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Wiad Lek 2021 ;74(6):1389-1395

O.O. BOGOMOLETS NATIONAL MEDICAL UNIVERSITY, KYIV, UKRAINE.

Objective: The aim: Is to provide data on the presence of potential pathogens of ARTIs in children in Ukraine.

Patients And Methods: Materials and methods: The etiology of ARTIs was investigated in 487 children in MC 'Eurolab', Kyiv, Ukraine during 2018-2020 years. Seven respiratory viruses - Respiratory Syncytial virus (RSV), Parainfluenza virus (PIV), Adenovirus (AdV), human Metapneumovirus (MPV), Rhinovirus (RV), human Bocavirus (BoV), Coronavirus (CoV), were identified by PCR. Read More

J Infect Dis 2021 Jun 17. Epub 2021 Jun 17.

National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.

Background: Although a human adenovirus (HAdV) vaccine is available for military use, officers-in-training are not routinely vaccinated. We describe an HAdV-associated respiratory outbreak among unvaccinated cadets at the U.S. Read More

Virol J 2021 06 14;18(1):127. Epub 2021 Jun 14.

Pediatric Pulmonology Department, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Background: In COVID-19 patients, undetected co-infections may have severe clinical implications associated with increased hospitalization, varied treatment approaches and mortality. Therefore, we investigated the implications of viral and bacterial co-infection in COVID-19 clinical outcomes.

Methods: Nasopharyngeal samples were obtained from 48 COVID-19 patients (29% ICU and 71% non-ICU) and screened for the presence of 24 respiratory pathogens using six multiplex PCR panels. Read More

Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021 25;11:676183. Epub 2021 May 25.

Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Center of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.

Deficiency in memory formation and increased immunosenescence are pivotal features of infection proposed to play a role in parasite persistence and disease development. The vaccination protocol that consists in a prime with plasmid DNA followed by the boost with a deficient recombinant human adenovirus type 5, both carrying the ASP2 gene of , is a powerful strategy to elicit effector memory CD8 T-cells against this parasite. In virus infections, the inhibition of mTOR, a kinase involved in several biological processes, improves the response of memory CD8 T-cells. Read More

Ther Adv Infect Dis 2021 Jan-Dec;8:20499361211018027. Epub 2021 May 24.

Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, UMass Memorial Medical Center, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA.

Human cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus have been recognized as potential drivers of morbidity and mortality of patients undergoing allogeneic stem cell transplantation for years. Specific protocols for monitoring, prophylaxis and pre-emptive therapy are in place in many transplant settings. In this review, we focus on the next three most frequent viruses, human herpesvirus-6, BK virus and adenovirus, causing reactivation and/or viremia after allogeneic transplant, which are increasingly detected in patients in the post-transplant period owing to emerging techniques of molecular biology, recipients' characteristics, treatment modalities used for conditioning and factors related donors or stem cell source. Read More

Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2021 Apr 22;101(1):115401. Epub 2021 Apr 22.

Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Fourth center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China. Electronic address:

Three human adenovirus (HAdV) genotypes, HAdV-7, HAdV-14, and HAdV-55, emerged as the most prevalent variants in China over the past decade and caused both sporadic, fatal cases and frequent, large outbreaks. Early diagnosis is essential to control infections and endemics. Here, we established a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay coupled with an instrument-free nucleic acid extraction device recently developed by our group; the assay could detect all the 3 prevalent HAdV genotypes. Read More

Food Environ Virol 2021 Jun 4. Epub 2021 Jun 4.

Pediatric Department, Centre of Medical Excellence, Medical Research Division, NRC, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.

The objective of this study was to investigate human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63) prevalence among the other respiratory viruses such as parainfluenza, respiratory syncytial virus, and non-enteric adenoviruses in clinical specimens of Egyptian children and raw sewage samples. One hundred clinical specimens were collected from Egyptian children suffering from upper and lower respiratory viral infections in the years 2005-2006 to detect HCoV-NL63 genome using RT-PCR. All the specimens were negative for the virus. Read More

Viruses 2021 May 28;13(6). Epub 2021 May 28.

Department of Viral Transformation, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology (HPI), 20251 Hamburg, Germany.

The adenovirus type 5 (HAdV-C5) E1 transcription unit encodes regulatory proteins that are essential for viral replication and transformation. Among these, E1A and E1B-55K act as key multifunctional HAdV-C5 proteins involved in various steps of the viral replication cycle and in virus-induced cell transformation. In this context, HAdV-C5-mediated dysregulations of cellular factors such as the tumor suppressors p53 and pRB have been intensively investigated. Read More

Int J Infect Dis 2021 May 27. Epub 2021 May 27.

Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Fiocruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365-Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Electronic address:

Objectives: Verify the frequency of viruses causing acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in association with the histo blood group antigen (HBGA) and the Rotarix™ vaccination coverage in children from the Amazon region.

Design: Fecal and saliva samples were collected from children with AGE (n = 485) and acute respiratory infection (ARI) (n = 249) clinical symptoms. Rotavirus A (RVA), norovirus, human adenovirus (HAdV) and sapovirus (SaV) were verified in feces by molecular detection. Read More

Exp Neurobiol 2021 May 28. Epub 2021 May 28.

Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative motor disorder. While PD has been attributed to dopaminergic neuronal death in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc), accumulating lines of evidence have suggested that reactive astrogliosis is critically involved in PD pathology. These pathological changes are associated with α-synuclein aggregation, which is more prone to be induced by an A53T mutation. Read More

Infect Genet Evol 2021 May 21;93:104939. Epub 2021 May 21.

Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China. Electronic address:

The rise in human adenovirus (HAdV) infections poses a serious challenge to public health in China. Real-time (RT) sequencing provides solutions for achieving rapid pathogen identification during outbreaks, whereas high-throughput sequencing yields higher sequence accuracy. In the present study, we report the outcomes of applying nanopore and BGI platforms in the identification and genomic analysis of an HAdV outbreak in Hubei province, China in May of 2019. Read More

Rev Med Virol 2021 May 24:e2255. Epub 2021 May 24.

Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.

As a health problem, obesity has several risk factors; it has been suggested that human adenovirus type 36 (HAdV-36) infections may possibly be associated with obesity. This updated meta-analysis was designed and conducted with an emphasis on articles published from 2015 to 2020. The PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases were searched up to 1 December 2020. Read More

Front Microbiol 2021 5;12:668890. Epub 2021 May 5.

Plum Island Animal Disease Center (PIADC), ARS, USDA, Greenport, NY, United States.

Interferons (IFNs) are considered the first line of defense against viral diseases. Due to their ability to modulate immune responses, they have become an attractive therapeutic option to control virus infections. In fact, like many other viruses, foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), the most contagious pathogen of cloven-hoofed animals, is highly sensitive to the action of IFNs. Read More

Front Microbiol 2021 7;12:659784. Epub 2021 May 7.

Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.

Roof-harvested rainwater (RHRW) was investigated for the presence of the human pathogenic bacteria (), spp. and (). While spp. Read More

Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2021 06 23;50(2):383-402. Epub 2021 Apr 23.

Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, 4553 JCP, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA. Electronic address:

Nonhepatotropic viruses such as adenovirus, herpes simplex virus, flaviviruses, filoviruses, and human herpes virus, and bacteria such as Coxiella burnetii, can cause liver injury mimicking acute hepatitis. Most of these organisms cause a self-limited infection. However, in immunocompromised patients, they can cause severe hepatitis or in some cases fulminant hepatic failure requiring an urgent liver transplant. Read More

Vaccine 2021 Jun 17;39(26):3498-3508. Epub 2021 May 17.

Department of Molecular Biodefense Research, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan. Electronic address:

Adenovirus infections are a major cause of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC), which can lead to corneal subepithelial infiltrates and multifocal corneal opacity. In the current study, we investigated the use of an E1/E3-deleted adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5) vector as a vaccine administered intramuscularly (IM) or intranasally (IN) against subsequent challenges with a luciferase-expressing Ad5 (Ad5-Luci) vector via eyedrop. We evaluated the adaptive immune response to Ad5 vector vaccination and confirmed a robust polyfunctional CD8 T cell response in splenic cells. Read More

Vaccine 2021 06 18;39(25):3372-3378. Epub 2021 May 18.

Communicable Disease Branch, Centre for Health Protection, Department of Health, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.

Effectiveness of seasonal influenza vaccine (SIV) varies with the degree of matching with the vaccine and circulating viruses. We continued our SIV effectiveness against medically-attended influenza-like illness (ILI) under the Department of Health Hong Kong's sentinel private medical practitioners (PMP) network, using the test-negative case-control design, for the 2018/19 and 2019/20 season. In addition, we studied the potential interference between SIV and ILI caused by non-influenza respiratory viruses (NIRV) based on data collated from 2017/18 to 2019/20 seasons. Read More

BMC Pediatr 2021 05 18;21(1):238. Epub 2021 May 18.

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, USA.

Background: Fever is a common symptom in children presenting to the Emergency Department (ED). We aimed to describe the epidemiology of systemic viral infections and their predictive values for excluding serious bacterial infections (SBIs), including bacteremia, meningitis and urinary tract infections (UTIs) in children presenting to the ED with suspected systemic infections.

Methods: We enrolled children who presented to the ED with suspected systemic infections who had blood cultures obtained at seven healthcare facilities. Read More

Eur J Med Res 2021 May 14;26(1):45. Epub 2021 May 14.

Research Center of Clinical and Translational Medicine, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese, PLA General Hospital, 100 Middle Street of 4th West Ring Road, Beijing, 100039, China.

Background: Hematological comparison of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and other viral pneumonias can provide insights into COVID-19 treatment.

Methods: In this retrospective case-control single-center study, we compared the data of 126 patients with viral pneumonia during different outbreaks [severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2003, influenza A (H1N1) in 2009, human adenovirus type 7 in 2018, and COVID-19 in 2020].

Results: One of the COVID-19 characteristics was a continuous decline in the hemoglobin level. Read More

Mol Immunol 2021 Jul 11;135:351-364. Epub 2021 May 11.

College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China; International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China. Electronic address:

Cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) is a key regulator of RNA-polymerase II and a candidate therapeutic target for various virus infections such as respiratory syncytial virus, herpes simplex virus, human adenovirus, human cytomegalovirus, hepatitis virus B, and human papillomavirus. We employed CDK9-IN-1, a selective CDK9 inhibitor, to investigate the role of CDK9 in porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection. CDK9-IN-1 dose-dependently reduced PRRSV replication without cytotoxicity in the infected cells. Read More

Clin Lab 2021 May;67(5)

Background: Respiratory syncytial virus and adenovirus are seasonal diseases that cause an enormous burden on health systems. Previously, our lab uses DHI D3-Ultra DFA for detecting antigen of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and adenovirus (ADV). This article will evaluate the performance of AutoLumo RSV-IgM and ADV-IgM assays compared to D3-Ultra DFA method. Read More

Front Immunol 2021 21;12:638575. Epub 2021 Apr 21.

Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States.

Metformin is not only the first-line medication for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, but it is also effective as an anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and anti-tumor agent. However, the effect of metformin during viral hepatitis remains elusive. Using an adenovirus (Ad)-induced viral hepatitis mouse model, we found that metformin treatment significantly attenuated liver injury, with reduced serum aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) levels and liver histological changes, presumably decreased effector T cell responses. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2021 May;100(18):e25799

Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.

Abstract: To investigate the epidemiology and factors associated with the severity of viral acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) in children hospitalized in Manaus, Amazonas, in 2017 to 2018.Retrospective cohort study of children hospitalized at the Hospital and Emergency Room Delphina Rinaldi Abdel Aziz, in Manaus, from April 01, 2017 to August 31, 2018, with a clinical diagnosis of ALRI and nasopharyngeal aspirates positive for at least 1 respiratory virus.One hundred forty-six children aged 0. Read More

Rev Med Virol 2021 May 4. Epub 2021 May 4.

Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are by-products of cellular metabolism and can be either beneficial, at low levels, or deleterious, at high levels, to the cell. It is known that several viral infections can increase oxidative stress, which is mainly facilitated by viral-induced imbalances in the antioxidant defence mechanisms of the cell. While the exact role of ROS in certain viral infections (adenovirus and dengue virus) remains unknown, other viruses can use ROS for enhancement of pathogenesis (SARS coronavirus and rabies virus) or replication (rhinovirus, West Nile virus and vesicular stomatitis virus) or both (hepatitis C virus, human immunodeficiency virus and influenza virus). Read More

Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021 04 29;18(9). Epub 2021 Apr 29.

Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.

The regular monitoring of water environments is essential for preventing waterborne virus-mediated contamination and mitigating health concerns. We aimed to detect human adenovirus (HAdV) in the Wadi Hanifah (WH) and Wadi Namar (WN) lakes, King Saud University wastewater treatment plant (KSU-WWTP), Manfouha-WWTP, irrigation water (IW), and AnNazim landfill (ANLF) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. HAdV hexon sequences were analyzed against 71 HAdV prototypes and investigated for seasonal influence. Read More

J Biomed Sci 2021 Apr 30;28(1):34. Epub 2021 Apr 30.

Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Background: The spread of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), has been characterized as a worldwide pandemic. Currently, there are few preclinical animal models that suitably represent infection, as the main point of entry to human cells is via human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) which is not present in typical preclinical mouse strains. Additionally, SARS-CoV-2 is highly virulent and unsafe for use in many research facilities. Read More

Cells 2021 Apr 25;10(5). Epub 2021 Apr 25.

Department of Pediatrics & Human Development, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA.

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by genetic mutations of the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), leading to disrupted transport of Cl and bicarbonate and CF lung disease featuring bacterial colonization and chronic infection in conducting airways. CF pigs engineered by mutating CFTR develop lung disease that mimics human CF, and are well-suited for investigating CF lung disease therapeutics. Clinical data suggest small airways play a key role in the early pathogenesis of CF lung disease, but few preclinical studies have focused on small airways. Read More

EBioMedicine 2021 May 25;67:103346. Epub 2021 Apr 25.

Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA.. Electronic address:

Background: genetic susceptibility to infection is mediated by numerous host factors, including the highly diverse, classical human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes, which are critical genetic determinants of immunity. We systematically evaluated the effect of HLA alleles and haplotypes on susceptibility to 12 common enteric infections in children during the first year of life in an urban slum of Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Methods: a birth cohort of 601 Bangladeshi infants was prospectively monitored for diarrhoeal disease. Read More

Food Environ Virol 2021 Apr 23. Epub 2021 Apr 23.

Department of Food and Environmental Virology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Al. Partyzantów 57, 24-100, Puławy, Poland.

Pig's blood and liver are valuable edible slaughter by-products which are also the major ingredients of offal-derived foodstuffs. The aim of the study was an evaluation of the occurrence of hepatitis E virus (HEV) and porcine adenovirus (pAdV) as an index virus of faecal contamination in pig's blood and liver for human consumption. In total, 246 samples of retail liver (n = 100) and pooled pig's blood (n = 146) were analysed for the presence of HEV and pAdV. Read More

BMC Pediatr 2021 04 22;21(1):195. Epub 2021 Apr 22.

Department of Neurology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, 3333 Binsheng road, Zhejiang Province, 310052, Hangzhou, PR China.

Background: To investigate the impact of protective measures and isolation on respiratory tract infections in children during the COVID-19 outbreak.

Methods: We extracted data on outpatient visits and respiratory infection visits, and tests of respiratory viruses (adenovirus (ADV), influenza A (FluA), influenza B (FluB) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)) from electronic healthcare records in Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine during the COVID-19 outbreak (January-April, 2020), compared with those in 2018 and 2019 during the same periods.

Results: We found that outpatient visits in January, 2020 was comparable with those in 2018 and 2019, but decreased by 59. Read More