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Clin Infect Dis 2020 Jun 3. Epub 2020 Jun 3.

Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory + Children's Pediatric Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA.

While the role of children in the chain of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 remains to be fully defined, they likely play an important role based on our knowledge of other respiratory viruses. Children are more likely to be asymptomatic or have milder symptoms and less likely to present for healthcare and be tested for SARS-CoV-2; thus, our current estimates are likely under-representative of the true burden of SARS-CoV-2 in children. Given the potential direct benefit of a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in children and the substantial indirect benefit through community protection or 'herd immunity', we argue that planning and implementation of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines should include children. Read More

Hum Vaccin Immunother 2020 May 19:1-7. Epub 2020 May 19.

Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA.

The varicella vaccine passage extension (VAR-PE) process was undertaken to extend the availability of varicella zoster virus (VZV)-containing vaccines. This study (V210-A03; NCT03239873) assessed the immunogenicity, safety, and tolerability of VAR-PE process in comparison with varicella vaccine commercial product 2016 (VAR) randomized 1:1 in 600 healthy children 12 to 23 months of age administered concomitantly with measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine. The VZV seroconversion rate at 6 weeks Postdose 1 in the PP population was 100% for both groups. Read More

Vaccine 2020 Jun 12;38(28):4457-4463. Epub 2020 May 12.

Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University and Canadian Center for Vaccinology, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada. Electronic address:

Background: Neurological adverse events following immunization (AEFI) remain poorly characterized. Our objective was to describe pediatric acute and chronic encephalopathy and encephalitis cases following immunization reported via active sentinel surveillance from 1992 to 2012.

Methods: This case series provides a descriptive analysis of encephalopathy/encephalitis admissions reported to the Canadian Immunization Monitoring Program ACTive (IMPACT). Read More

Mil Med 2020 May 12. Epub 2020 May 12.

Allergy and Immunology, Wilford Hall Medical Center, 59th Medical Group, 2200 Bergquist Drive Lackland Air Force Base, San Antonio, TX 78236.

The measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine is generally well tolerated, and reports of anaphylaxis to the vaccine are rare. IgE-mediated reactions to vaccines are often caused by additives or residual vaccine components. An inability to obtain proper immunizations can be a disqualifying component to military service. Read More

Cureus 2020 Mar 24;12(3):e7383. Epub 2020 Mar 24.

Pediatrics, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, JPN.

We came across a 20-month-old boy with Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease (KFD) who showed atypical symptoms that were difficult to diagnose. His symptoms were different from those experienced in common clinical KFD cases. Hence, we report his case presentation and review the literature on the difference in KFD symptoms between infants and young children (under six years of age), and school-age children (6 to 20 years). Read More

Vaccine 2020 May 21;38(24):4016-4023. Epub 2020 Apr 21.

Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Academy of Science, Royal Society of Thailand, Bangkok, Thailand. Electronic address:

Introduction: Thailand changed the schedule of childhood measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccination in 2014, moving the second dose from the age of 6 years to 2.5 years. There are currently no data on antibody responses to the MMR vaccine since this recommendation. Read More

Vaccine 2020 May 19;38(23):3960-3967. Epub 2020 Apr 19.

Department of Pediatrics, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China. Electronic address:

This study investigated the concentrations and seroprevalence of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against pertussis, diphtheria, tetanus, measles, mumps and rubella among children in Guangzhou, China. We conducted a cross-sectional study focusing on the post-vaccination immune statuses of children on scheduled immunisation. Human IgG antibody against six diseases were measured using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. Read More

Lancet Infect Dis 2020 May 9;20(5):e80-e89. Epub 2020 Apr 9.

Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Institute of Vaccine Safety, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Health, Behavior & Society, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. Electronic address:

This Review updates the scientific evidence assessing possible causal associations of adverse events following immunisation (AEFI) compiled in the 2012 report from the Institute of Medicine and the 2014 report from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. For 12 of 46 AEFI examined, a causal relationship has been established with at least one vaccine currently routinely recommended to the general USA population: anaphylaxis, arthralgia or arthritis (mild, acute, and transient, not chronic), deltoid bursitis (when vaccine is administered improperly), disseminated varicella infection (in immune deficient individuals for whom the varicella vaccine is contraindicated), encephalitis, febrile seizures, Guillain-Barré syndrome, hepatitis (in immune deficient individuals for whom the varicella vaccine is contraindicated), herpes zoster, immune thrombocytopenic purpura, meningitis, and syncope. Other than mild acute and transient arthralgia or arthritis, which is very common in adult women after rubella vaccine, these adverse reactions are rare or very rare. Read More

Hong Kong Med J 2020 Apr 2;26(2):127-138. Epub 2020 Apr 2.

Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The Hong Kong Children's Hospital, Kowloon Bay, Hong Kong.

Congenital infections refer to a group of perinatal infections that may have similar clinical presentations, including rash and ocular findings. TORCH is the acronym that covers these infections (toxoplasmosis, other [syphilis], rubella, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus). There are, however, other important causes of intrauterine/perinatal infections, including enteroviruses, varicella zoster virus, Zika virus, and parvovirus B19. Read More

Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi 2020 Apr;58(4):308-313

Department of Medical Genetics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China.

To investigate the coverage rate and the adverse reactions of National Immunization Program vaccines in children with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). A cross-sectional retrospective cohort study was carried out from July 2016 to June 2019, 192 children (116 boys and 76 girls) with SMA registered by Capital Institute of Pediatrics and 191 healthy children (115 boys and 76 girls) vaccinated in Chaoyang Olympic Village Community Health Service Center from July 2016 to December 2018 were included. Questionnaire survey was designed to investigate the vaccination coverage rate and associated adverse events. Read More

Cureus 2020 Mar 10;12(3):e7232. Epub 2020 Mar 10.

Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha, SAU.

Background: Cerebral palsy (CP) is a non-progressive, everlasting neurological disorder of movement, posture, and physical activities, with a prevalence of 2.2-3.3/1,000. Read More

Vaccine 2020 Apr 9;38(16):3218-3226. Epub 2020 Mar 9.

AUDACIS, Antwerp Unit for Data Analysis and Computation in Immunology and Sequencing, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination (CEV), Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.

Thanks to the recommendation of a combined Measles/Mumps/Rubella (MMR) vaccine, like Priorix®, these childhood diseases are less common now. This is beneficial to limit the spread of these diseases and work towards their elimination. However, the measles, mumps and rubella antibody titers show a large variability in short- and long-term immunity. Read More

Arch Virol 2020 May 9;165(5):1099-1107. Epub 2020 Mar 9.

Medical School, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, 232001, Anhui, People's Republic of China.

To determine the status of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection in human milk in China, a total of 510 human milk samples obtained from three provinces, including 211 donor human milk samples from human milk banks and 299 milk samples obtained from the mothers of premature infants, were tested to detect HCMV DNA. Overall, 46.4% of the donated milk samples and 59. Read More

PLoS One 2020 4;15(3):e0228163. Epub 2020 Mar 4.

Laboratory of Immunoregulation, Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccines, Center for Biologics, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America.

Anti-retroviral therapy (ART) has been highly successful in controlling HIV replication, reducing viral burden, and preventing both progression to AIDS and viral transmission. Yet, ART alone cannot cure the infection. Even after years of successful therapy, ART withdrawal leads inevitably to viral rebound within a few weeks or months. Read More

Curr Opin Virol 2020 Feb 26;41:1-7. Epub 2020 Feb 26.

Department of Health Promotion & Community Health Sciences, Texas A&M School of Public Health, College Station, Texas, USA. Electronic address:

The year 2019 marked the return of measles after almost two decades of unprecedented successes in global vaccination programs. Measles transmission due to sharp declines in measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccination coverage is now widespread among nations that previously saw impressive public health gains including Philippines, DR Congo, Madagascar, Samoa, many in Europe, and the United States and Venezuela in the Americas. Key determinants include the interruption of vaccine health systems due to war, conflict, and political instability; food insecurity and urbanization; and an increasingly globalized vaccine hesitancy or antivaccine movement. Read More

Infect Chemother 2020 Mar 21;52(1):93-97. Epub 2020 Jan 21.

Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Seoul, Korea.

We performed a point seroprevalence survey of measles among healthcare workers (HCWs) at two Korean teaching hospitals in 2019. A total of 2,830 HCWs underwent an antibody test. The overall seropositivity of measles was 93. Read More

Vaccine 2020 Feb 24;38(9):2198-2201. Epub 2020 Jan 24.

Department of Allergology, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.

Purpose: To collect retrospective data of patients with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) and other rheumatic diseases who received live attenuated booster measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) or measles-mumps-rubella-varicella (MMR/V) during treatment with immunosuppressive therapy.

Results: Data from 13 pediatric rheumatology centers in 10 countries, including 234 patients, were collected. Mean age at diagnosis was 5 ± 2. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2020 Jan 21;13(1). Epub 2020 Jan 21.

Paediatric Critical Care Medicine, Shaikh Khalifa Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates

Live vaccine-acquired infection should attest for the occurrence of inborn errors of immunity. Autosomal recessive immunodeficiency 31B, a result of a signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 genetic mutation, results in defected interferon pathways: interferon alpha/beta and interferon gamma. These interferons are crucial for the defence against viral and mycobacterial infections. Read More

Vaccines (Basel) 2020 Jan 20;8(1). Epub 2020 Jan 20.

Department for Interventions in Health Care Facilities, National Organization of Public Health, 15123 Athens, Greece.

Background: While all European countries implement vaccination programs for children, there are gaps in terms of vaccination programs for adults.

Methods: We studied the 2019 vaccination policies for adults in 42 European countries.

Results: Vaccination programs for adults were in place in all countries. Read More

Arch Dis Child 2020 Jan 20. Epub 2020 Jan 20.

International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.

Objective: There are few studies on cerebral palsy (CP) in African children and our study aimed to describe the aetiology, characteristics and severity of CP in children from Nigeria.

Design: A population-based study using key informant methodology (KIM) was conducted as part of a clinical research trial. Children aged 4-15 years were clinically assessed for CP. Read More

Vaccine 2020 Feb 24;38(7):1810-1817. Epub 2019 Dec 24.

University Medical Center Ulm, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm, Germany. Electronic address:

Background And Aims: Immunosuppressed patients are at risk of severe infections with vaccination preventable diseases. We evaluated vaccination rate and immunity of children and adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and autoimmune hepatitis (AIH).

Methods: Immunization rate of 329 children with IBD (n = 300) and AIH (n = 29) was assessed in seven German centres using vaccination certificates, history of chicken pox and by determining anti-varicella zoster virus (VZV) and anti-measles IgG antibodies. Read More

Pediatr Rep 2019 Dec 2;11(4):8224. Epub 2019 Dec 2.

Department of Pediatrics, Sourô Sanou University Hospital, Bobo-Dioulasso.

Apert syndrome or acrocephalosyndactyly is a rare genetic disease characterized by craniofacial dysmorphism and syndactyly of the hands and feet. We report an observation in a 4-month-old female infant, whose father was 65 years old. The infant was admitted to the neonatology of Sourô Sanou University Hospital (Burkina Faso) for respiratory distress in a congenital malformation disorders context with the notion of resuscitation for 10 minutes at birth. Read More

PLoS Med 2019 12 23;16(12):e1002994. Epub 2019 Dec 23.

Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America.

Background: Vaccine hesitancy, the reluctance or refusal to receive vaccination, is a growing public health problem in the United States and globally. State policies that eliminate nonmedical ("personal belief") exemptions to childhood vaccination requirements are controversial, and their effectiveness to improve vaccination coverage remains unclear given limited rigorous policy analysis. In 2016, a California policy (Senate Bill 277) eliminated nonmedical exemptions from school entry requirements. Read More

Int J Infect Dis 2020 Feb 19;91:255-260. Epub 2019 Dec 19.

Medical Research Council: Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation: Vaccine Preventable Diseases Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. Electronic address:

Objectives: Rubella infection during pregnancy may cause foetal death or congenital rubella syndrome. In South Africa, the national public immunization programme does not include rubella vaccination. The aim of this study was to evaluate rubella sero-epidemiology in pregnant South African women living with and without HIV. Read More

PLoS One 2019 26;14(11):e0225606. Epub 2019 Nov 26.

Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.

Measles and rubella are highly contagious viral diseases transmitted via respiratory secretions and aerosolized droplets. Thailand has implemented universal vaccination against measles using the monovalent measles (M) or the trivalent measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine for the past 30 years. Nevertheless, incidence of measles and rubella remains in some parts of the country. Read More

Vaccine 2020 Jan 21;38(5):1181-1185. Epub 2019 Nov 21.

Medical Directorate, Hellenic Air Force General Staff, Athens, Greece.

Aim: Data about susceptibility rates in young adults are scarce. We estimated the complete vaccination rates, timeliness of vaccinations and susceptibility rates among male military recruits in Greece.

Methods: A standardized form was used to collect data. Read More

Int J Infect Dis 2020 Feb 20;91:87-93. Epub 2019 Nov 20.

Infectious Diseases Research Unit, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg. Electronic address:

Background: In Sudan, neither mumps nor rubella vaccines are currently used and comprehensive data on the seroepidemiology of measles, mumps, and rubella (M.M.R), as well as information about circulating mumps virus genotypes, are lacking. Read More

Sci Rep 2019 11 19;9(1):17105. Epub 2019 Nov 19.

Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.

This study investigated the characteristics of congenital rubella syndrome (CRS)-associated cardiac complications, particularly patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). We reviewed the medical records of patients with CRS who were admitted to the Children's Hospital 1 in Vietnam between December 2010 and December 2012, and patients with CRS who underwent PDA transcatheter occlusion therapy at the cardiology department between December 2009 and December 2015. We compared the characteristics of PDA treated with transcatheter closure between children with CRS (CRS-PDA) and those without CRS (non-CRS-PDA) who underwent PDA transcatheter closure between July 2014 and December 2015. Read More

Indian Pediatr 2019 10;56(10):868-872

Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.

Neonates with congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) are known to have associated congenital cardiac malformations. Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is one the most common cardiac anomalies associated with CRS. PDA refractory to medical management and associated with ventilatory dependence is considered for surgical ligation. Read More

Lancet Infect Dis 2020 Feb 7;20(2):220-229. Epub 2019 Nov 7.

Unit of Health-Care Epidemiology, Big Data Institute, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK.

Background: Congenital viral infections cause substantial long-term morbidity but population-based data about diagnosis rates are scarce. The aim of this study was to assess the long-term trends in congenital viral infections in England and to report on how the rates of these infections might have changed with improved methods for detection, the introduction of the two-dose measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine in 1996, and the implementation of the Newborn Hearing Screening Programme (NHSP) in 2006.

Methods: For this population-based, observational cohort study, we used national and regional hospitalisation data from 1968 to 2016 in England (Hospital In-Patient Enquiry, Hospital Episode Statistics, and Oxford Record Linkage Study) to calculate annual rates of hospital discharges coded with-and individuals aged younger than 1 month diagnosed with-congenital cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus (HSV), varicella zoster virus (VZV), and rubella. Read More

J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 2019 Nov 7. Epub 2019 Nov 7.

Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Anna Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence.

Background: Measles is a highly communicable infection with potentially severe complications. It is rarely reported in high-income countries and the limited awareness and experience of pediatricians may result in misdiagnosis. The present study aimed at investigating physician's ability and timing to reach diagnosis during a recent outbreak in Italy. Read More

Inflamm Bowel Dis 2019 Nov 5. Epub 2019 Nov 5.

Department of Translational Medical Science, Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples "Federico II," Napoli, Italy; Napoli, Italy.

Background: Vaccine-preventable diseases and opportunistic infections in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are increasingly recognized issues. The aims of this study were to evaluate vaccinations, immunization status, and consequent therapeutic management in children with IBD and to analyze the differences among patients diagnosed before (Group 1) and after June 2012 (Group 2).

Methods: This was a multicenter, retrospective cohort investigation. Read More

Health Aff (Millwood) 2019 11;38(11):1944-1947

Joshua T. B. Williams ( Joshua. org ) is a general pediatrician at Denver Health Medical Center and an assistant professor of pediatrics at the University of Colorado School of Medicine, in Denver, Colorado. He thanks Annie Dominguez, Abraham Nussbaum, and Romana Hasnain-Wynia for their thoughtful and constructive feedback on earlier versions of this essay.

A pediatrician offers a vision for vaccine policy that promotes public health while respecting religious beliefs. Read More

J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2019 Oct 29:1-6. Epub 2019 Oct 29.

Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.

Premature infants are born with lower iron stores and are at risk for iron deficiency during early infancy. To prevent iron deficiency, premature infants are routinely supplemented with 2 mg/kg/day oral elemental iron. Reticulocyte hemoglobin content (RET-He), a measure of iron deficiency, has not been well evaluated prior to discharge in premature infants. Read More

PLoS Pathog 2019 10 28;15(10):e1008080. Epub 2019 Oct 28.

Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America.

Rubella viruses (RV) have been found in an association with granulomas in children with primary immune deficiencies (PID). Here, we report the recovery and characterization of infectious immunodeficiency-related vaccine-derived rubella viruses (iVDRV) from diagnostic skin biopsies of four patients. Sequence evolution within PID hosts was studied by comparison of the complete genomic sequences of the iVDRVs with the genome of the vaccine virus RA27/3. Read More

J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 2019 Oct 23. Epub 2019 Oct 23.

Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University Medical School, Stanford, California, USA.

In this study, we illustrate, for the first time, that preexisting low-avidity neutralizing measles maternal antibodies do not interfere with the development of high concentrations of high-avidity measles antibodies in children immunized at age 12 months. This suggests that the quality of measles maternal antibodies, rather than the quantity, impacts immunogenicity of primary measles immunization. Read More

Indian Pediatr 2019 09;56(9):723-724

National President, Indian Academy of Pediatrics, 2019.

Vaccine 2019 12 14;37(52):7576-7584. Epub 2019 Oct 14.

Director, Mayo Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.

We investigated and compared current national vaccination policies for health-care personnel (HCP) in Europe with results from our previous survey. Data from 36 European countries were collected using the same methodology as in 2011. National policies for HCP immunization were in place in all countries. Read More

Pediatr Transplant 2020 02 16;24(1):e13599. Epub 2019 Oct 16.

The Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Juliane Marie Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Children receiving HCT loose protective immunity to vaccines received pre-HCT. Therefore, revaccination post-HCT is of major importance. In Denmark, a vaccination schedule with fewer doses post-HCT has been used, including two doses for diphtheria, tetanus, polio, measles, mumps, and rubella, and one dose only for Haemophilus influenzae type B. Read More

J Chin Med Assoc 2020 Jan;83(1):5-7

Department of Pediatrics, Cheng-Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.

Measles is a highly infectious viral illness and is one of the world's most contagious diseases that can affect all people if they have not been vaccinated or have not had it before. Before measles vaccine became available in 1963, major epidemic occurred approximately every 2 to 3 years and thus 99% of the people were thought to have been infected naturally with measles virus and got immune for life. In 2000, measles was declared eliminated from the United States, and yet 1215 cases have been reported from 30 states as of August 22, 2019. Read More

J Pediatr 2019 10;213:37

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

BMJ Case Rep 2019 Sep 20;12(9). Epub 2019 Sep 20.

Department of Pediatrics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.

A boy developed immune thrombocytopenia 2 weeks after receiving his measles-mumps-rubella and varicella vaccines at 12 months of age. He then had a recurrent episode 1 week after the booster doses of his quadrivalent diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis-polio, pneumococcal and meningococcal group C vaccines at 5 years of age. On both the occasions he required hospitalisation and treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin. Read More

EClinicalMedicine 2019 Aug 26;13:21-30. Epub 2019 Jul 26.

Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.

Introduction: Immunisation during pregnancy to protect infants against tetanus, pertussis and influenza is recommended in many countries. However, maternal antibodies can interfere with infant vaccine responses. We investigated the effect of antenatal diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis (dTpa) and trivalent inactivated influenza (TIV) immunisation on specific and heterologous antibody responses to routine immunisations given in the first year of life. Read More

Pediatr Transplant 2019 11 9;23(7):e13571. Epub 2019 Sep 9.

Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Paediatrics, Transplant and Regenerative Medicine Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.

Growing evidence suggests receipt of live-attenuated viral vaccines after solid organ transplant (SOT) has occurred and is safe and needed due to lapses in herd immunity. A 2-day consortium of experts in infectious diseases, transplantation, vaccinology, and immunology was held with the objective to review evidence and create expert recommendations for clinicians when considering live viral vaccines post-SOT. For consideration of VV and MMR post-transplant, evidence exists only for kidney and liver transplant recipients. Read More

Vaccine 2019 09 23;37(40):5930-5933. Epub 2019 Aug 23.

Department of Infectious Diseases, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium; Centre for Environmental Health and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Belgium; Institute for Medical Immunology, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Belgium.

Rubella infection is a vaccine preventable disease. Maternal infection during pregnancy may lead to congenital infection and severe foetal malformations. Thanks to antiretroviral therapy, perinatally HIV-infected women have better prognosis and are now experiencing pregnancy. Read More

Mikrobiyol Bul 2019 Jul;53(3):336-342

Dokuz Eylul University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Izmir, Turkey.

The screening for syphilis during pregnancy is important to prevent intrauterine transmission and complications. Prozone phenomenon may cause a false negative result in non-treponemal syphilis tests, which complicates an accurate diagnosis. In this case report a newborn syphilis case was presented to emphasize the importance of reverse algorithm in diagnosis and the prozone phenomenon which can cause problems in rapid plasma reagin (RPR) test. Read More

Diabetes Metab Syndr 2019 Jul - Aug;13(4):2473-2475. Epub 2019 Jun 28.

Department of pediatrics, AIIMS, New Delhi, India. Electronic address:

Congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) usually occurs in a developing fetus of a pregnant woman who has contracted rubella, usually in the first trimester. With universal rubella vaccination, the incidence of CRS in developed countries has drastically reduced. However, in developing countries, CRS continues to be a public health menace in children. Read More

Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2019 11 5;25(11):e321-e330. Epub 2019 Aug 5.

Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital/University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington. Electronic address:

Until recently, measles exposures were relatively rare and so, consequently, were an afterthought for cancer patients and/or blood and marrow transplant recipients and their providers. Declines in measles herd immunity have reached critical levels in many communities throughout the United States due to increasing vaccine hesitancy, so that community-based outbreaks have occurred. The reemergence of measles as a clinical disease has raised serious concerns among immunocompromised patients and those who work within the cancer and hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) community. Read More

Indian J Pediatr 2019 10 7;86(10):883-884. Epub 2019 Aug 7.

Department of Pediatrics, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Tegh Bahadur Hospital, New Delhi, 110095, India.

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2019 10 5;40(10):1206-1207. Epub 2019 Aug 5.

Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California.