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J Psychosom Res 2022 Jun 17;160:110973. Epub 2022 Jun 17.

Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China. Electronic address:

Objective: This study was conducted to examine the relationship among type D personality, acute ischemic stroke (AIS), and white matter hyperintensity (WMH).

Methods: In a cross-sectional study conducted between September 2020 and June 2021, 235 patients aged 50-85 years with first-ever ischemic cerebrovascular disease, including 146 males and 89 females, were enrolled. All participants underwent the Type D Scale-14 test containing negative affectivity (NA) and social inhibition (SI) subscales. Read More

Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2022 Jun 24. Epub 2022 Jun 24.

Department of Psychology, Personality Psychology and Assessment, University of Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany.

Background: Hyperconsolidation of aversive associations and poor extinction learning have been hypothesized to be crucial in the acquisition of pathological fear. Previous animal and human research points to the potential role of the catecholaminergic system, particularly noradrenaline and dopamine, in acquiring emotional memories. Here, we investigated in a between-subjects design with three groups whether the noradrenergic alpha-2 adrenoreceptor antagonist yohimbine and the dopaminergic D2-receptor antagonist sulpiride modulate long-term fear conditioning and extinction in humans. Read More

Nutr Hosp 2022 Jun 22. Epub 2022 Jun 22.

Departamento de Biomedicina, Biotecnología y Salud Pública. Facultad de Enfermería y Fisioterapia. Universidad de Cádiz.

Background: Eating disorders are a group of conditions in which negative beliefs about food, body shape, and body weight together with behaviors such as restricted food intake, binge eating, excessive exercise, self-induced vomiting, and use of laxatives. They can become serious, affect quality of life, and lead to multiple physical and even psychiatric complications with a fatal outcome. The purpose of this chapter is to describe the characteristics, epidemiology, and trends of eating disorders with updated information based on the most recent publications. Read More

Focus (Am Psychiatr Publ) 2021 Oct 5;19(4):451-454. Epub 2021 Nov 5.

Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.

Psychol Psychother 2022 Jun 23. Epub 2022 Jun 23.

Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential moderator role of poor mentalization in the association between borderline personality disorder (BPD) traits and somatization, specifically focusing on the polarities of self- and other-mentalizing.

Design: This is a cross-sectional, general population study evaluating adolescents (n = 162, 61.3% female; ages 12-18, M = 14. Read More

J Pers Med 2022 Jun 1;12(6). Epub 2022 Jun 1.

Parkinson Disease and Movement Disorders Centre, Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9, Canada.

Integrated care models may help in designing care for Parkinson's disease (PD) that is more efficient and patient-centered. However, in order to implement such models successfully, it is important to design these models around patients' needs and preferences. Personality traits and coping styles play a well-studied important role in patients' disease perception and their utilization of medical and social services to cope with their disease. Read More

J Clin Med 2022 Jun 16;11(12). Epub 2022 Jun 16.

Departamento de Psicología Clínica y Experimental, University of Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain.

Background: Personality disorders show strong comorbidities with alcohol-use disorder (AUD), and several personality traits have been found to be more frequent in people with AUD. This study analyzes which personality facets of those proposed in the Alternative Model of Personality Disorder (AMPD) of DSM-5 are associated with the diagnostic criteria of AUD.

Methods: The sample was composed of 742 participants randomly selected from the Spanish population, and 243 patients attending mental health services. Read More

Biology (Basel) 2022 Jun 5;11(6). Epub 2022 Jun 5.

Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6719851115, Iran.

There is consistent evidence that prenatal exposures to higher testosterone and lower estrogen concentrations during the first trimester of embryonal and fetal development are associated with a lower 2D:4D-ratio, which is to say: The index finger (2D) is shorter, compared to the ring finger (4D). Compared to non-active, athletes show lower 2D:4D ratios. However, athletes also report specific personality traits such as mental toughness, assertiveness, and competitive behavior. Read More

Postgrad Med J 2022 Jun 23. Epub 2022 Jun 23.

NIHR Health Protection Unit for Emerging and Zoonotic Infection, Liverpool, UK

Encephalitis describes inflammation of the brain parenchyma, typically caused by either an infectious agent or through an autoimmune process which may be postinfectious, paraneoplastic or idiopathic. Patients can present with a combination of fever, alterations in behaviour, personality, cognition and consciousness. They may also exhibit focal neurological deficits, seizures, movement disorders and/or autonomic instability. Read More

Personal Disord 2022 Jun 23. Epub 2022 Jun 23.

Department of Psychological Sciences.

Tests of statistical interactions (or tests of moderation effects) in personality disorder research are a common way for researchers to examine nuanced hypotheses relevant to personality pathology. However, the nature of statistical interactions makes them difficult to reliably detect in many research scenarios. The present study used a flexible, simulation-based approach to estimate statistical power to detect trait-by-trait interactions common to psychopathy research using the Triarchic model of Psychopathy and the Psychopathic Personality Inventory. Read More

Personal Disord 2022 Jun 23. Epub 2022 Jun 23.

Psychiatry Department.

The inclusion of the borderline pattern in the dimensional classification of personality disorders (PDs) has caused controversy. Unease about leaving out these clinically challenging patients seems to conflict with the need of an evidence-based and credible diagnostic system. However, the accommodation of borderline within the new diagnostic system has not yet been studied in depth. Read More

Psychol Trauma 2022 Jun 23. Epub 2022 Jun 23.

Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health.

Objective: Parental separation and parental death during childhood are common but understudied forms of adverse childhood events (ACEs), thus little is known about the impact on psychological functioning in adulthood. We examined whether parental death and parental separation during childhood was associated with risk of diagnostic criteria for depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), or personality disorders during adulthood. Second, we compared parental separation and parental death and psychopathology across African Americans ( = 499) and Whites ( = 782). Read More

Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2022 Jun 23. Epub 2022 Jun 23.

Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK.

Purpose: The COVID-19 pandemic may have exacerbated ethnic health inequalities, particularly in people with multiple long-term health conditions, the interplay with mental health is unclear. This study investigates the impact of the pandemic on the association of ethnicity and multimorbidity with mortality/service use among adults, in people living with severe mental illnesses (SMI).

Methods: This study will utilise secondary mental healthcare records via the Clinical Record Interactive Search (CRIS) and nationally representative primary care records through the Clinical Practice Interactive Research Database (CPRD). Read More

Bioengineering (Basel) 2022 Jun 12;9(6). Epub 2022 Jun 12.

Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy.

The human sense of smell is important for many vital functions, but with the current state of the art, there is a lack of objective and non-invasive methods for smell disorder diagnostics. In recent years, increasing attention is being paid to olfactory event-related potentials (OERPs) of the brain, as a viable tool for the objective assessment of olfactory dysfunctions. The aim of this review is to describe the main features of OERPs signals, the most widely used recording and processing techniques, and the scientific progress and relevance in the use of OERPs in many important application fields. Read More

BMJ Open 2022 Jun 22;12(6):e054485. Epub 2022 Jun 22.

Department of Developmental Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.

Introduction: We propose that a dimensional, multilayered perspective is well suited to study maladaptive personality development in youth. Such a perspective can help understand pathways to personality pathology and contribute to its early detection. The research project 'APOLO' (a Dutch language acronym for Adolescents and their Personality Development: a Longitudinal Study) is designed based on McAdams' integrative three-layered model of personality development and assesses the interaction between dispositional traits, characteristic adaptations, the narrative identity and functioning. Read More

PLoS One 2022 22;17(6):e0268992. Epub 2022 Jun 22.

Else-Frenkel-Brunswik-Institute, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.

Machiavellianism, narcissism and psychopathy are socially aversive personality traits that are strongly linked to the propensity of violence. A central determinate of aggression and violence is parental rearing. Interestingly, while the origin of the development of Dark Triad is not yet entirely understood, next to genetic and environmental factors, literature points towards an influence of parenting styles to the development of dark traits. Read More

Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2022 Jun;26(11):3858-3871

Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, University and Health Sciences, Poznan, Poland.

Objective: The symptoms of the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) persist in the adult years of life in most cases. They appear in adults with accompanying psychosocial problems. Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) refers to signs and symptoms associated with pain of non-dental origin in the oro-facial region, functional and structural disruptions of the masticatory system, especially the temporomandibular joints (TMJs) and masticatory muscles. Read More

Turk Psikiyatri Derg 2022 ;33(2):143-145

Dear Editor, Next to focal neurological symptoms, epileptic seizures and head aches, brain tumors can less frequently bring about cognitive changes, slowed speech, difficulty sustaining mental functioning and psychiatric symptoms of personality changes and. loss of interest in daily activities, these symptoms may be evaluated as anxiety or depression. Depression is known to be a complication of brain tumours and may sometimes be seen after the presentation of neurological symptoms linked to brain tumours, and sometimes after tumor treatment (Oğuz et al. Read More

Turk Psikiyatri Derg 2022 ;33(2):118-132

Objective: To review and summarize data on the prevalence of overall personality disorder extracted from SCID-II (Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III Axis II Disorders) studies conducted in Turkey with samples consisting of mental health consumers, and also to elaborate on the level and sources of heterogeneity.

Method: MEDLINE, WOS, PsycINFO, ScienceDirect databases as well as the Turkish Psychiatric Database have been systematically searched. Relevant studies conducted with samples composed of psychiatric inpatients or outpatients receiving psychiatric treatment were included. Read More

Eur Psychiatry 2022 Jun 22:1-28. Epub 2022 Jun 22.

Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Research, University Psychiatric Clinics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.

Personal Ment Health 2022 Jun 21. Epub 2022 Jun 21.

PersonaCura, Clinical Center of Excellence for Personality Disorders and Autism in Older Adults, GGz Breburg, Tilburg, The Netherlands.

Systems Training for Emotional Predictability and Problem Solving (STEPPS) is a group treatment program for patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD). The program was intended to be highly accessible, both for patients and therapists. During STEPPS, patients are taught emotion regulation and behavior management skills. Read More

BMC Psychiatry 2022 Jun 21;22(1):412. Epub 2022 Jun 21.

Department of Biomedicine-Therapeutics and Pharmacology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.

Background: Impulsivity and substance use disorders (SUD) have been both associated with changes in dopaminergic processes. In this study, we intended to evaluate the dopaminergic function in imprisoned SUD offenders through the determination of s-COMT activity.

Methods: The study included 46 male individuals from a Portuguese penal institution. Read More

Neuropsychopharmacology 2022 Jun 21. Epub 2022 Jun 21.

Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.

The serotonergic classical psychedelics include compounds that primarily activate the brain's serotonin 2 A receptor (5-HT2AR), such as LSD, psilocybin, and DMT (ayahuasca). The acute effects of these compounds are well-known as are their ability to increase the emotional state both in healthy people and in those with neuropsychiatric disorders. In particular psilocybin, the psychoactive constituent in "magic mushrooms", has shown great potential for treatment of anxiety and depression. Read More

Braz J Psychiatry 2022 Jun 21. Epub 2022 Jun 21.

Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School and Executive Director, Harris County Psychiatric Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center (UTHealth), Houston, TX, United States.

Personal Disord 2022 Jun 20. Epub 2022 Jun 20.

Department of Psychiatry.

Cluster B personality disorders (PDs) share specific traits that can result in interpersonal conflict. As therapeutic working alliance has a strong relationship with improved outcomes, there is interest in understanding the relationship between PDs, working alliance, and clinical outcomes. This is especially compelling in inpatient populations, where symptoms are severe, and patients are working with a treatment team. Read More

Sci Rep 2022 Jun 17;12(1):10209. Epub 2022 Jun 17.

Graduate Institute of Counseling Psychology and Rehabilitation Counseling, National Kaohsiung Normal University, No. 116, Heping 1st Road, Kaohsiung, 802, Taiwan.

In the present paper, we report two studies examining the relationships among renunciation of desires, death anxiety, and mental health. In the first study, we constructed the Desire Questionnaire (DQ), which measures success in renouncing certain desire. The DQ has satisfactory psychometric properties. Read More

Sci Rep 2022 Jun 20;12(1):10347. Epub 2022 Jun 20.

University Psychiatric Clinics Basel, University of Basel, Wilhelm Klein-Str. 27, 4012, Basel, Switzerland.

There has been little research exploring the relationship between personality traits, self-esteem, and stigmatizing attitudes toward those with mental disorders. Furthermore, the mechanisms through which the beholder's personality influence mental illness stigma have not been tested. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between Big Five personality traits, self-esteem, familiarity, being a healthcare professional, and stigmatization. Read More

Encephale 2022 Jun 17. Epub 2022 Jun 17.

Service SPANO, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland.

Objectives: Though relatively unexplored in clinical populations, aversive personality traits have been shown to impact the expression, the management, and the outcomes of psychotic disorders. This paper seeks to gather and organize existing evidence of the complex interplay linking social ethics, personality and experiences of psychosis through the lens of the so-called Dark Triad personality model, comprising the three multidimensional constructs Machiavellianism, narcissism and psychopathy.

Methods: A semi-systematic review of major literature databases was conducted; search terms aimed at capturing each of the Dark Triad dimensions and their known relations with both clinical (with single-symptom approach) and non-clinical psychotic experiences. Read More