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J Periodontol 2018 Jun;89 Suppl 1:S74-S84

Division of Periodontology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan.

Periodontal health is defined by absence of clinically detectable inflammation. There is a biological level of immune surveillance that is consistent with clinical gingival health and homeostasis. Clinical gingival health may be found in a periodontium that is intact, i. Read More

J Clin Periodontol 2018 Jun;45 Suppl 20:S68-S77

Division of Periodontology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan.

Periodontal health is defined by absence of clinically detectable inflammation. There is a biological level of immune surveillance that is consistent with clinical gingival health and homeostasis. Clinical gingival health may be found in a periodontium that is intact, i. Read More

J Endod 2018 Jun 1. Epub 2018 Jun 1.

Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dental School, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. Electronic address:

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the cell viability and tissue reaction of NeoMTA Plus (NMP; Avalon Biomed Inc, Houston, TX) compared with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA; Angelus, Londrina, PR, Brazil) and Biodentine (BD; Septodont, Saint-Maur-de-Fossés, France).

Methods: Fibroblasts (3T3) were plated and exposed to 1% extract from the test material before and after setting. Cytotoxicity assessment was performed using the 3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazoyl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide and sulforhodamine B assays. Read More

J Coll Physicians Surg Pak 2018 Jun;28(6):S128-S129

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, NIMS Dental College, Jaipur, India.

Central Giant Cell Granuloma (CGCG) is a benign tumor of jaw. As compared to males, females are more commonly affected. Mandible is the common site of occurrence. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2018 May 30;2018. Epub 2018 May 30.

Augusta University Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, USA.

This is a case of a 20-year-old woman who presented with a left jaw mass which was resected and found to be a giant cell granuloma of the mandible. Her history and physical examination were suggestive for Noonan syndrome which was confirmed with genetic testing and the finding of a gene mutation which has rarely been associated with giant cell lesions of the jaw. Given her particular genetic mutation and the presence of a giant cell lesion, we present a case of Noonan-like/multiple giant cell lesion syndrome. Read More

Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2018 Jan-Feb;11(1):46-49. Epub 2017 Feb 1.

Postgraduate Student, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry Buddha Institute of Dental Sciences & Hospital, Patna, Bihar India.

A granuloma is a collection of epithelioid histiocytes that is often associated with multinucleated giant cells, and is considered widely to be a non-neoplastic lesion, although some lesions demonstrate aggressive behavior similar to that of a neoplasm. The diagnosis of giant cell granulomas (central and peripheral) is confirmed by histopathologic examination. Early detection and excision are important to minimize potential dentoalveolar complications. Read More

Biotech Histochem 2018 May 21:1-4. Epub 2018 May 21.

a Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology , St. Joseph Dental College , Eluru 534004 , Andhra Pradesh , India.

Toto bodies are eosinophilic structures that resemble the cells of the superficial cell layer of the oral epithelium. Toto bodies commonly are associated with inflammatory gingival and other mucosal lesions including pyogenic granuloma, irritational fibroma, epulis fissuratum, peripheral giant cell granuloma and inflammatory hyperplastic gingivitis. We evaluated staining characteristics of Toto bodies to establish their origin and to identify their significance in lesions. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2018 May 12;2018. Epub 2018 May 12.

Orthopedic Surgery, Hospital Universitari i Politecnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain.

The aim of this study is to describe a case of delayed granuloma formation associated with tendon necrosis in response to Ethibond confirmed by histopathological examination and to review and discuss the related literature. A 40-year-old woman underwent a patellar tendon repair with Krakow-like #5 Ethibond sutures. Four years after the repair, she noticed progressive soreness with knee extension and swelling. Read More

J Investig Clin Dent 2018 May 11:e12342. Epub 2018 May 11.

Department of Diagnostic Sciences and Oral Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, College of Dentistry, Memphis, TN, USA.

Reactive lesion formation around dental implants a complication that has been given much consideration. These lesions can lead to marginal bone loss, and consequently, implant failure. In the present systematic review, all reported reactive lesions associated with dental implants in the literature were assessed. Read More

J Oral Pathol Med 2018 May 11. Epub 2018 May 11.

Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.

Purpose: To review all available data published on central giant cell lesion (CGCL) of the jaws into a comprehensive analysis of its clinical/radiological features, with emphasis on the predictive factors associated with its recurrence.

Methods: An electronic search was undertaken in 5 databases (February/2018), looking for reporting cases of CGCLs.

Results: A total of 365 publications were included, comprising 2270 lesions. Read More

J Clin Pediatr Dent 2018 May 11. Epub 2018 May 11.

This case report discusses a modified technique for treatment of a central giant cell lesion (CGCL) in children, where a recontouring procedure is performed prior to the treatment with intra lesional corticosteroid. We discuss the advantages of this less invasive technique, specially considering the early age of the patient and its bone growth, as well as the conservative approach for lesions in those cases. The treatment of an 8-year-old female patient exhibiting CGCL in anterior region of mandible with bone expansion is described. Read More

J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2018 Jan-Apr;22(1):147

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Dental and Periodontal Research Centre, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

Background: Many studies have reported that macrophages and eosinophils are involved in the pathogenesis of several diseases. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study comparing macrophages and eosinophils in oral reactive lesions.

Aims: In this study, we aimed to determine the contribution of macrophages and eosinophils to the pathogenesis of oral reactive lesions and the relationships between these biomarkers and the diverse histopathologic features. Read More

Hum Pathol 2018 May 1. Epub 2018 May 1.

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH.

Xanthomas are histiocytic lesions of the skin, soft tissue and bone and are generally considered to be reactive in nature. When they arise in the bones of the jaw, they are referred to as central xanthomas. New evidence supports the hypothesis that central xanthomas are a separate and distinct entity from their extragnathic counterparts. Read More

Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2018 Apr 17. Epub 2018 Apr 17.

Department of Pathology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.

Introduction: Reactive hyperplastic lesions develop in response to a chronic injury simulating an exuberant tissue repair response. They represent some of the most common oral lesions including inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia, oral pyogenic granuloma, giant cell fibroma, peripheral ossifying fibroma, and peripheral giant cell lesions.

Objective: The incidence of those lesions was investigated in an oral pathology service, and the clinical characteristics, associated etiological factors, concordance between the clinical and histopathological diagnostic was determined. Read More

Spec Care Dentist 2018 May 30;38(3):163-171. Epub 2018 Mar 30.

Postgraduate Program, Dental College, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul-PUCRS.

Brown tumor of the jaws is a manifestation of hyperparathyroidism consisting of osteolytic lesions that show proliferation of multinucleated giant cells in the maxilla and/or mandible. Differential diagnosis of these lesions from local central giant-cell granuloma is mandatory for the correct treatment of the patient. Radiographic and histopathological exams of the jaw lesion are not sufficient to determine the diagnosis, which requires laboratory tests including serum levels of calcium, alkaline phosphatase, parathyroid hormone (PTH) and phosphate, and radiographic examination of other bones as well, such as hand-wrist, pelvis, and femur. Read More

J Oral Pathol Med 2018 May 10;47(5):454-459. Epub 2018 Apr 10.

Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.

Objective: To integrate the available data published on peripheral giant cell granuloma (PGCG) into a comprehensive analysis of its clinical/radiological features.

Materials And Methods: An electronic search was undertaken in January 2018 in 5 databases, looking for publications reporting cases of PGCGs. Probability of recurrence was calculated for some variables. Read More

Indian J Pathol Microbiol 2018 Jan-Mar;61(1):18-21

Department of Tumor Pathology, Istanbul University, Institute of Oncology, Istanbul, Turkey.

Aim: Peripheral giant cell granuloma (PGCG) and central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) of the jaws are benign proliferations of spindle-shaped mesenchymal cells and multinucleated giant cells. Despite the histopathologic similarities, they have markedly different clinical behavior. PGCG shows low recurrence rate whereas CGCG shows a variable clinical behavior ranging from nonaggressive lesions to aggressive lesions characterizing by pain, rapid growth, and high recurrence rate. Read More

Int J Surg Pathol 2018 Mar 1:1066896918761234. Epub 2018 Mar 1.

1 AP-HP, Bichat Hospital, Paris, France.

Pulse (hyaline ring) granuloma, a rare entity first described in lung and oral cavity, has been reported under various names before the identification of hyaline rings as fragments of pulses (the edible seeds of legumes). Similar lesions were thereafter described in extra-oral localizations, mainly the gastrointestinal tract, or localizations having potential communication with the gastrointestinal tract. Recently, 2 reports described "spiral bodies" surrounded by foreign body-type multinucleated giant cell reaction in pulse granulomas, corresponding to remnant plant vascular structures (helical xylem elements). Read More

Dermatol Online J 2017 Jul 15;23(7). Epub 2017 Jul 15.

Department of Dermatology, Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Portugal.

Annular elastolytic giant cell granuloma (AEGCG) is a rare granulomatous skin disease of undetermined cause, characterized by annular plaques with raised erythematous borders in sun-exposed skin. The typical histologic features are dermal infiltration by multinucleated giant cells, elastin degeneration, and elastophagocytosis. The authors describe a clinical case of AEGCG, which exhibited an excellent response to hydroxycloroquine. Read More

J Indian Soc Periodontol 2017 Jul-Aug;21(4):258-263

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology, SDM College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Dharwad, Karnataka, India.

Objective: This study reviews, analyzes, and compares the demographic data, histopathological features and discusses the treatment and prognosis of reactive lesions (RLs).

Materials And Methods: Retrospective study was performed on the departmental archives from July 2006 to July 2016 (total 5000 cases) comprising of 659 cases of RLs of the oral cavity. The recorded data included age, gender, size, site, duration, habits, etiology, histopathological diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. Read More

Indian J Dent Res 2018 Jan-Feb;29(1):61-66

Department of Community Dentistry, MIDSR Dental College, Latur, India.

Context: The reactive lesions are relatively common in the oral cavity because of the frequency with which the tissues are injured. They often result from a known stimulus or injury such as dental plaque, calculus, or foreign material.

Aims: : The aim of this study was to review the clinicopathologic features of reactive hyperplastic lesions (RHLs) of the oral cavity at MIDSR, Dental College and Hospital, Latur, Maharashtra, and to compare these data with those of previously reported studies. Read More

Annu Rev Immunol 2018 Apr 5;36:639-665. Epub 2018 Feb 5.

Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; email: ,

Granulomas are organized aggregates of macrophages, often with characteristic morphological changes, and other immune cells. These evolutionarily ancient structures form in response to persistent particulate stimuli-infectious or noninfectious-that individual macrophages cannot eradicate. Granulomas evolved as protective responses to destroy or sequester particles but are frequently pathological in the context of foreign bodies, infections, and inflammatory diseases. Read More

Rev Mal Respir 2018 Jan 12;35(1):74-77. Epub 2018 Feb 12.

Service de pneumologie de la cavale blanche, EA3878 (GETBO), La-Cavale-Blanche, CHRU de Brest, boulevard Tanguy-Prigent, 29200 Brest, France.

Introduction: Pulmonary alveolar echinococcosis is a rare but potentially severe condition.

Case Report: We report the case of a 50-year-old woman suffering from pulmonary alveolar echinococcosis who had had a renal transplant for polycystic liver and kidney disease. A lung opacity was identified radiologically in May 2013. Read More

J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2017 Sep-Dec;21(3):382-386

Department of Periodontics, Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Pt. B.D. Sharma University of Health Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India.

Background And Objective: Reactive proliferations of oral cavity comprise pyogenic granuloma (PG), fibrous hyperplasia (FH), peripheral ossifying fibroma (POF), and peripheral giant-cell granuloma (PGCG). They often pose diagnostic challenges due to their overlapping clinical and histopathological features. This study was conducted to determine the frequency and clinicopathological correlation of reactive hyperplastic lesions in the oral cavity reported in our institute and compared it with other previous studies. Read More

J Indian Soc Periodontol 2017 Jan-Feb;21(1):76-79

Department of Periodontology, Swargiya Dadasaheb Kalmegh Smruti Dental College and Hospital, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.

The aim of the present study was to assess the clinico-histopathological picture and to examine the recurrence of various localized hyperplastic gingival growths after their surgical treatment. Twenty patients of localized hyperplastic gingival outgrowth were evaluated in the present clinico-histopathological study. The data regarding age, sex, location, size, and duration of lesion were summarized. Read More

Clin Pract 2018 Jan 8;8(1):1023. Epub 2018 Jan 8.

Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

An Bras Dermatol 2017 Nov-Dec;92(6):851-853

Department of Dermatology, Santarém Hospital, Santarém, Portugal.

Lupus miliaris disseminatus faciei is a rare inflammatory dermatosis of unknown etiology that primarily affects young adults. Clinically, it is characterized by an asymptomatic papular eruption mainly involving the central face, typically on and around the eyelids. Characteristic histopathological features include dermal epithelioid cell granulomas with central necrosis and surrounding lymphocytic infiltrate with multinucleate giant cells. Read More

Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2017 Dec 27. Epub 2017 Dec 27.

Oral and Maxillofacial Disease Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Science, School of Dentistry, Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology, Zahedan, Iran. Electronic address:

Introduction: Oral peripheral and central giant cell granulomas are lesions with little-known etiology and pathogenesis.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare matrix metalloproteinases-2 and osteopontin protein expression in the multinucleated giant cells and mononuclear cells of the peripheral and central giant cell granuloma lesions.

Methods: In this retrospective study, the presence of matrix metalloproteinases-2 and osteopontin in 37 cases of central giant cell granuloma and 37 cases of peripheral giant cell granuloma paraffin blocks were assessed by streptavidin-biotin immunohistochemistry. Read More

Indian J Med Paediatr Oncol 2017 Oct-Dec;38(4):440-446

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Subharti Dental College and Hospital, Swami Vivekanand Subharti University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Introduction: Giant cell lesions (GCG) are a group of varied lesions that contain a multitude of multinucleated, osteoclast like giant cells within connective tissue stroma. These include giant cell granulomas which may be central (CGCG), if they lie within the jaw bone, or, peripheral (PGCG) if they lie within the soft tissue. Giant cell granulomas comprised 9. Read More

Contemp Clin Dent 2017 Oct-Dec;8(4):667-671

Department of Periodontics, Guru Nanak Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.

Localized gingival overgrowths are commonly encountered in our day-to-day clinical practice and often present a diagnostic dilemma to the clinicians. These lesions vary depending on the location, site, extent, histology, and/or etiopathology. Although most of the localized gingival enlargements represent the reactive lesion to plaque accumulation, the differential diagnosis ranges from peripheral fibroma to pyogenic granuloma to peripheral fibroma with ossification and/or calcification, peripheral giant cell granuloma, etc. Read More

J Craniofac Surg 2018 Mar;29(2):e196-e199

Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, "Aldo Moro" University of Bari, Bari, Italy.

Peripheral giant cell granuloma (PGCG) is a nonneoplastic lesion of the oral mucosa arising on the buccal or lingual attached gingiva or alveolar mucosa and the crest of the edentulous alveolar ridge and contains numerous giant cells. This case series describes 3 cases regarding the clinical and surgical management of PGCG associated with dental implants.

Materials And Methods: This case series presents 3 patients, mean age 36 years, who showed a pedunculated painless lesion associated with dental implants that radiographically appeared as an osseous rarefaction corresponding the implants. Read More

Respir Med Case Rep 2018 8;23:60-62. Epub 2017 Dec 8.

Division of Medical Oncology and Molecular Respirology, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan.

A 62-year old man was admitted to our hospital with a 2-week complaint of a dry cough, general fatigue, and dyspnea on effort. He has been an onion farmer for several years and developed these symptoms after cleaning up onion peels with air compressors. A chest roentgenogram and computed tomography showed a ground glass shadow in the bilateral upper lung field. Read More

Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2017 Dec 8;51(4):371-373. Epub 2016 Jun 8.

Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands.

A 22-year-old woman was diagnosed with intermediate risk stage II Hodgkin lymphoma and treated with three cycles of adriamycin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (ABVD) followed by involved-field radiation therapy. A complete metabolic remission was achieved after two cycles of ABVD, which was maintained until three years after completion of treatment. Follow-up FDG-PET/CT four years after completion of treatment, however, showed a new FDG-avid (Deauville score of 4) lesion in the right scapula, suggesting relapsed disease. Read More

Hum Pathol 2018 Jun 5;76:117-121. Epub 2017 Dec 5.

Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Electronic address:

Aneurysmal bone cysts (ABCs) mostly occur in the metaphysis of long bones. Primary paranasal ABCs are extremely rare, and most reported cases reveal typical histopathological features including cystic space with fibrous septa and hemorrhage. Solid-variant ABCs or solid ABCs lacking cyst formation may be histologically indistinguishable from giant cell reparative granulomas, giant cell tumor of bone, and brown tumor. Read More

N Z Vet J 2018 Mar 20;66(2):108-113. Epub 2017 Dec 20.

c Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences , Massey University , Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North , 4442 , New Zealand.

Case History: Mature, in-calf, non-lactating, Friesian or Friesian-cross cows were fed dicyandiamide (DCD) at daily doses of 0.15 g/kg (Group 1; n=31), 0.45 g/kg (Group 2; n=21) and 0. Read More

Exp Ther Med 2017 Nov 21;14(5):5093-5096. Epub 2017 Sep 21.

Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China.

The present study investigated the clinical characteristics and diagnosis of modern laryngeal tuberculosis (TB). A total of 61 patients that were pathologically diagnosed with laryngeal TB between 1998 and 2012 were retrospectively analyzed using laryngoscopy methods. The primary symptoms of laryngeal TB observed in the present study include hoarseness and sore throat, and in the majority of cases, laryngeal TB was not associated with pulmonary TB (ratio 41/61, 67. Read More

Iran J Med Sci 2017 Nov;42(6):603-606

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology, D Y Patil University School of Dentistry, Sector 7, Nerul, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.

Juvenile ossifying fibroma (JOF) is a rare, benign, locally aggressive entity of the extragnathic craniofacial bones with a high tendency towards recurrence. Two distinctive microscopic patterns of juvenile ossifying fibroma have been described: a trabecular juvenile ossifying fibroma (TrJOF) and a psammomatoid juvenile ossifying fibroma (PJOF). Psammomatoid variant is predominantly a craniofacial lesion and occurs rarely in the jaws. Read More

J Dent (Tehran) 2017 May;14(3):132-137

Epidemiologist, Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Objectives: The frequency of non-odontogenic lesions of the jawbones is lower than that of odontogenic lesions; however, study of the epidemiologic data of these lesions is required for health care programs. This study aimed to assess the relative frequency and demographic profile of non-odontogenic jaw lesions in an Iranian population over a 30-year period.

Materials And Methods: This archive review was performed using demographic and biopsy information of all patients with non-odontogenic lesions of the jawbones submitted to the Oral Pathology Department of Dental School of Tehran University of Medical Sciences from 1984 to 2014. Read More

Radiol Clin North Am 2018 Jan 19;56(1):91-104. Epub 2017 Oct 19.

Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.

Fibroosseous lesions in the jaws have similar histologic and radiographic features. Despite their similarity, management varies significantly. In this article, common fibroosseous lesions and key radiographic features are described. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2017 Oct 23;2017. Epub 2017 Oct 23.

Department of Histopathology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.

Hyperparathyroidism (HPT) is becoming increasingly common endocrinopathy in clinical practice. Nowadays, it is mostly diagnosed in subclinical or early clinical stage. Bony involvement in HPT has seen significant fall in incidence. Read More

J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2018 Apr 21;76(4):775-784. Epub 2017 Sep 21.

Resident, Department of Craniomaxillofacial and Oral Surgery, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.

Purpose: Giant cell granuloma (GCG) of the jaw is a rare disease with high morbidity. Various treatment options have been discussed in the past. Since 2010, a pharmaceutical therapy with denosumab seems to have been successful for giant cell tumors of the femur. Read More

Case Rep Dermatol 2017 Sep-Dec;9(3):158-163. Epub 2017 Sep 11.

Department of Dermatology, Asahikawa City Hospital, Asahikawa, Japan.

Anti-tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) biologic agents are used for treating refractory sarcoidosis. However, sarcoidosis-like epithelioid cell granulomas may develop during anti-TNF-α treatment. A 63-year-old man suffering from rheumatoid arthritis was treated with oral methotrexate and methylprednisolone for 4 years. Read More

Imaging Sci Dent 2017 Sep 21;47(3):209-213. Epub 2017 Sep 21.

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, The Nippon Dental University Niigata Hospital, Niigata, Japan.

Central giant cell lesions are rare, benign, osteolytic, pseudocystic, solitary, localized lesions that are common in the skeletal structure, but less so in the maxillofacial region. Furthermore, to perform panoramic radiography and cone-beam computed tomography, it is necessary to prepare patients properly and to position their heads carefully. However, this can be difficult in pediatric patients, who may be anxious. Read More

J Contemp Dent Pract 2017 Oct 1;18(10):981-985. Epub 2017 Oct 1.

Department of Periodontology, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, School of Dental Medicine, Bradenton, Florida, USA, Phone: +9414051506, e-mail:

Introduction: The aim of this study is to describe a case of a melanotic macule found in conjunction with a giant cell fibroma (GCF). For oral pigmented lesions without an identifiable etiologic factor, critical factors in determining the differential diagnosis are clinical history, symmetry, and uniformity of the lesions. Potential differential diagnosis includes racial pigmentation, endocrine disturbance, Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, trauma, hemochromatosis, oral malignant melanoma, or idiopathic etiology and melanotic macules. Read More

Am J Case Rep 2017 Oct 5;18:1066-1072. Epub 2017 Oct 5.

Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Nephrology and Hypertensiology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland.

BACKGROUND Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XP) is an extremely rare, severe, atypical form of chronic renal parenchymal inflammation accompanied by hydronephrosis and/or urolithiasis. The pathomechanism of XP is not yet fully understood. Microscopically, XP is indicated by the presence of multinucleated giant cells and lipid-laden macrophages, as well as inflammatory infiltration and intensive renal fibrosis. Read More

J Coll Physicians Surg Pak 2017 Sep;27(9):S89-S91

Department of Pathology, Dow International Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Ojha Campus, Karachi.

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is the latest terminology for a disorder of reticulo-endothelial system, previously known as histiocytosis X, and marked by aberrant proliferation of bone marrow derived Langerhans cells with variable inflammatory infiltrate including neutrophils, lymphocytes, plasma cells, eosinophils, and multinucleated giant cells. Although rare, the disorder frequently inflicts children with peak incidence recorded in 2-4 years age group. LCH is rare in adults. Read More

Br J Dermatol 2017 09;177(3):e74

Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board, Ysbyty Gwynedd, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2PW, U.K.

J Pediatr Neurosci 2017 Apr-Jun;12(2):188-191

Department of Pathology, Immunohistochemistry, SRL Ranbaxy, Gurgaon, Haryana, India.

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is a rare tumor in the central nervous system (CNS), mostly being extracranial. Approximately 100 sporadic cases have been reported in the literature. The rarity of the tumor, its various histopathological characteristics, and its variable aggressive course render it difficult to diagnose and treat. Read More

Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am 2017 Nov;29(4):475-486

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Warren 1201, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA. Electronic address:

Several benign pathologic entities that are commonly encountered by the oral and maxillofacial surgeon remain controversial. From etiology to treatment, no consensus exists in the literature regarding the best treatment of benign lesions, such as the keratocystic odontogenic tumor, giant cell lesion, or ameloblastoma. Given the need for often-morbid treatment to prevent recurrence of these lesions, multiple less-invasive treatments exist in the literature for each entity with little agreement. Read More

Intern Med 2017 Oct 6;56(19):2633-2637. Epub 2017 Sep 6.

Department of Pulmonology, Osaka Red Cross Hospital, Japan.

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) has rarely been reported as a manifestation of giant cell arteritis (GCA). We herein report a unique case of GCA in a 76-year-old woman who presented with ILD as an initial manifestation of GCA. Ten years before admission, she had been diagnosed with granulomatous ILD of unknown etiology. Read More