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Environ Sci Technol 2019 Apr 23. Epub 2019 Apr 23.

Engineered nanoparticle (NP) with activities that mimic antioxidant enzymes have good prospects in agriculture because they can increase photosynthesis and improve stress tolerance. Here, the interaction between cerium oxide NPs with spinach plants (Spinacia oleraceae) was investigated by integrating phenotypic and metabolomic analyses. Soil grown four-week-old spinach plants were foliar exposed for three weeks to CeO2 NPs at 0, 0. Read More

J Appl Microbiol 2019 Apr 23. Epub 2019 Apr 23.

Université Aix-Marseille, AP-HM, IRD, VITROME, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.

Aims: Candida albicans biofilms are commonly associated to severe oral infections. We previously discovered that a crude extract from the Solidago virgaurea plant (SV-extract) was a potent inhibitor of C. albicans biofilm formation. Read More

PLoS One 2019 23;14(4):e0215486. Epub 2019 Apr 23.

Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Control, IPM key laboratory in the southern part of North China for Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou, China.

A potted soil experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of bensulfuron-methyl (BSM) residue on the growth and photosynthesis of seedlings of a local cucumber variety (Xia Feng No.1). When the residue of bensulfuron-methyl in soil exceeded 50μg kg-1, it significantly inhibited the growth of cucumber, chlorophyll content and photosynthetic capacity of cucumber. Read More

PLoS One 2019 23;14(4):e0215834. Epub 2019 Apr 23.

Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.

Pear psylla, Cacopsylla chinensis (Yang & Li) are present as two seasonal morphotypes in pear orchards where they, suck phloem sap, defoliate pear trees, and cause fruit russet. Despite the importance of natural enemies in psyllid control, the interactions between predators and the two seasonal morphotypes of psyllids remain poorly documented. Here we determined the predation efficiencies of the Asian lady beetle, Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) on the two psyllid morphotypes. Read More

PLoS One 2019 23;14(4):e0205619. Epub 2019 Apr 23.

Novozymes North America, Incorporated, Durham, NC, United States of America.

Historically, monitoring nematode movement and mortality in response to various potential nematicide treatments usually involved tedious manual microscopic analysis. High-content analysis instrumentation enables rapid and high-throughput collection of experimental data points on large numbers of individual worms simultaneously. The high-throughput platform outlined here should accelerate discovery of unique classes and types of promising lead molecules and sample types to control these plant pests. Read More

J Radiol Prot 2019 Apr 23;39(2):548-563. Epub 2019 Apr 23.

Research Center for Community Health, Minamisoma Municipal General Hospital, Fukushima, Japan. Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.

After the 2011 Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident, evidence on the real-life conditions of returnees to areas once designated as legal no-go zones, including their radiation dose levels, is scarce. In the present study, using a radiation dosimeter and lifestyle survey, we evaluated the lifestyle characteristics and dose levels in 2017 from external exposure among those who returned to the no-go zones after the evacuation orders were lifted. A total of 112 returnees to Odaka district, Minamisoma City, Fukushima Prefecture, were considered and compared to 266 non-returnees. Read More

J Air Waste Manag Assoc 2019 Apr 23. Epub 2019 Apr 23.

a Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, (Ministry of Education of China), Jilin University , 5988 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022 , China.

Scientists have effectively proved that vegetative environment buffers (VEB) can be used for reducing dust emissions from livestock buildings, but they have seen fewer tests in poultry farms. A field research was conducted to assess the effectiveness of VEBs on reducing downwind transport of particulate matter (PM) from a ventilated poultry house in Changchun. Five plant species transferred from local area were used to establish five diverse VEBs and separately installed outside of the ventilation fans in summer 2017. Read More

J Food Prot 2019 Apr 23:854-861. Epub 2019 Apr 23.

3 Department of Horticulture, University of Georgia, 2360 Rainwater Road, Tifton, Georgia 31793-5766, USA.

Outbreaks associated with fresh-cut leafy greens continue to occur despite efforts to implement horticultural practices that minimize introduction of enteric pathogens to the crop. The experimental trials in this study were designed to examine the efficacy of an acetic acid (AA)- and chitosan-based spray treatment, applied 1 day prior to harvest, for reducing the prevalence of O157:H7 (O157) and in field-grown leafy greens contaminated at levels detectable only through enrichment culture. Responses to the treatment solution were variable and depended on the type of leafy green (leafy lettuce, spinach, or cabbage), cultivar, pathogen, and AA concentration (0. Read More

J Agric Food Chem 2019 Apr 23. Epub 2019 Apr 23.

An improved analytical depolymerization method for characterizing condensed tannins was developed with menthofuran (3,6-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1-benzofuran) as the nucleophilic trapping reagent. Herein, menthofuran was compared with routinely used nucleophiles, phloroglucinol and 2-mercaptoethanol. At 30°C and in the presence of 0. Read More

J Agric Food Chem 2019 Apr 23. Epub 2019 Apr 23.

Astaxanthin, a hydrophobic carotenoid found in marine plants and animals, is claimed to exhibit various beneficial biological activities. Its use as a nutraceutical in foods, however, is currently limited by its low water-solubility and poor bioavailability. The goal of this paper was to fabricate astaxanthin-loaded colloidal particles to overcome these challenges. Read More

J Cosmet Dermatol 2019 Apr 23. Epub 2019 Apr 23.

Department of Pharmaceutics, N.G.S.M. Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, NITTE Deemed to be University, Mangalore, India.

Background: The microspheres are one of the major formulations in the novel drug delivery systems. These days' scientists are predominantly focusing on natural plant products because of the poisonous effect of synthetic drug molecules. From olden days itself, neem has some excellent antibacterial activities. Read More

Ecology 2019 Apr 23:e02697. Epub 2019 Apr 23.

Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA.

Many species of bumble bee (Bombus) have declined in range and abundance across Europe, the Americas, and Asia, whereas other species have persisted and remain common and widespread. One explanation as to why some species have declined, based primarily on studies of the European bumble bee fauna, is that declining species have relatively narrow pollen-foraging niches and are less able to use alternative host plants in the absence of their preferred hosts. Though extensively explored in Europe, this hypothesis has not been investigated in North America, in part due to incomplete information on the foraging niche of many species. Read More

Plant Dis 2019 Apr 22:PDIS07181225RE. Epub 2019 Apr 22.

1 Section of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Geneva, NY 14456; and.

Succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHI) are an important class of fungicides for management of apple scab, especially as resistance to other classes of fungicides has become prevalent in the northeastern United States. Considering their single-site mode of action, there is high risk of resistance development to SDHI fungicides. Such risk mandates the need for proper monitoring of shifts in population sensitivity. Read More

Plant Dis 2019 Apr 22:PDIS10181751RE. Epub 2019 Apr 22.

5 Department of Plant Pathology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, U.S.A.

Rasta is a virus-like disease of unknown etiology affecting tomato () plants in Ghana. Symptoms include stunting; epinasty, crumpling, and chlorosis of leaves; and necrosis of leaf veins, petioles, and stems. Leaf samples with rasta symptoms were collected from commercial tomato fields in Ghana in October 2012 and applied to FTA cards, and RNA extracts were prepared. Read More

Plant Dis 2019 Apr 22:PDIS12182150RE. Epub 2019 Apr 22.

1 Associate Professorship of Fruit Science, Technical University of Munich, Dürnast 2, 85354 Freising, Germany.

Phytoplasmas are cell-wall-less bacteria that cause diseases in approximately 1,000 plant species. ' Phytoplasma pyri', the causal agent of pear decline, induces various symptoms on its hosts, leading to weakening and dieback of the plants, reduced fruit size and yield, and, consequently, considerable financial losses in all pear-growing areas. Fighting this disease requires a reliable and inexpensive method for pathogen detection in propagation material as well as plant stocks in orchards and breeding facilities. Read More

Plant Dis 2019 Apr 22:PDIS07181282RE. Epub 2019 Apr 22.

2 U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service, Corn, Soybean, and Wheat Quality Research Unit, Wooster, OH 44691.

Brome mosaic virus (BMV) is generally thought to be of little economic importance to crops; consequently, there is little information about its impact on wheat production under field conditions. After repeated detection of BMV in Ohio wheat fields at incidences up to 25%, the virus was isolated, sequenced, characterized, and tested for its impact on soft red winter wheat (SRWW). The Ohio isolate of brome mosaic virus (BMV-OH) was found to be >99% identical to a BMV-Fescue isolate (accession no. Read More

Mycologia 2019 Apr 23:1-8. Epub 2019 Apr 23.

a Department of Plant Pathology , University of Florida , 2527 Fifield Hall, Gainesville , Florida 32611-0680.

Mol Plant Microbe Interact 2019 Apr 23. Epub 2019 Apr 23.

Leibniz-Institut fur Gemuse- und Zierpflanzenbau Grossbeeren/Erfurt eV, 28405, Functional Plant Biology , Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1 , Grossbeeren, Germany , 14979.

The plasma membrane is at the interface of plant-pathogen interactions and thus many bacterial type-III effector proteins (T3Es) target membrane-associated processes to interfere with immunity. The Pseudomonas syringae T3E HopZ1a is a host cell plasma membrane (PM)-localized effector protein that has several immunity associated host targets but also activates effector triggered immunity (ETI) in resistant backgrounds. Although HopZ1a has been shown to interfere with early defense signaling at the PM, no dedicated plasma membrane-associated HopZ1a target protein has been identified until now. Read More

Int J Radiat Biol 2019 Apr 23:1-42. Epub 2019 Apr 23.

a Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University , Japan.

Purpose: This is a paper based on a talk given in the BER2018 conference by M. Bando. We first emphasize the importance of collaborations among scientists in various fields for the low dose/dose-rate effects on biological body. Read More

J Asian Nat Prod Res 2019 Apr 23:1-9. Epub 2019 Apr 23.

a State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants , Guizhou Medical University , Guiyang 550014 , China.

A series of novel parthenolide-thiazolidinedione hybrids have been synthesized via a click chemistry-mediated coupling between parthenolide and thiazolidinedione, and evaluated for their cytotoxic activities. The results indicated that all the hybrids showed moderate cytotoxic effects on human cancer cell lines, including human erythroleukemia cell line (HEL), prostate (PC3), and breast (MDA-MB-231) by MTT assay. In particular, compound VI-6 exhibited the best cytotoxic activities against the MDA-MB-231 cells with IC value of 2. Read More

Mol Plant Pathol 2019 Apr 23. Epub 2019 Apr 23.

The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China.

AGD2-LIKE DEFENCE RESPONSE PROTEIN 1 (ALD1) triggers plant defence against bacterial and fungal pathogens by regulating the salicylic acid (SA) pathway and an unknown SA-independent pathway. We now show that Nicotiana benthamiana ALD1 is involved in defence against a virus and that the ethylene pathway also participates in ALD1-mediated resistance. NbALD1 was up-regulated in plants infected with turnip mosaic virus (TuMV). Read More

Glob Chang Biol 2019 Apr 23. Epub 2019 Apr 23.

Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, 2601 ACT, Australia.

The absorption of atmospheric water directly into leaves enables plants to alleviate the water stress caused by low soil moisture, hydraulic resistance in the xylem and the effect of gravity on the water column, whilst enabling plants to scavenge small inputs of water from leaf wetting events. By increasing the availability of water, and supplying it from the top of the canopy (in a direction facilitated by gravity), foliar uptake (FU) may be a significant process in determining how forests interact with climate, and could alter our interpretation of current metrics for hydraulic stress and sensitivity. FU has not been reported for lowland tropical rain forests; we test whether FU occurs in six common Amazonian tree genera in lowland Amazônia, and make a first estimation of its contribution to canopy-atmosphere water exchange. Read More

Glob Chang Biol 2019 Apr 23. Epub 2019 Apr 23.

Department of Geography, Grumets Research Group, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain.

The mechanisms translating global circulation changes into rapid abrupt shifts in forest carbon capture in semi-arid biomes remain poorly understood. Here we report unprecedented multidecadal shifts in forest carbon uptake in semi-arid Mediterranean pine forests in Spain over 1950-2012. The averaged carbon sink reduction varies between 31-37%, and reaches values in the range of 50% in the most affected forest stands. Read More

J Pineal Res 2019 Apr 23:e12582. Epub 2019 Apr 23.

State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, the Key laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.

The transition from vegetative to reproductive growth is a key developmental event in a plant's life cycle. The process is mediated by a combination of phytohormones, including melatonin (MT) and strigolactone (SL). Here, the Arabidopsis mutants d14-1 and max4-1, which are compromised with respect to either SL synthesis or signaling, were shown to flower earlier than wild-types. Read More

Evolution 2019 Apr 23. Epub 2019 Apr 23.

Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.

The accumulation of exceptional ecological diversity within a lineage is a key feature of adaptive radiation resulting from diversification associated with the subdivision of previously underutilized resources. The invasion of unoccupied niche space is predicted to be a key determinant of adaptive diversification, and this process may be particularly important if the diversity of competing lineages within the area, in which the radiation unfolds, is already high. Here, we test whether the evolution of nectarivory resulted in significantly higher rates of morphological evolution, more extensive morphological disparity, and a heightened build-up of sympatric species diversity in a large adaptive radiation of passerine birds (the honeyeaters, ca. Read More

Faraday Discuss 2019 Apr 23. Epub 2019 Apr 23.

Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic. and Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Biological Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.

The fucoxanthin-chlorophyll a protein from Emiliania huxleyi (E-FCP) is a member of the LHC family of light-harvesting proteins. It has a rather unusual pigment composition as its binds more Chl-c than Chl-a, and 19'-hexanoyloxyfucoxanthin (hFx) as the main carotenoid instead of fucoxanthin (Fx) typically found in various FCP complexes. The presence of a hexanoyloxy tail in hFx suppresses the charge transfer character of the S1/ICT state resulting in almost no effect of polarity on the excited state dynamics of hFx, strongly contrasting with the excited-state properties of Fx. Read More

Chem Res Toxicol 2019 Apr 23. Epub 2019 Apr 23.

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are naturally occurring phytotoxins widely distributed in about 3% of flowering plants. The formation of PA-derived pyrrole-protein adducts is considered as a primary trigger initiating PA-induced hepatotoxicity. The present study aimed to (i) further validate our previous established derivatization method using acidified ethanolic AgNO3 for the analysis of pyrrole-protein adducts; and (ii) apply this method to characterize the binding tendency, dose-response, and elimination kinetics of pyrrole-protein adducts in the blood samples. Read More

Obesity (Silver Spring) 2019 May;27(5):777-784

Department of Pathology and Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the effects of humanlike Western and Mediterranean diets on caloric intake, obesity, metabolism, and hepatosteatosis in an established nonhuman primate model of obesity, cardiometabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and atherosclerosis.

Methods: A 38-month, randomized, preclinical, nonhuman primate primary prevention trial of 38 socially housed, middle-aged adult females was conducted. The monkeys were characterized during a 7-month baseline phase while consuming chow and then randomized to either Western or Mediterranean diets; the groups were balanced on baseline characteristics. Read More

Microb Biotechnol 2019 Apr 22. Epub 2019 Apr 22.

Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.

Late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins play a protective role during desiccation and oxidation stresses. LEA3 proteins are a major group characterized by a hydrophilic domain (HD) with a highly conserved repeating 11-amino acid motif. We compared four different HD orthologs from distant organisms: (i) DrHD from the extremophilic bacterium Deinococcus radiodurans; (ii) CeHD from the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans; (iii) YlHD from the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica; and (iv) BnHD from the plant Brassica napus. Read More

Anim Sci J 2019 Apr 22. Epub 2019 Apr 22.

Institute of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Gangwon, Korea.

The value-added products in livestock industry is one of the key issues in order to maximize the revenue and to create a new business model. Numerous studies have suggested application of herbal plants as feed additives to increase health, productivity, and/or high-quality product in livestock. In this study, the first experiment was designed to develop in vitro evaluation system by using primary chicken myoblast (pCM) cells isolated from pectoralis major of 10-day-old male embryos. Read More

Physiol Plant 2019 May;166(1):472

Physiol Plant 2019 May;166(1):4-6

Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019 Apr 23. Epub 2019 Apr 23.

General and Organic Chemistry, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège (ULiège), 5030, Gembloux, Belgium.

Epoxiconazole is a broad-spectrum fungicide described as highly persistent in soil and as such can be considered as an abiotic agent like other problematic agrochemicals. Furthermore, the plant phenotyping tool involving non-invasive monitoring of plant-emitted volatile organic compounds (VOCs) may be useful in the identification of metabolic markers for abiotic stress. We therefore decided to profile the VOCs from secondary metabolism of oilseed rape through a dose-response experiment under several epoxiconazole concentrations (0, 0. Read More

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019 Apr 22. Epub 2019 Apr 22.

School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.

Endophyte-assisted phytoremediation is considered to be an effective approach for bioremediation of heavy metal-contaminated soil; however, few information is available on Trifolium repens L. and its endophytes to remediate heavy metal-polluted soils. In this study, heavy metal-resistant endophytes were isolated from T. Read More

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019 Apr 22. Epub 2019 Apr 22.

Division of Agricultural Physics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India.

For remediating polluted soils, phytoextraction of metals received considerable attention in recent years, although slow removal of metals remained a major constraint in this approach. We, therefore, studied the effect of selected organic and inorganic amendments on the solubility of zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) in polluted soil and enhancing the efficacy of phytoextraction of these metals by Indian mustard (Brassica juncea cv. Pusa Vijay). Read More

Bull Math Biol 2019 Apr 22. Epub 2019 Apr 22.

Department of Mathematics, Maxwell Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK.

Vegetation patterns are a ubiquitous feature of water-deprived ecosystems. Despite the competition for the same limiting resource, coexistence of several plant species is commonly observed. We propose a two-species reaction-diffusion model based on the single-species Klausmeier model, to analytically investigate the existence of states in which both species coexist. Read More

Mol Biol Rep 2019 Apr 22. Epub 2019 Apr 22.

Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110 012, India.

Despite the significant importance of soybean isoflavone, the regulatory mechanism of miRNAs during its biosynthesis is highly unexplored. In the present work, nine existing miRNAs along with their ten corresponding target genes were identified and validated in soybean for their possible role during isoflavonoid biosynthesis and accumulation. Temporal expression analysis at four key stages of seed development (35, 45, 55 and 65DAF) of all the miRNA-target pairs showed varying degree of differential accumulation in two soybean genotypes (NRC37: high isoflavone; and NRC7: low isoflavone). Read More

Mol Biol Rep 2019 Apr 22. Epub 2019 Apr 22.

State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.

An isolate (CanS-34A) of Aspergillus from a healthy plant of oilseed rape (Brassica napus) was identified based on morphological characterization and multi-locus phylogeny using the sequences of internal transcribed spacer (ITS)-5.8S rDNA region, BenA (for β-tubulin), CaM (for calmodulin) and RPB2 (for RNA polymerase II). The results showed that CanS-34A belongs to Aspergillus capensis Hirooka et al. Read More

Dokl Biochem Biophys 2019 May 22;484(1):52-54. Epub 2019 Apr 22.

Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 664033, Irkutsk, Russia.

To enhance the synthesis of antigenic envelope proteins L1 of high-grade papillomavirus types HPV16, HPV18, HPV31, and HPV45, the sequence of the gene encoding the cucumber mosaic virus replicase (RdRP CMV) was inserted into the genetic construct. This made it possible to increase the production of these antigenic proteins to 25-27 μg/mg total soluble protein. Read More

Dokl Biochem Biophys 2019 May 22;484(1):29-32. Epub 2019 Apr 22.

Institute of Bioengineering, Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071, Moscow, Russia.

Fifteen chitinases of classes I-V were identified in the transcriptomes of pitchers and adult leaves of the carnivorous plant Nepenthes sp. Ten of these chitinases were identified for the first time, including the chitinases of classes II and V. The expression levels of all found chitinase genes in leaves and at three stages of pitcher development were determined. Read More

World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2019 Apr 22;35(5):69. Epub 2019 Apr 22.

Institute of Child Health, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700017, India.

The filamentous Bipolaris and Curvularia genera consist of species known to cause severe diseases in plants and animals amounting to an estimated annual loss of USD $10 billion worldwide. Despite the harmful effect of Bipolaris and Curvularia species, scarce attention is paid on beneficial areas where the fungi are used in industrial processes to generate biotechnological products. Catalytic potential of Bipolaris and Curvularia species in the production of biodiesel, bioflucculant, biosorbent, and mycoherbicide are promising for the bioeconomy. Read More

Plant Mol Biol 2019 Apr 22. Epub 2019 Apr 22.

Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China.

Key Message: Overexpression of VaWRKY12, whose nuclear translocation increased under low temperature, enhanced the cold tolerance of Arabidopsis and grapevine calli and significantly increased the expression of antioxidant-related genes. Low temperature causes injuries to buds during winter and to young shoots during early spring, thereby affecting grapevine quality and yield. Understanding the regulatory mechanisms of cold stress responses is essential for the breeding of new grapevine cultivars with excellent cold tolerance. Read More

Fish Physiol Biochem 2019 Apr 23. Epub 2019 Apr 23.

Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Lab of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Environmental Health, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong Province, China.

The aim of this work is to evaluate the effects of dietary inclusion of mixed plant protein (MP) (rapeseed meal:cottonseed meal:peanut meal = 1:1:1) on growth, body composition, blood biochemical parameters, growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor 1, and relative non-specific immune response in Yellow River carp Cyprinus carpio. Five isonitrogenous and isoenergetic trial diets were formulated to replace fish meal at 0 (MP0, control), 25% (MP25), 50% (MP50), 75% (MP75), and 100% (MP100) mixed plant protein, respectively. The 25% mixed plant protein did not affect the weight gain, specific growth rate, and protein efficiency ratio, whereas these parameters were depressed by 50% and above mixed plant protein. Read More

Biochem Genet 2019 Apr 22. Epub 2019 Apr 22.

Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.

Long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase (LACS) is one of the key enzymes involved in fatty acid metabolism, including phospholipid biosynthesis, triacylglycerol (TAG) biosynthesis, and fatty acid β-oxidation in plants. However, the characterization of LACSs family in seed oil biosynthesis of Brassica napus (B. napus) remains unknown. Read More

Bot Stud 2019 Apr 22;60(1). Epub 2019 Apr 22.

Biology Department, National Museum of Natural Science, No 1, Kuan-Chien Rd, Taichung, 40453, Taiwan.

Background: Anoectochilus roxburghii is known for its medicinal properties, culinary interests, and ornamental applications in Asian countries. Recent studies focus mainly on its phytochemical properties and little is known about its reproductive biology, especially seed and embryo development. This study documents the major developmental events in seed and embryo development of A. Read More

World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2019 Apr 22;35(5):72. Epub 2019 Apr 22.

Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP) "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil.

Bacterial diseases caused by members of the genus Xanthomonas affect agricultural crops of great importance in the world. At least 350 different plant diseases are caused by species of Xanthomonas. Important crops, such as: rice, citrus, cassava, tomato, sugar cane, passionfruit and brassicas are severely affected by bacteria of this genus. Read More

Arch Virol 2019 Apr 22. Epub 2019 Apr 22.

Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, Akita, Japan.

A flexuous virus was detected in a Cnidium officinale plant in Japan showing mosaic symptoms. The virus was assigned to the genus Potexvirus based on analysis of its complete nucleotide sequence. The genomic RNA of the virus was 5,964 nucleotides in length, excluding the 3'-terminal poly(A) tail. Read More

Mycorrhiza 2019 Apr 22. Epub 2019 Apr 22.

BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRA, SupAgro, Montpellier, France.

Soil salinity is an environmental condition that is currently increasing worldwide. Plant growth under salinity induces osmotic stress and ion toxicity impairing root water and nutrient absorption, but the association with beneficial soil microorganisms has been linked to an improved adaptation to this constraint. The ectomycorrhizal (ECM) symbiosis has been proposed as a key factor for a better tolerance of woody species to salt stress, thanks to the reduction of sodium (Na) uptake towards photosynthetic organs. Read More

Curr Genet 2019 Apr 22. Epub 2019 Apr 22.

Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Hebrew University, 76100, Rehovot, Israel.

When glucose is available, Saccharomyces cerevisiae prefers fermentation to respiration. In fact, it can live without respiration at all. Here, we study the role of respiration in stress tolerance in yeast. Read More

Plant Cell Rep 2019 Apr 22. Epub 2019 Apr 22.

Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430062, China.

Key Message: BnaIAA7 crosstalk with BR signaling is mediated by the interaction between BnaARF8 and BnaBZR1 to regulate rapeseed plant morphogenesis. Auxin (indole-3-acetic acid, IAA) and brassinosteroids (BRs) are essential regulators of plant morphogenesis. However, their roles in rapeseed have not been reported. Read More