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Acta Paediatr 2022 May 17. Epub 2022 May 17.

Pediatric Allergy Unit, Pediatrics Section, Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Policlinico Gemelli Universitary Foundation IRCCS, Catholic University of Sacre Hearth, Rome, Italy.

Int J Pediatr Adolesc Med 2022 Mar 4;9(1):11-15. Epub 2020 Dec 4.

Department of Pediatrics, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA.

Background: Influenza vaccine participation in adolescents is low. Barriers to the influenza vaccine may be shared with the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine.

Methods: We studied adolescents aged 13-17 years who participated in the National Immunization Survey-Teen between 2011 and 2017 (N = 129,200). Read More

J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 2022 Apr 27. Epub 2022 Apr 27.

Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.

Background: In 2018-2019, large outbreaks of measles occurred in Israel and in New York City, driven in part by travel of unimmunized children between the 2 communities.

Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted for children tested for measles (March 2018-September 2019) at NYU Langone Health in New York, NY, and in Ramla subdistrict, Israel. Vaccination records were reviewed to determine vaccination status for measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) at the time of measles testing and 1-year post-testing. Read More

Pediatr Infect Dis J 2022 06 6;41(6):490-491. Epub 2022 May 6.

Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

Some physicians and parents request to measure antimeasles serum IgG antibodies after measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccination. Often, vaccine skeptical parents want to know if their child is "immune" after the first dose to avoid the second dose. In the usual healthy child, this should be discouraged for the following reasons. Read More

J Pediatr 2022 Apr 12. Epub 2022 Apr 12.

Adult and Child Consortium for Health Outcomes Research and Delivery Science, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO; Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO.

Objective: To assess measles experience, practice, and knowledge by pediatricians in the context of resurgent US outbreaks in 2018-2019.

Study Design: A nationally representative network of pediatricians were surveyed by email and mail from January to April 2020.

Results: The response rate was 67% (297 of 444). Read More

Front Immunol 2022 25;13:774503. Epub 2022 Mar 25.

Department of Child and Adolescent Health, Pediatrics I, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.

Earlier studies have recommended routine childhood immunization in patients with propionic acidemia (PA); however, the literature presents insufficient data on the response to vaccines, notably specific IgG concentrations and avidity maturation, after measles, mumps, rubella (MMR), and diphtheria/tetanus (DiphtTe) vaccinations in this population. In patients with PA, cellular and humoral changes of the immune system (e.g. Read More

J Infect 2022 Apr 7. Epub 2022 Apr 7.

Second Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, 'P. & A. Kyriakou' Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece.

Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol 2022 Apr 9;18(1):32. Epub 2022 Apr 9.

Departments of Pediatrics and Community Health and Epidemiology, Canadian Center for Vaccinology, IWK Health Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada.

Background And Objectives: Safety and effectiveness concerns may preclude physicians from recommending vaccination in mild/moderate inborn errors of immunity (IEI). This study describes attitudes and practices regarding vaccination among physicians who care for patients with mild/moderate B cell or mild/moderate combined immunodeficiencies (CID) and vaccination completeness among patients diagnosed with IEIs.

Methods: Canadian physicians caring for children with IEI were surveyed about attitudes and practices regarding vaccination in mild/moderate IEI. Read More

Expert Rev Vaccines 2022 Apr 13:1-7. Epub 2022 Apr 13.

Pathophysiology Department, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, and General Hospital of Athens Laiko, Athens, Greece.

Objectives: Our aim was to estimate vaccination and susceptibility rates against vaccine-preventable diseases among healthcare personnel (HCP) in eight hospitals.

Methods: Cross-sectional survey.

Results: A total of 1284 HCP participated (physicians: 31. Read More

Arch Dis Child 2022 Mar 31. Epub 2022 Mar 31.

Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.

Objectives: To describe rates and variation in uptake of pneumococcal and measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccines in children and associated change in vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs) across the first and second waves of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: Retrospective database study of all children aged <19 registered with a general practice in the Oxford Royal College of General Practitioners Research and Surveillance Centre English national sentinel surveillance network between 2 November 2015 and 18 July 2021.

Results: Coverage of booster dose of pneumococcal vaccine decreased from 94. Read More

BMJ Open Ophthalmol 2022 8;7(1):e000744. Epub 2022 Mar 8.

Strabimsus, Pediatric and Neuro-ophthalmology, Jasti V Ramanamma Children's Eye care, Child Sight Institute, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

Objective: To evaluate visual outcomes and complications of infantile cataract surgery through a 1-year follow-up period in a real world scenario.

Methods And Analysis: Prospective observational study evaluating infants with cataract undergoing surgery.

Results: We analysed 173 eyes of 97 infants (76 bilateral); median age 18. Read More

Pathogens 2022 Mar 11;11(3). Epub 2022 Mar 11.

Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.

A strong association between rubella virus (RuV) and chronic granulomas, in individuals with inborn errors of immunity, has been recently established. Both the RA27/3 vaccine and wild-type RuV strains were highly sensitive to a broad-spectrum antiviral drug, nitazoxanide (NTZ), in vitro. However, NTZ treatment, used as a salvage therapy, resulted in little or no improvements of RuV-associated cutaneous granulomas in patients. Read More

J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 2022 Mar 25. Epub 2022 Mar 25.

Medical Practice Evaluation Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Background: Pediatric international travelers account for nearly half of measles importations in the United States. Over one third of pediatric international travelers depart the United States without the recommended measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccinations: 2 doses for travelers ≥12 months and 1 dose for travelers 6 to <12 months.

Methods: We developed a model to compare 2 strategies among a simulated cohort of international travelers (6 months to <6 years): (1) No pretravel health encounter (PHE): travelers depart with baseline MMR vaccination status; (2) PHE: MMR-eligible travelers are offered vaccination. Read More

Eur J Pediatr 2022 Jun 8;181(6):2343-2354. Epub 2022 Mar 8.

Department of Pediatrics, Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Hospital Universitario La Paz, and La Paz Research Institute (IdiPaz). CIBERINFEC. ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.

This study provides practical recommendations on infection screening in pediatric patients with immune-mediated rheumatic diseases and immunosuppressive therapies. For this reason, a qualitative approach was applied. A narrative literature review was performed via Medline. Read More

Pediatr Int 2022 Jan;64(1):e14968

Department of Pediatrics, National Hospital Organization Mie National Hospital, Tsu, Mie, Japan.

J Prim Care Community Health 2022 Jan-Dec;13:21501319211069271

University of Minnesota Medical School Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA.

In 2019, there were multiple outbreaks of measles in the United States. In the context of the public awareness of these outbreaks, we performed an intervention with the intent to improve the rate of measles immunization in our pediatric population. Pediatric patients that were lacking adequate measles immunization were identified by electronic medical record (EMR) survey. Read More

Vaccine 2022 03 5;40(10):1439-1447. Epub 2022 Feb 5.

MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Bearsden Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK. Electronic address:

Background: Although the number of measles cases declined globally in response to anti-measles immunisation campaigns, measles has re-emerged. A review of current vaccination policies is required to improve measles elimination strategies.

Methods: A pseudotype-based virus neutralisation assay (PVNA) was used to measure neutralising antibody titres in serum samples collected from Thai infants at six timepoints before and after two-doses of MMR (1&2) vaccination (ClinicalTrials. Read More

Vaccine X 2022 Apr 31;10:100144. Epub 2022 Jan 31.

Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, 833 Chestnut St, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.

Objective: To describe medical factors that are associated with caregiver intention to vaccinate their children against COVID-19.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of families receiving primary care in a mid-Atlantic pediatric healthcare system, linking caregiver-reported data from a survey completed March 19 to April 16, 2021 to comprehensive data from the child's EHR.

Results: 513 families were included (28% Black, 16% Hispanic, 44% public insurance, 21% rural, child age range 0-21 years). Read More

Vaccine 2022 02 22;40(8):1061-1064. Epub 2022 Jan 22.

Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Thailand.

Thailand has implemented single-dose mumps-containing vaccines since 1997 and two doses since 2010. This study aimed to describe the seroprevalence of mumps among children who received one- or two-dose mumps vaccines. A cross-sectional study of 145 children (aged 3-9 years) and 422 adolescents (10-18 years) was conducted. Read More

ACI open 2021 Jan;5(1):e36-e46

Center for Clinical Informatics Research and Education, The MetroHealth System, Cleveland, Ohio, United States.

Objective: Learning healthcare systems use routinely collected data to generate new evidence that informs future practice. While implementing an electronic health record (EHR) system can facilitate this goal for individual institutions, meaningfully aggregating data from multiple institutions can be more empowering. Cosmos is a cross-institution, single EHR vendor-facilitated data aggregation tool. Read More

Vaccine 2022 02 17;40(7):988-993. Epub 2022 Jan 17.

Department of Public Health, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka-city, Osaka 545-8585, Japan; Clinical Epidemiology Research Center, SOUSEIKAI, 3-5-1, Kashii-Teriha Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 813-0017, Japan.

Background: In Japan, a monovalent mumps vaccine is provided on a voluntary basis. Due to public concerns over post-vaccination aseptic meningitis, the vaccination coverage is not high enough. The present study investigated the incidence of adverse events, including aseptic meningitis, after Torii strain-derived mumps vaccination. Read More

Front Immunol 2021 20;12:796065. Epub 2021 Dec 20.

Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.

Rubella virus (RuV) has recently been found in association with granulomatous inflammation of the skin and several internal organs in patients with inborn errors of immunity (IEI). The cellular tropism and molecular mechanisms of RuV persistence and pathogenesis in select immunocompromised hosts are not clear. We provide clinical, immunological, virological, and histological data on a cohort of 28 patients with a broad spectrum of IEI and RuV-associated granulomas in skin and nine extracutaneous tissues to further delineate this relationship. Read More

Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2022 Mar 9;41(3):455-466. Epub 2022 Jan 9.

Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea.

We describe a measles outbreak among previously vaccinated healthcare workers (HCWs) and inpatients and the control measures implemented at a tertiary care hospital in 2019. Case-patients were laboratory-confirmed measles with throat swabs tested by quantitative polymerase chain reactions (PCR), during April-May 2019. Medical histories and documented immunization records were obtained. Read More

BMC Infect Dis 2022 Jan 4;22(1). Epub 2022 Jan 4.

Murdoch Children's Research Institute (MCRI), Parkville, Melbourne, Australia.

Background: Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) are at increased risk of serious infections, including vaccine preventable diseases. Current evidence suggests uptake of additional recommended special risk vaccinations is low. Identification of IBD patients prior to commencing immunosuppressive therapy allows for optimisation of vaccination, including timely administration of live-attenuated and additional recommended vaccines, such as influenza and pneumococcal vaccines. Read More

Am J Transplant 2022 Apr 22;22(4):1201-1212. Epub 2022 Jan 22.

Division of Infectious Diseases, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago and Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

Pediatric liver transplant (LT) recipients are often transplanted at a young age, precluding them from receiving live virus vaccinations (LVV) such as varicella (VZV) vaccine and measles, mumps and rubella. This places them at profound risk for vaccine preventable illness. We sought to detail safety of vaccination. Read More

Infect Disord Drug Targets 2021 Dec 13. Epub 2021 Dec 13.

Pediatrics Dep,Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran. Iran.

Background: A safe and effective rubella vaccine is available and prescribed in IRAN.

Objective: This is a survey of CRS cases collected based on WHO criteria one decade after MR vaccination campaign (2003) Methods: This Multi-stage prospective/cross-sectional study was carried out in three stages in 3 educational hospitals in Tehran (Rasoul Aram, Akbar Abadi and Firoozabadi), In the first stage of study between 2011 and 2012 total 186 infants were evaluated and in the second stage of study, total 163 blood samples of infants with suspected INTRA UTERINE INFECTION were compared with a group of healthy matched infants. In the first and second stages, Rubella immunity (IgG&IgM) in cord blood was evaluated by Eliza method. Read More

Med Sci Monit Basic Res 2021 Dec 27;27:e934194. Epub 2021 Dec 27.

Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Hospital Service University of Kosovo (SHSKUK), Prishtina, Kosovo.

BACKGROUND In the Republic of Kosovo, full vaccination status in children under age 2 years includes: 1 dose of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine; 3 doses of diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, hepatitis B, polio, and Haemophilus influenzae type b (DTaP-HB-IPV-Hib) vaccine; 3 doses of inactivated polio vaccine (IPV); and 1 dose of measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine. Lot quality assurance sampling (LQAS) is a method used to assess the performance of health quality indicators. MATERIAL AND METHODS A national cross-sectional study with children aged between 12 and 24 months from Kosovo was performed between 2018 and 2020. Read More

Biomed Res Int 2021 14;2021:6995096. Epub 2021 Dec 14.

Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Tamale Teaching Hospital, Tamale, Ghana.

At the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, early modelling studies estimated a reduction in childhood vaccinations in low- and middle-income countries. Regular provision of both curative and preventive services such as antenatal care and childhood immunizations has been negatively affected since the onset of the pandemic. Our study was aimed at examining the impact that the pandemic had on childhood vaccination services at the Tamale Teaching Hospital (TTH). Read More

Pediatrics 2021 12;148(6)

Immunization Safety Office, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.

Objectives: Safety studies assessing the association between the entire recommended childhood immunization schedule and autoimmune diseases, such as type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), are lacking. To examine the association between the recommended immunization schedule and T1DM, we conducted a retrospective cohort study of children born between 2004 and 2014 in 8 US health care organizations that participate in the Vaccine Safety Datalink.

Methods: Three measures of the immunization schedule were assessed: average days undervaccinated (ADU), cumulative antigen exposure, and cumulative aluminum exposure. Read More

J Child Health Care 2021 Nov 29:13674935211055294. Epub 2021 Nov 29.

Directorate of Research, Studies and Documentation, 454163National Public Health Organization, Athens, Greece.

Although all European countries have vaccination policies for children, there are no comprehensive studies of pediatric vaccination programs in Europe. We studied vaccination programs for children in Europe. Vaccinations against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, poliomyelitis, type b, hepatitis B, measles, mumps, rubella, and influenza existed in 42 countries, against human papilloma virus in 41 countries, and against pneumococcus in 40 countries. Read More