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World J Clin Cases 2022 Apr;10(10):3268-3277

Department of Emergency, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Peking University, Beijing 100035, China.

Background: Emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN) is a severe acute necrotizing infection of the renal parenchyma and surrounding tissues that causes the presence of gas in the renal parenchyma, collecting system, or perinephric tissue and has a poor prognosis. EPN occurs primarily in people with diabetes mellitus (DM), but can occur in those without DM when the associated renoureteral unit is obstructed.

Case Summary: We describe our experience with six patients who developed EPN. Read More

Urologe A 2022 Apr 11. Epub 2022 Apr 11.

Urologische Klinik, Kliniken der Stadt Köln gGmbH, Neufelder Str. 32, 51067, Köln, Deutschland.

SAGE Open Med Case Rep 2022 4;10:2050313X221089484. Epub 2022 Apr 4.

Department of Surgery, District General Hospital, Chilaw, Sri Lanka.

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour arising from the kidney is a rare occurrence. In this case report, we present a rare case of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour arising from the kidney diagnosed after the presentation with a large retroperitoneal abscess for the first time in literature. A 55-year-old woman with diabetes mellitus presented to us with painful lump in the left lumbar region of the back for 1-week duration. Read More

Am J Med 2022 Apr 1. Epub 2022 Apr 1.

Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md.

Case Rep Infect Dis 2022 13;2022:4028085. Epub 2022 Jan 13.

Sinai Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Intra-abdominal abscesses mostly derive from the intra-abdominal viscera. spp. are Gram-negative rods which are known to cause oral infections but rarely have been documented to cause extra-intestinal infections resulting in abscesses. Read More

Case Rep Infect Dis 2021 5;2021:3115644. Epub 2021 Oct 5.

Department of Urology, Mohamed VI University Hospital Center, Mohamed I University, Oujda, Morocco.

We report the first case of a 52-year-old nondiabetic male admitted for management of uremic syndrome associated with emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN), renal and perinephric abscess, and emphysematous cystitis (EC) on a single functional kidney with a large abundance of spontaneous pneumomediastinum (SP) complicating a SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. The patient has benefited from several dialysis sessions, intravenous antibiotics, and percutaneous drainage. His clinical course was complicated by acute respiratory distress syndrome, and unfortunately, he died nine days following admission. Read More

Urol Case Rep 2021 Nov 13;39:101852. Epub 2021 Sep 13.

3rd Military Hospital, Laayoune, Morocco.

Renal and perinephric abscesses are rare but severe infections of urinary tract. It may have atypical causes and requires usually an emergency management. A young patient presented with right flank pain, fever and chills was diagnosed with a large renal abscess ruptured in perinephric space. Read More

Radiol Case Rep 2021 Nov 8;16(11):3470-3477. Epub 2021 Sep 8.

Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ospedale del Mare, ASL NA1 Centro, Naples, Italy.

Nephrobronchial fistula is an extremely rare complications of renal infections. We present a case of nephrobronchial fistula in a middle age immunocompetent woman who complained cough and weight loss, with underlying asymptomatic nephrolithiasis. She underwent a chest X-ray that showed left lower lobe infiltrate and abdominal ultrasound. Read More

Urol Ann 2021 Jul-Sep;13(3):277-281. Epub 2021 May 28.

Department of Urology, RG Kar Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.

Context: Developing countries.

Introduction: Emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN) is a urologic emergency characterized by acute necrotizing infection with the presence of gas in the kidney, perinephric space, and/or urinary collecting system.

Materials And Methods: It is a retrospective study of inpatients at the Department of Urology, RG Kar Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, which includes twenty patients diagnosed as EPN between September of 2018 and May of 2020. Read More

Radiol Case Rep 2021 Sep 16;16(9):2714-2718. Epub 2021 Jul 16.

Department of Radiology, Ospedale del Mare, ASL NA1 Centro, Naples, Italy.

Pleural empyema of extra pulmonary origin is uncommon and empyema secondary to a fistula between the urinary tract and thorax is extremely rare. We report a case of nephropleural fistula causing massive pleural empyema in a 64-year-old woman with a long history of urological problems, including nephrolitiasis and urinary tract infection. She was admitted with sepsis, fever, chills, tachypnea, productive cough and pyuria. Read More

Hinyokika Kiyo 2021 Apr;67(4):147-152

The Department of Urology, Muroran City General Hospital.

We report a rare case of necrotizing fasciitis in the thigh induced by emphysematous pyelonephritis due to a staghorn stone. A 60-year-old female was diagnosed with a staghorn stone in the right kidney at another clinic. We referred her to another hospital for indication of percutaneous nephrolithotripsy. Read More

Cureus 2021 Mar 21;13(3):e14027. Epub 2021 Mar 21.

Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, QAT.

This article describes the case of a 38-year-old male who presented to the ED with three days history of gradually progressing right-sided lower abdominal pain, which had increased in severity two hours prior to his ED visit. The patient was anorexic but denied experiencing any fever, urinary malfunctions, or chills. Blood tests showed an elevated serum creatinine level of 123 umol/L and a high C-reactive protein level of 62 mg/L. Read More

Transplant Proc 2021 May 26;53(4):1281-1283. Epub 2021 Mar 26.

Division of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal.

Fournier gangrene is a progressive necrotizing infection of the external genitalia or perineum that constitutes a urologic emergency. Incidence of Fournier gangrene is rising because of population aging, increasing comorbidities, and widespread use of immunosuppressive therapy, including immunosuppressive regimens used in kidney transplants. This is a rapidly progressive and potentially lethal disease without treatment, and early recognition of the disease, proper management of the predisposing factors, and aggressive surgical debridement are the most essential interventions. Read More

Medicina (Kaunas) 2021 Feb 9;57(2). Epub 2021 Feb 9.

Department of Pediatric Surgery, Traumatology and Urology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-572 Poznan, Poland.

Renal and perirenal abscesses are very rare in children. They can be present as an acute emergency condition or insidiously as a chronic disease. The diagnosis is not so obvious, and it is a big challenge, especially when it can simulate a kidney tumor. Read More

Medicina (Kaunas) 2021 Jan 1;57(1). Epub 2021 Jan 1.

Radiology department, Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura University, 35516 Mansoura, Egypt.

There are many acute and chronic infections affecting the urinary tract including bacterial, fungal and viral infections. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) can present in many different patterns with variable degrees of severity varying from asymptomatic and uncomplicated forms to life threatening complicated infections. Cross-sectional imaging techniques-including both computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-have become very important tools not only for evaluation of UTIs, but also for detection of associated complications. Read More

J Endourol 2021 07 12;35(7):967-972. Epub 2021 Mar 12.

Department of Urology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.

To present our large single-center experience in the management of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) with total ultrasound (US)-guided percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) and to evaluate the role of PNL under US in these patients. We retrospectively reviewed the charts of patients with ADPKD who underwent PNL from August 2011 to December 2019. A total of 56 patients were included in this study; all procedures were completed by the total US-guided technique. Read More

J Family Med Prim Care 2020 Sep 30;9(9):5062-5065. Epub 2020 Sep 30.

Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India.

Perinephric and renal abscess are very rare entities with insidious presentation and pose a great diagnostic challenge, common etiology being bacterial. Only less than 30 cases of fungal etiology have been reported in literature. Herein, we report first case of fungal perinephric abscess caused by in a young diabetic female who presented with right flank pain and vomiting. Read More

Indian J Ophthalmol 2020 Nov;68(11):2580-2582

Department of Ophthalmology, Lady Hardinge Medical College and Associated Hospitals, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India.

An 80-year-old lady with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes developed fever and abdominal pain followed by a sudden diminution of vision in her left eye. Right infra-renal abscess accounted for abdominal pain. A metastatic left subretinal abscess was diagnosed subsequently. Read More

Urol Case Rep 2020 Nov 18;33:101353. Epub 2020 Jul 18.

Senior Specialist, Urology Department, IMC Hospital Jeddah, 2172, Saudi Arabia.

Emphysematous Pyelonephritis is a rare necrotizing infection with gas production and a high overall mortality rate. An elderly diabetic male patient presented to our Emergency Department with septic shock and was found to have left perinephric emphysematous pyelonephritis with a large collection. He was managed with the proper antibiotic therapy, and two trials of percutaneous drainage of the collection with no significant reduction in the size of the abscess. Read More

Arch Ital Urol Androl 2020 Oct 1;92(3). Epub 2020 Oct 1.

Department of Maternal-Child and Urological Sciences, Sapienza Rome University, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, Rome.

A case is presented that demonstrates unusual long-term evolution of an infected calculi, culminating in the formation of a retroperitoneal abscess that fistulised to the pleural space, leading to a right pleural empyema. Read More

J Community Hosp Intern Med Perspect 2020 Mar 3;10(2):162-165. Epub 2020 Mar 3.

Internal Medicine Residency Program, Memorial Healthcare System, Hollywood, FL, USA.

 is a gram-positive bacillus in the female genital tract believed to be a commensal organism that inhibits the growth of more virulent pathogens.  is a gram-negative bacillus species also typically commensal in the female genital tract. as the primary causative agent in perinephric abscesses and bacteremia has been documented, albeit very uncommon and opportunistic. Read More

IDCases 2020 23;20:e00759. Epub 2020 Apr 23.

Department of General Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, United States.

We describe a rare case of methicillin-sensitive (MSSA) septicemia with metastatic spread leading to pulmonary septic emboli, sub-capsular perinephric renal abscess, prostatic abscess, and intramuscular calf and gluteal abscess in a 48-year-old male with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (Hemoglobin A1c of 15.2). The patient developed right lower extremity pain after a session of acupuncture followed by a three-week history of fevers, chills, abdominal pain, left flank pain, and urinary retention. Read More

Infect Disord Drug Targets 2021 ;21(3):445-451

Department of Microbiology, Government Medical College Hospital, Sector 32, Chandigarh, India.

Background: Nocardia species are important cause of infections in humans but are underreported due to missed diagnosis as well as misdiagnosis. Majority of the literature on these infections consists of case reports or series with few articles describing high number of cases.

Objective: To study the epidemiology of Nocardia infections in a tertiary care center. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2020 May 14;13(5). Epub 2020 May 14.

Department of Urology, Mater Hospital Brisbane, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.

We report a case of an immunosuppressed 67-year-old woman who presented with fever of unknown origin. Further investigation revealed multiple left renal and perinephric abscesses. These were managed with percutaneous drainage and broad-spectrum antibiotics; however, no clinical improvement resulted. Read More

Transpl Infect Dis 2020 Oct 7;22(5):e13308. Epub 2020 Jul 7.

Division of Infectious Diseases, Banner University Medical Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.

A 42-year-old man presented with nausea, malaise, and pain at his renal graft site 4 months following deceased donor renal transplant. His transplantation had been complicated by urinary leak with delayed wound closure requiring ureteral revision with biologic mesh placement. The initial evaluation in the hospital revealed urinalysis with significant pyuria as well as abdominal CT imaging concerning for abscess formation anterior to the grafted kidney. Read More

J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2020 May 24;30(3):318-324. Epub 2020 Feb 24.

Allegheny Veterinary Emergency Trauma & Specialty, Monroeville, PA.

Objective: To describe the clinical presentation and medical management of a cat with perinephric abscessation and urosepsis following urethral obstruction and catheterization.

Case Summary: A 2-year-old intact male domestic shorthaired cat presented to an emergency and referral center for lethargy, vomiting, and hematuria. Severe azotemia and hyperkalemia were observed on a serum biochemistry panel. Read More

BMC Infect Dis 2020 Jan 15;20(1):47. Epub 2020 Jan 15.

University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, 3330 Hospital Dr NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada.

Background: Ureaplasma urealyticum is a fastidious bacteria which lacks a cell wall. Extragenital infections are rare in immunocompetent adults. There are few literature reports of perinephric abscess. Read More

Oxf Med Case Reports 2019 Dec 31;2019(12):498-501. Epub 2019 Dec 31.

Department of Urology, Whipps Cross University Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, Whipps Cross Road, Leytonstone, London E11 1NR, UK.

We present a rare case detailing the investigations and subsequent treatment of a lady who presented with a reno-duodenal fistula and perinephric abscess as a complication of staghorn calculus and recurrent upper urinary tract infections. Treatment involved antibiotics, nephrostomy, endoscopic closure of the fistula tract with clips, radiological drain insertion and, ultimately, nephrectomy with primary omental patch closure of the duodenal defect. We discuss the incidence of fistula tract formation as a complication of staghorn calculi, as well as investigations and management strategies employed in the literature to treat such complications, which span from conservative treatment to nephrectomy and closure of the intestinal defect. Read More

Cureus 2019 Jun 24;11(6):e4988. Epub 2019 Jun 24.

Internal Medicine, John H. Stroger, Jr. Hospital of Cook County, Chicago, USA.

Perinephric abscess is a known complication of urologic infection, sometimes requiring surgical debridement. Extension into adjacent structures is rarely reported. We present a case of a woman with xanthogranulomatous emphysematous pyelonephritis accompanied by massive perinephric abscess, resulting in celiac and splenic artery mycotic aneurysms via direct invasion. Read More