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Clin Podiatr Med Surg 2021 Jul;38(3):445-460

SSM Health DePaul Hospital, Foot and Ankle Surgery Residency, 12303 DePaul Drive Suite 701, St Louis, MO 63044, USA.

Peroneal tendon pathology is often an overlooked and underdiagnosed condition. It is often confused with chronic ankle instability. It is important when surgically managed to assess the condition of the tendons, muscle viability and strength, and associated cavovarus deformity. Read More

Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2021 May 24;29(5):1627-1634. Epub 2021 Jan 24.

Human Anatomy and Embryology Unit, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.

Purpose: The purpose of the present anatomical study was to define the exact morphology of the posterior fibulotalocalcaneal ligament complex (PFTCLC), both for a better orientation and understanding of the anatomy, especially during hindfoot endoscopy.

Methods: Twenty-three fresh frozen specimens were dissected in order to clarify the morphology of the PFTCLC.

Results: In all specimens, the ligament originated from the posteromedial border of the lateral malleolus between the posterior tibiofibular ligament (superior border) and the calcaneofibular ligament (CFL), (inferior border). Read More

BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2020 Nov 18;21(1):758. Epub 2020 Nov 18.

European SportsCare Network (ESN), Zentrum für Sportorthopädie, Borsigstrasse 2, 65205, Wiesbaden, Nordenstadt, Germany.

Background: Peroneal tendon injuries are one of the differential diagnoses in lateral ankle and rearfoot pain. While partial tears are not uncommon, peroneal tendon dislocation at the peroneal tubercle is very rare. Until now, only three papers have been published, presenting five cases of peroneus longus tendon dislocation over the peroneal tubercle. Read More

Foot Ankle Int 2021 Apr 16;42(4):448-457. Epub 2020 Nov 16.

Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.

Background: We hypothesized that peroneal tendons disorders are more commonly associated with anatomical variations, which could overcrowd the retrofibular groove.

Methods: This single-center retrospective case study covered 84 consecutive cases that had undergone peroneal tendoscopy. Peroneal tendoscopy was performed on 82 patients, predominantly female (3:1) with a median age of 46 years. Read More

Rinsho Shinkeigaku 2020 Nov 27;60(11):762-767. Epub 2020 Oct 27.

Department of Neurology, University of Fukui Hospital.

A 59-year-old man with past histories of bronchial asthma and chronic sinusitis underwent transanal resection of anorectal malignant melanoma with general anesthesia. On the third day after surgery, he presented with subacute weakness with right dominant hypoesthesia in the bilateral lower limbs. Tendon reflexes were diminished without pathological reflexes. Read More

PLoS One 2020 22;15(10):e0241141. Epub 2020 Oct 22.

Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

The transfibular approach is a common procedure for tibiotalar fusion. However, this technique has several concerns: inadequate stability to resist rotational and shearing forces, a fibula is suboptimal for bone grafting, and an onlay fibular graft that might prevent impacting and cause distraction. We present a modified transfibular technique using partial fibular resection and onlay bone graft, which may address these potential problems. Read More

Am J Sports Med 2020 12 19;48(14):3541-3548. Epub 2020 Oct 19.

Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.

Background: A description of the precise locations of ligamentous and myotendinous injury patterns of acute posterolateral corner (PLC) injuries and their associated osseous and neurovascular injuries is lacking in the literature.

Purpose: To characterize the ligamentous and myotendinous injury patterns and zones of injury that occur in acute PLC injuries and determine associated rates of peroneal nerve palsies and vascular injuries, as well as fracture and dislocation.

Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Read More

Appl Radiat Isot 2020 Dec 3;166:109324. Epub 2020 Aug 3.

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan; Department of Rehabilitation Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 7-10- 2 Tomogaoka, Suma-ku, Kobe, 654-0142, Japan.

Clear cell sarcoma of tendons and aponeuroses (CCS) is a rare, malignant tumor arising in lower extremities with no effective treatment other than wide surgical resection. Here described is a case of primary CCS in the peroneal tendon of the right foot of a 54-year-old woman enrolled to undergo BNCT. The tumor mass post-BNCT disappeared totally without damage to other normal tissue, demonstrating, for the first time, the potential efficacy of BNCT in complete local control of CCS. Read More

Foot Ankle Spec 2020 Aug 27:1938640020950897. Epub 2020 Aug 27.

Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopaedics, Division of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (CPM).

Background: Peroneal tendon pathology is common. Several factors have been implicated, including low-lying muscles and accessory tendons. Studies have reported on the presence and length measurements of these structures. Read More

Foot Ankle Surg 2021 Feb 20;27(2):231-234. Epub 2020 May 20.

Graduate Medical Education Department, Wellstar Atlanta Medical Center, United States.

Background: The purpose of our cadaveric study was to determine the proximity of nail insertion and interlocking mechanisms in the Phantom® Lapidus Intramedullary Nail System to neurologic and tendinous structures in the foot.

Methods: We used 10 fresh-frozen human lower-extremity specimen cadavers. For each specimen, the Nail System was inserted as described in the published technique guide. Read More

Arthrosc Tech 2020 Apr 27;9(4):e559-e563. Epub 2020 Mar 27.

Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, North District Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China.

Posterior ankle pain is a common foot and ankle problem faced by orthopaedic surgeons. It can have many causes, including posterior ankle joint pathologies (synovitis or osteochondral lesion), ankle impingement (posterior, posterolateral, or posteromedial), flexor hallucis longus pathologies, peroneal tendon problems, posterior tibial tendinopathy, Achilles tendon pathology, posterior subtalar tarsal coalition, or tarsal tunnel syndrome. Most of these pathologies can be managed effectively by an endoscopic approach. Read More

Clin Radiol 2020 08 20;75(8):642.e15-642.e23. Epub 2020 Apr 20.

Department of Diagnostic Radiology, McGill University Health Center, 1001 Decarie Blvd, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada.

Aim: To define the role of the T2-weighted axial oblique sequence for the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) assessment of peroneal tendon pathologies.

Materials And Methods: Two radiologists interpreted 180 ankle MRI examinations using standard sequences alone and then in combination with an axial oblique sequence. The readers indicated how likely a peroneal pathology was present using a five-level confidence scale. Read More

Clin Case Rep 2020 Mar 11;8(3):527-530. Epub 2020 Feb 11.

Clinic for Traumatology, Orthopedics and Hand Surgery Spital Laufenburg Laufenburg Switzerland.

Calcific tendinitis is a common pathology in the shoulder but is uncommon in the peroneus longus tendon, which is considered when patient presents with a palpable tenderness without signs of inflammation. Differential diagnosis is important, as the condition is often overlooked. Conservative treatment has proven successful, though surgery might be an alternative. Read More

Mil Med 2020 01;185(Suppl 1):420-422

Naval Medical Center San Diego, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to identify the location of the peroneal tendons in relationship to the fibular groove in an asymptomatic population of elite U.S. Military Service members. Read More

Arthroscopy 2020 06 13;36(6):1649-1654. Epub 2020 Feb 13.

Twin Cities Orthopedics, Edina, Minnesota, U.S.A.. Electronic address:

Purpose: To assess the most common presenting symptoms, clinical outcomes, and satisfaction after anatomic reconstruction of the proximal tibiofibular joint (PTFJ) with a free semitendinosus autograft.

Methods: Consecutive patients with minimum 2-year follow-up after isolated anatomic PTFJ reconstruction were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were evaluated with the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) score and Lysholm Knee Survey score along with a simple numeric patient satisfaction score (0-10, with 10 rated as perfect). Read More

Acta Med Okayama 2019 Dec;73(6):533-536

Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan.

The patient was a 40-year-old female who had been treated at our hospital for left peroneal tendonitis due to an ankle sprain 2 years earlier. She re-injured that ankle while dancing. The pain in the lateral left foot soon improved, but she had difficulty standing with the left foot in equinus. Read More

Clin Neurophysiol 2020 01 22;131(1):160-166. Epub 2019 Nov 22.

Departments of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.

Objective: When the compound muscle action potential (CMAP) is recorded in motor nerve conduction studies, the reference (E2) electrode can make a significant contribution to the CMAP. This study investigates the E2 recorded signal and its effect on CMAP measurements when E2 electrode is placed at different sites.

Methods: The CMAP was recorded using the active electrode on the muscle belly and 4 different E2 electrodes placed at distal and proximal sites. Read More

Orthop Clin North Am 2020 Jan;51(1):121-130

Foot and Ankle Surgery Division; The Orthopedic Institute of North Texas, PA, Baylor Frisco - Professional Building #1, 5575 Warren Parkway, #115, Frisco, TX 75034, USA; Orthopaedics, Texas A&M University HSC, College of Medicine. Electronic address:

Peroneal tendon pathology is becoming an increasingly recognized source of lateral-sided ankle pain. High clinical suspicion, along with judicious physical examination coupled with confirmatory advanced imaging modalities, are necessary to make an accurate diagnosis and aid in guiding treatment. Peroneal pathology encompasses several distinct conditions. Read More

Anat Cell Biol 2019 Sep 26;52(3):344-348. Epub 2019 Aug 26.

School of Health and Rehabilitations Sciences, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA.

This study describes five bilateral anatomical variations in the feet of a 97-year-old male cadaver. Following routine dissection, all variants were measured and documented. Three accessory tendons and two accessory ossicles were identified. Read More

J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 2021 Mar;111(2)

Background: A survey of pathology present in the subtalar joint by means of subtalar arthroscopy with anterolateral and middle portals has not been extensively explored in the literature. The focus of this study was to identify pathology in the subtalar joint with subtalar joint arthroscopy using this approach. We also compared these arthroscopic findings with those reported in the literature. Read More

Med Ultrason 2019 Aug;21(3):265-272

"Dr. Ion Stoia" Clinical Centre of Rheumatic Diseases (Bucharest).

Aim: To evaluate the frequency of tibiotalar and subtalar joints together with extensor, flexor and peroneal tendons inflammatory lesions in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients by using ultrasound (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Material And Methods: Fifty RA patients and 25 healthy subjects were prospectively included. All patients and controlsunderwent clinical examination (to screen for swollen and/or tender ankles) and ankle US and MRI (to screen for synovialhypertrophy - SH, tenosynovitis and power Doppler - PD signals). Read More

Indian J Plast Surg 2019 Jan 24;52(1):100-108. Epub 2019 May 24.

Institute for Craniofacial Aesthetic and Plastic Surgery, SRM Institute for Medical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

The common peroneal nerve is the most commonly injured nerve in the lower extremity. Peroneal nerve pathology results in loss of dorsiflexion at the tibiotalar joint, loss of eversion at the subtalar joint, and loss of extension of toes resulting in foot drop. The varied etiology of the problem is discussed. Read More

J Foot Ankle Surg 2019 Sep 24;58(5):969-973. Epub 2019 Jul 24.

Consultant, European SportsCare Network, Zentrum für Sportorthopädie, Wiesbaden-Nordenstadt, Germany; Orthopedic surgeon, European SportsCare Network, Zentrum für Sportorthopädie, Wiesbaden-Nordenstadt, Germany; Medical director, Lilium Klinik, Wiesbaden-Nordenstadt, Germany; Professor, Department for Sports and Sport Science, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg im Breisgau, Freiburg, Germany. Electronic address:

Peroneal tendon injuries at the peroneal tubercle are rare. No systematic research regarding this pathology is currently available. In this systematic literature review, the author evaluated the present knowledge about peroneal tendon lesions at the lateral calcaneal wall. Read More

Clin Rheumatol 2019 Oct 2;38(10):2891-2895. Epub 2019 Apr 2.

Clínica Reumatológica, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ospedale "Carlo Urbani", Via Aldo Moro 25, 60035, Jesi Ancona, Italy.

To describe the prevalence and distribution of clinical and ultrasound (US) pathological findings at ankle level and to compare them, in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study assessing patients diagnosed with RA according to the 2010 ACR criteria, who were recruited consecutively and independently of disease status or treatment and of the presence of pain at ankle level. Clinical and US findings were acquired by two independent rheumatologists. Read More

Arthrosc Tech 2019 Jan 3;8(1):e11-e16. Epub 2018 Dec 3.

Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand.

Tendoscopy of the peroneal tendon is a promising procedure for the treatment of peroneal tendon pathology and its disorders. This procedure is minimally invasive with less physical morbidity and early functional rehabilitation. The present report demonstrates the techniques of peroneal tendoscopic debridement and endoscopic groove deepening in the prone position to treat peroneal tenosynovitis and low-lying muscle belly of peroneus brevis with a shallow and flat surface of the retro-malleolar groove. Read More

Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2020 Jan 19;28(1):70-78. Epub 2019 Mar 19.

Laboratory of Arthroscopic and Surgical Anatomy, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics (Human Anatomy Unit), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.

Purpose: Tendon grafts are often utilized for reconstruction of the lateral ligaments unamenable to primary repair. However, tendon and ligaments have different biological roles. The anterior tibiofibular ligament's (ATiFL) distal fascicle may be resected without compromising the stability of the ankle joint. Read More

Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2020 Jan 7;28(1):79-85. Epub 2019 Feb 7.

Human Anatomy and Embryology Unit, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.

Purpose: To assess the effectiveness of cadaveric ankle arthroscopy courses in reducing iatrogenic injuries.

Methods: A total of 60 novice surgeons enrolled in a basic cadaveric ankle arthroscopy course were divided into two groups. Group A (n = 32) was lectured on portal placement and use of the arthroscope, whereas group B (n = 28) was in addition lectured on specific portal-related complications. Read More

Skeletal Radiol 2019 Aug 6;48(8):1221-1231. Epub 2019 Feb 6.

Department of Radiology, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.

Objective: To evaluate anatomical variations in the lateral ankle and their relationships with pathological conditions of the peroneal tendon on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in symptomatic patients.

Materials And Methods: Sixty-nine ankles MRIs of 60 adult patients with symptomatic ankles were included. The presence and sizes of peroneal tubercle and retrotrochlear eminence (RTE), the prevalence of peroneus quartus (PQ), os peroneum, and boomerang-shaped peroneus brevis (PB) tendon, the shape of the retromalleolar fibular groove (RMFG), and the location of the PB muscle-tendon junction were evaluated. Read More

Acta Biomed 2018 12 19;90(1-S):154-157. Epub 2018 Dec 19.

Orthopaedic and Traumatology Department, Hospital Santa Maria delle Croci, Ravenna, Italy.

Background: The annular ligament has a crucial role in the radial head stability and  it is critical to the proper functioning of the proximal  radio-capitellar joint. Its chronic injury may lead to radial head instability, elbow pain with decrease in motion and valgus deformity. Method: We present the case of a 53-year-old heavy laborer who reported a complex trauma of the right upper limb with a Floating Elbow Injury, associated to an open Monteggia fracture-dislocation. Read More