read More

Rheumatology (Oxford) 2020 Jul;59(7):1785-1786

Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.

Case Rep Rheumatol 2020 21;2020:7464503. Epub 2020 Feb 21.

University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, Illinois, USA.

Background: Relapsing Polychondritis is a rare rheumatologic condition with multisystem involvement. Common presenting symptoms are auricular and nasal chondritis. Common complications include hearing loss and cardiac involvement. Read More

Int J Rheum Dis 2020 May 27;23(5):641-646. Epub 2020 Feb 27.

Department of Rheumatology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.

Aim: Genetic factors are believed to be implicated in the pathogenesis of relapsing polychondritis (RP). However, the molecular genetic determinants remain to be elucidated. This study aimed to detect the susceptibility genes of RP with whole-exome sequencing (WES) in a Chinese family and deepen our understanding of the pathogenesis of RP thereafter. Read More

Neuroimmunomodulation 2020 26;27(1):69-74. Epub 2020 Feb 26.

Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.

Objective: The aim of this paper is to report 2 cases with overlapping syndromes in autoimmune glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) astrocytopathy.

Methods: Antibodies were detected by indirect immunofluorescence assay. Patient data were analyzed retrospectively. Read More

Intern Med 2020 May 19;59(10):1287-1290. Epub 2020 Feb 19.

Division of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Japan.

We herein report a 47-year-old man with relapsing polychondritis who developed monomorphic ventricular tachycardia (VT). His electrocardiogram in sinus rhythm showed a coved-type pattern, and there was no evidence of structural cardiac disease; therefore, he was diagnosed with Brugada syndrome. An electrophysiological study revealed a prolonged His-ventricular interval at the baseline. Read More

Intern Med 2020 05 12;59(10):1339-1340. Epub 2020 Feb 12.

Department of Neurology, Toyama University Hospital, Japan.

Clin Rheumatol 2020 Jul 8;39(7):2179-2184. Epub 2020 Feb 8.

Rheumatology Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.

Objective: The diagnosis of relapsing polychondritis (RP) is often mistaken or delayed. In this retrospective cohort, we aimed to unveil the causes responsible for such phenomenon, to determine the associated factors, and to compare diagnosis in clinical settings with the current diagnostic criteria.

Method: Eighty-seven RP patients followed-up by rheumatologists from January 1, 2008, to October 31, 2018, were retrospectively analyzed. Read More

Microorganisms 2020 Feb 5;8(2). Epub 2020 Feb 5.

McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin, 9431 WIMR, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA.

Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination is widely practiced around the world to protect against the mycobacterial infection tuberculosis. BCG is also effective against the pathogenic mycobacteria that cause leprosy and Buruli's ulcer. BCG is part of the standard of care for bladder cancer where, when given as an intravesicular irrigant, BCG acts as an immunomodulating agent and lessens the risk of recurrence. Read More

BMC Rheumatol 2020 29;4. Epub 2020 Jan 29.

1Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574 Japan.

Background: Relapsing polychondritis (RPC) is a rare progressive autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation in the cartilage of multiple organs. Tracheobronchial involvement appears in nearly half of RPC patients during the course of their disease and represents the main cause of death. Localized tracheobronchial RPC is much rarer, and the pathogenesis remains unclear. Read More

Asian J Endosc Surg 2020 Feb 3. Epub 2020 Feb 3.

Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.

A 69-year-old man underwent single-incision laparoscopic colectomy for a colon tumor. He had comorbid relapsing polychondritis, an uncommon and intractable chronic inflammatory disease that shows various symptoms and systemically invades the cartilaginous tissue throughout the body. In this case, the bronchial wall was edematous and the glottis was incompetent. Read More

Intern Med 2020 Apr 1;59(8):1093-1097. Epub 2020 Feb 1.

Department of General Internal Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan.

A 25-year-old woman had convulsions and disturbance of consciousness. Head magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed punctate areas in the occipital lobes with increased signals on T2-weighted imaging. The MRI abnormalities responded well to steroid pulse therapy, so we made a diagnosis of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES). Read More

Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2020 23;28(1):67-69. Epub 2018 Dec 23.

Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, China.

: To report a case of chronic anterior uveitis associated with relapsing polychondritis (RP).: A 43-year-old female patient presenting with bilateral progressive vision loss was diagnosed with bilateral anterior uveitis. According to her clinical signs and symptoms and biopsy results, RP was ultimately diagnosed. Read More

J Clin Rheumatol 2020 Jan 24. Epub 2020 Jan 24.

From the Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.

Radiographics 2020 Jan-Feb;40(1):223-240

From the Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology (M.H., R.M.), and Division of Rheumatic Diseases (H.K., H.Y.), National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan.

Rheumatic diseases are various painful conditions that affect joints, bones, cartilage, tendons, ligaments, and muscles. Arthritis is a typical condition of rheumatic disease. Although rheumatoid arthritis is a representative rheumatic disease, various diseases other than rheumatoid arthritis can also affect joints, and differential diagnosis of rheumatic diseases is often difficult owing to the similar clinical manifestations. Read More

Rheumatology (Oxford) 2020 Jul;59(7):1780-1782

Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.

Mod Rheumatol 2020 Jan 6:1-11. Epub 2020 Jan 6.

Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Relapsing polychondritis (RP) is a rare auto-immune disease that causes progressive destruction of cartilaginous structures. Most cases of pediatric-onset RP were published as a single case report or hand-full case series although the prevalence of RP is unknown. This review aimed to describe the characteristics of pediatric-onset RP in order to provide a comparison between childhood and adulthood features of the disease and to review the experiences of biological agents used in children with RP. Read More

J Rheumatol 2019 Dec 15. Epub 2019 Dec 15.

From the Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases, and the Department of Radiology, Institute for Research and Health Care (IRCCS) San Raffaele Hospital; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy. A. Tomelleri, MD, Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University; C. Campochiaro, MD, Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, and Vita- Salute San Raffaele University; S. Sartorelli, MD, Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University; M. Papa, MD, Department of Radiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital; G. De Luca, MD, Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University; G. Cavalli, MD, PhD, Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University; E. Baldissera, MD, Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital; L. Dagna, MD, FACP, FEFIM(Hon), Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University. Address correspondence to Dr. C. Campochiaro, Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy. E-mail: Accepted for publication December 3, 2019.

Objective: To describe the features of large-vessel vasculitis (LVV) as it affects the aorta and its branches in patients with relapsing polychondritis (RP).

Methods: Retrospective data and systematic literature review.

Results: Twenty-one patients were identified. Read More

Rheumatology (Oxford) 2020 01;59(1):7-8

Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Spain.

Arthritis Res Ther 2019 12 12;21(1):282. Epub 2019 Dec 12.

The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, China Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 151 Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong Province, China.

Background: F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) is a promising tool for diagnosing relapsing polychondritis (RP). However, its usefulness in assessing RP with airway involvement is unknown.

Objective: This study aimed to further evaluate and confirm the potency of F-FDG PET/CT in diagnosing RP with airway involvement and monitoring response to steroid-based therapy. Read More

Oxf Med Case Reports 2019 Sep 28;2019(9):omz091. Epub 2019 Sep 28.

Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chitose City Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan.

Recurrent auricular inflammation with pain and swelling is due to the composition and environmental exposures experienced by the constituent parts of the ear. A painful, swollen ear may suggest acute perichondritis, subperichondrial hematoma or relapsing polychondritis (RP). Here, we report a case of a 51-year-old Asian man who had an approximately 2-year history of recurrent auricular swelling and was referred for suspected RP. Read More

Rheumatol Int 2019 Nov 25. Epub 2019 Nov 25.

Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa, 34998, Istanbul, Turkey.

Relapsing polychondritis is a systemic inflammatory disease that mainly affects ears, nose, eyes, joints, and large airway. Relapsing polychondritis may also affect cardiac valves and large vessels with the aorta being most frequently involved. We conducted a systematic literature review to delineate the clinical characteristics, treatment, and outcome of relapsing polychondritis patients with aortic involvement including thoracic and abdominal aorta, aortic valve, and coronary arteries. Read More

Respirol Case Rep 2020 Jan 12;8(1):e00501. Epub 2019 Nov 12.

Monash Lung and Sleep Monash Health Clayton Victoria Australia.

Relapsing polychondritis is a rare autoimmune condition characterized by episodic and progressive cartilaginous inflammation. Its clinical presentation is vastly divergent and can affect various organs. We report the uncommon case of large airway involvement in a patient presenting with shortness of breath on the background of diagnosed relapsing polychondritis. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2019 Nov;98(44):e17768

Department of Respiratory Diseases, Reims University Hospital.

Relapsing polychondritis (RP) is a rare immune-mediated disease affecting cartilaginous structures. Respiratory tract manifestations are frequent and constitute a major cause of morbidity and mortality. The present review of the literature was designed to assess the efficacy of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) inhibitors in respiratory tract involvement of RP. Read More

Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2019 Oct 30:1-3. Epub 2019 Oct 30.

Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku City, Kochi, Japan.

Purpose: To report a case of miscellaneous ocular symptoms associated with relapsing polychondritis (RP).

Case Report: A 58-year-old man presented with multiple ocular symptoms including both anterior and posterior scleritis, conjunctivitis, eyelid edema, eye movement disorder, keratitis, and retinopathy. Miscellaneous systemic inflammation in the right auricle as well as nasal and laryngeal cartilage was also evident together with vestibular and auditory nerve disorders. Read More

Arch Craniofac Surg 2019 Oct 20;20(5):341-344. Epub 2019 Oct 20.

Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.

Relapsing polychondritis (RP) is a rare autoimmune disorder of unknown etiology characterized by recurrent episodes of inflammation and the destruction of cartilaginous tissues, primarily involving the ear, nose, and the respiratory tract. Nasal chondritis is present in 24% of patients at the time of diagnosis and develops subsequently in 53% throughout the diseases progress. Progressive destruction of nasal cartilage leads to the characteristic flattening of the nasal bridge, resulting in the saddle nose deformity. Read More

Ophthalmic Genet 2019 10 25;40(5):443-448. Epub 2019 Oct 25.

Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.

: Mutations in have been mainly associated with X-linked incomplete congenital stationary night blindness (icCSNB). Variable phenotypic expression in females was reported in some families. We report here three non-related Ashkenazi Jewish families originating in Eastern Europe, that included males and a many affected females, initially diagnosed with variable retinal phenotypes. Read More

Rheumatology (Oxford) 2020 Jul;59(7):1764

Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.

Rev Esp Med Nucl Imagen Mol 2020 Jan - Feb;39(1):35-36. Epub 2019 Oct 5.

Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China; Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, No. 25, Taiping St, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China. Electronic address:

Korean J Radiol 2019 10;20(10):1441-1453

Department of Radiology, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada.

Identification of certain abnormalities of the chest wall can be extremely helpful in correctly diagnosing a number of syndromic conditions and systemic diseases. Additionally, chest wall abnormalities may sometimes constitute diagnoses by themselves. In the present pictorial essay, we review a number of such conditions and provide illustrative cases that were retrospectively identified from our clinical imaging database. Read More

Gigascience 2019 09;8(9)

Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA.

Background: Structural variation (SV) plays a pivotal role in genetic disease. The discovery of SVs based on short DNA sequence reads from next-generation DNA sequence methods is error-prone, with low sensitivity and high false discovery rates. These shortcomings can be partially overcome with extensive orthogonal validation methods or use of long reads, but the current cost precludes their application for routine clinical diagnostics. Read More

Pol Arch Intern Med 2019 08 29;129(7-8):539-541. Epub 2019 Aug 29.

J Neuroophthalmol 2019 12;39(4):513-514

Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Science (YM, KF, AF), Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nephrology (YT), and Otolaryngology (MK), Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku City, Japan.

Clin Chest Med 2019 09 6;40(3):599-608. Epub 2019 Jul 6.

Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, 300 Cedar Street, TACS-525, New Haven, CT 06520-8031, USA. Electronic address:

Ankylosing spondylitis, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and relapsing polychondritis are immune-mediated inflammatory diseases with variable involvement of lungs, heart and the chest wall. Ankylosing spondylitis is associated with anterior chest wall pain, restrictive lung disease, obstructive sleep apnea, apical fibrosis, spontaneous pneumothorax, abnormalities of cardiac valves and conduction system, and aortitis. Patients with IBD can develop necrobiotic lung nodules that can be misdiagnosed as malignancy or infection. Read More