Search Our Scientific Publications & Authors

J Perinat Med 2019 Feb 21. Epub 2019 Feb 21.

Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Cairo University Children's Hospital, Cairo, Egypt.

Background The pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) includes arrest of alveolar septation and enhanced fibrosis. We hypothesized that mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in tracheal aspirates of mechanically ventilated premature infants differ in BPD and non-BPD infants. Methods Tracheal aspirates were collected during the first week of life. Read More

BMJ Open 2019 Jan 17;9(1):e024687. Epub 2019 Jan 17.

Department of Health Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Chuo City, Japan.

Objective: To calculate the incidence of hospitalisation due to acute respiratory failure, pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), febrile seizures and encephalitis/encephalopathy among influenza-positive patients in Japan, where point-of-care tests are routinely used to diagnose influenza.

Design: A cross-sectional study using routinely collected data.

Setting: Japanese clinics and hospitals between 2012 and 2016. Read More

Pediatr Res 2019 Feb 19. Epub 2019 Feb 19.

Royal Jubilee Maternity Hospital, Belfast, UK.

Our aim is to develop consensus recommendations from United Kingdom (UK) neonatal specialists on the use of surfactant for the management of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in preterm infants. Read More

Pediatr Res 2019 Feb 15. Epub 2019 Feb 15.

Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.

Background: Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy complication characterized by an anti-angiogenic environment. This can affect fetal pulmonary vascular and alveolar development but data of the impact of PE on respiratory outcome in extremely premature infants are inconclusive. The objective of this study was to determine if PE is associated with an increased risk for severe respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in extremely premature infants. Read More

Front Pediatr 2019 29;7. Epub 2019 Jan 29.

Department of Anesthesiology Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.

To determine if increasing positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) leads to a change in cardiac index in children with Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ranging from mild to severe. Prospective interventional study. Multidisciplinary Pediatric Intensive Care Unit in a University teaching hospital. Read More

Korean J Pediatr 2019 Feb 8. Epub 2019 Feb 8.

Department of Pediatrics, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan , Korea.

After the first successful trial of surfactant replacement therapy for preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) by Fujiwara in 1980, several animal-derived natural surfactants and synthetic surfactants have been developed. Synthetic surfactants were made to overcome limitations of natural surfactants such as expensiveness, immune reactions, and infections due to animal proteins contained in natural surfactants. However, first-generation synthetic surfactants that are protein-free have failed to prove superiority over natural surfactants because they do not have surfactant protein (SP). Read More

J Clin Med 2019 Feb 10;8(2). Epub 2019 Feb 10.

School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, Xinzhuang Dist., New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan (R.O.C).

Since the clinical benefit of lung recruitment maneuvers (LRMs) is still conflicting, we performed this prospective, randomized, controlled study to investigate whether LRMs should be used in the routine management of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). This trial was conducted in four intensive care units (ICUs) to compare application of a modified stepwise LRMs with solely lung-protective ventilation in patients with moderate to severe ARDS within 72 h from the onset. The primary outcome was 28-day mortality, and the secondary outcomes were ventilator-free days and ICU-free days. Read More

Respir Res 2019 Feb 6;20(1):28. Epub 2019 Feb 6.

Division of Pediatrics and Neonatal Critical Care, Medical Center "A. Béclère", South Paris University Hospitals, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP) , Paris, France.

Background: Bovine surfactants are known to be clinically equivalent but it is unclear if porcine or bovine surfactants at their licensed dose should be preferred to treat respiratory distress syndrome in preterm neonates.

Methods: We performed a comprehensive review of biochemical and pharmacological features of surfactants to understand the biological plausibility of any clinical effect. We then performed a pragmatic meta-analysis comparing internationally marketed porcine and bovine surfactants for mortality and respiratory outcomes. Read More

Circ J 2019 Feb 7. Epub 2019 Feb 7.

Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University.

Background: Antenatal betamethasone (BMZ) is a standard therapy for reducing respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants. Recently, some reports have indicated that BMZ promotes ductus arteriosus (DA) closure. DA closure requires morphological remodeling; that is, intimal thickening (IT) formation; however, the role of BMZ in IT formation has not yet been reported. Read More

Front Pediatr 2018 22;6:436. Epub 2019 Jan 22.

Department of Neonatology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.

High frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) is considered a lung protective ventilation mode in preterm infants only if lung volume is optimized. However, whilst a "high lung volume strategy" is advocated for HFOV in preterm infants this strategy is not precisely defined. It is not known to what extent lung recruitment should be pursued to provide lung protection. Read More

Pediatr Crit Care Med 2019 Feb;20(2):204-205

Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA Department of Pediatrics and Public Health Sciences, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA.

Clin Infect Dis 2019 Feb 2. Epub 2019 Feb 2.

The Joint Center for Infection and Immunity: a. Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China; b. Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.

We identified, for the first time, the presence of small circular single stranded Gemykibivirus (GkV) genome from the respiratory tract of an elderly woman with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome using metagenomics analysis. Our results suggest that further studies on whether GkVs infect humans and cause respiratory disease are needed. Read More

Am J Perinatol 2019 Jan 31. Epub 2019 Jan 31.

Department of Pediatrics, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan.

To date, few studies have investigated whether perinatal factors affect coagulation parameters at birth in preterm and term neonates. We retrospectively investigated coagulation factors on day 1 in 609 consecutive neonates admitted to our neonatal intensive care unit between January 2010 and December 2017. We measured coagulation factors on day 1 using peripheral blood samples. Read More

Case Rep Pediatr 2018 30;2018:4549060. Epub 2018 Dec 30.

Department of Pathology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Complications due to spontaneous septostomy of the dividing membrane in monochorionic diamniotic pregnancies are rarely described. Herein, we report the case of a preterm female neonate from a monochorionic diamniotic twin pregnancy delivered by caesarean section at 32 weeks of gestation. She was born with a broad band of a transparent membrane-like material firmly attached to her lower abdomen. Read More

Pediatr Crit Care Med 2019 Jan 21. Epub 2019 Jan 21.

Division of Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Benioff Children's Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.

Objectives: As acute kidney injury and elevated cumulative fluid balance commonly co-occur in pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome, we aimed to identify risk factors for their development and evaluate their independent relationships with mortality. We hypothesized that acute kidney injury and elevated cumulative fluid balance would be associated with markers of inflammation and that children with elevated cumulative fluid balance and concomitant acute kidney injury would have worse outcomes than other children.

Design: Prospective observational study using the pediatric Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss, End-Stage acute kidney injury classification. Read More

Am J Perinatol 2019 Jan 21. Epub 2019 Jan 21.

Community Health Sciences, Institute of Public Health, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.

Objective:  This article identifies the prevalence and associated factors of hypophosphatemia (HP) in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants in the first week of life.

Study Design:  Prospective exploratory cohort study of 106 consecutive VLBW infants admitted to neonatal intensive care at Foothills Hospital, Calgary, Canada. HP was defined as at least one measurement of serum phosphate < 1. Read More

Pediatr Pulmonol 2019 Jan 20. Epub 2019 Jan 20.

Division of Neonatology, Maimonides Infants and Children's Hospital, Brooklyn, New York.

Background: The management practices of Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS) in the newborn have changed over time. We examine the trends in the epidemiology, resource utilization, and outcomes (mortality and bronchopulmonary dysplasia [BPD]) of RDS in preterm neonates ≤34 weeks gestational age (GA) in the United States.

Methods: In this retrospective serial cross-sectional study, we used ICD-9 codes to classify preterm infants GA ≤34 weeks between 2003 and 2014 from the National Inpatient Sample as having RDS or not. Read More

Ann Intensive Care 2019 Jan 18;9(1). Epub 2019 Jan 18.

Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric Critical Care Medicine, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Huispost CA 80, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands.

Background: High-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) is a common but unproven management strategy in paediatric critical care. Oscillator settings have been traditionally guided by patient age and/or weight rather than by lung mechanics, thereby potentially negating any beneficial effects. We have adopted an open-lung HFOV strategy based on a corner frequency approach using an initial incremental-decremental mean airway pressure titration manoeuvre, a high frequency (8-15 Hz), and high power to initially target a proximal pressure amplitude (∆P) of 70-90 cm HO, irrespective of age or weight. Read More

J Hum Genet 2019 Jan 18. Epub 2019 Jan 18.

United Diagnostic and Research Center for Clinical Genetics, School of Public Health of Xiamen University & Xiamen Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Xiamen, Fujian, 361003, China.

COQ4 mutations have recently been shown to cause a broad spectrum of mitochondrial disorders in association with CoQ10 deficiency. Herein, we report the clinical phenotype, in silico and biochemical analyses, and intervention for a novel c.370 G > A (p. Read More

Cureus 2018 Oct 25;10(10):e3495. Epub 2018 Oct 25.

Neonatology and Pediatrics, International Modern Hospital, Dubai, ARE.

Minimally invasive surfactant therapy (MIST) in neonates without intubation has in recent times become an accepted standard in the neonatal intensive care units (NICU) especially in Europe. We have adapted this novel technique in our clinical practice in the neonatal intensive care units in Dubai since 2018. Herein we report the successful outcome of implementation of this technique in three of our neonates of gestation/weight, 28/1. Read More

J Obstet Gynaecol Can 2019 Jan 12. Epub 2019 Jan 12.

Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON. Electronic address:

Objective: This study sought to determine the incidence and severity of respiratory morbidity among late preterm and term babies born by elective Caesarean section (CS) in London, Ontario.

Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted of all elective CSs performed at or beyond 36+0 weeks gestation from June 2010 to June 2014 at London Health Sciences Centre and St. Joseph's Health Care (Canadian Task Force Classification II-2). Read More

Pediatr Crit Care Med 2019 Jan 11. Epub 2019 Jan 11.

Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.

Objectives: The impact of tidal volume on outcomes in mechanically ventilated children with pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome remains unclear. To date, observational investigations have failed to calculate tidal volume based on standardized corrections of weight. We investigated the impact of tidal volume on mortality and probability of extubation in pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome using ideal body weight-adjusted tidal volume. Read More

Neurology 2019 Feb 11;92(6):e587-e593. Epub 2019 Jan 11.

From the Murdoch Children's Research Institute (G.H., C.S.), Parkville, Melbourne; Institute for Molecular Bioscience (G.H., J.C., C.S.), the University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Neurology Division (S.S., B.P., P.J.), Department of Pediatrics, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, India; Division of Neurology (P.J.), Department of Pediatrics, the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Data61 (S.J.B.), Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Brisbane, Australia; Hôpital Marin (J.A.U.), Centre Neuromusculaire, Filnemus, Hendaye, France; Department of Pathology (R.K.S.), G.B. Pant Hospital, New Delhi, India; Illumina, Inc. (R.J.T.), San Diego, CA; Department of Child Neurology (M.S.v.d.K.), Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and Amsterdam Neuroscience; and Department of Functional Genomics (M.S.v.d.K.), Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

Objective: To determine the molecular etiology of disease in 4 individuals from 2 unrelated families who presented with proximal muscle weakness and features suggestive of mitochondrial disease.

Methods: Clinical information and neuroimaging were reviewed. Genome sequencing was performed on affected individuals and biological parents. Read More

J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2019 Jan 10. Epub 2019 Jan 10.

Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.

Background: Improved understanding of the relationship between patient age and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) development and mortality following traumatic injury may help facilitate generation of new hypotheses about ARDS pathophysiology and the role of novel treatments to improve outcomes across the age spectrum.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of trauma patients included in the National Trauma Data Bank who were admitted to an intensive care unit from 2007-2016. We determined ARDS incidence and mortality across eight age groups for the entire 10-year study period and by year. Read More

J Thorac Dis 2018 Nov;10(Suppl 33):S4085-S4087

Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Metro Health Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.

Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2019 Mar 10;316(3):L418-L427. Epub 2019 Jan 10.

Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky.

We previously showed that mice deficient in apoptosis signal-regulating kinase-1 (ASK1) were partially protected against ventilator-induced lung injury. Because ASK1 can promote both cell death and inflammation, we hypothesized that ASK1 activation regulates inflammasome-mediated inflammation. Mice deficient in ASK1 expression (ASK1) exhibited significantly less inflammation and lung injury (as measured by neutrophil infiltration, IL-6, and IL-1β) in response to treatment with inhaled lipopolysaccharide (LPS) compared with wild-type (WT) mice. Read More

J Formos Med Assoc 2019 Jan 4. Epub 2019 Jan 4.

Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.

Background: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) provides short-term cardiopulmonary support for patients with acute cardiac and respiratory failure. This study reported the survival rate for pediatric patients from Taiwan's national cohort.

Methods: Patients under the age of 18 who received ECMO from January 1, 2002 to December 31, 2012 were identified from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. Read More

Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2019 Mar 3;316(3):L498-L505. Epub 2019 Jan 3.

Division of Pediatrics and Neonatal Critical Care, Medical Center "A.Béclère," South Paris University Hospitals, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Paris , France.

Hypothermia can modify surfactant composition and function. Secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) hydrolyses surfactant phospholipids and is important in the pathobiology of several critical respiratory disorders. We hypothesize that sPLA2 activity might be influenced by the temperature partially explaining surfactant changes. Read More

Acta Biomater 2019 Feb 28;85:203-217. Epub 2018 Dec 28.

Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shool of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China. Electronic address:

Acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a life-threatening condition of critically-ill patients, characterized by overwhelming inflammatory responses in the lung. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that the excessive activation of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) plays an important role in this detrimental lung inflammation. Recently, we developed a unique class of peptide-gold nanoparticle (GNP) hybrids that act as potent nano-inhibitors of TLR4 signaling by modulating the process of endosomal acidification. Read More

Respir Care 2019 Feb 24;64(2):209-216. Epub 2018 Dec 24.

Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.

Pediatric ARDS continues to be a management challenge in the ICU with prolonged hospitalizations and high mortality. Thromboembolic pulmonary embolism and in situ pulmonary artery thrombosis might represent underappreciated thrombotic processes for a subset of these patients. Although well described in the adult literature, descriptions of pulmonary thromboses with pediatric ARDS are limited to case reports. Read More

BMC Anesthesiol 2018 Dec 22;18(1):203. Epub 2018 Dec 22.

Department of Anaesthesiology, Maasstad Ziekenhuis, Maasstadweg 21, 3079 DZ, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.

Background: The type of scalding injury known as 'teapot syndrome', where hot liquid is grabbed by the child with the aim of ingestion and falls over a child causing burns on the face, upper thorax and arms, is known to cause peri-oral and facial oedema. Thermal epiglottitis following scalds to face, neck and thorax is rare and can occur even in absence of ingestion of a damaging agent or intraoral burns, Awareness of the possibility of thermal epiglottitis, also in scald burns, is imperative to ensure prompt airway protection.

Case Presentation: We report the case of a child with thermal epiglottitis after a scalding burn from boiling milk resulting in mixed deep burns of the face, neck and chest, but no history of ingestion. Read More

Antibiotics (Basel) 2018 Dec 14;7(4). Epub 2018 Dec 14.

Department of Pediatrics, RD Gardi Medical College, Ujjain 456006, India.

Antibiotic-resistant pathogens and nosocomial infections constitute common and serious problems for neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care units worldwide. is a non-lactose-fermenting, gram-negative, health care-associated pathogen (HCAP). It is ubiquitous and intrinsically resistant to several antibiotics. Read More

Exp Ther Med 2018 Dec 19;16(6):4315-4321. Epub 2018 Sep 19.

Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of International Education, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China.

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a form of chronic lung disease of infancy, which mostly affects premature infants with significant morbidity and mortality. Premature infants who require to be treated for conditions including respiratory distress syndrome have a higher risk of developing BPD. In spite of the improvement in clinical methods, the incidence of BPD has not reduced. Read More

Pediatr Int 2018 Dec 6. Epub 2018 Dec 6.

Neonatal Intensive Care, Kurashiki Central Hospital, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan.

Background: In perinatal medicine, inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) has been an important tool for the treatment of full-term and late-preterm infants with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) and hypoxemic respiratory failure (HRF). However, its use in more premature infants is controversial. To evaluate the current clinical practices regarding use of acute inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) therapy in extremely preterm infants, a nationwide survey was conducted in Japan. Read More

PLoS One 2018 12;13(12):e0208252. Epub 2018 Dec 12.

Department of Pediatrics, University of Rennes 1,Rennes, France.

Introduction: Most infants born before 30 weeks gestational age (GA) develop respiratory distress syndrome soon after birth. Methods of surfactant administration that avoid ventilation have been recently introduced. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of implementing a new procedure of less invasive surfactant administration (LISA) and determine whether it is associated with an improvement in respiratory outcome. Read More

J Neonatal Perinatal Med 2018 Dec 1. Epub 2018 Dec 1.

Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.

A 710 g male infant was born at a referring hospital at a gestational age of 23 weeks and 2 days via vaginal delivery and was transferred to our facility at 14 days of age. His delivery was complicated by the breech presentation with difficult head extraction. The infant's initial course was significant for respiratory distress syndrome, grade III-IV intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), acute kidney injury, and large PDA. Read More

Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019 Jan 5;508(3):701-708. Epub 2018 Dec 5.

Department of Laboratory, Ankang Central Hospital, No. 85, Jinzhou South Road, Hanbin District, Ankang, 725000, China. Electronic address:

Acute lung injury (ALI) and its more serious form, respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), are considered as an acute and severe inflammatory process existing in lungs, and still remain high mortality rates. Tripartite motif 8 (TRIM8) contains an N-terminal RING finger, which is followed by two B-boxes and a coiled-coil domain, belonging to the TRIM/RBCC family and playing significant role in meditating inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis. In the study, we investigated the role of TRIM8 in ALI induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the underlying molecular mechanisms. Read More

Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2018 Dec 6. Epub 2018 Dec 6.

The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China, Critical Care Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.

Rationale: There are controversial reports on applications of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).

Objective: We hypothesized that lung microenvironment was the main determinant of beneficial versus detrimental effects of MSCs during ARDS.

Methods: Lung proteome was profiled in three models of injury induced by acid instillation and/or mechanical ventilation in mice. Read More

Neonatology 2018 Dec 4;115(2):175-181. Epub 2018 Dec 4.

Newborn Services, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United

Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of nasal high-flow therapy (nHFT) as primary respiratory support for preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in two tertiary neonatal units.

Methods: A retrospective outcome analysis of initial respiratory support strategies was performed in two tertiary neonatal units in the UK: John Radcliffe Hospital (JRH), Oxford and St Peter's Hospital (SPH), Chertsey. Infants born between 28+0 and 36+6 weeks gestational age (GA) between May 2013 and June 2015 were included. Read More

J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2018 Dec 4:1-151. Epub 2018 Dec 4.

a Department of Pediatrics , Imam Khomeini Hospital , Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences , Ahvaz , Iran.

Background: Respiratory distress syndrome is one of the main causes of mortality in premature neonates. Treatment of these neonates with invasive mechanical ventilation has side effects such as chronic pulmonary diseases. Noninvasive ventilation, such as nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) and nasal high-frequency oscillation ventilation (NHFOV), has shown to reduce the burden of chronic lung disease. Read More

Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2018 Dec 4. Epub 2018 Dec 4.

Drexel University College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States.

Recent evidence has shown that microRNA (miRNAs) are involved in endothelial dysfunction and vascular injury in lung-related diseases. However, the potential role of miR-34a in the regulation of pulmonary endothelial dysfunction, vascular injury and endothelial cells (ECs) apoptosis in acute lung injury (ALI)/acute lung respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is largely unknown. Here, we show that miR-34a-5p was up-regulated in whole lungs, isolated ECs from lungs and ECs stimulated with various insults (lipopolysaccharide and hyperoxia). Read More

Life Sci 2019 Jan 22;216:156-167. Epub 2018 Nov 22.

Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City 310058, China. Electronic address:

Aims: Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), characterized by overwhelming lung inflammation, are associated with high mortality. Cigarette smoke (CS) is one of the major causes of ALI/ARDS. Since high expression of prostaglandin (PG) D has been observed in CS-induced lung injury. Read More

BMC Pulm Med 2018 Nov 22;18(1):174. Epub 2018 Nov 22.

Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.

Background: The acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a serious disease in critically ill patients that is characterized by pulmonary dysfunctions, hypoxemia and significant mortality. Patients with immunodeficiency (e.g. Read More

Respir Res 2018 Nov 22;19(1):231. Epub 2018 Nov 22.

Critical Care Research Group, Level 3, Clinical Sciences Building, The Prince Charles Hospital, Rode Rd, Brisbane, Australia.

Background: Sepsis is a multi-system syndrome that remains the leading cause of mortality and critical illness worldwide, with hemodynamic support being one of the cornerstones of the acute management of sepsis. We used an ovine model of endotoxemic shock to determine if 0.9% saline resuscitation contributes to lung inflammation and injury in acute respiratory distress syndrome, which is a common complication of sepsis, and investigated the potential role of matrix metalloproteinases in this process. Read More

Pediatr Crit Care Med 2019 Feb;20(2):e70-e76

Division of Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH.

Objectives: New definitions of pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome include criteria to identify a subset of children "at risk for pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome." We hypothesized that, among PICU patients with bronchiolitis not immediately requiring invasive mechanical ventilation, those meeting at risk for pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome criteria would have worse clinical outcomes, including higher rates of pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome development.

Design: Single-center, retrospective chart review. Read More

Pan Afr Med J 2018 25;30:172. Epub 2018 Jun 25.

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, College of Health Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Osogbo, Nigeria.

Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) is a rare genetic disorder but even rarer in Africans and it is one of the causes of nephropathies in childhood. Although isolated cases of adult PKD have been reported in Nigerians; to the best of our knowledge, this case is the first to be reported in the paediatric age group in Nigeria. A case of autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease presenting with severe perinatal asphyxia and severe respiratory distressis here by presented. Read More

Pediatr Clin North Am 2018 12;65(6):1119-1134

Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, SPC 5243, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5243, USA. Electronic address:

In caring for critically ill children, recognition and management often begins in the pediatric emergency department. A seamless transition in care is needed to ensure appropriate care to the sickest of children. This review covers the management of critically ill children in the pediatric emergency department beyond the initial stabilization for conditions such as acute respiratory failure and pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome, traumatic brain injury, status epilepticus, congenital heart disease, and metabolic emergencies. Read More

Lancet Oncol 2018 Dec 12;19(12):1617-1629. Epub 2018 Nov 12.

Paediatric Haematology-Oncology Department, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

Background: Immunotherapy with the chimeric anti-GD2 monoclonal antibody dinutuximab, combined with alternating granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and intravenous interleukin-2 (IL-2), improves survival in patients with high-risk neuroblastoma. We aimed to assess event-free survival after treatment with ch14.18/CHO (dinutuximab beta) and subcutaneous IL-2, compared with dinutuximab beta alone in children and young people with high-risk neuroblastoma. Read More

Pediatrics 2018 Dec 14;142(6). Epub 2018 Nov 14.

Vermont Oxford Network, Burlington, Vermont; and.

Objective: To examine whether changes in mortality and morbidities have benefited male more than female infants.

Methods: Infants of gestational ages 22 to 29 weeks born between January 2006 and December 2016 at a Vermont Oxford Network center in the United States were studied. We examined mortality and morbidity rate differences and 95% confidence intervals by sex and birth year. Read More

PLoS One 2018 2;13(11):e0207061. Epub 2018 Nov 2.

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.

This study investigated whether anterior placenta previa in the second trimester is associated with neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). The neonates delivered by 2067 women between 2007 and 2015 were evaluated for the presence of RDS through birth records. The location of the placenta and the presence of placenta previa during the second and third trimesters were assessed and recorded. Read More