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J Med Toxicol 2015 Mar;11(1):141-3

Department of Internal Medicine, VCA All-Care Animal Referral Center, 18440 Amistad Street, Fountain Valley, CA, 92708, USA,

Oleander poisoning typically results in cardiac arrhythmias, hyperkalemia, and gastrointestinal irritation, and can be fatal. Oleander extracts have also been studied experimentally as hypoglycemic agents. Here, we describe a dog with confirmed oleander toxicosis presenting with classical symptoms and also hypoglycemia. Read More

J Ethnopharmacol 2009 Feb 27;122(1):10-9. Epub 2008 Nov 27.

Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Clausena lansium (Fool's Curry Leaf) is used for various ethnomedical conditions in some countries, including bronchitis, malaria, viral hepatitis, acute and chronic gastro-intestinal inflammation, and as a spicy substitute of the popular Curry leaf tree (Murraya koenigii).

Aim Of The Study: This study was to evaluate the ethnomedical uses of the stem bark in inflammatory conditions, hepatotoxicity and to determine the anti-diabetic and anti-trichomonal properties of the plant.

Materials And Method: Anti-trichomonal, in vivo and in vitro antidiabetic and insulin stimulating, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective and anti-oxidant activities using Trichomonas gallinae, glucose loaded rats and in vitro insulin secreting cell line (INS-1 cell), carrageenin-induced rat paw oedema, CCl(4)-induced hepatotoxicity and DPPH scavenging ability methods respectively for the extracts and some isolates were determined. Read More

Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2008 Sep;46(8):745-8

Scottish Poisons Information Bureau, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom.

Objective: Self-poisoning with plant seeds or fruits is a common method of self-harm in South Asia. While most deaths follow ingestion of Thevetia peruviana (yellow oleander) seeds, other plants are locally common. During review of fatal injuries seen in a teaching hospital in eastern Sri Lanka, we noted cases of fatal self-poisoning with Cerbera manghas (sea mango, pink eyed cerbera, odollam tree) fruits. Read More

Toxicol Pathol 2008 Jul 22;36(5):651-9. Epub 2008 May 22.

USDA-ARS, Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, Utah 84321, USA.

To study various polyhydroxy-alkaloid glycosidase inhibitors, 16 groups of 3 mice were dosed using osmotic minipumps with swainsonine (0, 0.1, 1, and 10 mg/kg/day), castanospermine, and calystegines A(3), B(2), and C(1) (1, 10, and 100 mg/kg/day). After 28 days, the mice were euthanized, necropsied, and examined using light and electron microscopy. Read More

Br J Nutr 2002 Dec;88 Suppl 3:S287-92

The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Quality Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot, 76100, Israel.

This review evaluates the potential health benefits of three legume sources that rarely appear in Western diets and are often overlooked as functional foods. Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum) and isolated fenugreek fractions have been shown to act as hypoglycaemic and hypocholesterolaemic agents in both animal and human studies. The unique dietary fibre composition and high saponin content in fenugreek appears to be responsible for these therapeutic properties. Read More

Vet Hum Toxicol 2002 Jun;44(3):149-54

Cooperative Agricultural Research Program, Tennessee State University, Nashville 37209-1561, USA.

Ergot alkaloids are considered causative agents of fescue toxicosis, a syndrome experienced by cattle consuming tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) infected with the fungal endophyte Neotyphodium coenophialum. One sign of fescue toxicosis in cattle is severe hyperthermia. This study assessed hormonal responses to ergotamine in heat-sensitive and heat-tolerant cattle. Read More

Vet Pathol 1995 May;32(3):289-98

USDA Agricultural Research Service, Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, UT, USA.

To better characterize and compare the toxicity of and lesions produced by locoweed (Astragalus mollissimus) with those of swainsonine and a related glycoside inhibitor, castanospermine, 55 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 11 groups of five animals each. The first eight groups were dosed via subcutaneous osmotic minipumps with swainsonine at 0, 0.1, 0. Read More

J Anim Sci 1991 Sep;69(9):3699-705

Dept. of Anim. and Range Sci., New Mexico State University, Las Cruces 88003.

Kochia hay that had elicited mild toxicosis in sheep and cattle when fed for 21 d was fed to young, growing steers to evaluate the efficacy of metoclopramide for preventing kochia toxicosis. Twelve steers (271 +/- 39 kg) were given ad libitum access to Kochia hay for 38 d. Six steers were dosed orally with 15 mg of metoclopramide/kg of BW three times each week in gelatin capsules, and six steers received empty gelatin capsules. Read More

J Anim Sci 1991 Jul;69(7):2941-6

New Mexico State University, Las Cruces 88003-0003.

Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad. is a prospective forage crop for arid areas, although its potential value is constrained by occasional toxicity that may involve alteration of metabolic hormones. Read More

J Anim Sci 1991 Jul;69(7):2932-40

New Mexico State University, Las Cruces 88003-0003.

Livestock grazing lush Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad, sometimes experience BW loss, hyperbilirubinemia, photosensitization, and polyuria. Animals fed kochia hay may exhibit milder or negligible signs of toxicosis but fail to utilize nutrients efficiently. Read More

J Anim Sci 1987 Sep;65(3):727-33

Dept. of Physiol. and Pharmacol., College of Vet. Med., Univ. of Georgia, Athens 30602.

The effects of fescue endophyte content (low, 16 or high, 44% of tillers examined) and of N fertilization rate (low, 134 kg N.ha-1.yr-1 or high, 336 kg N. Read More

Vet Rec 1985 Jan;116(1):28

Pediatr Res 1983 Feb;17(2):171-6

We present case histories of two young children with episodes of hypoglycemia, elevation of SGOT, low insulin levels, increased urinary excretion of psi-hydroxy fatty acids (5-hydroxyhexanoic, 7-hydroxyoctanoic and 9-hydroxydecanoic), traces of the corresponding psi-ketoacids and elevations of urinary adipic, suberic, and sebacic acids. The ratio of psi-hydroxy fatty acids to 3-hydroxybutyric in the urine of these patients is higher than in patients of similar ages with similar illnesses. These acids persisted while the patients were well. Read More

Gerontology 1980 ;26(4):188-99

Chronic administration of beta-aminopropionitrile fumarate (BAPN) (1 g/kg/day for 9 weeks) produced morphological changes of the aorta wall and in dermis, and biochemical changes of the aortic wall in the rat. Chronic administration of BAPN did not produce plasma lipid abnormalities such as those due to hyperlipidic diet. 9 weeks of BAPN followed by 10 months of a hyperlipidic diet increased the aortic cholesterol level and induced atheroma. Read More

J Dairy Sci 1976 Sep;59(9):1599-602

Two Holstein bull calves each were infused intravenously with 1 mg glucagon in .9% sodium chloride, and two were given saline alone; 1 wk later treatments were reversed. Glucagon increased concentrations of insulin and glucose but decreased potassium in blood plasma and moderately increased urinary magnesium and calcium losses. Read More

Am J Vet Res 1976 Jun;37(6):661-6

Certain clinical changes associated with acute oxalate (halogeton) poisoning were determined in sheep given (by stomach tube into the rumen) a lethal dose of Halogeton glomeratus. Plasma concentrations of calcium and calcium ion activity decreased over several hours to such low levels that tetany or coma occurred and death followed. Cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of calcium did not reflect the degree of hypocalcemia. Read More

Kitasato Arch Exp Med 1972 Mar;45(1):63-4

Med Monatsschr 1968 Mar;22(3):117-21

Am J Med Sci 1964 Oct;248:445-68