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PLoS Pathog 2018 Dec 6;14(12):e1007409. Epub 2018 Dec 6.

Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America.

Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2018 Dec 3;143(24):1755-1758. Epub 2018 Dec 3.

Klinische Arbeitsgemeinschaft AIDS Deutschland (KAAD), Sektion der Deutschen AIDS-Gesellschaft (DAIG).

Guidelines from 3 clinical societies and peer-reviewed publications have been reviewed for recent changes in the management of opportunistic infections. Trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazol administered intravenously is an option to treat cerebral toxoplasmosis if oral therapy is not feasible. CD4 T cell cut-off for starting prophylaxis with trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole is now 200/µl. Read More

J Thorac Dis 2018 Oct;10(10):E736-E738

Department of Critical Care, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.

J Rheumatol 2018 Dec 1. Epub 2018 Dec 1.

From the Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei City; Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taiwan and Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei City, Taiwan. The study was funded partially by grants from Taipei Veterans General Hospital (V107A-005 and V107B-018). The funder has no role in study design, data collection, analysis, and interpretation of data, writing the manuscript, and the decision to submit this work for publication. Y.S. Sun, MD, Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, and Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University; D.F. Huang, MD, Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, and Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University; F.C. Lin, MD, PhD, Department of Chest Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, and Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University; C.K. Hsu, MD, Department of Chest Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital Yuli Branch; I.T. Sun, MD, Department of Ophthalmology, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University; S.C. Chang, MD, PhD, Professor, Department of Chest Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, and Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, National Yang-Ming University; C.Y. Tsai, MD, PhD, Professor, Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, and Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University; C.C. Lai, MD, Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, and Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University. Address correspondence to Dr. C.C. Lai, Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Beitou District, Taipei City, Taiwan 11217 (R.O.C.). E-mail: Accepted for publication August 10, 2018.

Objective: To evaluate the role of cytomegaloviral or pneumonia (CMV/PJP) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients with pulmonary hemorrhage (PH).

Methods: We retrospectively examined hospital records for 27 SLE patients with PH who received bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) analyses. Clinical profile and mortality rates were compared between groups with and without CMV/PJP. Read More

Respir Med 2018 Dec 22;145:35-40. Epub 2018 Oct 22.

Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center/Strong Memorial Hospital, Rochester, NY, USA.

Introduction: Pulmonary infiltrates in immunosuppressed patients are common. Yields from bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) has been reported to be between 31 and 65%. The clinical impact of pneumocystis and viral Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing on BAL has not been extensively evaluated in a mixed immunosuppressed patient population. Read More

Ann Rheum Dis 2018 Nov 28. Epub 2018 Nov 28.

Department of Medicine, Beaujon University Hospital, Clichy, France.

J Microbiol Immunol Infect 2018 Dec 12;51(6):860-861. Epub 2018 Nov 12.

Department of Critical Care Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; College of Human Science and Social Innovation, Hungkuang University, Taichung, 43302, Taiwan; School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40447, Taiwan. Electronic address:

J Fungi (Basel) 2018 Nov 22;4(4). Epub 2018 Nov 22.

Public Health Wales Microbiology Cardiff, UHW, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XW, UK.

The rates of pneumonia (PcP) are increasing in the HIV-negative susceptible population. Guidance for the prophylaxis and treatment of PcP in HIV, haematology, and solid-organ transplant (SOT) recipients is available, although for many other populations (e.g. Read More

Rev Iberoam Micol 2018 Nov 19. Epub 2018 Nov 19.

Departamento de Inmunología, Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina y Enfermería, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, España. Electronic address:

The landscape of invasive mycoses is in a continuous evolution with important implications for their diagnosis and treatment. The overall burden remains high, particularly in neonates and the elderly, patients admitted to intensive care units, using prostheses, catheters or other intravenous devices, those receiving different immunosuppressant treatments or antineoplastic chemotherapy, or transplant recipients. In addition, opportunistic mycoses can be associated with HIV infection. Read More

BMC Nephrol 2018 Nov 21;19(1):332. Epub 2018 Nov 21.

Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 1685 Highland Ave, 4177 Medical Foundation Centennial Building, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.

Background: The goal of this study was to identify predictors for development of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) in kidney and simultaneous kidney and pancreas transplant recipients in the present era of universal primary prophylaxis.

Methods: We reviewed adult recipients of kidney transplant or simultaneous pancreas and kidney transplant at the University of Wisconsin between January 1, 1994 and December 31, 2016. Patients diagnosed with PJP during this time frame were included. Read More

Br J Haematol 2018 Nov 20. Epub 2018 Nov 20.

Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.

Crit Care 2018 Nov 19;22(1):307. Epub 2018 Nov 19.

Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.

Background: Despite modern intensive care with standardized strategies against acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), Pneumocystis pneumonia (PcP) remains a life-threatening disease with a high mortality rate. Here, we analyzed a large mixed cohort of immunocompromised patients with PcP, with regard to clinical course and treatment, and aimed at identifying predictors of outcome.

Methods: This was a single-center retrospective analysis in a tertiary care institution across 17 years. Read More

Paediatr Int Child Health 2018 Nov 19:1-9. Epub 2018 Nov 19.

g Centre for Medical Education , Queen's University , Belfast , UK.

Background: Malawisuccessfully achieved Millennium Development Goal (MDG) four by decreasing the under-5 mortality rate by two-thirds in 2012. Despite this progress child mortality is still high and in 2013, the leading causes of death in under-5s were malaria, acute respiratory infections and HIV/AIDS.

Aims: To determine the causes of inpatient child death including microbiological aetiologies in Malawi. Read More

Front Immunol 2018 2;9:2554. Epub 2018 Nov 2.

Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.

Early diagnosis of primary immunodeficiency disorders (PID) is vital and allows directed treatment, especially in syndromes with severe or profound combined immunodeficiency. In PID patients with perinatal CMV or other opportunistic, invasive infections (e.g. Read More

Semin Arthritis Rheum 2018 Nov 3. Epub 2018 Nov 3.

Division of Rheumatology, University of California San Francisco, United States.

Introduction/objectives: Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) is a rare but potentially fatal opportunistic infection; however, consensus varies around which conditions or medications confer a level of risk sufficient to justify antibiotic prophylaxis for PJP. We used electronic health record (EHR) data to assess the current patterns of PJP prophylaxis, PJP outcomes, and prophylaxis-related adverse events among patients with rheumatic diseases who were receiving high-risk immunosuppressant drugs.

Methods: Data derive from the EHR of a large health system. Read More

Eur J Dermatol 2018 Nov 13. Epub 2018 Nov 13.

Center for Big Data Analytics and Statistics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, China, Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.

Ann Lab Med 2019 Mar;39(2):176-182

Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Background: Real-time PCR is more sensitive than microscopic examination for detecting . We compared the performance of two assays for detecting DNA: the RealStar PCR Kit 1.0 CE (Altona Diagnostics, Hamburg, Germany) and the AmpliSens ()-FRT PCR kit (InterLabService Ltd. Read More

Mol Ecol 2018 Nov 14. Epub 2018 Nov 14.

The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Květná 8, 603 65, Brno, Czech Republic.

Parasite hybrid zones resulting from host secondary contact have never been described in nature although parasite hybridization is well known and secondary contact should affect them similarly to free-living organisms. When host populations are isolated, diverge, and re-contact, intimate parasites (host specific, direct life cycle) carried during isolation will also meet and so may form parasite hybrid zones. If so, we hypothesize these should be narrower than the host's hybrid zone as shorter parasite generation time allows potentially higher divergence. Read More

J Oncol Pract 2018 Nov;14(11):e674-e682

University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL.

Purpose:: We hypothesized that a multidisciplinary collaborative physician-pharmacist multiple myeloma clinic would improve adherence to treatment and supportive care guidelines as well as reduce delays in receiving oral antimyeloma therapy.

Methods:: From March 2014 to February 2015, an oncology pharmacist provided consultation for all patients in a specialist myeloma clinic. This included reviewing medications, ensuring physician adherence to supportive care guidelines, managing treatment-related adverse effects, and navigating issues involving access to oral specialty medications (collaborative clinic). Read More

J Infect 2018 Jul 6. Epub 2018 Jul 6.

INSERM U1070, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France; Faculté de médecine et pharmacie, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France; Service de maladies infectieuses et tropicales, CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France.

Objectives: Latent infections are well-known for bacteria such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis and for viruses such as Herpesviridae and parasites like Leishmania spp. or Toxoplasma gondii. However, invasive fungi may also be latent and come to reactivate. Read More

Bone Marrow Transplant 2018 Nov 9. Epub 2018 Nov 9.

Department of Hematology and Cellular Therapy, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris; Henri Mondor Hospital, 94000, Créteil, France.

Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) is a life-threatening disease in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) recipients. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) is the preferred prophylaxis but has significant toxicity. We assessed 139 consecutive HCT patients for PCP prophylaxis in our center. Read More

JAMA Intern Med 2018 Nov;178(11):1566-1567

Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland.

JAMA Intern Med 2018 Nov;178(11):1565-1566

Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco.

Parasitol Res 2018 Nov 3. Epub 2018 Nov 3.

Department of Biology and Medical Parasitology, Wroclaw Medical University, ul. J. Mikulicza-Radeckiego 9, 50-345, Wroclaw, Poland.

Pneumocystis jirovecii is an opportunistic fungus occurring in human lungs. The group at highest risk consists of HIV-infected and non-HIV-infected immunosuppressed individuals. In these patients, P. Read More

Med Mycol 2018 Oct 31. Epub 2018 Oct 31.

The Department of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.

To examine the relationship between Pneumocystis jirovecii DNA (PJ-DNA) levels in blood from AIDS-associated Pneumocystis pneumonia (AIDS-PCP) and mortality, and to correlate mitochondrial large subunit rRNA (mtLSUrRNA) gene polymorphism with mortality, we performed a retrospective study including AIDS-PCP patients between 2014 and 2016 from one hospital in China. PJ-DNA in plasma was measured by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of the mtLSUrRNA gene and in positive specimens we further detected the level of PJ-DNA using qPCR. Polymorphisms were observed at two positions (85 and 248) of the mtLSUrRNA gene by sequencing. Read More

Tex Heart Inst J 2018 08 1;45(4):254-259. Epub 2018 Aug 1.

The use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in patients who have acute respiratory distress syndrome has been generally beneficial. However, because of various concerns, ECMO has rarely been used in patients who have human immunodeficiency virus infection with or without acquired immune deficiency syndrome. We report our successful use of venovenous ECMO in a 29-year-old man who presented with severe respiratory distress secondary to Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia associated with undiagnosed infection with the human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Read More

PLoS One 2018 25;13(10):e0206231. Epub 2018 Oct 25.

Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

Background: Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) is often fatal in human immunodeficiency (HIV)-negative patients and typically presents with respiratory insufficiency. Predicting treatment failure is challenging. This study aimed to identify prognostic factors and examine PCP polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-negative conversion in non-HIV PCP patients with respiratory failure. Read More

Environ Microbiol 2018 Oct 22. Epub 2018 Oct 22.

State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.

Autophagy is important for growth, development and pathogenesis in fungi. Although autophagic process is generally considered to be conserved, the conservation and evolution of ATG genes at kingdom-wide remains to be conducted. Here we systematically identified 41 known ATG genes in 331 species and analyzed their distribution across the fungal kingdom. Read More

J Assoc Physicians India 2018 Jan;66(1):28-31

Professor and Head, Department of Microbiology, Christian Medical College, Ludhiana, Punjab.

Objectives: Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) can differ in HIV and non HIV population due to degree of immunity. This study was undertaken with an aim to highlight the differences between the two groups.

Methods: It was an observational study conducted in the department of Medicine of a tertiary care institution in North India. Read More

Acute Med Surg 2018 Oct 19;5(4):384-389. Epub 2018 Aug 19.

Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine Tokyo Medical University Shinjuku Japan.

Case: Several successful uses of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for acute respiratory distress syndrome in patients with novel HIV/AIDS infection have been reported; however, the therapeutic keys have not always been discussed.A 47-year-old man was admitted with progressive shortness of breath. He was in respiratory failure with a PaO/FO ratio of 110. Read More

Rev Med Suisse 2018 Oct;14(623):1829-1833

Service de médecine interne générale, HUG, 1211 Genève 14.

Pneumocystis jirovecii (formely carinii) pneumonia (PcP) affects immunosuppressed patients. Cotrimoxazole prophylaxis has proven to be effective and its indications in HIV patients are well established. In non-HIV patients, the prognosis is poorer and diagnostic tests are of lower sensitivity. Read More

J Med Microbiol 2018 Dec 17;67(12):1772-1777. Epub 2018 Oct 17.

From the Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.

The importance of lung macrophages in Pneumocystis-host interaction is well known, but little is known about the initial binding/colonization of the airway epithelium. Our prior studies have documented cell-signalling events that occur following binding of the organisms to lung epithelial cells; however, the receptors that mediate Pneumocystis attachment to lung surfaces have not yet been fully defined. Using affinity chromatography, we identified heat shock protein 5 (HSPA5), also known as GRP78, as a potential host receptor that may have relevance in Pneumocystis lung colonization. Read More

Cureus 2018 Aug 1;10(8):e3082. Epub 2018 Aug 1.

Department of Psychiatry, Windsor University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA.

Objective To evaluate the difference in hospitalization outcomes, including morbidity and mortality among patients admitted for Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and non-HIV condition. Methods A case-control study was done using the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) data. We identified PCP and HIV as the primary and secondary diagnosis using ICD-9--CM diagnosis codes. Read More

Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2018 Oct 15. Epub 2018 Oct 15.

Mayo Clinic Minnesota Department of Radiology, 198511, Radiology, Rochester, Minnesota, United States.

Transplant Proc 2018 Oct 15;50(8):2350-2353. Epub 2018 Mar 15.

Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea; Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea. Electronic address:

Kidney transplant recipients are at increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and malignant neoplasm, and meticulous evaluation of potential recipients is needed to minimize risks of complications after transplantation. The purpose of this study was to analyze the results of preoperative assessments and document the importance of timed and detailed examinations.

Methods: Medical records of patients evaluated as kidney transplant candidates from January 2015 to September 2017 were retrospectively collected and analyzed. Read More

Curr Opin Infect Dis 2018 Dec;31(6):481-489

Department of Medicine, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, USA.

Purpose Of Review: Invasive fungal disease (IFD) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections occur frequently, either concomitantly or sequentially in immune-compromised hosts. Although there is extensive knowledge of the risk factors for these infections as single entities, the inter-relationship between opportunistic fungii and CMV has not been comprehensively explored.

Recent Findings: Both solid organ and stem cell transplant recipients who develop CMV invasive organ disease are at an increased risk of developing IFD, particularly aspergillosis and Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP). Read More

Med Mycol 2018 Oct 4. Epub 2018 Oct 4.

Universidad de Sevilla, Spain.

The possible presence of Pneumocystis in a bronchoscopy unit of a tertiary-hospital was examined by detecting Pneumocystis-specific DNA by polymerase chain reaction in prospectively obtained samples of oropharyngeal wash from seven healthcare workers (HCWs) and air from three areas of the unit at different time points (baseline, days +15,+30,+60,+90 after initiation of the study). Positive samples were genotyped at two genetic loci: the mitochondrial large subunit ribosomal RNA (mtLSUrRNA) fragment by direct sequencing and the gene for dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS) by restriction fragment-length polymorphism. Pneumocystis DNA was identified in 13/24 samples from HCWs, in 4/14 air samples and also in two patients with Pneumocystis pneumonia (PcP) and another with a Pneumocystis-associated disease subjected to bronchoscopy on days +15 and +60 after initiation of the study. Read More

Medchemcomm 2017 Nov 7;8(11):2164. Epub 2017 Nov 7.

Division of Infectious Diseases , Department of Internal Medicine , University of Cincinnati College of Medicine , 231 Albert Sabin Way , Cincinnati , OH 45267 , USA . Email:

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1039/C7MD00445A.]. Read More

Am J Emerg Med 2018 Sep 30. Epub 2018 Sep 30.

Department of Internal Medicine, "Dr. José E. González" University Hospital of the School of Medicine of the Nuevo León Autonomous University, Monterrey, Mexico.

We present the case of a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patient who arrived at our emergency department with fever, headache and exertional dyspnea. Throughout their stay, a chest x-ray was taken and a rounded opacity in his left lung was observed. CT images showed same abnormality and also ground glass opacities were seen. Read More

Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2018 Oct 4. Epub 2018 Oct 4.

Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, China.

Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) is a common opportunistic infectious disease that is prevalent in immunosuppressed hosts. Accumulating evidence shows that B cells play an important role in infectious diseases. In the present study, the immune regulatory role of mature B cells in host defense to Pneumocystis was evaluated. Read More

J Investig Med High Impact Case Rep 2018 Jan-Dec;6:2324709618802869. Epub 2018 Sep 29.

Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.

infection is a common cause of pneumonia in animals but rarely causes disease in humans. Additionally, coinfection with is very uncommon and is occasionally seen in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). We report a case of a 61-year-old HIV-negative man, who presented with hypoxic respiratory failure 2 days after completion of systemic intravenous antibiotic treatment for His past medical history was significant for a benign thymoma. Read More

Front Immunol 2018 19;9:2131. Epub 2018 Sep 19.

Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States.

Invasive fungal infections, including Pneumonia (PcP), remain frequent life-threatening conditions of patients with adaptive immune defects. While innate immunity helps control pathogen growth early during infection, it is typically not sufficient for complete protection against and other human fungal pathogens. Alveolar macrophages (AM) possess pattern recognition molecules capable of recognizing antigenic and structural determinants of . Read More

Infect Chemother 2018 Sep;50(3):266-267

Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Infect Chemother 2018 Sep;50(3):263-265

Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.

Clin Exp Emerg Med 2018 Sep 30;5(3):192-198. Epub 2018 Sep 30.

Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea.

Objective: Dapsone (diaminodiphenyl sulfone, DDS) is currently used to treat leprosy, malaria, dermatitis herpetiformis, and other diseases. It is also used to treat pneumocystis pneumonia and Toxoplasma gondii infection in HIV-positive patients. The most common adverse effect of DDS is methemoglobinemia from oxidative stress. Read More

Exp Ther Med 2018 Oct 7;16(4):3227-3232. Epub 2018 Aug 7.

Medical Intensive Care Unit, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, P.R. China.

For the past two decades, echinocandins have shown prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy in patients with pneumonia (PJP), due to their ability to inhibit the synthesis of β-1, 3-glucan, a major component of the cell wall of . The present study reported two cases of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative patients who received echinocandins as a salvage therapy at Peking Union Medical College Hospital (Beijing, China), both of whom exhibited good responses to treatment. In both cases, polymerase chain reaction of sputum or bronchoalveolar lavage specimens became negative following treatment. Read More

Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2018 Dec 26;62(12). Epub 2018 Nov 26.

Institute of Microbiology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland

The echinocandin caspofungin inhibits the catalytic subunit Gsc1 of the enzymatic complex synthesizing 1,3-β-glucan, an essential compound of the fungal wall. Studies with rodents showed that caspofungin is effective against asci. However, its efficacy against asci of , the species infecting exclusively humans, remains controversial. Read More

IDCases 2018 5;14:e00454. Epub 2018 Sep 5.

Hahnemann University Hospital, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States.

We report a case of a 22-year-old G1P0010 African-American female with poorly controlled perinatally acquired HIV/AIDS and recent diagnosis of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). She presented to a tertiary care facility for prenatal care and direct observation therapy after poor medication adherence during pregnancy. After multiple attempts at outpatient ART management, the patient was admitted at 35 weeks' gestation for direct observation therapy for both antiretroviral therapy and anti-seizure medication. Read More

Clin Respir J 2018 Nov;12(11):2590-2597

Department of Medical Microbiology, Ege University Medical School, Izmir, Turkey.

Introduction: Impact of Cytomegalovirus (CMV) co-infection pneumonia in non-HIV patients with Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) is unclear.

Objectives: The aim of our study was to determine whether CMV co-infection is associated with an increased risk of mortality.

Methods: Our study was conducted at Ege University Hospital, Turkey. Read More