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Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020 15;10:224. Epub 2020 May 15.

Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

pneumonia (PCP) is an AIDS-defining illness. In patients with HIV, the benefit of PCP prophylaxis is well-defined when the CD4 T-cell count decreases below 200 cells/μL. In other immunocompromised patients, the value of PCP prophylaxis is not always as well-established. Read More

Transpl Infect Dis 2019 Dec 15;21(6):e13191. Epub 2019 Nov 15.

Division of Infectious Diseases, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) is the first-line agent for Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PJP) prophylaxis for solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients because of its efficacy for this indication, extended antimicrobial coverage, and favorable cost. Reported sulfonamide allergy is not uncommon and often results in TMP-SMX avoidance. Desensitization offers an efficacious and cost-effective alternative to TMP-SMX avoidance. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2019 Jun;98(23):e15997

Department of Rheumatology and Immunology.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) complicated with Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PCP) is a clinical complex with unsatisfying treatment efficacy and poor prognosis which is difficult to be diagnosed at early stage. The present study aimed to investigate the clinical features of SLE with PCP, recognize the early onset indicating factors, and evaluate the treatment efficacy of combined caspofungin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (coSMZ).We reviewed data of 9 patients admitted with SLE-PCP and treated with caspofungin combined with coSMZ at Tangshan Gongren Hospital from January 2013 to December 2017. Read More

IDCases 2019 27;17:e00543. Epub 2019 Apr 27.

Infectious Disease Division, NYU Winthrop Hospital, Mineola, New York, United States.

Clinical correlation is essential in assessing the relevance of the patient's history and physical findings in making a clinical presumptive diagnosis. False diagnostic associations may result in misdiagnosis. We present a case of an elderly female with HIV on HAART who presented with shortness of breath assumed to have Pneumocystis (carinii) jiroveci pneumonia (PCP) even though she had a clinical diagnosis of influenza B. Read More

Mycopathologia 2019 Jun 6;184(3):457-458. Epub 2019 Apr 6.

Infectious Diseases Division, Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital, Udine, Italy.

Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia in non-HIV patients is infrequent and characterized by atypical presentations and increased severity. Although hematogenous dissemination from the lungs can lead to extrapulmonary infections, isolation of oocysts from blood in human subjects has not been documented. We report a case of P. Read More

AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2019 05 14;35(5):428-429. Epub 2019 Feb 14.

1 Department of Virology and Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, Member of the International Network of Pasteur Institutes, Yaounde, Cameroon.

J Rheumatol 2019 03 1;46(3):251-258. Epub 2018 Dec 1.

From the Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei City; Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taiwan and Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei City, Taiwan.

Objective: To evaluate the role of cytomegaloviral or pneumonia (CMV/PJP) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients with pulmonary hemorrhage (PH).

Methods: We retrospectively examined hospital records for 27 SLE patients with PH who received bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) analyses. Clinical profile and mortality rates were compared between groups with and without CMV/PJP. Read More

Zhongguo Yi Xue Ke Xue Yuan Xue Bao 2018 Aug;40(4):450-455

Department of Gastroenterology,PUMC Hospital,CAMS and PUMC,Beijing 100730,China.

Objective To investigate the clinical features of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) complicated with Pneumocystis Jiroveci Pneumonia (PJP). Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 5 patients who were hospitalized in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 2012 to July 2017 for treatment of IBD complicated with PJP. Demographic characteristics,clinical manifestations,treatments,and outcomes were descriptively analyzed. Read More

Transplant Proc 2018 Sep 13;50(7):2053-2058. Epub 2018 Mar 13.

Department of Cardiac, Vascular and Endovascular Surgery and Transplantology, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Silesian Center for Heart Diseases, Zabrze, Poland. Electronic address:

Background: The aim of the study was to assess the frequency of infections caused by Pneumocystis jiroveci, Chlamydophila pneumoniae, Legionella pneumophila, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae among lung transplant recipients in the context of immunosuppression.

Methods: The study group consisted of 94 patients (37 women and 57 men; mean age 42.03 years) transplanted between 2009 and 2016 at the Silesia Center for Heart Diseases (SCCS). Read More

Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2018 Aug;98(30):2414-2417

Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China.

To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of infection and colonization in non-AIDS patients. From January 2010 to December 2017, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was detected by Grocott's methenamine silver (GMS) staining and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qPCR) in non-AIDS patients with bronchoscopic alveolar lavage at Peking University First Hospital. At the same time, was detected in the environment of the hospital. Read More

Int J STD AIDS 2018 12 16;29(14):1451-1453. Epub 2018 Aug 16.

1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA.

Although Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PCP) is a frequent manifestation of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), the granulomatous form is uncommon. Here, we present an unusual case of granulomatous PCP consequent to immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) after highly active antiretroviral therapy. A 36-year-old woman with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) presented with cough and dyspnea that were attributed to typical PCP associated with AIDS. Read More

Am J Case Rep 2018 Aug 8;19:927-931. Epub 2018 Aug 8.

Faculty of Medicine, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.

BACKGROUND Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PCP) - formerly known as Pneumocyctis carinii pneumonia - with newly diagnosed AIDS is an uncommon presentation in people over 50 years of age. A high level of suspicion is required for this diagnosis when an elderly patient with pneumonia is not responding to broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment. CASE REPORT We describe the case of a 63-year-old woman who presented with dyspnea, cough, and significant hypoxemia requiring high-flow oxygen supplement with bilateral lung infiltrates, treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics for a presumed diagnosis of pneumonia. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2018 Apr 21;2018. Epub 2018 Apr 21.

Rheumatology, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK.

We present a case of a 57-year-old woman who contracted pneumonia while on Benepali, the biosimilar version of etanercept for rheumatoid arthritis. She had seropositive erosive disease. She was admitted to clinic with a 2-week history of dyspnoea, dry cough and fever. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2018 Mar;97(12):e0162

Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Department of Infectious Diseases.

Rationale: Cognitive dysfunction is a common presenting symptom in patients with HIV/AIDS. It is usually directly associated with HIV infection or due to opportunistic infection. Rapidly progressive dementia, however, is rarely observed in acute HIV infection or during immune reconstitution. Read More

Intern Med J 2018 Jan;48(1):81-83

Division of Hematology-Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.

The association of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) and acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is not clearly defined. In our experience of 291 patients with AML, 20 (14 males and 6 females, median age 56) developed PJP (incidence 6.8%). Read More

Transplant Proc 2017 Oct;49(8):1893-1898

Heart Center, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address:

Background: The echinocandins have shown anti-Pneumocystis jiroveci activity in nonhuman animal models; however, the corresponding human clinical experience has been rarely reported. We report a clinical picture of P jiroveci pneumonia (PJP) and determine the effects of concomitant therapy with echinocandins and trimethoprim (TMP)-sulfamethoxazole (SMZ).

Methods: We investigated a retrospective case series of heart transplantation (HT) recipients with PJP from July 1988 to December 2015. Read More

JAMA Dermatol 2017 11;153(11):1137-1141

Center for Blistering Diseases, Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.

Importance: Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) is a potentially lethal opportunistic infection that primary prophylaxis can help prevent. The risk of prophylactic therapy must be weighed against the incidence of PCP in the patient population. Prophylaxis most frequently involves trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, with second-line therapies, including atovaquone, dapsone, and pentamide. Read More

Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019 02 15;17(3):571-572. Epub 2017 Jun 15.

Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica, Division of Internal Medicine, "Villa Sofia-Cervello" Hospital, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.

PLoS One 2017 15;12(5):e0176881. Epub 2017 May 15.

Infectious Diseases, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy.

P. jiroveci (Pj) causes a potentially fatal pneumonia in immunocompromised patients and the factors associated with a bad outcome are poorly understood. A retrospective analysis on Pj pneumonia (PjP) cases occurring in Tor Vergata University Hospital, Italy, during the period 2011-2015. Read More

J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2017 04;39(3):203-208

*Child Health Department ‡Pharmacy Department, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman †Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt.

Study Objective: To study dapsone in comparison with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) for Pneumocystis jiroveci (PJP) prophylaxis in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).

Design: A retrospective study with a prospective follow-up.

Patients: Pediatric ALL patients diagnosed between May 2009 and May 2014, who are still receiving or have completed their maintenance chemotherapy. Read More

Paediatr Int Child Health 2017 May 1;37(2):121-128. Epub 2017 Feb 1.

a College of Medicine, University of Malawi , Blantyre , Malawi.

Background: Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PJP) is the most common opportunistic infection in infants with vertically acquired HIV infection and the most common cause of death in HIV-infected infants.

Objectives: To determine whether early administration of adjuvant corticosteroids in addition to standard treatment reduces mortality in infants with vertically acquired HIV and clinically diagnosed PJP when co-infection with cytomegalovirus and other pathogens cannot be excluded.

Methods: A double-blind placebo-controlled trial of adjuvant prednisolone treatment in HIV-exposed infants aged 2-6 months admitted to Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre who were diagnosed clinically with PJP was performed. Read More

Clin Exp Rheumatol 2017 Jul-Aug;35(4):671-673. Epub 2017 Jan 27.

Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA.

Objectives: Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PJP) is an opportunistic infection with high mortality among patients with underlying rheumatologic conditions. Given the paucity of prospective data to guide treatment, clinical guidelines to initiate PJP prophylaxis are based on expert opinion and identify patients on ≥20 mg daily prednisone for ≥4 weeks duration for treatment. Herein we describe the PJP experience in rheumatic disease over a 20-year period at a single academic medical centre to investigate this 20 mg threshold and risk associated with lymphocyte counts, co-existing lung disease and immunosuppressive medications. Read More

J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2017 Aug 20;31(8):e350-e351. Epub 2017 Feb 20.

IZZ-Immunologie Zentrum Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland.

J Infect 2017 04 23;74(4):425-427. Epub 2017 Jan 23.

Department of Infectious Diseases, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Col. Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City, 14080, Mexico. Electronic address:

Ter Arkh 2016;88(11):99-102

N.F Gamaleya Federal Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia.

Pneumocystosis is well known as an opportunistic infection that is presently most frequently registered in patients with HIV infection and in those with other immunodeficiency states. Earlier, after the Second World War, Pneumocystis pneumonia was most commonly detected in debilitated and premature children; nosocomial outbreaks of pneumocystosis were studied in detail in the 1960s and 1970s. The pathogen is transmitted through the air, but a number of references indicate that it can be transmitted through the placenta. Read More

Microb Drug Resist 2017 Jul 17;23(5):602-608. Epub 2016 Nov 17.

3 YRG Centre for AIDS Research and Education (YRG CARE), Voluntary Health Services Hospital Campus , Chennai, India .

The antibiotic, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX), is generally used for prophylaxis in HIV individuals to protect them from Pneumocystis jiroveci infection. Long-term use of TMP-SMX develops drug resistance among bacteria in HIV patients. The study was aimed to detect the TMP-SMX resistance genes among gram-negative bacteria from HIV patients. Read More

Int J Dermatol 2017 01 22;56(1):e4-e5. Epub 2016 Sep 22.

Department of Dermatology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.

J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2016 08;38(6):449-52

Departments of *Pharmaceutical Sciences §Oncology †Biostatistics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN ‡Department of Pediatric Oncology, Skejby Hospital, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) is used as prophylaxis against Pneumocystis jiroveci during chemotherapy. Many groups recommend withholding TMP/SMX during high-dose methotrexate (HDMTX) for concerns that it will delay methotrexate clearance. We compared methotrexate exposure following HDMTX (NCT00549848) in 424 patients including 783 courses that were given concurrently and 602 courses that were not given concurrently with TMP/SMX. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2016 Jun 3;2016. Epub 2016 Jun 3.

Intensive Care Unit, Alès General Hospital, Alès, France.

BMC Infect Dis 2016 Feb 25;16:90. Epub 2016 Feb 25.

Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Academic Medical Center-University of Amsterdam, PO box 22660, 1100 DD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Background: The international guidelines recommend the administration of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) as Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PJP) prophylaxis for six months after transplantation. The aim of this study is to evaluate the influence of TMP-SMX prophylaxis on the occurrence of asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) and urinary tract infections (UTIs) as cystitis and allograft pyelonephritis (AGPN) and its impact on the antimicrobial resistance pattern of causative microorganisms.

Methods: We have conducted a retrospective before-after study in adult renal allograft recipients with one year follow-up after transplantation. Read More

Bone Marrow Transplant 2016 Apr 4;51(4):573-80. Epub 2016 Jan 4.

Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.

Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PJP) is associated with high morbidity and mortality after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Little is known about PJP infections after HSCT because of the rarity of disease given routine prophylaxis. We report the results of a Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research study evaluating the incidence, timing, prophylaxis agents, risk factors and mortality of PJP after autologous (auto) and allogeneic (allo) HSCT. Read More

Rev Med Interne 2016 May 28;37(5):327-36. Epub 2015 Nov 28.

Maladies infectieuses et réanimation médicale, hôpital Pontchaillou, CHU de Rennes, 35033 Rennes, France. Electronic address:

Pneumocystis jiroveci (formerly P. carinii) is an opportunistic fungus responsible for pneumonia in immunocompromised patients. Pneumocystosis in non-HIV-infected patients differs from AIDS-associated pneumocystosis in mostly two aspects: diagnosis is more difficult, and prognosis is worse. Read More

Top Antivir Med 2015 Aug-Sep;23(3):116-9

George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA.

The incidence of HIV-related opportunistic infections (OIs) has declined in the United States with the increasing use of effective antiretroviral therapy for the treatment of HIV infection. However, the absolute number of patients with OIs remains high and there continues to be considerable associated mortality. OI guidelines from the National Institutes of Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and Infectious Diseases Society of America continue to be updated on a regular basis, several times per year, as optimal strategies for prevention and therapy evolve. Read More

Breast Cancer Res Treat 2015 Nov 29;154(2):359-67. Epub 2015 Sep 29.

Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.

Opportunistic infection with Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PCP) has not been recognized as a significant complication of early-stage breast cancer treatment. However, we have observed an increase in PCP incidence among patients receiving chemotherapy for early-stage breast cancer. Herein we identify risk factors for and calculate incidence of PCP in this population. Read More

J Trop Pediatr 2015 Dec 11;61(6):421-7. Epub 2015 Sep 11.

Paediatric Department, College of Medicine, Blantyre 3, Malawi.

Objective: To describe the outcomes of infants and young children with respiratory distress when treated with a novel, low-cost, stand-alone bubble Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (bCPAP) system in a resource-limited setting.

Methods: A non-randomized, convenience sample study in a pediatric unit in Blantyre, Malawi, 2013. Patients weighing ≤10 kg with respiratory distress were eligible. Read More

Rev Chilena Infectol 2015 Jun;32(3):344-9

We report a case of a middle-age male patient, with newly HIV infection in AIDS stage diagnosis, no comorbitidies, who was hospitalized for subacute malaise, fever, self-limited unproductive cough and no bloody chronic diarrea. The diagnosis of Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia was performed by imagenological suspicion and stains of cysts of this pathogen with bronchoalveolar lavage samples. Treatment was initiated with oral cotrimoxazole and starting HAART with good clinical outcome. Read More

Dig Dis Sci 2015 Dec 16;60(12):3743-55. Epub 2015 Jul 16.

Department of Health Policy and Management, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.

Background: Emerging evidence suggests that Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia is occurring more frequently in Crohn's disease patients on immunosuppressive medications, especially corticosteroids. Considering its excess mortality and the efficacy of chemoprophylaxis in reducing P. jiroveci pneumonia in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, there is debate without consensus on the need for chemoprophylaxis in Crohn's disease patients on corticosteroids. Read More

Rev Chilena Infectol 2015 Apr;32(2):175-80

Background: Respiratory infection caused by Pneumocystis jiroveci is a common opportunistic infection in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) with CD4 counts < 200 cells/mm(3). However, it has also been reported in patients with other causes of immunosuppression.

Objectives: To compare the characteristics, severity and mortality of respiratory infection by P. Read More

J Dig Dis 2015 Jul;16(7):416-9

Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA.

J Radiol Case Rep 2014 Nov 30;8(11):15-24. Epub 2014 Nov 30.

Department of Radiology, Yale New Haven hospital, New Haven, CT, USA.

Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia is a common acquired immune deficiency syndrome defining illness. Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia is classically described as having symmetrical bilateral perihilar ground-glass opacities on chest radiographs. We present an "atypical" case of Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia presenting as symmetric biapical cystic spaces with relative sparing of the remainder of the lungs in a 22 year-old male, previously undiagnosed with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Read More

PLoS One 2015 24;10(4):e0122171. Epub 2015 Apr 24.

Department of Respiratory Medicine, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, China.

Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PCP) is frequently reported in lymphoma patients treated with rituximab-contained regimens. There is a trend toward a difference in PCP risk between bi- and tri-weekly regimens. The aims of this systemic review and meta-analysis were to estimate the risk for PCP in these patients, compare the impact of different regimens on the risk, and evaluate the efficacy of prophylaxis. Read More

Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2015 Apr 2(4):CD006150. Epub 2015 Apr 2.

Basel Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University Hospital Basel (USB), Hebelstrasse 10, Basel, Switzerland, 4031.

Background: Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PCP) remains the most common opportunistic infection in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Among patients with HIV infection and PCP the mortality rate is 10% to 20% during the initial infection and this increases substantially with the need for mechanical ventilation. It has been suggested that corticosteroids adjunctive to standard treatment for PCP could prevent the need for mechanical ventilation and decrease mortality in these patients. Read More

Expert Rev Respir Med 2015 Apr;9(2):171-81

Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Carilion Clinic, P.O. Box 13367, Roanoke, VA 24033, USA.

The benefit of prophylaxis for Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) is well documented in immunocompromised patients, particularly those with HIV and/or AIDS; therefore, guidelines dictate this as standard of care. However, there is a paucity of literature regarding those without HIV and/or AIDS who are potentially predisposed to PJP, including patients with sarcoidosis, cryptogenic organizing pneumonia, interstitial lung disease, asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, who may require high dose of prolonged corticosteroids for disease maintenance or to prevent relapses. In this review, the authors examine the available literature regarding prophylaxis in these groups, elaborate on the pathogenesis of PJP, when to suspect PJP in these patients, as well as explore current recommendations that guide clinical practice regarding implementation of PJP prophylaxis, namely with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole being the preferred agent. Read More

Pediatr Transplant 2015 May 25;19(3):326-31. Epub 2015 Feb 25.

Pharmacy Department, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.

SMX/TMP is the current gold standard for prophylaxis against PCP in immunocompromised pediatric patients. Currently, there are several second-line options for prophylaxis but many, including intravenous (IV) pentamidine, have not been reported to be as effective or as safe as SMX/TMP in the pediatric transplant population. This study is to determine the efficacy and safety of IV pentamidine in preventing PCP in pediatric transplant patients. Read More

Int J Immunogenet 2015 Feb 28;42(1):11-4. Epub 2014 Nov 28.

Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.

X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency is caused by mutations in the IL-2 receptor common gamma chain and classically presents in the first 6 months of life with predisposition to bacterial, viral and fungal infections. In most instances, affected individuals are lymphopenic with near complete absence of T cells and NK cells. We report a boy who presented at 12 months of age with Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia and a family history consistent with X-linked recessive inheritance. Read More

Rev Chilena Infectol 2014 Aug;31(4):417-24

Background: Although P. jiroveci pneumonia affects immunocompromised (IC) patients of any etiology, clinical features and prognostic outcomes are different depending if they are patients with HIV infection or other causes of IC.

Objectives: To compare clinical and laboratory features as well as outcomes of P. Read More

Br J Haematol 2015 Feb 30;168(4):501-6. Epub 2014 Sep 30.

Department of Healthcare Administration and Management, Graduate School of Healthcare Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.

This study aimed to quantify the risks of Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) among adult T-cell leukaemia (ATL) patients without prophylaxis. We used hospital administrative data collected nationwide in Japan over 4 years. The research design was a retrospective cohort study. Read More

J Microbiol Immunol Infect 2015 Dec 27;48(6):711-2. Epub 2014 Aug 27.

Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address: