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Sci Rep 2021 May 7;11(1):9801. Epub 2021 May 7.

Department of Endocrinology ASO/EASO COM, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 9RS, UK.

Prolactinomas represent the most common type of secretory pituitary neoplasms, with a therapeutic management that varies considerably based on tumour size and degree of hyperprolactinemia. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the relationship between serum prolactin (PRL) concentrations and prolactinoma size, and to determine a cut-off PRL value that could differentiate micro- from macro-prolactinomas. A retrospective cohort study of 114 patients diagnosed with prolactinomas between 2007 and 2017 was conducted. Read More

Br J Neurosurg 2021 May 6:1-6. Epub 2021 May 6.

Gandak Hospital, Birgunj, Nepal.

Introduction: Surgery is the primary treatment for Cushing's disease(CD). In cases with no biochemical remission after surgical resection or when recurrence occurs after a period of remission stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is used as alternative/adjuvant treatment. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the effectiveness of SRS and FSRS(Fractionated stereotactic radiosurgery) for the treatment of CD in a long term follow up. Read More

J Korean Med Sci 2021 Apr 19;36(15):e97. Epub 2021 Apr 19.

Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Background: Although long-term dopamine agonist (DA) therapy is recommended as a first-line treatment for prolactinoma, some patients may prefer surgical treatment because of the potential adverse effects of long-term medication, or the desire to become pregnant. This study aimed to determine whether surgical treatment of prolactinomas could be an alternative to DA therapy.

Methods: In this retrospective study, 96 consecutive patients (74 female, 22 male) underwent primary pituitary surgery without long-term DA treatment for prolactinomas at a single institution from 1990 to 2010. Read More

BMC Endocr Disord 2021 Mar 3;21(1):36. Epub 2021 Mar 3.

Department of Neurosurgery, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.

Background: Transsphenoidal surgery (TSS) to resect an adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-secreting pituitary adenoma is the first-line treatment for Cushing's disease (CD), with increasing usage of endoscopic transsphenoidal (ETSS) technique. The aim of this study was to assess remission rates and postoperative complications following ETSS for CD.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of a prospective single-surgeon database of consecutive patients with CD who underwent ETSS between January 2012-February 2020. Read More

Pituitary 2021 Jan 19. Epub 2021 Jan 19.

Institute of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Rambam Health Care Campus, HaAliya HaShniya Street 8, 3109601, Haifa, Israel.

Purpose: We aimed to assess clinical characteristics of apoplexy of pituitary microadenomas compared to macroadenomas.

Methods: We retrieved clinical records of patients > 18 years old, hospitalized in Rambam hospital between January 2001 and October 2017, with pituitary apoplexy and follow-up of at least one year. We compared clinical course and outcomes of apoplexy between patients with microadenomas and macroadenomas, and between patients who received conservative or surgical treatment. Read More

World Neurosurg 2021 Apr 14;148:e536-e546. Epub 2021 Jan 14.

USC Pituitary Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.

Background: The direct endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) has become the primary technique used for resection of sellar pathology, meriting investigation into the risk factors for complications and predictors of postoperative outcomes after direct EEA.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the patient and tumor characteristics from 404 patients who had undergone direct EEA for sellar pathology at the USC Pituitary Center from September 2011 to December 2019.

Results: Of the 404 pathologic entities included, 349 (86%) were pituitary adenomas (PAs), 29 (7%) were Rathke cleft cysts, and 26 (6%) were other sellar lesions. Read More

Cephalalgia 2021 Jan 6:333102420983303. Epub 2021 Jan 6.

Headache and Facial Pain Group, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK.

Objective: To determine the prevalence and clinical predictors of pituitary adenomas in cluster headache patients, in order to determine the necessity of performing dedicated pituitary magnetic resonance imaging in patients with cluster headache.

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted of all consecutive patients diagnosed with cluster headache and with available brain magnetic resonance imaging between 2007 and 2017 in a tertiary headache center. Data including demographics, attack characteristics, response to treatments, results of neuroimaging, and routine pituitary function tests were recorded. Read More

Rev Fac Cien Med Univ Nac Cordoba 2020 12 9;77(4):301-306. Epub 2020 Dec 9.

Departamento Neuroendocrinología Sociedad de Endocrinología y Metabolismo Córdoba.

Introduction: Acromegaly prevalence is 35-70 / million. Transsphenoidal surgery is the first-line treatment, with a remission rate of 80% for microadenomas and 50% for macroadenomas. Our aim was to evaluate the surgical results in Córdoba and determine predictive remission factors due to the lack of records. Read More

Ter Arkh 2020 Nov 24;92(10):48-53. Epub 2020 Nov 24.

Almazov National Medical Research Center.

Aim: To investigate the value of 24 hours post-surgery measurement of growth hormone (GH) level for prognosis of surgical outcomes in acromegaly.

Materials And Methods: A prospective cohort study included 45 patients with newly diagnosed acromegaly. The degree of parasellar extension was measured on the preoperative sellar magnetic resonance imaging according to the Knosps classification. Read More

World Neurosurg 2021 Feb 9;146:e1360-e1366. Epub 2020 Dec 9.

Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Songklanagarind Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand.

Background: Acromegaly is a rare, chronic disorder that mostly results from growth hormone (GH)-secreting pituitary adenoma. Transsphenoidal surgery is the first-line treatment of this adenoma. This study aimed to identify factors associated with remission outcome in patients with GH-secreting pituitary adenomas following transsphenoidal surgery. Read More

J Endocr Soc 2020 Dec 19;4(12):bvaa157. Epub 2020 Oct 19.

Department of Internal Medicine, Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia.

Estrogen (17β-estradiol or E2) is a crucial regulator of the synthesis and secretion of pituitary reproductive hormones luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and prolactin. In this review, we summarize the role of estrogen receptors in nonfunctioning pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (NF-Pitnets), focusing on immunoexpression and gonadotroph cell proliferation and apoptosis. Gonadotroph tumors are the most common subtype of NF-Pitnets. Read More

Genes (Basel) 2020 Nov 21;11(11). Epub 2020 Nov 21.

Chair and Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1a, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland.

Primary hyperparathyroidism is a relatively common endocrine disorder, which may be hereditary. This report describes clinical, biochemical, radiographic, and genetic findings, the latter obtained using next generation sequencing (NGS), in three consanguineous patients. Gene panels in NGS consisted of 5 or 70 genes, including and . Read More

Heliyon 2020 Oct 22;6(10):e05299. Epub 2020 Oct 22.

Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran.

Background: Inferior petrosal sinus sampling (IPSS) is known as the gold standard to distinguish whether excessive adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH) production origins from the pituitary gland or an ectopic source. However, due to a number of factors, the value of IPSS for adenoma lateralization may be limited. Aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of parasellar venous drainage (VD) patterns on IPSS findings in predicting lateralization of pituitary microadenomas. Read More

Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2021 Feb 6;94(2):269-276. Epub 2020 Nov 6.

Department of Diagnostic Radiology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.

Objective: To determine the incidence of pituitary incidentalomas in the paediatric population and among its different age subgroups as well as to identify the characteristics of these lesions. Additionally, we aim to give a perspective on the management and follow-up of these patients.

Design And Patients: We retrospectively studied MRI of children aged 18 years or below who underwent MRI with sellar region within their field of view between January 2010 and December 2018. Read More

Acta Endocrinol (Buchar) 2020 Apr-Jun;16(2):148-155

Jagiellonian University Medical College, Dept. of Neurosurgery and Neurotraumatology, Kraków, Poland.

Introduction: Symptoms related to hypersecretion of hormones in patients with pituitary adenomas do not always correlate with immunohistochemical staining results.

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between the pituitary adenomas hormone immunoexpressions and endocrine presentations.

Patients And Methods: The clinical status and immunoexpression of 72 patients who underwent transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary adenomas were analyzed. Read More

Pituitary 2020 Oct;23(5):595-609

St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.

Purpose: Transsphenoidal surgery (TSS) is the first-line treatment for Cushing's disease (CD). This review aimed to synthesize the remission and recurrence rates following TSS for CD and identify predictors of these outcomes.

Methods: Medline (1946-) and Embase (1947-) were searched until 23rd January 2019 for original studies. Read More

Neurol India 2020 May-Jun;68(Supplement):S72-S78

Department of Neurosurgery, Devadoss Hospital, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India.

Pituitary apoplexy (PA) is a rare, usually vision-threatening and occasionally life-threatening entity. The exact incidence of PA in large series of pituitary adenomas is variable; however, it is more common in macroadenomas and nonfunctioning adenomas though it has been reported rarely in microadenomas. There are several well-known precipitating factors for PA including the use of anticoagulants, surgery, head trauma, pregnancy, etc. Read More

Neurol India 2020 May-Jun;68(Supplement):S66-S71

Department of Neurosurgery, Seth G.S. Medical College and K.E.M Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.

The authors review the anatomy of the pituitary gland on the basis of cadaver dissection studies and anatomy of dural relationships of pituitary tumors and its extensions on the basis of a 35-year-old experience of surgically treating pituitary tumors. Perfect understanding of anatomical correlates and nuances of pituitary tumor surgery is essential to achieve satisfactory surgical results. The pituitary gland is located in a specially enclosed cavity that is neither intracranial nor extracranial. Read More

J Clin Med 2020 Jun 12;9(6). Epub 2020 Jun 12.

Endocrinology Department, Alicante General University Hospital-ISABIAL, Miguel Hernández University, CIBERER, 03010 Alicante, Spain.

The potential role of miRNAs in the silencing mechanisms of pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) has not been addressed. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the expression levels and the potential associated role of some miRNAs, pathways, and transcription factors in the silencing mechanisms of corticotroph tumors (CTs). Accordingly, the expression of miR-375, miR-383, miR-488, miR-200a and miR-103; of , , , , , , , and were analyzed via qRT-PCR in 23 silent and 24 functioning CTs. Read More

Neurosurg Focus 2020 06;48(6):E7

1Department of Neurosurgery, and.

Objective: The primary aim of this study was to investigate the value of multidisciplinary team (MDT) management in treating patients with Cushing's disease (CD). The secondary aim was to assess the concordance of bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling (BIPSS) lateralization with intraoperative observations.

Methods: The authors recruited 124 consecutive patients (128 procedures) who had undergone endoscopic endonasal resection of adrenocorticotropic hormone-secreting pituitary adenomas from May 2014 to April 2018 and assessed their clinical characteristics, surgical outcomes, and adjuvant therapies. Read More

Neurosurg Focus 2020 06;48(6):E10

1Department of Neurosurgery, USC Pituitary Center, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.

Objective: Acromegaly is a disease of acral enlargement and elevated serum levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and growth hormone (GH), usually caused by a pituitary adenoma. A lack of consensus on factors that reliably predict outcomes in acromegalic patients following endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery (EETS) warrants additional investigation.

Methods: The authors identified 52 patients with acromegaly who underwent an endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) for resection of a GH-secreting pituitary adenoma. Read More

Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020 5;11:256. Epub 2020 May 5.

Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.

Whether girls with central precocious puberty (CPP) should undergo routine brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to identify potential intracranial pathologies is controversial. To evaluate the brain MRI results of girls with CPP and identify the clinical and endocrine predictors of brain abnormalities. This retrospective study obtained data from pediatric endocrine clinics at Chang Gung Children's Hospital. Read More

J Med Case Rep 2020 May 19;14(1):59. Epub 2020 May 19.

Department of Neurosurgery, Kocaeli University, Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli, Turkey.

Background: The coexistence of two morphologically different tumors attached to each other creates a very rare type of tumor called a collision tumor. Collision tumors containing pituitary adenoma-sellar meningioma have only been described in four cases to date; we discuss a fifth case harboring a collision tumor comprising a pituitary corticotroph adenoma and a sellar meningioma in the same anatomic position.

Case Presentation: A 34-year-old Caucasian woman presented with menstrual irregularity, severe weakness of the proximal muscles, and 10-15 kg weight gain within a year. Read More

Zh Vopr Neirokhir Im N N Burdenko 2020 ;84(2):110-120

Burdenko Neurosurgical Center, Moscow, Russia.

According to previously accepted criteria, pituitary microadenoma is characterized by a diameter of less than 10 mm. Improvement and widespread use of MRI are accompanied by increased incidence of diagnosis of these neoplasms. Pituitary microadenomas is an extremely heterogeneous group of tumors with different biological behavior, endocrine secretion and clinical symptoms despite the common MR characteristics. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2020 May;99(19):e19855

Neurosurgery Department.

The endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach (EETA) is the primary treatment for growth hormone (GH) adenoma. This study aimed to investigate the outcomes of EETA in 33 patients with GH-secreting pituitary adenoma (PA).Thirty-three patients who underwent EETA in Eighth People's Hospital of Shenzhen between January 2013 and December 2017 were included in the comprehensive analysis. Read More

Pituitary 2020 Aug;23(4):367-380

Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.

Background: Suprasellar pituitary adenomas (SPAs) are a special type of pituitary adenoma. Although dozens of SPA cases have been reported, the exact definition and the characteristics of SPA have not been exhaustively discussed before.

Methods: In a retrospective electronic medical records review, 13 patients with SPA were identified in our hospital between January 2010 and December 2019. Read More

Diagnostics (Basel) 2020 Apr 16;10(4). Epub 2020 Apr 16.

Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Miguel Hernández University, 03010 Alicante, Spain.

miR-17-5p and have been described as deregulated in cancer, but they have scarcely been studied in pituitary neuroendocrine tumours (PitNETs). This study evaluates the relationship of and miR-17-5p with the invasiveness and proliferation of PitNETs. In this cross-sectional descriptive study, we evaluated the expression of , , and miR-17-5p by quantitative real time PCR analysis in 60 PitNETs: 29 gonadotroph (GT), 15 functioning somatotroph (ST), and 16 corticotroph (CT) tumours, of which 8 were silent (sCT). Read More

J Endocr Soc 2020 Apr 18;4(4):bvaa021. Epub 2020 Feb 18.

Departments of Neurosurgery, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York.

Context: Clinically nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas (CNFPAs) typically remain undetected until mass effect symptoms develop. However, currently, head imaging is performed commonly for many other indications, which may increase incidental discovery of CNFPAs. Since current presentation and outcome data are based on older, retrospective series, a prospective characterization of a contemporary CNFPA cohort was needed. Read More

Case Rep Endocrinol 2020 12;2020:2946868. Epub 2020 Mar 12.

Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, and Hormonal and Metabolic Research Unit, Excellence Center in Diabetes, Hormone and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Patumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.

The most common subtype of endogenous Cushing's syndrome (CS) is Cushing's disease (CD), with higher proportions of adrenal CS reported from Asia, compared to other continents. However, little was known about CS in this territory. This study was to investigate the distribution, clinical characteristics, and treatment outcomes of CS in a single tertiary hospital in Thailand. Read More

Thyroid 2020 09 4;30(9):1236-1244. Epub 2020 May 4.

Department of Endocrine & Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine & Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China.

Diagnosis of thyrotropin (TSH)-secreting pituitary adenomas (TSHoma) before surgery remains a challenge, especially for microadenomas. We aimed to establish a short-term somatostatin analogue (SSA) test to differentiate TSHomas from other causes of syndromes of inappropriate secretion of TSH (IST), mainly resistance to thyroid hormone β (RTHβ). We first evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of SSA test in a training cohort (TSHoma,  = 32; RTHβ,  = 20). Read More