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Vaccine 2019 Apr 18. Epub 2019 Apr 18.

Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; InProTher ApS, DK2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.

CD8+ T cells are known to control infections, but their role in preventing latent infection from establishing has not been thoroughly investigated. We hypothesized that a potent CD8+ T cell response patrolling the mucosal viral entry points could kill the first infected cells and thereby abrogate the infection before latency is established. To investigate this, replication deficient adenovirus serotype 5 vectors encoding murine γ-herpesvirus-68 CD8+ T cell epitopes linkedto the T cell adjuvant Invariant chain, were developed. Read More

Haematologica 2019 Apr 19. Epub 2019 Apr 19.

Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA

Respiratory tract infections due to community-acquired respiratory viruses including respiratory syncytial virus, Influenza, parainfluenza virus 3 and human metapneumovirus are detected in up to 40% of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients in whom they cause severe symptoms including pneumonia and bronchiolitis and can be fatal. Given the lack of effective antivirals and the data from our group demonstrating that adoptively transferred ex vivo-expanded virus-specific T cells can be clinically beneficial for the treatment of both latent (Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, BK virus, human herpesvirus 6) and lytic (adenovirus) viruses, we investigated the potential for extending this immunotherapeutic approach to respiratory viruses. We now describe a system that rapidly generates a single preparation of polyclonal (CD4+ and CD8+) virus-specific T cells reactive against 12 antigens derived from 4 viruses (respiratory syncytial virus, Influenza, parainfluenza virus 3 and human metapneumovirus) that commonly cause post-transplant morbidity and mortality. Read More

Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019 3;9:91. Epub 2019 Apr 3.

Virology Laboratory, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Discipline of Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are major contributors to the global disease burden with many experts recognizing the requirement of an effective vaccine to bring a durable end to these viral epidemics. The most promising vaccine candidates that have advanced into pre-clinical models and the clinic to eliminate or provide protection against these chronic viruses are viral vectors [e.g. Read More

Transpl Infect Dis 2019 Apr 16:e13095. Epub 2019 Apr 16.

Pediatric Clinic, "P & A Kyriakou" Children's Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Faculty of Nursing, Athens, Greece.

Background: Viral infections are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in pediatric transplant populations. We analyzed the epidemiology of viral infections in pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) patients, including their incidence, associated risk factors, and outcome.

Methods: In a prospective study from September 2011 to September 2015 blood, urine and stool specimens were monitored weekly from transplantation to day 100 or after if clinically suspected, by use of real-time polymerase chain reaction. Read More

Multidiscip Respir Med 2019 1;14:11. Epub 2019 Apr 1.

Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansura University, Mansura, Egypt.

Background: Respiratory viral and atypical bacterial infections data in Egyptian patients are sparse. This study describes the clinical features and outcomes of patients with severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) in hospitalized patients in Egypt.

Methods: SARI surveillance was implemented at Cairo University Hospital (CUH) during the period 2010-2014. Read More

J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2019 Apr 10. Epub 2019 Apr 10.

The Charles T. Campbell Ophthalmic Microbiology Laboratory, UPMC Eye Center, Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

Purpose: Adenoviral conjunctivitis is the most common cause of conjunctivitis worldwide with no approved antiviral treatment. Benzalkonium chloride (BAK) is a common preservative in ophthalmic medications and is the active ingredient in some skin disinfectants and hand sanitizers. BAK is known to be effective in killing bacteria and enveloped viruses; however, its activity against ocular types of nonenveloped adenoviruses (Ads) is unknown. Read More

Open Forum Infect Dis 2019 Mar 13;6(3):ofz074. Epub 2019 Feb 13.

Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.

Background: Although pneumonia is a known cause of morbidity and mortality in Sarawak, Malaysia, the etiology and epidemiology of pneumonia are not well described in this equatorial region. Routine clinical diagnostics for pneumonia etiology at government hospitals in Sarawak had historically involved only bacterial diagnostics. Viral diagnostics were only obtained through outside consultations. Read More

J Virol 2019 Apr 3. Epub 2019 Apr 3.

Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

Human adenovirus (HAdV) causes minor illnesses in most patients, but can lead to severe disease and death in pediatric, geriatric and immunocompromised individuals. No approved antiviral therapy currently exists for the treatment of these severe HAdV-induced diseases. In this study, we show that the pan-histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor SAHA reduces HAdV-5 gene expression and DNA replication in tissue culture, ultimately decreasing virus yield from infected cells. Read More

J Water Health 2019 Apr;17(2):287-294

Virology and Immunology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.

Incidence of enteric viruses in sewage, the efficacy of wastewater treatment plants to remove these viruses, and health effects from their release into the surface water are very important environmental issues in the microbiology field. One of the most pathogenic enteric viruses is adenovirus which can cause a serious disease such as gastroenteritis with low grade fever and mild dehydration in humans. In this study we performed qualitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of HAdV on 60 stool samples from children with acute gastroenteritis admitted to Abu-Rish hospital and 96 environmental samples (32 raw sewage, 32 treated sewage, 32 sewage sludge) collected from Zenin wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). Read More

FEMS Microbiol Rev 2019 Mar 27. Epub 2019 Mar 27.

Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, 1100 S. Grand Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, USA.

The symptoms of human adenovirus infections are generally mild and self-limiting. However, these infections have been gaining importance in recent years because of a growing number of immunocompromised patients. Solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients are subjected to severe immunosuppressive regimes and cannot efficaciously eliminate virus infections. Read More

J Virol Methods 2019 Mar 22;269:1-6. Epub 2019 Mar 22.

Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. Electronic address:

Background: The role of respiratory viruses as the major cause of acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRTIs) in children is becoming increasingly evident due to the use of sensitive molecular detection methods. The aim of this study was to use conventional and molecular detection methods to assess the epidemiology of respiratory viral infections in children less than five years of age that were hospitalized with ALRTIs.

Methods: The cross-sectional study was designed to investigate the occurrence of respiratory viruses including respiratory syncytisl virus (RSV), human metapneumovirus (HMPV), influenza virus A and B (IFV-A and B), parainfluenzavirus 1, 2, 3 and 4 (PIV 1, 2, 3 and 4), human rhinoviruses (HRV), human enterovirus (HEV), human coronaviruses (HCoV) 229E and OC43, human bocavirus (HBoV) and human adenovirus (HAdV) in hospitalized children with ALRTIs, at Hospital Serdang, Malaysia, from June 16 to December 21, 2009. Read More

J Med Virol 2019 Mar 22. Epub 2019 Mar 22.

Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sheikh Khalifa Specialty Hospital, Ras Al Khaimah, UAE.

Background: The data on the seasonality of respiratory viruses helps to ensure the optimal vaccination period and to monitor the possible outbreaks of variant type.

Objectives: This study was designed to describe the molecular epidemiology and seasonality of acute respiratory infection (ARI)-related respiratory viruses in the United Arab Emirates (UAE).

Methods: Both upper and lower respiratory specimens were collected for the analysis from all the patients who visited the Sheikh Khalifa Specialty Hospital (SKSH) with ARI for over 2 years. Read More

Pediatr Infect Dis J 2019 Apr;38(4):344-350

Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.

Background: The contribution of respiratory viruses to childhood pneumonia in tropical low- and middle-income countries is poorly understood. We used population-based respiratory illness surveillance in children 5 years of age or younger in Dhaka, Bangladesh, to characterize these illnesses.

Methods: We conducted weekly home visits to children who were referred to clinic for fever or respiratory symptoms. Read More

Open Forum Infect Dis 2019 Mar 26;6(3):ofy354. Epub 2018 Dec 26.

University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York.

Human adenovirus type 34 (HAdV-34) infection is a recognized cause of transplant-associated hemorrhagic cystitis and, in rare cases, tubulointerstitial nephritis. The source of such infections is often difficult to assess, that is, whether acquired as a primary infection, exposure to a pathogen in the transplanted organ, or reactivation of an endogenous latent infection. We present here 2 cases of likely transplant-acquired HAdV-34 infection from the same organ donor, manifesting as tubulointerstitial nephritis in 1. Read More

Glycobiology 2019 Mar 14. Epub 2019 Mar 14.

Laboratorio de Glicobiología Humana y Diagnóstico Molecular; Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos. Av. Universidad 1001, Cuernavaca, México.

Certain viral infections are known to modify the glycosylation profile of infected cells through the overexpression of specific host cell fucosyltransferases (FUTs). Infection with CMV (cytomegalovirus), HCV (hepatitis C virus), HSV-1 (herpes simplex virus type-1) and VZV (varicella-zoster virus) increase the expression of fucosylated epitopes, including antigens sLex (Siaα2-3 Galβ1-4(Fucα1-3)GlcNAcβ1-R) and Ley (Fucα1-2 Galβ1-4(Fucα1-3)GlcNAcβ1-R). The reorganization of the glycocalyx induced by viral infection may favor the spread of viral progeny, and alter diverse biological functions mediated by glycans, including recognition by the adaptive immune system. Read More

Nat Commun 2019 03 12;10(1):1181. Epub 2019 Mar 12.

Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38042, Grenoble, France.

Attachment of human adenovirus (HAd) to the host cell is a critical step of infection. Initial attachment occurs via the adenoviral fibre knob protein and a cellular receptor. Here we report the cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of a <100 kDa non-symmetrical complex comprising the trimeric HAd type 3 fibre knob (HAd3K) and human desmoglein 2 (DSG2). Read More

Sci Rep 2019 Mar 12;9(1):4298. Epub 2019 Mar 12.

Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.

Human adenovirus (HAdV) group C are the common etiologic in infants with severe acute respiratory infections (SARI). In the study, we report that a novel recombinant HAdV-C group strain (SH2016) was isolated from an infant with SARI in Shanghai in Feb. 4, 2016. Read More

Front Microbiol 2019 22;10:414. Epub 2019 Feb 22.

Molecular Microbiology, Children's Cancer Research Institute, Vienna, Austria.

Despite recent progress in the diagnostic risk assessment of human adenovirus (HAdV) infections in immunocompromised patients, clinical complications mediated by these viruses continue contributing to significant morbidity and mortality, particularly in the pediatric hematopoietic allogeneic stem cell transplant (HSCT) setting. Current data highlight the importance of monitoring stool samples to assess the risk of invasive HAdV infections in children undergoing HSCT. The advent of novel, more effective antiviral treatment options might permit successful virus control even at the stage of systemic infection, thus increasing the interest in optimized HAdV monitoring in peripheral blood (PB). Read More

J Infect Dis 2019 Mar 8. Epub 2019 Mar 8.

Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh.

Acute respiratory tract infections (ARI) constitute a substantial disease burden in adults and elderly individuals. We aimed to identify all case-control studies investigating the potential role of respiratory viruses in the etiology of ARI in older adults aged ≥65 years. We conducted a systematic literature review (across 7 databases) of case-control studies published from 1996 to 2017 that investigated the viral profile of older adults with and those without ARI. Read More

Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2019 Apr 2;257(4):815-820. Epub 2019 Mar 2.

Department of Ophthalmology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan.

Background: We evaluated a novel silver amplification immunochromatography test for rapid detection of adenovirus (AdV) antigen equipped with an automated reader system using tears including conjunctival exudate in patients with adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis.

Methods: Two kinds of immunochromatographic (IC) kits, a conventional IC kit for conjunctival scrapings (control kit) and an IC kit using tears including conjunctival exudate collected by pressing a filter paper strip on the conjunctiva (test kit), were tested on 90 patients who attended Migita Eye Clinic with suspected adenoviral conjunctivitis. The results of the test kits were automatically obtained by a specific reader, which was based on silver amplification immunochromatography system, in 15 min. Read More

J Med Virol 2019 Feb 28. Epub 2019 Feb 28.

Department of Cell Biology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.

The role of human adenovirus (HAdV) infection in different acute diseases, such as febrile exudative tonsillitis, conjunctivitis, and pharyngoconjunctival fever is well established. However, the relationships, if any, of HAdV persistence and reactivation in the development of the chronic adenotonsillar disease is not fully understood. The present paper reports a 3-year cross-sectional hospital-based study aimed at detecting and quantifying HAdV DNA and mRNA of the HAdV hexon gene in adenoid and palatine tonsil tissues and nasopharyngeal secretions (NPS) from patients with adenotonsillar hypertrophy or recurrent adenotonsillitis. Read More

Front Immunol 2019 12;10:134. Epub 2019 Feb 12.

Université de Toulouse, ENVT, INRA, UMR 1225, Toulouse, France.

The guanabenz derivative Sephin1 has recently been proposed to increase the levels of translation initiation factor 2 (eIF2α) phosphorylation by inhibiting dephosphorylation by the protein phosphatase 1-GADD34 (PPP1R15A) complex. As phosphorylation of eIF2α by protein kinase R (PKR) is a prominent cellular antiviral pathway, we evaluated the consequences of Sephin1 treatment on virus replication. Our results provide evidence that Sephin1 downregulates replication of human respiratory syncytial virus, measles virus, human adenovirus 5 virus, human enterovirus D68, human cytomegalovirus, and rabbit myxoma virus. Read More

J Med Virol 2019 Feb 22. Epub 2019 Feb 22.

Department of Clinical Microbiology, Dr Andrija Stampar Teaching Institute of Public Health, Zagreb, Croatia.

Aims: To investigate the viral etiology of acute respiratory infection (ARI) in hospitalized adults and elderly patients in Croatia, compare the prevalence of detected viruses, and to determine clinical characteristics and seasonal occurrence of investigated infections.

Methods: From January 2016 to June 2018, a total of 182 adult patients presented with symptoms of ARI and admitted to the hospital were tested for 15 respiratory viruses by multiplex reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Clinical data were collected by retrospective analysis of the patient's chart. Read More

Open Forum Infect Dis 2019 Feb 11;6(2):ofz017. Epub 2019 Jan 11.

Respiratory Viruses Branch, Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases.

Background: Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) are known causes of respiratory illness outbreaks in congregate settings, but cases and clusters are less well described from community settings in the United States. During December 2016-February 2017, the New Jersey Department of Health received reports of HAdV infections from 3 sources in 3 adjacent counties. We investigated to characterize the epidemiologic, laboratory, and clinical features of this HAdV outbreak. Read More

J Crit Care 2019 Feb 13;51:99-104. Epub 2019 Feb 13.

Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Friedbuehlstrasse 51, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Department of Infectious Diseases, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 10, 3010 Bern, Switzerland. Electronic address:

Severe pneumonia and ARDS caused by human adenovirus B21 infections (HAdV-B21) is a rare, but a devastating disease with rapid progression to multiorgan failure and death. However, only a few cases were reported so far. Infections appear associated with increased disease severity and higher mortality in infected critically ill patients. Read More

J Immunol 2019 Apr 22;202(8):2307-2319. Epub 2019 Feb 22.

Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, S138648 Singapore;

Suboptimal immune responses to pathogens contribute to chronic infections. One way to improve immune responses is to boost Ag presentation. In this study, we investigate the potential of the tripartite motif-containing 21 (TRIM21) pathway. Read More

J Infect Dis 2019 Feb 6. Epub 2019 Feb 6.

Respiratory Viruses Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.

A respiratory outbreak associated with adenovirus-7 (HAdV-7) occurred among unvaccinated officer candidates attending initial military training. Respiratory infections associated with HAdV-7 can be severe resulting in significant morbidity. Genomic sequencing revealed HAdV-7d, a genome type recently remerging in the US as a significant respiratory pathogen, following reports from Southeast Asia. Read More

Viruses 2019 Feb 13;11(2). Epub 2019 Feb 13.

School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong 518107, China.

Antigen-specific T lymphocytes play a critical role in controlling viral infections. However, we report here that preexisting virus-specific T cell responses also contribute to promoting adenovirus (Ad) infection. Previously, we found that CD14+ monocytes from Ad-seropositive individuals exhibited an increased susceptibility to Ad infection, when compared with that of Ad-seronegative individuals. Read More

PLoS One 2019 19;14(2):e0211079. Epub 2019 Feb 19.

Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel.

Respiratory viral infections constitute the majority of samples tested in the clinical virology laboratory during the winter season, and are mainly diagnosed using molecular assays, namely real-time PCR (qPCR). Therefore, a high-quality extraction process is critical for successful, reliable and sensitive qPCR results. Here we aimed to evaluate the performance of the newly launched eMAG compared to the fully automated MagNA PURE 96 (Roche, Germany) and to the semi-automated easyMAG (bioMerieux, France) extraction platforms. Read More

Clin Lab 2019 Jan;65(1)

Background: Human bocavirus (HBoV) is known to cause lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) in children and may result in substantial morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to determine HBoV prevalence among hospitalized infants and small children with acute LRTI in Zagreb, Croatia, as well as to evaluate HBoV DNA quantity in samples in relation to the patients' age and co-infection with other respiratory viruses.

Methods: During winter season 2016/2017, a total of 295 children younger than three years of age who were admitted to hospitals with LRTI were tested for the presence of HBoV, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), adenovirus (ADV), parainfluenza virus (PIV) types 1 to 3, and human metapneumovirus (HMPV). Read More

Nat Commun 2019 02 14;10(1):741. Epub 2019 Feb 14.

Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK.

Adenovirus based vectors are of increasing importance for wide ranging therapeutic applications. As vaccines, vectors derived from human adenovirus species D serotypes 26 and 48 (HAdV-D26/48) are demonstrating promising efficacy as protective platforms against infectious diseases. Significant clinical progress has been made, yet definitive studies underpinning mechanisms of entry, infection, and receptor usage are currently lacking. Read More

BMJ 2019 Feb 13;364:l231. Epub 2019 Feb 13.

Department of Pediatrics, Østfold Hospital Trust, Grålum, Norway.

Objective: To determine whether infection with human enterovirus or adenovirus, both common intestinal viruses, predicts development of coeliac disease.

Design: Case-control study nested within Norwegian birth cohort recruited between 2001 and 2007 and followed to September 2016.

Setting: Norwegian population. Read More

Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2019 Jan 17. Epub 2019 Jan 17.

Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Viale A. Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy.

Acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in children. The viral etiology of ARTIs was investigated over 3 years (October 2012-September 2015) in 2575 children in Parma, Italy, using indirect immunofluorescent staining of respiratory samples for viral antigens, cell culture, and molecular assays. Respiratory viruses were detected in 1299 cases (50. Read More

Viruses 2019 Feb 8;11(2). Epub 2019 Feb 8.

Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada.

Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites that alter many cellular processes to create an environment optimal for viral replication. Reprogramming of cellular metabolism is an important, yet underappreciated feature of many viral infections, as this ensures that the energy and substrates required for viral replication are available in abundance. Human adenovirus (HAdV), which is the focus of this review, is a small DNA tumor virus that reprograms cellular metabolism in a variety of ways. Read More

Arch Virol 2019 Apr 10;164(4):1015-1025. Epub 2019 Feb 10.

Instituto Pasteur, Secretaria da Saúde do Governo do estado de São Paulo, Avenida Paulista, 393, Bairro Cerqueira César, São Paulo, São Paulo, 01311-000, Brazil.

Bats play a significant role in maintaining their ecosystems through pollination, dispersal of seeds, and control of insect populations, but they are also known to host many microorganisms and have been described as natural reservoirs for viruses with zoonotic potential. The diversity of viruses in these animals remains largely unknown, however, because studies are limited by species, location, virus target, or sample type. Therefore, the aim of this study was to detect fragments of viral genomes in bat samples. Read More

Biomedicines 2019 Feb 2;7(1). Epub 2019 Feb 2.

Department of Medicine, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA.

We would like to thank Dr. Atkinson for his comments on our review article on the manifestations of adenoviral infections in humans. [. Read More

Sci Rep 2019 Jan 30;9(1):929. Epub 2019 Jan 30.

Department of Laboratory Medicine, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.

Numerous viruses can cause upper respiratory tract infections. They often precede serious lower respiratory tract infections. Each virus has a seasonal pattern, with peaks in activity in different seasons. Read More

Bone Marrow Transplant 2019 Jan 29. Epub 2019 Jan 29.

Division of Hematology/Oncology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.

Limited data exist on characteristics of central nervous system viruses (CNS-V) in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HCT) recipients. Between 2007 and 2015, the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research (CIBMTR) received information on 27,532 patients undergoing HCT. Of these, centers reported 165 HCT recipients with CNS-V detected in cerebrospinal fluid within 6 months after HCT. Read More

Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2019 Apr 29;38(4):793-800. Epub 2019 Jan 29.

Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Ilwon-ro 81, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

Human adenovirus (HAdV) is a common pathogen causing respiratory infections with outbreaks reported in the military and community. However, little information is available on the shedding kinetics. We performed a prospective study of immunocompetent adults confirmed with HAdV respiratory infection by multiplex real-time PCR during an outbreak of HAdV-55. Read More

J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2019 Jan 25. Epub 2019 Jan 25.

Pediatric Infection.

Background: Acute viral respiratory infections are common causes of febrile episodes in children. There are still limited data about distribution of acute viral respiratory infections in children with cancer.

Objective: The first aim of this study was to evaluate the viral etiology and seasonality of acute viral respiratory infection in pediatric patients with cancer in a 3-year study. Read More

Antiviral Res 2019 Mar 21;163:50-58. Epub 2019 Jan 21.

University College London, London, UK.

Background: Double-stranded (ds) DNA virus infections often occur concomitantly in immunocompromised patients. We performed a systematic search of published in vitro activity for nine approved and investigational antivirals to understand the spectrum of in vitro activity against dsDNA viruses.

Methods: A literature search was performed (PubMed and the WoS Core Collection) using keywords related to: 1) targeted approved/developmental antivirals (acyclovir, artesunate, brincidofovir, cidofovir, cyclopropavir (filociclovir), foscarnet, ganciclovir, letermovir, and maribavir); 2) pathogenic dsDNA viruses; 3) in vitro activity. Read More

Arch Virol 2019 Mar 21;164(3):775-786. Epub 2019 Jan 21.

Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colima, Avenue Universidad 333, Colonia Las Víboras, CP 28040, Colima, Mexico.

Adenovirus 5 (Ad-5) infection is a common cause of acute respiratory infections and the main vector used in gene therapy. There are few studies on the relationship of Ad-5 to obesity. In the present study, we evaluated the chronic effects of Ad-5 infection on golden (Syrian) hamsters fed either a balanced diet (BD) or a high-fat diet (HFD). Read More

BMC Infect Dis 2019 Jan 21;19(1):75. Epub 2019 Jan 21.

School of Medicine. Research and Innovation Centre of the Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Peru.

Background: Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) represent an important cause of morbidity and mortality in children, remaining a major public health concern, especially affecting children under 5 years old from low-income countries. Unfortunately, information regarding their epidemiology is still limited in Peru.

Methods: A secondary data analysis was performed from a previous cross-sectional study conducted in children with a probable diagnosis of Pertussis from January 2010 to July 2012. Read More

J Clin Virol 2019 Mar 11;112:1-9. Epub 2019 Jan 11.

Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Sapporo, Japan. Electronic address:

Adenoviral epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC) presents as severe conjunctival inflammations involving the cornea that can lead to the development of corneal opacities and blurred vision, which can persist for months. EKC is highly contagious and responsible for outbreaks worldwide, therefore accurate diagnosis and rapid containment are imperative. EKC is caused by a number of types within Human adenovirus species D (HAdV-D): 8, 37 and 64 (formerly known as 19a) and these types were considered the major causes of EKC for over fifty years. Read More

Int J Infect Dis 2019 Mar 9;80:66-72. Epub 2019 Jan 9.

Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Palermo, Italy.

Objectives: Enteric viruses are responsible for foodborne and waterborne infections affecting a large number of people. Data on food and water viral contamination in the south of Italy (Sicily) are scarce and fragmentary. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of viral contamination in food, water samples, and surface swabs collected in Sicily METHODS: The survey was conducted on 108 shellfish, 23 water samples (seawater, pipe water, and torrent water), 52 vegetables, one peach and 17 berries, 11 gastronomic preparations containing fish products and/or raw vegetables, and 28 surface swabs. Read More

Braz J Microbiol 2019 Jan 30;50(1):133-137. Epub 2018 Nov 30.

Medicine Department, Clinical Virology Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Unit, Sao Paulo Federal University, Rua Pedro de Toledo, 781, 15 andar, Sao Paulo, Brazil.

In 2007, the new polyomaviruses WUPyV and KIPyV were identified in patients with acute respiratory infections. The aim of this study was to investigate these viruses in hospitalized patients with severe acute respiratory infection (SARI). A retrospective study was conducted with 251 patients, from April 2009 to November 2010, using nasopharyngeal aspirates, naso- and oropharyngeal swab samples from hospitalized patients (children < 12 years and adults) who had SARI within 7 days of the onset of symptoms, including fever (> 38. Read More

Indian J Pediatr 2019 Jan 14. Epub 2019 Jan 14.

Department of Pediatrics, T.N. Medical College & B.Y.L. Nair Hospital, Mumbai, India.

Objective: To determine the frequency of respiratory pathogens in infants diagnosed with acute lower respiratory tract infections.

Methods: A prospective cross-sectional observational study was conducted in infants hospitalized with a diagnosis of acute lower respiratory tract infection (ALRTI), in a tertiary care hospital in a metropolitan city of Western India. Nasopharyngeal swabs were analyzed by multiplex real time polymerase chain reaction, for 18 viruses and 3 bacteria (H. Read More

J Med Virol 2019 Jun 28;91(6):1022-1029. Epub 2019 Jan 28.

Virology Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, Hospital de Clinicas, Universidade Federal do Parana, Curitiba, Brazil.

Acute gastroenteritis (AGE) remains a global public health concern and Nigeria is one of the two countries accounting for 42% of global under-5 deaths attributable to gastroenteritis. This study aimed to determine the prevalence, seasonality, and risk factors of enteric viruses (EVs) in children with AGE in Ogun State, Nigeria. Stool samples collected from children under-5 from three different hospitals between February 2015 and April 2017 were analyzed using molecular methods for the presence of four EVs (group A rotavirus [RVA], norovirus [NoV], human astrovirus [HAstV], and human adenovirus [HAdV]). Read More

Pediatr Int 2019 Jan 10;61(1):99-101. Epub 2019 Jan 10.

Department of Pediatrics, Sakura Medical Center, Toho University, Chiba, Japan.

Arch Virol 2019 Mar 10;164(3):747-755. Epub 2019 Jan 10.

Pathogen Discovery Laboratory and Biology of Infection Unit, Inserm U1117, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75015, Paris, France.

A variety of viruses can cause acute flaccid paralysis (AFP). However, the causative agent, sometimes, remains undetermined. Metagenomics helps in identifying viruses not diagnosed by conventional methods. Read More