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Methods Mol Biol 2019 ;1903:73-95

Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.

Conventional drug discovery in general is costly and time-consuming with extremely low success and relatively high attrition rates. The disparity between high cost of drug discovery and vast unmet medical needs resulted in advent of an increasing number of computational approaches that can "connect" disease with a candidate therapeutic. This includes computational drug repurposing or repositioning wherein the goal is to discover a new indication for an approved drug. Read More

Indian J Pediatr 2018 Dec 13. Epub 2018 Dec 13.

Department of Neonatology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, 605006, India.

Objective: To study the incidence, clinical risk factors and outcome of thrombotic events in pediatric age group of 1 mo-12 y.

Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in a tertiary care institute from September 2015 through October 2017. Forty nine children with thrombosis from 1 mo-12 y were enrolled. Read More

Indian J Pediatr 2018 Dec 13. Epub 2018 Dec 13.

Department of Pediatrics, Tata Motors Hospital, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India.

Indian J Pediatr 2018 Dec 13. Epub 2018 Dec 13.

Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Newborn Health Knowledge Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India.

Objective: To evaluate the feeding performance of infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) on paladai.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed in a level III neonatal unit in North India from March through August 2012. Nineteen infants (27-32 wk of gestation) were enrolled; 9 in BPD group (oxygen requirement for at least 28 d) and 10 in 'No BPD' group. Read More

Indian J Pediatr 2018 Dec 13. Epub 2018 Dec 13.

Department of Pediatrics, Nalanda Medical College, Patna, 800013, India.

Int J Hematol 2018 Dec 13. Epub 2018 Dec 13.

Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec 2, Shih-Pai Road, Taipei, 112, Taiwan.

Subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma (SPTL) is a rare form of cytotoxic T-cell lymphoma. It is believed that SPTL in patients without hemophagocytic syndrome (HPS) follows an indolent course; in contrast, SPTL in patients with HPS has been associated with unfavorable survival. To provide more clinical data on SPTL in Asian populations and to identify optimal therapeutic strategies for SPTL, we assessed the clinicopathological features and long-term follow-up data of 10 Taiwanese SPTL patients diagnosed at a single center. Read More

Paediatr Drugs 2018 Dec 13. Epub 2018 Dec 13.

Division of Rheumatology, Children's Mercy Kansas City, 2401 Gillham Road, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA.

Background: Arthropathy of Down syndrome (DA) is largely under-recognized, with an average 2-year delay in diagnosis. Most patients present with polyarthritis, and treatment has historically been challenging.

Objectives: Our objective was to investigate the clinical features and treatment of DA in the largest cohort reported to date. Read More

J Clin Immunol 2018 Dec 13. Epub 2018 Dec 13.

Paediatric Immunology Unit, Department of Paediatric Pulmonology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hanover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.

Studies of chest computed tomography (CT) in patients with primary antibody deficiency syndromes (ADS) suggest a broad range of bronchial pathology. However, there are as yet no multicentre studies to assess the variety of bronchial pathology in this patient group. One of the underlying reasons is the lack of a consensus methodology, a prerequisite to jointly document chest CT findings. Read More

Forensic Sci Med Pathol 2018 Dec 13. Epub 2018 Dec 13.

Pediatrics, NYU School of Medicine, 450 E 29th Street, ACLS 824, New York, NY, 10016, USA.

Determining the cause of unexplained death in all age groups, including infants, is a priority in forensic medicine. The triple risk model proposed for sudden infant death syndrome involves the intersection of three risks: (1) a critical developmental period in homeostatic control (2), exogenous stressors, and (3) a vulnerable infant. Even though sex and age factor into some forms of inherited arrhythmogenic deaths in young individuals and adults, more appropriate a dual-risk disease model for adults involves exogenous stressors and a vulnerable individual. Read More

J Abnorm Child Psychol 2018 Dec 13. Epub 2018 Dec 13.

Department of Pediatrics, Center for Advancement of Youth, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA.

Inhibition is a key neurocognitive domain in ADHD that is commonly assessed with the stop-signal task. The stop-signal involves both "go" and "stop" trials; previous research indicates that response times are reliably slower to "go" trials during tasks with vs. without intermittent "stop" trials. Read More

J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2018 Dec 13. Epub 2018 Dec 13.

Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, West Virginia University School of Public Health, 64 Medical Center Drive, P.O. Box 9190, Morgantown, WV, 26506-9190, USA.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) disproportionately affects non-Hispanic blacks (NHB) in the United States (U.S.). Read More

Pediatr Cardiol 2018 Dec 13. Epub 2018 Dec 13.

Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Cardiology, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St, LLCI 302, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.

The objective of this study is to identify fetal echocardiographic measures that predict postnatal coarctation of the aorta (CoA). A retrospective review of patients from 2013 to 2017 identified 13 cases of prenatal diagnosis of CoA confirmed postnatally and 14 cases of prenatal diagnosis of CoA with normal arches postnatally. There were 30 controls. Read More

Pediatr Cardiol 2018 Dec 13. Epub 2018 Dec 13.

Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital, Vanderbilt University, 2200 Children's Way, Suite 5230 DOT, Nashville, TN, 37232-9119, USA.

Right ventricular (RV) failure is a potentially fatal complication following heart transplantation (HTx). Inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) is a selective pulmonary vasodilator that is used to decrease pulmonary vascular resistance immediately post-HTx to reduce the risk of RV failure. The aim of this study was to describe utilization patterns, costs, and outcomes associated with post-transplant iNO use in children. Read More

Eur Radiol 2018 Dec 13. Epub 2018 Dec 13.

Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.

Objectives: Increasing awareness of potential side effects from gadolinium-based contrast agents has underlined the need for contrast-free magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Numerous recent articles evaluated the risk of potential brain deposits, with the result that research is putting the focus more on alternative unenhanced imaging techniques. The aim of this study was to determine the need for contrast media for chest MRI in primary staging and follow-up care of lymphoma. Read More

eNeurologicalSci 2018 Dec 21;13:56-62. Epub 2017 Dec 21.

Strong Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, University of Rochester, 265 Crittenden Blvd, CU420694, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.

Background And Purpose: Stigma hinders care for patients with neurologic illness. Layered stigma due to comorbid disease is common yet poorly characterized due to lack of instruments. Epilepsy and HIV are prototypical stigmatized conditions widespread in sub-Saharan Africa. Read More

Glob Pediatr Health 2018 4;5:2333794X18817134. Epub 2018 Dec 4.

East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA.

Family-based interventions are the current standard for the treatment of pediatric obesity, yet the details of how providers are involving family members, and the barriers to family involvement, are largely unknown. The objective of this study is to describe how providers in pediatric weight management (PWM) involve family members, identify barriers to family involvement, and how they address challenging family dynamics. A cross-sectional survey was administered to PWM centers/clinics and their providers in the United States and Canada. Read More

Bio Protoc 2018 Nov;8(21)

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, USA.

Sendai virus (SeV) is an enveloped, single-stranded RNA virus of the family . SeV is a useful tool to study its infectious pathomechanism in immunology and the pathomechanism of a murine model of IgA nephropathy. Virus quantification is essential not only to determine the original viral titers for an appropriate application, but also to measure the viral titers in samples from the harvests from experiments. Read More

J Clin Transl Endocrinol 2019 Mar 30;15:30-34. Epub 2018 Nov 30.

Department of Pediatrics/Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, Children's of Alabama, University of Alabama at Birmingham, CPPII M30, 1601 4th Ave S, Birmingham, AL 35233, United States.

Aim: Significant knowledge gaps exist regarding lipoprotein profiles in children with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The primary objective was to analyze the type and nature of lipoprotein abnormalities present in children with T2DM and to identify determinants of adverse lipoprotein profiles. The secondary objective was to assess associations with elevated glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C), i. Read More

Oncoimmunology 2019 11;8(1):e1512455. Epub 2018 Oct 11.

Department of Pediatrics, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA.

Pediatric and adult patients with recurrent/refractory Burkitt lymphoma (BL) continue to have poor outcomes, emphasizing the need for newer therapeutic agents. Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) is activated following B-cell receptor stimulation and in part regulates normal B-cell development. Ibrutinib, a selective and irreversible BTK inhibitor, has been efficacious in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), Waldenström's macroglobulinemia, and marginal zone lymphoma. Read More

Oncotarget 2018 Nov 16;9(90):36202-36219. Epub 2018 Nov 16.

Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.

In previous studies, we found that 2'-hydroxyflavonone (2HF), a citrus flavonoid, inhibits the growth of renal cell carcinoma in a VHL-dependent manner. This was associated with the inhibition of glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), the first step enzyme of the mercapturic acid pathway that catalyzes formation of glutathione-electrophile conjugates (GS-E). We studied 2HF in small cell (SCLC) and non-small cell (NSCLC) lung cancer cell lines for sensitivity to 2HF antineoplastic activity and to determine the role of the GS-E transporter Rlip (Ral-interacting protein; RLIP76; RALBP1) in the mechanism of action of 2HF. Read More

Exp Ther Med 2018 Dec 19;16(6):5272-5279. Epub 2018 Oct 19.

Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610106, P.R. China.

The dysfunction of beta cells serves an important role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). An improved understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying beta cell mass and failure will be useful for identifying novel approaches toward preventing and treating this disease. Recent studies have indicated that free fatty acids (FFAs) can cause beta cell dysfunction. Read More

Exp Ther Med 2018 Dec 17;16(6):5025-5030. Epub 2018 Oct 17.

The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161000, P.R. China.

Levels of D-dimer and interferon-γ (INF-γ) in pediatric patients with pneumonia (MPP) were assessed to explore its clinical implication in evaluating the disease severity and patients' prognosis. Enrolled in this study as subjects were 185 pediatric patients with MPP who were admitted to the Department of Pediatrics of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University and the First Hospital of Qiqihar City from January 2017 to October 2017 and 115 healthy children who underwent physical examination during the same time period. Patients were divided into two groups according to the severity of their pneumonia: Severe pneumonia group with 95 patients and mild pneumonia group with 90 patients. Read More

Front Genet 2018 28;9:560. Epub 2018 Nov 28.

Research Group of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou, Greece.

Genetic polymorphisms in β-, β- and β-adrenergic receptors (β-ARs) have been associated with chronic non-communicable disorders, such as cardiovascular diseases, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and obesity, as well as β-agonists and antagonists response and toxicity. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency distribution of genetic variants Ser49Gly and Arg389Gly, variants Gly16Arg and Gln27Glu, variant Trp64Arg in a Southeastern European Caucasian (SEC) population sample and to establish a comparison with existing data from other human populations. A sample of 431 men and 590 women volunteered to participate in this genotyping analysis after anonymization and de-identification. Read More

Front Immunol 2018 28;9:2809. Epub 2018 Nov 28.

Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, United States.

In cancer, immune exhaustion contributes to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Exhausted immune cells demonstrate poor effector function and sustained expression of certain immunomodulatory receptors, which can be therapeutically targeted. CD244 is a Signaling Lymphocyte Activation Molecule (SLAM) family immunoregulatory receptor found on many immune cell types-including NK cells, a subset of T cells, DCs, and MDSCs-that represents a potential therapeutic target. Read More

Front Pharmacol 2018 28;9:1330. Epub 2018 Nov 28.

Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia.

Antimicrobial-resistant microbes are an increasing threat to human health. In cystic fibrosis (CF), airway infections with remain a key driver of lung damage. With few new antibiotics on the development horizon, alternative therapeutic approaches are needed against antimicrobial-resistant pathogens. Read More

J Korean Med Sci 2018 Dec 12;33(51):e340. Epub 2018 Dec 12.

Department of Pediatrics, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Background: Various pneumococcal vaccines have been evaluated for immunogenicity by opsonophagocytic assay (OPA). A multiplexed OPA (MOPA) for 13 pneumococcal serotypes was developed by Nahm and Burton, and expanded to 26 serotypes in 2012. The development of new conjugate vaccines with increased valence has necessitated expanded MOPAs to include these additional serotypes. Read More

J Korean Med Sci 2018 Dec 26;33(51):e329. Epub 2018 Nov 26.

Department of Pediatrics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Ajou University Hospital, Suwon, Korea.

Background: Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is routinely performed to identify brain lesions in girls with central precocious puberty (CPP). We aimed to investigate the prevalence and type of brain lesions among Korean girls with CPP and evaluate the need for routine brain MRI examinations.

Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study evaluated data on 3,528 girls diagnosed with CPP from April 2003 to December 2016, and identified 317 girls who underwent sellar MRI. Read More

J Korean Med Sci 2018 Dec 22;33(51):e324. Epub 2018 Nov 22.

Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Oxysterol 7α-hydroxylase deficiency is a very rare liver disease categorized as inborn errors of bile acid synthesis, caused by mutations. As it may cause rapid progression to end-stage liver disease even in early infancy, a high index of suspicion is required to prevent fatal outcomes. We describe the case of a 3-month-old boy with progressive cholestatic hepatitis and severe hepatic fibrosis. Read More

Int J Obes (Lond) 2018 Dec 13. Epub 2018 Dec 13.

Institute for Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.

Objective: To determine if overweight or obesity in preschool-age children is associated with mental health service utilization in later childhood.

Subjects: Overall, 10,522 children 2 to <5 years, with no previous history of mental health service utilization, were identified from primary care electronic medical records (EMRs) across Ontario, Canada.

Methods: This was a retrospective longitudinal cohort study. Read More

Sci Rep 2018 Dec 13;8(1):17834. Epub 2018 Dec 13.

Department of Paediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. Next to progressive airway disease, CF is also associated with intestinal inflammation and dysbiosis. Ivacaftor, a CFTR potentiator, has improved pulmonary and nutritional status but its effects on the intestinal microbiota and inflammation are unclear. Read More

Genet Med 2018 Dec 14. Epub 2018 Dec 14.

Departments of Molecular and Medical Genetics and Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.

Purpose: Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a rare metabolic disorder that requires life-long management to reduce phenylalanine (Phe) concentrations within the recommended range. The availability of pegvaliase (PALYNZIQ™, an enzyme that can metabolize Phe) as a new therapy necessitates the provision of guidance for its use.

Methods: A Steering Committee comprising 17 health-care professionals with experience in using pegvaliase through the clinical development program drafted guidance statements during a series of face-to-face meetings. Read More

Bone Marrow Transplant 2018 Dec 13. Epub 2018 Dec 13.

Division of Hematology/Oncology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.

We analyzed CIBMTR data to evaluate the incidence of non-relapse mortality (NRM) and association with overall survival (OS) for bacterial blood stream infections (BSIs) occurring within 100 days of alloHCT in 2 different phases: pre-/peri-engraftment (BSI very early phase, BSI-VEP) and BSI post-engraftment (BSI occurring between 2 weeks after engraftment and day 100, late early phase, BSI-LEP). Of the 7128 alloHCT patients, 2656 (37%) had ≥1 BSI by day 100. BSI-VEP, BSI-LEP, and BSI-Both constituted 56% (n = 1492), 31% (n = 824), and 13% (n = 340) of total BSI, respectively. Read More

Eur Respir J 2018 Dec 13. Epub 2018 Dec 13.

Cardiovascular Institute, Dept of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.

Clinical and translational research has played a major role in advancing our understanding of pulmonary hypertension (PH), including pulmonary arterial hypertension and other forms of PH with severe vascular remodelling ( chronic thromboembolic PH and pulmonary veno-occlusive disease). However, PH remains an incurable condition with a high mortality rate, underscoring the need for a better transfer of novel scientific knowledge into healthcare interventions. Herein, we review recent findings in pathology (with the questioning of the strict morphological categorisation of various forms of PH into pre- or post-capillary involvement of pulmonary vessels) and cellular mechanisms contributing to the onset and progression of pulmonary vascular remodelling associated with various forms of PH. Read More

Development 2018 Dec 13;145(24). Epub 2018 Dec 13.

Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA

Micronutrition is essential for neural tube closure, and zinc deficiency is associated with human neural tube defects. Here, we modeled zinc deficiency in mouse embryos, and used live imaging and molecular studies to determine how zinc deficiency affects neural tube closure. Embryos cultured with the zinc chelator TPEN failed to close the neural tube and showed excess apoptosis. Read More

Haematologica 2018 Dec 13. Epub 2018 Dec 13.

Department of Pediatrics, Children Hospital of Philadelphia.

With modern chemotherapy, approximately 90% of patients with pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia are now cured. However, subsets of patients can be identified who remain at very high risk of relapse with expected 4-year disease-free survival <80% and are appropriate candidates for intensive therapeutic strategies designed to improve survival. AALL1131 aimed to determine, in a randomized fashion, if the substitution with cyclophosphamide/etoposide (Experimental Arm 1) would improve the 4-year disease-free survival of children, adolescents, and young adults with very high-risk B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia compared to a modified Berlin-Frankfurt-Munster regimen (Control Arm). Read More

Science 2018 Dec;362(6420):1306-1309

Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.

Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies protect against helminth infections but can also cause life-threatening allergic reactions. Despite their role in human health, the cells that produce these antibodies are rarely observed and remain enigmatic. We isolated single IgE B cells from individuals with food allergies and used single-cell RNA sequencing to elucidate the gene expression and splicing patterns unique to these cells. Read More

Science 2018 Dec;362(6420)

Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.

Despite progress in defining genetic risk for psychiatric disorders, their molecular mechanisms remain elusive. Addressing this, the PsychENCODE Consortium has generated a comprehensive online resource for the adult brain across 1866 individuals. The PsychENCODE resource contains ~79,000 brain-active enhancers, sets of Hi-C linkages, and topologically associating domains; single-cell expression profiles for many cell types; expression quantitative-trait loci (QTLs); and further QTLs associated with chromatin, splicing, and cell-type proportions. Read More

Pediatrics 2018 Dec 13. Epub 2018 Dec 13.

Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; and

A healthy 17-year-old boy with a high-functioning pervasive developmental disorder presented to the emergency department after having a 4-minute episode of seizure-like activity in the setting of presumed viral gastroenteritis. Within an hour of emergency department arrival, he developed a forehead-sparing facial droop, right-sided ptosis, and expressive aphasia, prompting stroke team assessment and urgent neuroimaging. Laboratory results later revealed a serum sodium of 119 mmol/L. Read More

Early Hum Dev 2018 Dec 10. Epub 2018 Dec 10.

Academic Department of Paediatrics, Mater Dei Hospital, Malta. Electronic address:

As an experienced writer, one is often asked the question "what can I publish" by younger and inexperienced colleagues who must publish. This paper will briefly review the reasons why academics publish and will then outline what kind of papers one may be able to publish with relative ease, using personal experience and citing first hand material as a practical guide. Potential authors must cultivate "a lean and hungry look" as competition from fellow writers is stiff, and editors are choosy. Read More

Am J Kidney Dis 2018 Dec 10. Epub 2018 Dec 10.

Montreal Children's Hospital of the McGill University Health Centre; and Departments of Pediatrics and Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Electronic address:

Womens Health Issues 2018 Nov 24. Epub 2018 Nov 24.

Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC. Electronic address:

Background: We sought to determine whether gender disparities exist in the prehospital management of chest pain (CP) or out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) among patients who accessed the emergency medical services (EMS) system.

Methods: We obtained 2010-2013 data from the National Emergency Medical Services Information System and identified all EMS activations for CP or OHCA by adults 40 years of age or older. We selected American Heart Association medications and procedures to manage cardiovascular events. Read More

Neuroimage Clin 2018 Dec 3. Epub 2018 Dec 3.

Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. Electronic address:

Survivors of preterm birth experience long-lasting behavioral problems characterized by increased risk of depression, anxiety, and impairments in social functioning. The amygdala is a key region for social functioning and alterations in amygdala structure and connectivity are thought to underlie social functioning deficits in many disorders, including preterm birth. However, functional connectivity of the amygdala and its association with social impairments is not well-studied in preterm participants (PTs). Read More

Acad Radiol 2018 Dec 10. Epub 2018 Dec 10.

Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109. Electronic address:

Rationale And Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess variability in quantitative air trapping (QAT) measurements derived from spatially aligned expiration CT scans.

Materials And Methods: Sixty-four paired CT examinations, from 16 school-age cystic fibrosis subjects examined at four separate time intervals, were used in this study. For each pair, visually inspected lobe segmentation maps were generated and expiration CT data were registered to the inspiration CT frame. Read More

Clin Nutr 2018 Nov 30. Epub 2018 Nov 30.

Professor of Pediatrics and Consultant of Pediatric Clinical Nutrition, Children`s Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt. Electronic address:

J Pediatr 2018 Dec 10. Epub 2018 Dec 10.

Kentucky Department of Medicaid Services, Frankfort, KY, USA.

Objectives: To describe trends in the diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and prescribing of stimulants in preschool-age children receiving Medicaid and to identify factors associated with the receipt of psychosocial care.

Study Design: Data were extracted from 2012-2016 Kentucky Medicaid claims for children aged <6 years. ADHD was identified using International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision codes F90. Read More

J Pediatr 2018 Dec 10. Epub 2018 Dec 10.

Christchurch Health and Development Study, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.

Objective: To assess the physical well-being and components of the metabolic syndrome in a national cohort of very low birth weight (VLBW) young adults and same age controls.

Study Design: The New Zealand VLBW Study cohort prospectively included all infants with birth weight <1500 g born in 1986, with 338 (82%) surviving to discharge home. Height and weight were measured at age 7-8 years. Read More

J Pediatr 2018 Dec 10. Epub 2018 Dec 10.

Division of General Academic Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA.

Objective: To develop a parent-reported Pediatric Rhinosinusitis Symptom Scale (PRSS) that could be used to monitor symptoms of young children with acute sinusitis in response to therapy.

Study Design: We developed an 8-item symptom severity scale and evaluated its internal reliability, construct validity, and responsiveness in children 2-12 years of age with acute sinusitis. Parents of 258 children with acute sinusitis completed the PRSS at the time of diagnosis, as a diary at home, and at the follow-up visit at days 10-12. Read More

Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2018 Dec;57(6):897-898

Trakya University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Perinatology, Turkey.

Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2018 Dec;57(6):885-889

Taiji Clinic, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address:

Objective: To present an accurate prenatal diagnosis of coarctation of the aorta with ventricular septal defect and to illustrate how early diagnosis in prenatal period with proper referral and counseling can optimize management.

Case Report: A case with coarctation of the aorta with ventricle septal defect was found to have an abnormal three vessel view at 12 weeks, and with close follow-ups, coarctation of the aorta with ventricle septal defect was diagnosed at 24 weeks. Following the support from a multidisciplinary team that provided counseling, diagnosis, and follow-ups, the pregnant woman decided to continue with the pregnancy and had a vaginal delivery at a medical center. Read More