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Lancet Infect Dis 2019 Feb 11. Epub 2019 Feb 11.

University of Defence, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Department of Social Medicine, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.

Background: The duration of protection provided by varicella vaccines is unclear. We assessed the 10-year vaccine efficacy of two doses of a combined measles-mumps-rubella-varicella vaccine (MMRV), one live attenuated varicella vaccine (V) dose given after one measles-mumps-rubella vaccine (MMR) dose (MMR + V), versus two MMR doses (control vaccine) for the prevention of confirmed varicella.

Methods: This was a phase 3b follow-up of an observer-blinded, randomised, controlled trial. Read More

Vaccine 2019 Mar 11;37(11):1443-1448. Epub 2019 Feb 11.

Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed To Be University), Pune, India. Electronic address:

Background: Immunization of children with vaccines against Measles, Mumps, Rubella, and Varicella (MMRV) is practiced globally with varied recommendations. In India, measles vaccine is administered alone or as MMR at 9 months age. Varicella vaccine is not routinely used. Read More

Adv Exp Med Biol 2019 Feb 14. Epub 2019 Feb 14.

Department of Pediatrics with Clinical Assessment Unit, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland.

A worrying increase in the number of measles cases has been noted recently in Poland, which may have to do with a decreasing proportion of children vaccinated against measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) in the second year of life (<95%). For many years, MMR vaccination in children has been associated with a fear of allergy to eggs. This study seeks to define the reason and justification for postponing MMR vaccination in a population of children referred to the outpatient specialist immunization clinic. Read More

J Pediatr 2019 Feb;205:82

Department of Pediatrics University College of Medical Sciences Delhi, India.

J Clin Immunol 2019 Jan 24;39(1):112-117. Epub 2019 Jan 24.

Division of Allergy Immunology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3615 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.

Purpose: Nitazoxanide was recently reported as having in vitro effectiveness against the rubella virus. Immunodeficiency-related vaccine-derived rubella occurs in some patients who have an inherited immunodeficiency and who received the MMR vaccine. This study investigated the in vivo effectiveness of nitazoxanide therapy. Read More

Arch Dis Child 2019 Jan 12. Epub 2019 Jan 12.

Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Anna Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy.

Objective And Design: Risk factors for severe measles are poorly investigated in high-income countries. The Italian Society for Paediatric Infectious Diseases conducted a retrospective study in children hospitalised for measles from January 2016 to August 2017 to investigate the risk factors for severe outcome defined by the presence of long-lasting sequelae, need of intensive care or death.

Results: Nineteen hospitals enrolled 249 children (median age 14. Read More

Arthritis Rheumatol 2019 Jan 5. Epub 2019 Jan 5.

Infectious Diseases Unit, Second Department of Pediatrics, "P. & A. Kyriakou" Children's Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystem autoimmune disease primarily affecting young females. SLE patients are susceptible to infections due to their defective immune system and the immunosuppressive treatment they receive[1]. However we lack data regarding response to specific vaccines. Read More

J Clin Immunol 2019 Jan 3;39(1):81-89. Epub 2019 Jan 3.

Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.

The association of immunodeficiency-related vaccine-derived rubella virus (iVDRV) with cutaneous and visceral granulomatous disease has been reported in patients with primary immunodeficiency disorders (PIDs). The majority of these PID patients with rubella-positive granulomas had DNA repair disorders. To support this line of inquiry, we provide additional descriptive data on seven previously reported patients with Nijmegen breakage syndrome (NBS) (n = 3) and ataxia telangiectasia (AT) (n = 4) as well as eight previously unreported patients with iVDRV-induced cutaneous granulomas and DNA repair disorders including NBS (n = 1), AT (n = 5), DNA ligase 4 deficiency (n = 1), and Artemis deficiency (n = 1). Read More

Inflamm Bowel Dis 2018 Dec 14. Epub 2018 Dec 14.

Section of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Paediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.

Background: Data on the serologic status of childhood vaccines, cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), are limited in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Therefore, we evaluated vaccine coverage and seroprotection, along with CMV and EBV seropositivity, in pediatric IBD.

Methods: In a cross-sectional study, demographic data, IBD history, vaccine records, and serum for antibodies against measles, mumps, rubella, diphtheria, tetanus, varicella, hepatitis B (HBV), CMV, and EBV were collected from children with IBD. Read More

Vaccine 2019 Jan 30;37(1):202-209. Epub 2018 Nov 30.

Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan. Electronic address:

Rubella vaccination programs have dramatically reduced the incidence of rubella and congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) in developed countries. However, CRS prevalence is still rising in developing countries where rubella-containing vaccines (RCV) are not included in the immunization program and even in some countries where a part of the population lacks immunity to rubella despite the presence of RCV in the regular immunization program. This review aimed to summarize the clinical features of CRS using data from our studies conducted between 2011 and 2015 in Vietnam, wherein we examined clinical manifestations in Vietnamese children with CRS who were born after the large rubella outbreak of 2011; a series of studies dealing with CRS in North America and Europe after the 1960s epidemic; and those from countries before introduction of RCVs. Read More

Pediatr Neonatol 2018 Nov 3. Epub 2018 Nov 3.

University of Health Sciences, Ankara Child Health and Diseases Hematology Oncology Training and Research Hospital, Department of Hematology, Ankara, Turkey.

Objective: Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is the most common cause of acquired thrombocytopenia children. The aim of this retrospective study is to describe presenting features and clinical characteristics of ITP and evaluate clinical course, treatment modalities, and complications and determine the effects of preceding infection history, age, gender, treatment modality, and admission platelet count on chronicity.

Method: Two hundred and eleven patients who were diagnosed ITP and followed-up in Department of Pediatric Hematology, Ankara Children Hematology Oncology Education and Research Hospital between January 2008 and September 2012 were included. Read More

PLoS One 2018 12;13(11):e0207095. Epub 2018 Nov 12.

Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.

Background: Rubella virus infection in early pregnancy lead to serious multi-organ birth defects known as congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). The incidence of CRS varies in different populations and the highest burden is found in developing countries in which rubella vaccination is not included in their national immunization programs. In Ethiopia, there is scarcity of data about congenital rubella syndrome. Read More

Pediatr Infect Dis J 2019 Feb;38(2):181-188

University of Tampere Medical School, Tampere, Finland.

Varicella is a common vaccine-preventable disease that usually presents as a mild disorder but can lead to severe complications. Before the implementation of universal varicella vaccination (UVV) in some European countries, the burden of varicella disease was broadly similar across the region. Despite this, countries adopted heterogeneous varicella vaccination strategies. Read More

Am J Trop Med Hyg 2018 Nov;99(5):1342-1345

Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.

We sought to compare seroprevalence of protective measles and rubella-specific antibody in mother-infant pairs across two populations: a pre-disease elimination Nepal population with recently introduced rubella vaccine and post-disease elimination U.S. population. Read More

Infect Disord Drug Targets 2018 Oct 23. Epub 2018 Oct 23.

Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney. Australia.

Background: Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common cause of physical disability in childhood, with an estimated 17 million cases worldwide. There is limited data concerning the general health of this population and the immunisation status of children with CP is largely unknown.

Objective: We aimed to assess the immunisation status of children with CP in rural Bangladesh and determine the predictors of non-immunisation. Read More

Hong Kong Med J 2018 Oct;24(5):527-531

Allergy Centre, Hong Kong Sanatorium and Hospital, Happy Valley, Hong Kong.

Vaccination of egg-allergic individuals has been a historical concern, particularly for influenza and measles-mumps-rubella-varicella vaccines that are developed in chicken egg embryos or chicken cell fibroblasts. The egg proteins in these vaccines were believed to trigger an immediate allergic reaction in egg-allergic individuals. However, recently published international guidelines have updated their recommendations and now state that these vaccines can be safely administered to egg-allergic individuals. Read More

Hong Kong Med J 2018 Oct;24(5):512-520

Department of Pediatrics and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, The University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.

Measles (rubeola) is a highly contagious vaccine-preventable disease caused by the measles virus-a virus of the family. The illness typically begins with fever, runny nose, cough, and pathognomonic enanthem (Koplik spots) followed by a characteristic erythematous, maculopapular rash. The rash classically begins on the face and becomes more confluent as it spreads cephalocaudally. Read More

Birth Defects Res 2018 Oct 19;110(16):1233-1240. Epub 2018 Sep 19.

Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.

Background: Congenital heart diseases (CHDs) affect ~1% of newborns and are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in children. We present the clinical epidemiology of CHD as seen in a large university medical center in Nigeria.

Methods: Participants were 767 children with echocardiographically confirmed CHD seen over a 5-year period at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. Read More

Pediatr Infect Dis J 2018 Sep 10. Epub 2018 Sep 10.

Department of social and preventive medicine, Laval University, Quebec, Canada.

Background: While adverse events following immunization (AEFI) are frequent, there are limited data on the safety of reimmunizing patients who had a prior AEFI. Our objective was to estimate the rate and severity of AEFI recurrences.

Methods: We analyzed data from the AEFI passive surveillance system in Quebec, Canada that collects information on reimmunization of patients who had a prior AEFI. Read More

Clin Infect Dis 2018 Sep 8. Epub 2018 Sep 8.

National Institute for Communicable Diseases, A division of the National Health Laboratory Service, South Africa.

Background: Congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) includes disorders associated with intrauterine rubella infection. Incidence of CRS is higher in countries with no rubella-containing vaccines (RCV) in their immunization schedules. In the World Health Organization African region, RCVs are being introduced as part of the 2012-2020 global measles and rubella strategic plan. Read More

Int J Infect Dis 2018 11 7;76:97-101. Epub 2018 Sep 7.

Aix-Marseille Université, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France;

Objectives: To analyse a measles outbreak in a Roma community.

Methods: We describe a community-wide outbreak of genotype D8 measles that took place in southeastern France, between May and July 2017, along with the control measures adopted.

Results: We identified a total of eighteen cases, between six months and 24 years old. Read More

Am J Transplant 2018 Sep 1. Epub 2018 Sep 1.

Department of Pediatrics, Division of General Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland.

Live-attenuated vaccines are currently contraindicated in solid-organ transplant recipients. However, the risk of vaccine-preventable infections is lifelong, and can be particularly severe after transplantation. In this prospective interventional national cohort study, 44 pediatric liver transplant recipients with measles IgG antibodies <150 IU/L (below seroprotection threshold) received measles-mumps-rubella vaccine (MMR) at a median of 6. Read More

Neuropediatrics 2018 Dec 30;49(6):379-384. Epub 2018 Aug 30.

Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.

Mutations in are associated with a heterogeneous clinical spectrum including epilepsy and autism. Here, we have identified a peculiar phenotype associated with vaccination related exacerbations of ataxia. We report the first family with three individuals affected by -associated episodic ataxia (EA) with impaired speech development. Read More

Sci Rep 2018 Aug 29;8(1):13021. Epub 2018 Aug 29.

Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infection Diseases, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China.

Maternal antibodies contribute to the protection of young infants from infectious diseases during the early life. However, vaccinations for women of child-bearing age are not routine in China. Therefore, we investigated the level of protective immunity against vaccine preventable diseases in pregnant women and newborns in China. Read More

Mikrobiyol Bul 2018 Jul;52(3):324-327

Istanbul University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Division of Virology and Basic Immunology, Istanbul, Turkey.

The protection of infants against infections during the first few months of life is provided mainly by maternal antibodies. The presence of maternal antibodies can decrease vaccine efficacy. The waning time of maternal antibodies shows variations therefore seroepidemiological studies are important for the development of vaccination schedules. Read More

BMC Infect Dis 2018 Aug 10;18(1):388. Epub 2018 Aug 10.

Department of Virology and Experimental Therapy, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation - FIOCRUZ, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego s/n, Recife, PE, 50740-465, Brazil.

Background: Zika virus (ZIKV) is a recently emerged arbovirus, which infection during pregnancy is associated with a series of congenital malformations, collectively denominated Congenital Zika Syndrome (CZS). Following infection, ZIKV RNA has a median duration period of 10 days in plasma and up to 6 months in semen in immunocompetent adult individuals. Moreover, ZIKV is able to replicate and persist in fetal brains and placentas, consequently, infection is associated with pregnancy loss, albeit the pathogenic mechanisms are still unknown. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2018 Jul 30;2018. Epub 2018 Jul 30.

Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.

We report a previously well paediatric patient with two distinct presentations of invasive group A streptococcus (GAS) infection resulting in significant morbidity. The first episode, following GAS pharyngitis, involved multiorgan dysfunction syndrome. This included cardiorespiratory and acute hepatorenal failure and purpura fulminans that eventually necessitated four-limb amputation. Read More

J Child Health Care 2018 Jan 1:1367493518786011. Epub 2018 Jan 1.

3 Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

The objective of this study was to describe how a sample of pediatricians were impacted by and responded to the Disneyland measles outbreak in the United States. We conducted three repeated cross-sectional, online surveys in 2014 (before the outbreak), 2015, and 2016 (after the outbreak) among members of three state chapters of the American Academy of Pediatrics. We assessed pediatricians' level of willingness and length of time comfortable delaying the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine before and after the outbreak. Read More

Open Forum Infect Dis 2018 Jun 2;5(6):ofy130. Epub 2018 Jun 2.

Department of Family Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York.

Background: Vaccination coverage among children entering kindergarten in the United States is high, but interstate variations exist. The relationship between state immunization laws and vaccination coverage has not been fully assessed. We evaluated associations of state laws on both measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) and diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis (DTaP) vaccination coverage and exemptions to school immunization requirements. Read More

J Hosp Infect 2018 Dec 11;100(4):e261-e263. Epub 2018 Jun 11.

Department of Epidemiologic Surveillance and Intervention, Hellenic Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Athens, Greece.

Ital J Pediatr 2018 Jun 14;44(1):67. Epub 2018 Jun 14.

Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, Pediatric and Infectious Diseases Unit, Rome, Italy.

Background: High rates of vaccination coverage are important in preventing infectious diseases. Enforcing mandatory vaccinations is one of the strategies that some Countries adopted to protect the community when vaccination coverage is not satisfactory. In Italy, in 2017 vaccination against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, hepatitis B, poliovirus, Haemophilus influenzae type b, measles, mumps, rubella and varicella became compulsory in childhood. Read More

Vaccine 2018 Jun 4. Epub 2018 Jun 4.

Pediatric Clinic, Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy. Electronic address:

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an acute, immune-mediated polyradiculoneuropathy. Infections and vaccines have been hypothesized to play a role in triggering GBS development. These beliefs can play a role in reducing vaccination coverage. Read More

J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 2018 May;7(2):93-99

Stanford University School of Medicine, California.

The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), a group of medical and public health experts, meets 3 times per year to develop recommendations for vaccine use in the United States. The group has 15 voting members, each of whom is appointed to a 4-year term. ACIP members and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) staff discuss the epidemiology of vaccine-preventable diseases and vaccine research, effectiveness, safety data, and clinical trial results. Read More

Clin Infect Dis 2018 Oct;67(9):1445-1449

Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor.

In 1882, at 19 months of age, Helen Keller developed a febrile illness that left her both deaf and blind. Historical biographies attribute the illness to rubella, scarlet fever, encephalitis, or meningitis. This analysis of her illness suggests she likely had bacterial meningitis, caused by Neisseria meningitidis or possibly Haemophilus influenzae. Read More

Scand J Rheumatol 2019 Jan 9;48(1):74-76. Epub 2018 May 9.

a Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases Unit, Second Department of Pediatrics, 'P and A Kyriakou' Children's Hospital, Medical School , National and Kapodestrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece.

Korean J Pediatr 2018 Apr 23;61(4):114-120. Epub 2018 Apr 23.

Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.

Purpose: Routine screening for toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus (CMV), and herpes simplex virus (TORCH) in intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and small for gestational age (SGA) neonates has become a common practice. However, the incidence of TORCH varies across countries, and the cost of TORCH testing may be disadvantageous compared to disease-specific screening. To evaluate the efficacy of TORCH screening, the medical charts of IUGR or SGA neonates born in a single institution in Bucheon, Korea from 2011 to 2015 were reviewed. Read More

Transpl Infect Dis 2018 Aug 7;20(4):e12903. Epub 2018 May 7.

Department of Pediatrics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.

Background: Revaccination after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is necessary to compensate for the loss of immunological memory. The aims of this study were to evaluate the adherence to revaccination schedule and the humoral immune response to different vaccine antigens in HSCT pediatric and young adult patients.

Methods: Patients submitted to HSCT for over 3 years were recruited. Read More

Pan Afr Med J 2017 9;28:218. Epub 2017 Nov 9.

Healthy Sciences University, Umraniye Training and Research Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Istanbul, Turkey.

Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome is a rare and potentially life-threatening idiosyncratic drug reaction. It presents with extensive rash, fever, lymphadenopathy, hematologic abnormalities (eosinophilia and/or atypical lymphocytosis) and internal organ involvement. It has been described in association with more than 50 drugs. Read More

Hum Vaccin Immunother 2018 14;14(8):1970-1976. Epub 2018 May 14.

d Eskisehir Osmangazi University Faculty of Medicine , Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit , Eskisehir , Turkey.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the age-appropriate immunization coverage in 366 children with chronic neurological disease (CND), to evaluate the use of vaccines not included in routine program, to evaluate serological tests for vaccine-preventable diseases and to describe the related factors in unvaccinated children. 95.6% of all children with had received age-appropriate vaccinations according to the actual National Immunization Program (NIP) during childhood. Read More

Saudi Med J 2018 Apr;39(4):347-353

Department of Pediatrics, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. E-mail.

Objectives: To assess vaccination timeliness, risk factors associated with delays and the reasons for delayed vaccinations among children below the age of 3 years in Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia during the period of May 2016 to August 2017. Data were obtained from parents of children under the age of 3 years using a structured questionnaire comprised of questions about sociodemographics, physical well-being of the child and the reasons that are used to justify delayed vaccinations. Read More

Vaccine 2018 04 22;36(17):2300-2306. Epub 2018 Mar 22.

Bristol Children's Vaccine Centre, University of Bristol, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol BS2 8AE, UK.

Aim: To evaluate the immunogenicity and safety of a reduced antigen diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis-inactivated poliovirus (dTap-IPV) vaccine (Boostrix-IPV, GSK) as a pre-school booster in 3-4 year old children as compared to dTap-IPV (Repevax, Sanofi Pasteur), when co-administered with mumps-measles-rubella vaccine (MMRV).

Methods: This phase III, open label, randomised study was conducted in the UK between April 2011 and April 2012. Children due their pre-school dTap-IPV booster vaccination were randomised 2:1 to receive one of two different dTap-IPV vaccines (dTap-IPV or dTap-IPV) with blood sample for immunogenicity assessment just prior and one month after vaccination. Read More

HIV Med 2018 07 24;19(6):426-429. Epub 2018 Mar 24.

Infectious Diseases Department, CHU Saint-Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.

Objectives: Measles infection is a vaccine-preventable disease currently resurging in Europe. HIV-infected subjects are at higher risk of complications following measles infection. We investigated the risk factors associated with being seronegative in a cohort of HIV-infected subjects. Read More

Epidemiol Infect 2018 04 22;146(6):741-746. Epub 2018 Mar 22.

National Health Service,Lothian,Directorate of Public Health and Health Policy,Edinburgh,UK.

In September 2016, an imported case of measles in Edinburgh in a university student resulted in a further 17 confirmed cases during October and November 2016. All cases were genotype D8 and were associated with a virus strain most commonly seen in South East Asia. Twelve of the 18 cases were staff or students at a university in Edinburgh and 17 cases had incomplete or unknown measles mumps rubella (MMR) vaccination status. Read More

BMC Infect Dis 2018 03 15;18(1):130. Epub 2018 Mar 15.

Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infection Diseases, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China.

Background: Rubella infection in pregnant women can result in serious effects, such as miscarriages, stillbirths, and congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). However, very little is known about the rubella seroprevalence among pregnant women in China.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional and hospital-based study. Read More

Nutr Clin Pract 2018 Oct 12;33(5):718-724. Epub 2018 Mar 12.

Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of intermittent parenteral copper supplementation (IPC) on serum copper status and biochemical and hematological measures of copper toxicity and deficiency in premature infants with parenteral nutrition (PN)-associated cholestasis (PNAC). We performed a prospective nested observational study in premature infants with PNAC who received IPC after the development of PNAC. Infants with chromosomal disorders, TORCH (toxoplasmosis, parvovirus, syphilis, rubella, cytomegalovirus, herpes, human immunodeficiency virus) infection, metabolic disorder, and/or surgical abnormality of the hepatobiliary system were excluded. Read More

Indian J Public Health 2018 Jan-Mar;62(1):52-54

Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.

Congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) is one of the most devastating congenital infections and yet the only one which is vaccine preventable and is a public health challenge for clinicians and policymakers across the developing world including India. The clinical manifestations of CRS include growth retardation, cardiac defects, cataracts, and hearing impairment. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that worldwide over 100,000 babies are born with CRS every year despite the availability of safe and inexpensive vaccines, thus highlighting the need for broader vaccination coverage programs. Read More

J Pediatr 2018 05 28;196:217-222.e1. Epub 2018 Feb 28.

Department of Pediatrics, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan.

Objective: To conduct a prospective study to evaluate the immunogenicity and safety of live attenuated vaccines in patients with nephrotic syndrome receiving immunosuppressive agents.

Study Design: Patients with nephrotic syndrome receiving immunosuppressive agents with negative or borderline antibody titers (virus-specific IgG levels <4.0) against measles, rubella, varicella, and/or mumps fulfilling the criteria of cellular and humoral immunity were enrolled. Read More

Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2018 Apr 13;27(4):405-412. Epub 2018 Feb 13.

Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Brigham and Women's Hospital; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.

Purpose: The need to develop methods for studying the safety of childhood immunization schedules has been recognized by the Institute of Medicine and Department of Health and Human Services. The recommended childhood immunization schedule includes multiple vaccines in a visit. A key concern is safety of concomitant (same day) versus separate day vaccination. Read More

Indian Pediatr 2018 May 9;55(5):405-407. Epub 2018 Feb 9.

Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatric Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.

Objective: To find out seropositivity rates at 4-6 and 9-12 years of age; among those who received one-dose measles at 9 months and one-dose MMR at 15 months of age.

Methods: 80 healthy children (53 males) at 4-6 or 9-12 years of age, attending outpatient department for vaccination were enrolled. Antibody titers were estimated using commercially available quantitative-IgG ELISA kits. Read More

N Engl J Med 2018 Feb;378(6):564-572

From the Departments of Pediatrics and Infection Prevention, Yale New Haven Children's Hospital, and the Departments of Pediatrics and Epidemiology, Yale School of Medicine and Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT (R.S.B.); the Departments of Radiology (K.N.), Pediatrics (K.A.S., V.M.P.), and Pathology (V.M.P.), Massachusetts General Hospital, and the Departments of Radiology (K.N.), Pediatrics (K.A.S.), and Pathology (V.M.P.), Harvard Medical School - both in Boston; and the Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.A.P.).