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Int J Cancer 2022 Jun 24. Epub 2022 Jun 24.

Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.

Wilms tumor (WT) is the most common renal malignancy in children. Children with favorable histology WT achieve survival rates of over 90%. Twelve percent of patients present with metastatic disease, most commonly to the lungs. Read More

Diagnostics (Basel) 2022 Jun 6;12(6). Epub 2022 Jun 6.

Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.

During the last five decades, lung sonography has developed into a core competency of intensive care medicine. It is a highly accurate bedside tool, with clear diagnostic criteria for most causes of respiratory failure (pneumothorax, pulmonary edema, pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, and pleural effusion). It helps in distinguishing a hypovolemic from a cardiogenic, obstructive, or distributive shock. Read More

J Bronchology Interv Pulmonol 2022 07 22;29(3):161-163. Epub 2022 Jun 22.

Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University Health System, Richmond, VA.

Expert Rev Respir Med 2022 Jun 21. Epub 2022 Jun 21.

Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak-124001, India.

Introduction: Pleural tuberculosis (TB) is the archetype of extrapulmonary TB (EPTB), which mainly affects the pleural space and leads to exudative pleural effusion. Diagnosis of pleural TB is a difficult task predominantly due to atypical clinical presentations and sparse bacillary load in clinical specimens.

Area Covered: We reviewed the current literature on the globally existing conventional/latest modalities for diagnosing pleural TB. Read More

Cancer Imaging 2022 Jun 17;22(1):29. Epub 2022 Jun 17.

Department of Nuclear Medicine, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical utility of SPECT/CT (imaging of uptake in tumor lesions and additional findings) and the additional value of planar imaging in order to simplify clinical imaging protocols and decrease patients burden.

Materials And Methods: One hundred consecutive patients with metastatic neuroendocrine tumor (NET) treated with PRRT were included. Post-therapy imaging was performed 24 h after each PRRT cycle by both whole-body planar imaging and abdominal- and thoracic SPECT/CT. Read More

Sci Rep 2022 Jun 17;12(1):10215. Epub 2022 Jun 17.

Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Radiological Science and Center for Clinical Imaging Data Science, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 363, Dongbaekjukjeon-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16995, Republic of Korea.

Artificial intelligence (AI) applied to pediatric chest radiographs are yet scarce. This study evaluated whether AI-based software developed for adult chest radiographs can be used for pediatric chest radiographs. Pediatric patients (≤ 18 years old) who underwent chest radiographs from March to May 2021 were included retrospectively. Read More

Indian J Radiol Imaging 2022 Mar 19;32(1):132-135. Epub 2022 Apr 19.

Department of Thoracic and vascular Surgery, Government Medical College Hospital, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.

Congenital pericardial cysts are very rare neoplasms of the middle mediastinum. We report a case of a young woman who was referred to the surgical department with abdominal pain. The ultrasound done showed moderate ascites and pleural effusion. Read More

Cureus 2022 May 15;14(5):e25014. Epub 2022 May 15.

Internal Medicine, AMITA Health Saint Francis Hospital, Evanston, USA.

Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is caused by human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8). Epidemic KS is described in the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) population with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). It primarily affects the skin, but it may uncommonly disseminate to involve extracutaneous sites such as the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, liver, and lungs. Read More

BMC Infect Dis 2022 Jun 15;22(1):548. Epub 2022 Jun 15.

Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality in South Africa. Pneumonia and opportunistic infections remain a major cause for hospital admission among those living with HIV, even in the era of the widespread availability of antiretroviral therapy.

Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, the records of patients admitted with HIV and severe pneumonia, requiring high care/intensive care admission, during a period of 12 months (February 2018 to January 2019) were reviewed. Read More

Arch Bronconeumol 2021 Aug;57(8):543

Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA. Electronic address:

Arch Bronconeumol 2021 Sep;57(9):592

Department of General Surgery, Nantong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nantong, China. Electronic address:

Cureus 2022 May 8;14(5):e24820. Epub 2022 May 8.

Internal Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, USA.

is an aerobic, Gram-negative bacterium that is found widely in the environment and on hospital equipment. Although this organism usually causes infection in immunocompromised patients, it may cause pulmonary disease in immunocompetent patients, in rare cases. We report a case of pneumonia complicated by empyema in an immunocompetent patient. Read More

Cureus 2022 May 8;14(5):e24828. Epub 2022 May 8.

Cardiology, Northwell Health, Staten Island, USA.

As coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines are being increasingly administered worldwide, subsequent side effects, such as myocarditis, pericarditis, and myopericarditis, are becoming increasingly more common. Our case describes a 64-year-old male who developed chest pain and shortness of breath one week after receiving the Moderna (Cambridge, Massachusetts) COVID-19 mRNA vaccine. He was found to have a large, left-sided pleural effusion and a small pericardial effusion. Read More

J Clin Med 2022 May 25;11(11). Epub 2022 May 25.

Department of Pulmonology-Palermo (PA) (Italy), AOUP Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy.

COVID-19 modified the healthcare system. Nasal-pharyngeal swab (NPS), with real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase (PCR), is the gold standard for the diagnosis; however, there are difficulties related to the procedure that may postpone it. The study aims to evaluate whether other elements than the PCR-NPS are reliable and confirm the diagnosis of COVID-19. Read More

J Med Case Rep 2022 Jun 9;16(1):231. Epub 2022 Jun 9.

Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.

Introduction: Hepatitis A virus infections are mostly asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic, and generally this disease has a benign course and resolves spontaneously. However, intrahepatic and rarer extrahepatic manifestations can complicate typical cases of acute hepatitis. Pleural effusion is an extremely rare extrahepatic entity with 20 cases reported in literature. Read More

Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 2022 May;42(5):780-784

Department of Pediatrics, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China.

We report a case of mucormycosis induced by spp. infection in a ten-year-old girl with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, who developed fever and respiratory symptoms after chemotherapy and was diagnosed with invasive fungal disease. Peripheral blood DNA sequences were analyzed using metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS), and by comparison with the Pathogens Metagenomics Database (PMDB), we identified spp. Read More

Eur Radiol 2022 Jun 3. Epub 2022 Jun 3.

Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea.

Objectives: To determine risk factors for transient severe motion (TSM) artifact on arterial phase of gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI using a large cohort.

Methods: A total of 2230 patients who underwent gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI was consecutively included. Two readers evaluated respiratory motion artifact on arterial phase images using a 5-point grading scale. Read More

J Oncol Pharm Pract 2022 Jun 5:10781552221105572. Epub 2022 Jun 5.

Department of Hematology, Troyes General Hospital, Troyes, France.

Introduction: Nivolumab, the monoclonal antibody inhibitor of programmed cell death protein 1, enhances the T-cell response, including anti-tumour responses, by blocking the attachment of programmed death-ligand 1 and programmed death-ligand 2 ligands to the programmed cell death protein 1 receptor, which in turn leads to a reduction in tumour growth. Nivolumab has been approved in relapsed or refractory classic Hodgkin's lymphoma after autologous transplantation of haematopoietic stem cell and treatment with brentuximab as monotherapy.

Case Report: We herewith report a case of 65-year-old woman who developed an interstitial pneumonitis and a global cardiac hypokinesis following a treatment with Nivolumab for a refractory Hodgkin's Lymphoma. Read More

Virchows Arch 2022 Jun 3. Epub 2022 Jun 3.

Department of Pathology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, 901 Chung-Hwa Road, Yong-Kang District, Tainan, 71004, Taiwan.

Plasmablastic myeloma (PBM) is a blastic morphologic variant of plasma cell myeloma with less favorable prognosis than those with non-blastic morphology. PBM is rare, without clear-cut definition and detailed clinicopathologic features in the literature. PBM may mimic plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) as they share nearly identical morphology and immunophenotype. Read More

Front Surg 2022 16;9:865040. Epub 2022 May 16.

Thoracic Surgery Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University Thoracic surgery, DaLian, China.

Lung cancer is one of the most fatal malignant tumors in the world. Overcoming this disease is difficult due to its late diagnosis and relapse after treatment. Minimal residual disease (MRD) is described as the presence of free circulating tumor cells or other tumor cell derivatives in the biological fluid of patients without any clinical symptoms of cancer and negative imaging examination after the treatment of primary tumors. Read More

Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2022 May 11;77:103617. Epub 2022 Apr 11.

Department of Orthopedic, Aleppo University Hospital, Aleppo, Syria.

Background: Ewing's sarcoma (ES) can affect any bone, but its occurrence in the scapula is extremely rare. Only 15 studies investigating this condition exist in the medical literature.

Materials And Methods: A literature search was conducted in PubMed and Scopus, and studies on ES of scapula published in the English medical literature were retrieved. Read More

Med Clin (Barc) 2022 May 27. Epub 2022 May 27.

Unidad de Medicina Pleural, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, IRBLleida, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, España. Electronic address:

The diagnosis of diffuse pleural mesothelioma requires in most cases a pleural biopsy, performed either under imaging guidance (ultrasound or computed tomography) or thoracoscopy. Loss of BAP1 or MTAP expression (immunohistochemistry) and homozygous deletion of CDKN2A (fluorescence in situ hybridization) are the basic molecular markers for the diagnosis of mesothelioma. The histologic type and patient's performance status are the most important prognostic factors. Read More

J Clin Tuberc Other Mycobact Dis 2022 Aug 18;28:100318. Epub 2022 May 18.

Department of Internal Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Kumamoto Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan.

A previously healthy 13-year-old Japanese girl with a BCG vaccination history and no tuberculosis (TB) exposure history presented to the hospital with mild dyspnea for 1 month and fever for 5 days. Computed tomography showed consolidation with a pleural effusion, obstructed left main bronchus with an air bronchogram, and traction bronchiectasis of the left upper lobe (Fig. 1A, B). Read More

Respir Med 2022 08 19;199:106883. Epub 2022 May 19.

Department of Respiratory Medicine, Aneurin Bevan University Health Board, Royal Gwent Hospital, Newport, UK. Electronic address:

Background: Medical thoracoscopy (MT) is a well-established diagnostic procedure in cases of unexplained exudative pleural effusions. Despite the advantages of MT, challenges remain since occasionally malignancies mimic pleural inflammation.

Objectives: To assess the relationship between the macroscopic appearance of the pleura at MT, the histology of the pleural biopsy and the final diagnosis after follow up. Read More

BMC Med Imaging 2022 May 27;22(1):100. Epub 2022 May 27.

Department of Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China.

Purpose: The detection of pleural effusion in chest radiography is crucial for doctors to make timely treatment decisions for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. We used the MIMIC-CXR database to develop a deep learning model to quantify pleural effusion severity in chest radiographs.

Methods: The Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care Chest X-ray (MIMIC-CXR) dataset was divided into patients 'with' or 'without' chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Read More

Case Rep Obstet Gynecol 2022 17;2022:2859766. Epub 2022 May 17.

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.

Uterine necrosis is a rare complication in uterine artery embolization (UAE) for postpartum hemorrhage (PPH). Preeclampsia (PE) is a condition characterized with systemic endothelial damage and intravascular volume depletion. Whether a patient with PE is at high risk for uterine necrosis after UAE for PPH has been unknown. Read More

BMC Pediatr 2022 May 24;22(1):307. Epub 2022 May 24.

Grupo de Investigación en Salud Familiar y Comunitaria, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Corporación Universitaria Remington, Calle 51 # 51-27, Medellín, Colombia.

Background: The interpretation of the chest radiograph may vary because it depends on the reader and due to the non-specificity of findings in tuberculosis (TB). We aim to assess the reproducibility of a standardized chest radiograph reading protocol in contacts of patients with pulmonary TB under the 5 years of age.

Methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional study with children under the age of five, household contacts of patients with confirmed pulmonary TB from Medellín, Bello and Itagüí (Colombia) between Jan-01-2015 and May-31-2016. Read More

Spine Deform 2022 May 24. Epub 2022 May 24.

Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.

Purpose: Direct comparisons between vertebral body tethering (VBT) and posterior spinal fusion (PSF) for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) are limited. We aimed to evaluate 2-year results of VBT and PSF to report comparative outcomes.

Methods: 26 prospectively enrolled VBT patients were matched 1:1 by age, gender, Risser sign and major curve magnitude with PSF patients. Read More

Open Vet J 2022 Mar-Apr;12(2):281-289. Epub 2022 Apr 20.

Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.

Background: The horizontal beam (HB) view has been used in the identification of pneumothorax, pleural effusion, and pneumoperitoneum in small animals. Based on the literature, there were no published data evaluating the utility of HB radiography in vomiting dogs to differentiate between patients with or without mechanical gastrointestinal ileus.

Aim: The purpose of this prospective pilot study was to determine the utility of HB radiograph as an additional view in vomiting dogs to differentiate patients with or without mechanical gastrointestinal ileus; and describe if there are any radiographic image characteristics associated with the HB view for patients with mechanical gastrointestinal ileus. Read More

Emerg Radiol 2022 May 21. Epub 2022 May 21.

Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Division of Emergency and Trauma Imaging, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.

In the setting of acute trauma where identification of critical injuries is time-sensitive, a portable chest radiograph is broadly accepted as an initial diagnostic test for identifying benign and life-threatening pathologies and guiding further imaging and interventions. This article describes chest radiographic findings associated with various injuries resulting from blunt chest trauma and compares the efficacy of the chest radiograph in these settings with computed tomography (CT). Common chest radiographic findings in blunt thoracic injuries will be reviewed to improve radiologic identification, expedite management, and improve trauma morbidity and mortality. Read More