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J Am Coll Emerg Physicians Open 2021 Apr 31;2(2):e12411. Epub 2021 Mar 31.

Department of Emergency Medicine Newark Beth Israel Medical Center Newark New Jersey USA.

Objectives: In the absence of a definitive cure, herbal medications are gaining increasing popularity in the general public for treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Although many herbal preparations are safe and can be used without complication, serious toxicities do occur. This article focuses on the major characteristics and toxicities of herbal preparations that have been proposed as treatments for COVID-19. Read More

Food Funct 2018 Sep;9(9):4814-4821

Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, China.

Licorice, an edible and officinal plant material, has attracted considerable attention for its wide range of pharmacological activities. Our previous study showed that licorice can ameliorate cognitive damage and improve oxidative stress and apoptosis in aging rats induced by d-galactose (d-gal). In this study, in order to further explore the changes of the metabolic profile during the aging process and the antiaging mechanism of licorice, the 1H NMR-based metabolomics approach was used to analyze serum and urine samples and identify a potential biomarker in d-gal induced aging rats. Read More

Uisahak 2015 Aug;24(2):423-55

Handok Museum of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eumseong-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do, KOREA.

This article explores the indigenization of licorice(Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.) which was the most important medicine of the Oriental Medicine. There are a lot of records on licorice even before the Joseon Dynasty. Read More

Pharmazie 2014 Dec;69(12):894-7

Licorice has a marked detoxifying effect that can treat drug poisoning and/or relieve adverse effects. However, the exact mechanism of this action is not entirely elucidated, but is believed to be related to the modulation of drug disposition when interacting with other drugs. Additionally, Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) plays a significant role in mediating phase II xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes (XMEs) and phase III transporters. Read More

Br J Clin Pharmacol 2015 Apr;79(4):578-92

Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Balzaretti 9, 20133, Milano, Italy.

Aims: The objective of this review was to collect available data on the following: (i) adverse effects observed in humans from the intake of plant food supplements or botanical preparations; (ii) the misidentification of poisonous plants; and (iii) interactions between plant food supplements/botanicals and conventional drugs or nutrients.

Methods: PubMed/MEDLINE and Embase were searched from database inception to June 2014, using the terms 'adverse effect/s', 'poisoning/s', 'plant food supplement/s', 'misidentification/s' and 'interaction/s' in combination with the relevant plant name. All papers were critically evaluated according to the World Health Organization Guidelines for causality assessment. Read More

Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi 2012 Mar;32(3):398-401

Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091.

Objective: To study the acute toxicity of the water extracts (ERWE) and 60% ethanol extracts (EREE) from different processed products of Radix Polygalae (crude Radix Polygalae, licorice, and honey processed Radix Polygalae), thus providing scientific evidence for toxicity study of Radix Polygalae and its safe clinical application.

Methods: The ERWE and EREE were prepared from different processed products of Radix Polygalae. Their contents of saponins were respectively determined. Read More

Schweiz Med Wochenschr 1996 Jun;126(25):1085-98

Schweizerisches Toxikologisches Informationszentrum (STIZ), Zürich.

Aim: To analyze the types, frequency and severity of plant poisonings in Switzerland over 29 years.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of severe poisonings with toxic plants reported to the Swiss Toxicological Information Center (STIC). Assessment of the causality, severity of symptoms and the types of plants involved. Read More

Steroids 1995 Jan;60(1):52-8

General Clinical Research Center, University of California, San Francisco 94110, USA.

In the course of my studies of patients with mineralocorticoid hypertensive disorders, unusual presentations led to unexpected findings, both clinically and in steroid etiologies and regulation. Unique circumstances permitted early studies in defining the autonomy of the aldosterone-producing adenoma. A chance referral brought the index case of 17 alpha-hydroxylase deficiency to the research center. Read More

Ugeskr Laeger 1985 Aug;147(35):2745-7

Med Clin (Barc) 1983 Jan;80(1):49-50

Clin Endocrinol Metab 1981 Nov;10(3):465-78

Minerva Med 1981 Apr;72(13):825-30

Four female subjects were admitted to our Department for a form of severe systo-diastolic hypertension, recalcitrant to previous anti-hypertensive treatment, accompanied by marked hypokalemia. Patients had a common history of the continuous use, for pleasure or medicinal purposes, of liquorice-based preparations. In all cases, suspension led to normalisation of kalemia in a period varying from six to fifteen days, while arterial pressure values and all other essential parameters examined (plasma reninic activity, aldosteronuria, etc. Read More

Br Med J 1977 Jan;1(6055):209-10