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Clin Infect Dis 2018 Oct 12. Epub 2018 Oct 12.

Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.

Background: Pelvic inflammatory disease is common among women of reproductive age and can be complicated by tubo-ovarian abscess, which is a serious and potentially life-threatening disease. However, recent mortality rates from pelvic inflammatory disease on hospital admission and the short-term therapeutic usefulness of initial treatment for Chlamydia trachomatis remain unknown.

Methods: Using the Diagnosis Procedure Combination database, we identified patients who were diagnosed with pelvic inflammatory disease on admission from July 2010 to March 2016 in Japan. Read More

Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2018 08 9;73:e364. Epub 2018 Aug 9.

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Min-Sheng General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.

Objectives: Our purpose was to examine the associations of female genital infections and certain comorbidities with infertility.

Methods: The Taiwan National Health Research Database was searched for women with a new diagnosis of infertility between 2000 and 2013. Women without a diagnosis of infertility served as a control group and were matched with the infertility cases by age (±3 years) and index year. Read More

J Surg Case Rep 2018 Aug 6;2018(8):rjy191. Epub 2018 Aug 6.

Department of Surgery, BronxCare Hospital, Bronx, NY, USA.

Perforation of the gastrointestinal tract may present with abdominal pain and imaging demonstrating pneumoperitoneum. These findings usually require exploratory laparotomy for diagnosis and treatment. Tubo-ovarian abscess (TOA) is a complication of pelvic inflammatory disease presenting as an encapsulated inflammatory mass, but it can occasionally involve other pelvic organs. Read More

J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2018 Aug 11. Epub 2018 Aug 11.

Lis Maternity Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel (Drs. Fouks, Cohen, Solomon, Almog, Levin).

Study Objective: To identify the clinical characteristics associated with surgical intervention in patients with tubo-ovarian abscess (TOA).

Design: Retrospective cohort study (Canadian Task Force classification II-2).

Setting: Tertiary university-affiliated hospital. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2018 Jun 23;2018. Epub 2018 Jun 23.

Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Heart of England NHS Hospital Trust, Birmingham, UK.

A 26-year-old woman presented with a 5-day history of fever after returning from Bali. She denied sexual contact abroad. On examination, there was suprapubic tenderness and a widespread maculopapular rash. Read More

BMC Womens Health 2018 06 11;18(1):90. Epub 2018 Jun 11.

Department of Obstetric and Gynecology, Ospedale Regionale Bellinzona e Valli, 6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland.

Background: Pelvic inflammatory disease is an infection of the upper genital tract, including the uterus, ovaries, uterine tubes, and pelvic peritoneum. Tubo-ovarian abscess and pyosalpinx are common complications associated with pelvic inflammatory disease. They are usually encountered in sexually active women, but rare cases in Virgos have also been described. Read More

J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2019 Jan 8;26(1):162-168. Epub 2018 Jun 8.

Lis Maternity Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel. Electronic address:

Study Objective: To assess the clinical course and surgical and fertility outcomes of patients diagnosed with tubo-ovarian abscess (TOA) after fertility treatment.

Design: Parallel case series over 10 consecutive years (Canadian Task Force classification II-2).

Setting: Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, a tertiary university-affiliated hospital. Read More

Pediatr Emerg Care 2018 Jun;34(6):e100-e101

From the University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis, MN.

Tubo-ovarian abscess (TOA) in non-sexually active female adolescents is a rare presentation to the pediatric emergency department. In the following case, bilateral TOA secondary to Streptococcus constellatus was diagnosed in a 13-year-old virginal female. The patient was seen 4 months before presentation for interventional radiology-guided drainage and antibiotic treatment for an intra-abdominal abscess due to suspected appendiceal rupture. Read More

J Obstet Gynaecol 2018 Aug 9;38(6):818-821. Epub 2018 Mar 9.

a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Umraniye Training and Research Hospital , Istanbul , Turkey.

Tubo-ovarian abscess (TOA) coexists in 15% of cases with pelvic inflammatory disease. Medical treatment is the first line of approach in women with TOA, however, 25% of cases fail to respond to antibiotics, therefore, these cases need to undergo surgical intervention. We aimed to determine factors leading to failure of medical treatment in women diagnosed with TOA. Read More

Arch Gynecol Obstet 2018 May 24;297(5):1201-1204. Epub 2018 Feb 24.

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Barzilai Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of Negev, HaHistadrut Street 2, Ashkelon, Israel.

Purpose: Tubo-ovarian abscess (TOA) is a serious and potentially life-threatening complication of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). TOA formation may be an uncommon, but serious complication associated with the use of an intrauterine device (IUD). While the majority of TOA respond to antibiotic therapy, in approximately 25% of cases surgery or drainage is indicated. Read More

BMC Infect Dis 2018 02 8;18(1):73. Epub 2018 Feb 8.

Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, 270 Rama VI Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.

Background: Melioidosis, the disease caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei is endemic in the Northeastern part of Thailand, South-East Asia, and Northern Australia. The pelvic involvement of disease is rare even in an endemic area. Therefore, we describe in this report the clinical presentation, management, and outcome of the patient with primary tubo-ovarian abscess due to melioidosis. Read More

Int J Gynecol Pathol 2019 Mar;38(2):138-142

Department of Pathology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.

Seven cases of actinomycotic endometritis were identified among 28,906 endometrial biopsies performed in the last 10 yr. The patients' ages ranged from 44 to 85 yr old. An intrauterine device was in place from 7 to 44 yr. Read More

Emerg Radiol 2018 Jan 17. Epub 2018 Jan 17.

Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, 1959 Northeast Pacific Street, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.

This is the 47th installment of a series that will highlight one case per publication issue from the bank of cases available online as part of the American Society of Emergency Radiology (ASER) educational resources. Our goal is to generate more interest in and use of our online materials. To view more cases online, please visit the ASER Core Curriculum and Recommendations for Study online at: http://www. Read More

J Exp Ther Oncol 2017 Sep;11(2):81-83

Zekai Tahir Burak Women's Health Research and Education Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Division of Gynecological Endocrinology, Ankara, Turkey.

Objective: Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is an infection of the upper genital tract in women that can include endometritis, parametritis, salpingitis, oophoritis, tubo-ovarian abscess, and peritonitis. The spectrum of the disease ranges from subclinical and asymptomatic infection to severe, lifethreatening illness; squealae include chronic pelvic pain, ectopic pregnancy, and infertility. In this case we report an uncommon complication of pelvic inflammatory disease, a tubo-uterian fistula. Read More

J Investig Med High Impact Case Rep 2017 Jul-Sep;5(3):2324709617729690. Epub 2017 Sep 8.

Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL, USA.

In developed countries, tuberculosis remains a health care challenge due to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and immigration from endemic regions. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported 9557 new cases in 2015, with extrapulmonary involvement in 20.2% of the cases. Read More

Ceska Gynekol 2017 ;82(4):322-326

Objective: A case of tubo-ovarian abscess in a patient with term pregnancy.

Design: Case report.

Setting: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nemocnice s poliklinikou Karviná Ráj. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2017 Aug 20;2017. Epub 2017 Aug 20.

Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Patan Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal.

We report a case of a tubo-ovarian abscess infected with serotype A 19-year-old Nepalese woman presented to a hospital in Kathmandu with lower abdominal pain, constipation, fever and a non-healing, suppurative surgical wound from an emergency caesarian section performed 2 months previously at 37 weeks of pregnancy. She also had an exploratory laparotomy for an appendix perforation with peritonitis at 25 weeks of gestation. Her wound infection did not respond to cloxacillin and she had an exploratory laparotomy, and a tubo-ovarian abscess was found from which was isolated. Read More

Emerg Med Pract 2016 Dec 22;18(12 Suppl Points & Pearls):S1-S2. Epub 2016 Dec 22.

Department of Emergency Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.

Pelvic inflammatory disease is a common disease that is associated with significant complications including infertility, chronic pelvic pain, ruptured tubo-ovarian abscess, and ectopic pregnancy. The diagnosis may be delayed when the presentation has nonspecific signs and symptoms. Even when it is properly identified, pelvic inflammatory disease is often treated suboptimally. Read More

J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2017 Sep - Oct;24(6):1040-1045. Epub 2017 May 27.

Department of Gynecology and Oncology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland; Ludwin and Ludwin Gynecology, Krakow, Poland. Electronic address:

Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder that may involve any part of the gastrointestinal tract. Acute manifestations in female internal reproductive organs are rare and have been described in only a few cases. A 27-year-old nulligravida woman diagnosed with CD presented with pelvic pain, fever, and a palpable mass (confirmed by ultrasound) in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen. Read More

J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2017 Dec 15;30(6):646-648. Epub 2017 May 15.

Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; University of Ottawa, Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Newborn Care, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.

Background: We describe an unusual presentation of lichen sclerosus in a postmenarchal, virginal girl.

Case: A 14-year-old girl first presented with acute urinary retention due to labial agglutination and developed bilateral tubo-ovarian abscesses in 10 days of the conservative management period. Abscesses were treated with antibiotherapy and percutaneous drainage; simple division of the labial agglutination and vulvar biopsies were performed with a preliminary diagnosis of lichen sclerosus. Read More

Tijdschr Psychiatr 2017;59(4):234-237

A 38-year-old woman was referred to our hospital with pelvic inflammatory disease. She had been diagnosed as having a tubo-ovarian abscess, for which antibiotic therapy with metronidazole and levofloxacin was indicated. Because the patient was already taking lithium she was prescribed clindamycin instead of metronidazole, a drug that interacts with lithium. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2017 Apr 13;2017. Epub 2017 Apr 13.

Obstetrics and Gynaecology, St George Hospital, Kogarah, Australia.

Mil Med 2017 03;182(3):e1874-e1876

Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, San Antonio Military Medical Center, 3551 Roger Brook Drive, Joint Base San Antonio, Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234.

Background: The historic association of Actinomyces israelii infection with intrauterine devices (IUDs) has long been recognized. In recent years, the risk of developing pelvic inflammatory disease with a copper or levonorgestrel IUD has been less than 1% in women who are low risk for sexually transmitted infections. IUD-related pelvic infections secondary to actinomyces have largely vanished from contemporary practice. Read More

BMC Womens Health 2017 01 13;17(1). Epub 2017 Jan 13.

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hallym University Medical Center, 22 Gwanpyeong-ro 170beon-gil, Dongan-gu, Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 431-796, South Korea.

Background: Chlamydia infection in acute pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is associated with serious complications including ectopic pregnancy, tubal infertility, Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome and tubo-ovarian abscess (TOA). This study compared clinical and laboratory data between PID with and without chlamydia infection.

Methods: The medical records of 497 women who were admitted with PID between 2002 and 2011 were reviewed. Read More

Emerg Med Pract 2016 Dec 1;18(12):1-24. Epub 2016 Dec 1.

Assistant Professor, Associate Program Director, LAC + USC Department of Emergency Medicine, Los Angeles, CA.

Pelvic inflammatory disease is a common disease that is associated with significant complications including infertility, chronic pelvic pain, ruptured tubo-ovarian abscess, and ectopic pregnancy. The diagnosis may be delayed when the presentation has nonspecific signs and symptoms. Even when it is properly identified, pelvic inflammatory disease is often treated suboptimally. Read More

J Obstet Gynaecol 2017 Feb 18;37(2):228-232. Epub 2016 Oct 18.

a Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology , Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University , Bangkok , Thailand.

This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and the predictors of the adverse reproductive outcomes in patients who had been hospitalised with pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). The retrospective cohort study was conducted by contacting all the patients admitted with PID or tubo-ovarian abscess (TOA) during January 2004 and December 2011. Those who were sexually active and aged 14-40 years were included. Read More

Radiographics 2016 Sep-Oct;36(5):1579-96

From the Department of Diagnostic Radiology (M.V.R., M.M., H.B.D., M.S.) and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences (M.L.M.), Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St, PO Box 208042, Room TE-2, New Haven, CT 06520.

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is a common medical problem, with almost 1 million cases diagnosed annually. Historically, PID has been a clinical diagnosis supplemented with the findings from ultrasonography (US) or magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. However, the diagnosis of PID can be challenging because the clinical manifestations may mimic those of other pelvic and abdominal processes. Read More

Gynecol Obstet Invest 2017 3;82(3):262-266. Epub 2016 Sep 3.

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.

We aimed to investigate the clinical importance of serum procalcitonin (PCT) levels in the diagnosis of tubo-ovarian abscess (TOA). Patients diagnosed with pelvic inflammatory disease (PID; n = 36) and patients diagnosed with TOA (n = 42) were included in the study. Sociodemographic characteristics, laboratory and clinical parameters were compared between the 2 groups. Read More

Int J Womens Health 2016 22;8:325-40. Epub 2016 Jul 22.

Middlemore Hospital, Counties Manukau District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand.

Aim: The aim of this paper was to study the characteristics of patients presenting to Middlemore Hospital with tubo-ovarian abscess (TOA) and to compare the outcomes of conservative medical management versus medical management with surgical drainage and medical management with radiological drainage.

Methods: All patients admitted with a radiologically or surgically proven TOA between January 01, 2008 and December 31, 2010, were included and followed up until June 30, 2011. The total number of patient/index admission was 174. Read More

Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2016 Oct 17;135(1):77-81. Epub 2016 Jun 17.

Etlik Zubeyde Hanim Women's Health Training and Research Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ankara, Turkey.

Objective: To determine if the ultrasonographic morphology of a tubo-ovarian abscess (TOA) could be used to predict if a patient will require surgical treatment.

Method: A retrospective cohort study reviewed medical records from patients diagnosed with TOA via ultrasonography between January 2009 and January 2014 at a tertiary referral center in Turkey. Patients with pelvic inflammatory disease and an inflammatory adnexal mass, identified during sonographic examination, were included in the study. Read More

Fertil Steril 2016 08 10;106(2):410-5. Epub 2016 May 10.

Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Medicine, Université Paris Descartes, Paris Sorbonne Cité-Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, CHU Cochin, Paris, France. Electronic address:

Objective: To study possible associations among endometriosis, pelvic infectious disease, and ART.

Design: Retrospective cohort analysis over 4 consecutive years, based on medical records and insurance coding in a tertiary endometriosis reference center.

Setting: Tertiary university-based reference center for endometriosis. Read More

Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2016 Aug 19;134(2):121-5. Epub 2016 Apr 19.

Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital, Nancy, France.

Background: Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is commonly encountered in clinical practice.

Objectives: To provide up-to-date guidelines on management of PID.

Search Strategy: An initial search of the Cochrane database, PubMed, and Embase was performed using keywords related to PID to identify reports in any language published between January 1990 and January 2012, with an update in May 2015. Read More

J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2016 Aug 14;42(8):1052-7. Epub 2016 Apr 14.

Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.

Campylobacter fetus often causes systemic infection in immunocompromised or older patients, and prenatal infection, but Campylobacter has rarely been reported as a cause of adnexitis in healthy young women. Here we report two cases of endometriotic cysts infected by C. fetus for the first time. Read More

Insights Imaging 2016 Jun 18;7(3):311-27. Epub 2016 Mar 18.

Radiodiagnostic and Radiotherapy Unit, University Hospital "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123, Catania, Italy.

Objective: We illustrate the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of non-neoplastic tubaric conditions.

Background: A variety of pathologic non-neoplastic conditions may affect the fallopian tubes. Knowledge of their imaging appearance is important for correct diagnosis. Read More

PLoS One 2016 19;11(2):e0149318. Epub 2016 Feb 19.

Department of Radiology, Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kong Jiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China.

Objective: To assess the added value of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) with apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values compared to MRI, for characterizing the tubo-ovarian abscesses (TOA) mimicking ovarian malignancy.

Materials And Methods: Patients with TOA (or ovarian abscess alone; n = 34) or ovarian malignancy (n = 35) who underwent DWI and MRI were retrospectively reviewed. The signal intensity of cystic and solid component of TOAs and ovarian malignant tumors on DWI and the corresponding ADC values were evaluated, as well as clinical characteristics, morphological features, MRI findings were comparatively analyzed. Read More

Nagoya J Med Sci 2015 Nov;77(4):563-9

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan.

To determine the efficacy of computed tomography (CT) attenuation of cystic lesions measured on an image browsing system to distinguish abscess from hematoma in women with acute abdomen. The medical records of female patients of reproductive age with acute abdomen who were treated over a 7-year period in a single center and who had undergone laparotomy or laparoscopic surgery and preoperative pelvic CT scanning were retrospectively analyzed to identify those with hematoma or abscess cyst formation. Nineteen patients with tubo-ovarian abscess (abscess group) and six patients with hematoma (hematoma group) formation in the pelvis were included in the analysis. Read More

Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2016 Jan 19;132(1):17-9. Epub 2015 Sep 19.

University Center for Reproductive Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León University Hospital, Monterey, Nuevo León, Mexico.

Objective: To determine the clinical characteristics that indicate the presence of tubo-ovarian abscess (TOA) among patients with severe pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).

Methods: An observational cohort study was performed from October 2011 to March 2013. The study included all patients with a diagnosis of TOA and PID admitted to a university hospital in Mexico. Read More

Surg Case Rep 2015;1(1):66. Epub 2015 Aug 15.

Department of Diagnostic Pathology at Kochi Health Science Center, 2125-1 Ike, Kochi-City, Kochi 781-8555 Japan.

We report herein a 41-year-old female with a tubo-ovarian abscess (TOA), which microbial cultures showed to contain extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing a causative agent of community-acquired infection. The patient initially presented with acute abdominal pain and back pain. Pelvic computed tomography and transvaginal ultrasonography revealed multiple cystic lesions in the bilateral ovaries that suggested TOA. Read More

J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2017 Apr 7;30(2):203-208. Epub 2015 Aug 7.

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Electronic address:

Study Objective: To evaluate the incidence of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) in virgin women and investigate the clinical characteristics of the patients.

Design: Retrospective chart review and literature review.

Setting: Tertiary academic center. Read More

J Obstet Gynaecol Can 2015 May;37(5):426-429

Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal QC.

Background: Tubo-ovarian abscess (TOA) arises in most cases from pelvic infection. Appropriate treatment includes use of antimicrobials and, especially in patients with increased BMI, drainage of the contents.

Case: A 44-year-old morbidly obese woman (BMI 72) had a persistent TOA despite receiving antibiotic treatment for four months. Read More

Med J Malaysia 2014 Dec;69(6):293-5

RIPAS Hospital, Division of Medicine, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Muara District BU, Brunei Darussalam.

Inferior vena cava (IVC) thrombosis typically arises distally from a thrombophlebitic extension in the pelvis or the lower extremities. It may also occur from propagation of an ovarian vein thrombosis as a result of gynaecological disorders such as pelvic inflammatory disease, endometritis or from pelvic surgeries. In this report, we present an interesting case of a tubo-ovarian abscess with an ectopic IVC thrombus. Read More

Gynecol Obstet Invest 2015 Apr 23. Epub 2015 Apr 23.

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea.

Background/aims: The purpose of this study was to identify predictive markers for tubo-ovarian abscess (TOA) through a comparison of clinical and laboratory data in patients diagnosed with pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).

Methods: We reviewed the medical charts of 499 females who were admitted to hospital with clinical, surgical, imaging-based diagnoses of PID between 2001 and 2011. The patients were divided into the following two groups: (1) PID with TOA and (2) PID without TOA. Read More

Gynecol Obstet Invest 2015 14;80(4):234-9. Epub 2015 Feb 14.

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.

Background: The aim of this study is to identify the inflammatory markers which predict a tubo-ovarian abscess (TOA) in the most accurate way.

Methods: This study involves 312 women. Preoperative inflammatory markers in the study group were compared with those in the healthy control group to identify the most efficient predictor of TOA with a high sensitivity and specificity. Read More

Reprod Sci 2015 Aug 5;22(8):927-31. Epub 2015 Feb 5.

Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey.

Aim of this study is to investigate the diagnostic role of serum D-dimer levels for tubo-ovarian abscess (TOA). Patients diagnosed with TOA (n = 36) and matched controls with ovarian cysts (n = 39) were collected prospectively. Patients in the 2 groups were compared on the basis of size of TOA or cyst, demographic characteristics, and serum d-dimer levels. Read More

J Obstet Gynaecol 2015 29;35(7):699-702. Epub 2014 Dec 29.

a Zekai Tahir Burak Women's Health Education and Research Hospital , Ankara , Turkey.

This study assessed the risk factors for poor clinical outcomes in patients with tubo-ovarian abscess (TOA). Patients managed with medical therapy and discharged within 7 days without complications constituted the favourable prognosis group (n = 22), whereas those who were managed surgically or discharged after 7 days of antibiotic therapy constituted the poor prognosis group (n = 87). Variables including age, gravidity, number of dilation and curettage procedures, caesarean delivery, smoking status, serum C-reactive protein levels, serum white blood count, body temperature, abscess diameter, presence of an intrauterine device (IUD), duration of IUD placement and length of hospitalisation were evaluated to assess their relationship with the clinical prognosis of TOA. Read More

J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2015 May 3;41(5):742-6. Epub 2014 Nov 3.

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul, Korea.

Aim: Inflammation of the upper genital tract causes pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), which may be complicated by pelvic abscesses, such as pyosalpinx and tubo-ovarian abscess (TOA). This study aimed to determine the clinical differences between pyosalpinx and TOA in patients with PID.

Material And Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 458 female patients who were admitted to Hallym University Kang Dong Sacred Heart Hospital for a clinical diagnosis of PID from 1 January 2007 to 30 April 2012. Read More

Vojnosanit Pregl 2014 Sep;71(9):884-8

Introduction: Tubo-ovarian abscess (TOA) is a conglomerated mass of pelvic organs including the tube, the ovary, and the bowel. The most commonly isolated organisms from TOAs are Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Bacteroides species. Read More

Cir Cir 2014 Jul-Aug;82(4):448-52

Servicio de Ginecología y Obstetricia del Hospital General Universitario de Ciudad Real, Ciudad Real, Spain.

Background: Herlyn-Werner-Wunderlich syndrome is a congenital urogenital malformation that is associated with a uterus didelphys and a longitudinal vaginal septum, resulting in a blind hemivagina and ipsilateral renal agenesis. Clinical presentation is highly variable, delaying diagnosis and leading to important complications.

Clinical Case: We present the case of a 13-year-old female who was diagnosed with Herlyn-Werner-Wunderlich syndrome following an acute abdomen due to a right tubo-ovarian abscess. Read More