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Mol Genet Metab 2022 06 18;136(2):101-110. Epub 2022 Apr 18.

Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.

The NAD(P)HX repair system is a metabolite damage repair mechanism responsible for restoration of NADH and NADPH after their inactivation by hydration. Deficiency in either of its two enzymes, NAD(P)HX dehydratase (NAXD) or NAD(P)HX epimerase (NAXE), causes a fatal neurometabolic disorder characterized by decompensations precipitated by inflammatory stress. Clinical findings include rapidly progressive muscle weakness, ataxia, ophthalmoplegia, and motor and cognitive regression, while neuroimaging abnormalities are subtle or nonspecific, making a clinical diagnosis challenging. Read More

Ann Dermatol Venereol 2022 May 24. Epub 2022 May 24.

Service de Dermatologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, 59000 Lille, France; Université de Lille, 59000 Lille, France.

J Cosmet Dermatol 2022 May 2. Epub 2022 May 2.

Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.

Background: Pellagra caused by niacin deficiency in alcoholics can be easily misdiagnosed because of similar symptoms to other alcohol-related diseases and the lack of the classical triad of signs.

Aim: This study aimed to define the clinical presentation of alcoholic pellagra for early diagnosis and timely treatment.

Methods: The clinical data of 16 alcohol-dependent patients who had pellagra and treated in our hospital from January 2002 to December 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Read More

Int J Mol Sci 2022 Apr 13;23(8). Epub 2022 Apr 13.

Laboratory for Epigenomics, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.

Immune response to SARS-CoV-2 and ensuing inflammation pose a huge challenge to the host's nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) metabolism. Humans depend on vitamin B3 for biosynthesis of NAD, indispensable for many metabolic and NAD-consuming signaling reactions. The balance between its utilization and resynthesis is vitally important. Read More

Biosci Microbiota Food Health 2022 24;41(2):73-82. Epub 2022 Jan 24.

Translational Research Unit, Infectious Disease Marker, Biomarker R&D Department, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 3-1-1 Futaba-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan.

Pellagra is caused by an abnormal intake and/or use of niacin, but its phenotypes are diverse. The phenotypes of pellagra can also be atypical, such as nausea. We previously reported a mouse model of pellagra-related nausea. Read More

Lancet Glob Health 2022 05;10(5):e705-e714

Department of HIV and AIDS, Malawi Ministry of Health, Lilongwe, Malawi.

Background: Pellagra is caused by niacin (vitamin B3) deficiency and patients with pellagra present with a characteristic rash. Isoniazid disrupts intracellular niacin synthesis and might induce niacin deficiency. In 2017, Malawi scaled up continuous isoniazid preventive treatment (IPT) for tuberculosis prevention among people living with HIV. Read More

Lancet Glob Health 2022 05;10(5):e600-e601

PANDORA-ID-NET, University of Zambia-University College London Medical School (UNZA-UCLMS) University of Research and Training Project, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka RW1X, Zambia; Division of Infection and Immunity, Centre for Clinical Microbiology, University College London, London, UK; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK; UCL Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, UK.

Prim Care Companion CNS Disord 2022 Mar 10;24(2). Epub 2022 Mar 10.

Clínica de Psiquiatria Geral e Transcultural, Hospital Júlio de Matos, Centro Hospitalar Psiquiátrico de Lisboa, Portugal, Europe.

N Engl J Med 2022 Mar;386(10):e24

PSG Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Coimbatore, India

Mayo Clin Proc 2022 03;97(3):445-446

Pathology Medicine. Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.

Int J Womens Dermatol 2021 Dec 22;7(5Part A):647-652. Epub 2021 Sep 22.

Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Palo Alto, California.

This review article focuses on the dermatologic manifestations of selected nutrient deficiencies, including protein-energy and micronutrient-related malnutrition. The various nutrient deficiencies presented may share common features. However, distinctive cutaneous signs may prompt clinicians to consider a nutritional cause and help distinguish a nutrient deficiency from other common dermatologic conditions. Read More

Skinmed 2021;19(6):456-457. Epub 2021 Dec 1.

Research Unit "Genodermatosis and Cancers LR12SP03," Department of Dermatology, Habib Thameur Hospital, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.

Folia Med Cracov 2021 Sep;61(3):125-137

Department of Dermatology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland.

Pellagra is a rare disease caused by niacin deficiency or a disruption of its metabolism. Its manifestations are dermatitis with pronounced photosensitivity, gastrointestinal symptoms, and neuropsychiatric ailments. Currently pellagra is developed in people who chronically abuse alcohol or are treated with medications from specific pharmacological groups (immunosuppressive and anti-tuberculosis drugs). Read More

Clin Dermatol 2021 Sep-Oct;39(5):858-863. Epub 2021 May 24.

Private Practice, Pembroke Pines, Florida, USA. Electronic address:

Epidemics of nutritional deficiency disorders, caused by a lack of vitamins and minerals, were once very common and claimed many victims. Fortunately, advances in medicine have led to improved diets and a decline in the incidence of these disorders so that they are now seen clinically less often. Reminders of diseases such as scurvy, chlorosis, and pellagra can be found in artwork from the 19th century. Read More

Neurol Sci 2022 01 4;43(1):739-741. Epub 2021 Nov 4.

Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated To Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.

Clin Case Rep 2021 Oct 17;9(10):e04975. Epub 2021 Oct 17.

School of medicine Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran.

Pellagra is a clinical syndrome resulting from niacin deficiency with variety of manifestations. Azathioprine is among drugs that can lead to such condition. Physicians should be aware as proper management can lead to full resolution. Read More

Front Nutr 2021 7;8:721728. Epub 2021 Oct 7.

Key Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.

Cereals and pulses are consumed as a staple food in low-income countries for the fulfillment of daily dietary requirements and as a source of micronutrients. However, they are failing to offer balanced nutrition due to deficiencies of some essential compounds, macronutrients, and micronutrients, i.e. Read More

Mov Disord Clin Pract 2021 Aug 3;8(Suppl 1):S47-S48. Epub 2021 Sep 3.

Department of Medicine, Shree Krishna Hospital and Pramukhswami Medical College Bhaikaka University Karamsad India.

J Cutan Med Surg 2021 Sep 8:12034754211045378. Epub 2021 Sep 8.

410730 Department of Dermatology, AIIMS Jodhpur, India.

Antioxidants (Basel) 2021 Aug 21;10(8). Epub 2021 Aug 21.

Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea.

Vitamin B3 (nicotinic acid, niacin) deficiency causes the systemic disease pellagra, which leads to dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, and possibly death depending on its severity and duration. Vitamin B3 is used in the synthesis of the NAD family of coenzymes, contributing to cellular energy metabolism and defense systems. Although nicotinamide (niacinamide) is primarily used as a nutritional supplement for vitamin B3, its pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical uses have been extensively explored. Read More

Pan Afr Med J 2021 26;39:73. Epub 2021 May 26.

Dermatology and Venereology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Livingstone Central Hospital, Livingstone, Zambia.

Niacin or tryptophan deficiency causes pellagra. Isoniazid interferes with the absorption of niacin and individuals on Isoniazid (INH) are at risk of pellagra. Isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) is the administration of isoniazid to immunosuppressed individuals to prevent active tuberculosis (TB). Read More

JAMA 2021 08;326(6):573

Molecules 2021 Jul 25;26(15). Epub 2021 Jul 25.

Department of Chemistry, College of Science, UAE University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates.

Water-soluble B vitamins participate in numerous crucial metabolic reactions and are critical for maintaining our health. Vitamin B deficiencies cause many different types of diseases, such as dementia, anaemia, cardiovascular disease, neural tube defects, Crohn's disease, celiac disease, and HIV. Vitamin B3 deficiency is linked to pellagra and cancer, while niacin (or nicotinic acid) lowers low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and triglycerides in the blood and increases high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Read More

Am J Med 2022 01 31;135(1):e1-e3. Epub 2021 Jul 31.

Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland.

Eur J Nutr 2022 Feb 2;61(1):329-340. Epub 2021 Aug 2.

Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, 6700 AH, Wageningen, The Netherlands.

Purpose: Vitamin B provides nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), an essential coenzyme in oxidoreductase reactions. Severe vitamin B deficiency leads to the disease Pellagra, while mild vitamin B deficiency has been linked to age-related and metabolic diseases. Mild vitamin B deficiency is understudied, especially in females. Read More

Eur J Dermatol 2021 Jun;31(3):435-436

Department of Dermatovenereology, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.

Br J Nutr 2022 04 3;127(7):961-971. Epub 2021 Jun 3.

Translational Research Unit, Biomarker R&D Department, Shionogi Co. Ltd, Toyonaka, Japan.

Niacin deficiency causes pellagra, the symptoms of which include dermatitis, diarrhoea and dementia. Investigating the mechanism underlying these phenotypes has been challenging due to the lack of an appropriate animal model. Here, we report a mouse model of pellagra-related nausea induced by feeding mice a low-niacin diet and administering isoniazid (INH), which is thought to induce pellagra. Read More

Cureus 2021 Apr 25;13(4):e14682. Epub 2021 Apr 25.

Internal Medicine, Tâmega e Sousa Hospital Center, Penafiel, PRT.

Pellagra is a deadly nutritional disease caused by niacin deficiency. Although practically eradicated in developed countries, it still affects vulnerable populations. The diagnosis is based on the presence of characteristic dermatitis in sun-exposed areas, diarrhea, and dementia. Read More

Int J Dermatol 2022 Feb 24;61(2):e56-e58. Epub 2021 May 24.

Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, Vijayanagar Institute of Medical Sciences, Ballari, India.

Wien Klin Wochenschr 2021 Apr 21;133(Suppl 1):1-21. Epub 2021 Apr 21.

, Martinstraße 7, 3400, Klosterneuburg, Österreich.

Pellagra is characterized by "dermatitis - diarrhea - dementia - death". Various causes were discussed over the course of two centuries. The initial presumption was that the sun caused changes in exposed areas of the body. Read More