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Pediatrics 2022 Jun 24. Epub 2022 Jun 24.

Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.

Background: Several prediction models have been reported to identify patients with radiographic pneumonia, but none have been validated or broadly implemented into practice. We evaluated 5 prediction models for radiographic pneumonia in children.

Methods: We evaluated 5 previously published prediction models for radiographic pneumonia (Neuman, Oostenbrink, Lynch, Mahabee-Gittens, and Lipsett) using data from a single-center prospective study of patients 3 months to 18 years with signs of lower respiratory tract infection. Read More

J Hosp Med 2022 Jun 23. Epub 2022 Jun 23.

Division of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Background: Despite the increased availability of diagnostic tests for respiratory viruses, their clinical utility for children with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) remains uncertain.

Objective: To identify patterns of respiratory virus testing across children's hospitals prior to the COVID-19 pandemic and to determine whether hospital-level rates of viral testing were associated with clinical outcomes.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Multicenter retrospective cohort study of children hospitalized for CAP at 19 children's hospitals in the United States from 2010-2019. Read More

Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2022 14;2022:1739561. Epub 2022 Jun 14.

Department of Pharmacy, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou 061000, Hebei, China.

Purpose: To observe the clinical efficacy of Reduning injection combined with recombinant human interferon -2b spray in the treatment of children with viral pneumonia.

Methods: A total of 200 children with viral pneumonia over 2 years old who were admitted to the Pediatrics Department of the Cangzhou Central Hospital from September 2018 to November 2020 were recruited and randomized into the control group and observation group at a ratio of 1 : 1, with 100 cases in each group. The children in the control group were given recombinant human interferon -2b spray, and the children in the observation group were given Reduning injection on the basis of the control group. Read More

Cureus 2022 Jun 18;14(6):e26072. Epub 2022 Jun 18.

Department of Pediatrics, Al Qassimi Women's and Children's Hospital, Sharjah, ARE.

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a rare disease defined as a specific type of chronic fibrosing interstitial pneumonitis whose effects are limited to the lung. Nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) was defined as a histopathological form that can be seen in the presence of large different clinical and radiological features. The exact role of thyroid hormone in the pathogenetic mechanism of idiopathic interstitial pneumonitis (IIP) is unclear. Read More

Cureus 2022 Jun 21;14(6):e26141. Epub 2022 Jun 21.

Medicine, CHRISTUS Spohn Hospital, Corpus Christi - Shoreline, Corpus Christi, USA.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia is an infection of the lungs that causes severe inflammation in the lungs' alveoli. It causes alveoli to fill with fluid, blood clots, and sometimes even pus. Patients who are infected with COVID-19 pneumonia experience severe cough, shortness of breath, fever, fatigue, chest pain, night sweats, chills, loss of appetite, etc. Read More

Children (Basel) 2022 Jun 8;9(6). Epub 2022 Jun 8.

Department of Pediatric Surgery, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Izumi 594-1101, Japan.

Background: Treatment modalities for neonates with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) have greatly improved in recent years, with a concomitant increase in survival. However, long-term outcomes restrict the identification of optimal care pathways for CDH survivors in adolescence and adulthood. Therefore, we evaluated the long-term outcomes within the Japanese CDH Study Group (JCDHSG). Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2022 Jun 23;15(6). Epub 2022 Jun 23.

Pediatrics, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.

COVID-19 infection in children is relatively mild and is associated with fewer complications compared with adults. Here we report the case of a previously healthy preteen girl who presented with active COVID-19 and shock. On day 1, ultrasound of the thorax revealed a right-sided pleural effusion with haemorrhagic pus on diagnostic tap, which improved clinically with appropriate hospital treatment. Read More

Clin Infect Dis 2022 Jun 23. Epub 2022 Jun 23.

The University of Maryland School of Medicine Department of Epidemiology and Public Health Baltimore, MD, USA.

Background: Empiric antibiotic use among hospitalized U.S. adults is largely undescribed. Read More

Tomography 2022 Jun 14;8(3):1534-1543. Epub 2022 Jun 14.

Department of Radiology, Monaldi Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliera dei Colli, 80131 Naples, Italy.

Acinetobacter baumannii (Ab) is an opportunistic Gram-negative pathogen intrinsically resistant to many antimicrobials. The aim of this retrospective study was to describe the imaging features on chest X-ray (CXR) and computed tomography (CT) scans in hospitalized patients with multidrug-resistant (MDR) Ab pneumonia. CXR and CT findings were graded on a three-point scale: 1 represents normal attenuation, 2 represents ground-glass attenuation, and 3 represents consolidation. Read More

Rev Med Chil 2021 Nov;149(11):1579-1588

Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain.

Background: Medical students frequently have depressive symptoms. Thus, the psychological impact of COVID-19 on them should be high.

Aim: To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on the prevalence of depression in medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Read More

Sci Rep 2022 Jun 22;12(1):10574. Epub 2022 Jun 22.

Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

The COVID-19 outbreak affected mental health globally. One of the major concerns following the COVID-19 pandemic was increased incidence of risky behaviors including alcohol consumption. This study evaluates the trend of alcohol poisoning in Loghman-Hakim Hospital (LHH), the main referral center of poisoning in Tehran, during the 2-year period from 1 year prior to 1 year after the onset (February 23rd, 2020) of the COVID-19 epidemic in Iran. Read More

Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2022 Jun;26(11):4082-4091

Department of Pediatrics, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.

Objective: The impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on weight gain in children and adolescents remains unknown. We aimed to identify an estimated 15-year trend in mean body mass index (BMI) changes and prevalence of obesity and overweight among Korean adolescents from 2005 to 2020, including the period of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Patients And Methods: We analyzed data taken from a nationwide survey (Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey), between 2005 and 2020. Read More

JCI Insight 2022 Jun 22;7(12). Epub 2022 Jun 22.

Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.

Thick, viscous respiratory secretions are a major pathogenic feature of COVID-19, but the composition and physical properties of these secretions are poorly understood. We characterized the composition and rheological properties (i.e. Read More

Med Confl Surviv 2022 Jun;38(2):140-158

Department of Pediatrics, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.

Access to therapeutic oxygen in low-resource settings remains a significant global problem. Solar powered oxygen (SPO2) delivery is a reliable and cost-effective solution. We followed implementation research methodology to gather data on engineering parameters (remote monitoring), nurse training (before and after knowledge questionnaire), patients treated with SPO2 (descriptive case series), and qualitative user feedback (focus group discussions). Read More

BMJ Open 2022 Jun 21;12(6):e057957. Epub 2022 Jun 21.

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

Objective: To identify aetiologies of childhood community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) based on a comprehensive diagnostic approach.

Design: 'Partnerships for Enhanced Engagement in Research-Pneumonia in Paediatrics (PEER-PePPeS)' study was an observational prospective cohort study conducted from July 2017 to September 2019.

Setting: Government referral teaching hospitals and satellite sites in three cities in Indonesia: Semarang, Yogyakarta and Tangerang. Read More

BMJ Open 2022 Jun 21;12(6):e048955. Epub 2022 Jun 21.

UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK

Objectives: To examine indirect impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on neonatal care in low-income and middle-income countries.

Design: Interrupted time series analysis.

Setting: Two tertiary neonatal units in Harare, Zimbabwe and Lilongwe, Malawi. Read More

Clin Chim Acta 2022 Jun 18. Epub 2022 Jun 18.

Institute of Genome Research, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology; Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology. Electronic address:

Background: Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a rare primary immunodeficiency disorder (PID) due to genetic defects in the NADPH oxidase of phagocytes. Affected patients become susceptible to infections such as pneumonia, diarrhea, and skin ulcer types. The patients require life-long treatment with prophylactic antibiotics, antifungals, or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) therapy. Read More

N Z Med J 2021 Dec 17;134(1547):8-15. Epub 2021 Dec 17.

Associate Professor, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland; Senior Lecturer, University of Auckland (2014).

Pediatr Int 2022 Jan;64(1):e15198

Department of Pediatrics, Iwaki City Medical Center, Iwaki-shi, Japan.

Pediatr Int 2022 Jan;64(1):e15152

Department of Pediatrics, Keio University of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.

PLoS Med 2022 Jun 21;19(6):e1004024. Epub 2022 Jun 21.

Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, Durban, South Africa.

Background: Real-world evaluation of the safety profile of vaccines after licensure is crucial to accurately characterise safety beyond clinical trials, support continued use, and thereby improve public confidence. The Sisonke study aimed to assess the safety and effectiveness of the Janssen Ad26.COV2. Read More

J Trop Pediatr 2022 Jun;68(4)

Department of Pediatrics, Dr. R.M.L. Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India.

Background: Pneumonia acquired in the community is a leading cause of hospitalization and death in under-five children. Predicting mortality in children remains a challenge. There is a need of consolidated scoring system to predict mortality in under-five children in developing nations. Read More

J Korean Med Sci 2022 Jun 20;37(24):e192. Epub 2022 Jun 20.

Department of Pediatrics, Jeonbuk National University Children's Hospital, Jeonju, Korea.

Croup is a common upper airway infection characterized by a barking cough, stridor, and hoarseness. It is usually caused by viral infection. A small number of croup caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been reported in children before the omicron variant surge. Read More

Nat Med 2022 Jun 17;28(6):1141-1148. Epub 2022 Jun 17.

Inflammatix, Inc, Burlingame, CA, USA.

Research and practice in critical care medicine have long been defined by syndromes, which, despite being clinically recognizable entities, are, in fact, loose amalgams of heterogeneous states that may respond differently to therapy. Mounting translational evidence-supported by research on respiratory failure due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection-suggests that the current syndrome-based framework of critical illness should be reconsidered. Here we discuss recent findings from basic science and clinical research in critical care and explore how these might inform a new conceptual model of critical illness. Read More

Sci Rep 2022 Jun 17;12(1):10194. Epub 2022 Jun 17.

Multimodal Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy.

Since the start of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, children aged ≤ 12 years have always been defined as underrepresented in terms of SARS-CoV-2 infections' frequency and severity. By correlating SARS-CoV-2 transmission dynamics with clinical and virological features in 612 SARS-CoV-2 positive patients aged ≤ 12 years, we demonstrated a sizeable circulation of different SARS-CoV-2 lineages over the four pandemic waves in paediatric population, sustained by local transmission chains. Age < 5 years, highest viral load, gamma and delta clades positively influence this local transmission. Read More

BMC Infect Dis 2022 Jun 20;22(1):563. Epub 2022 Jun 20.

Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.

Background: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a life-threatening complication that can develop weeks to months after an initial SARS-CoV-2 infection. A complex, time-consuming laboratory evaluation is currently required to distinguish MIS-C from other illnesses. New assays are urgently needed early in the evaluation process to expedite MIS-C workup and initiate treatment when appropriate. Read More

Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2022 Jun;57(6):774-777

Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung & Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing 100011, China Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Children's Hospital Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100011, China.

Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2022 Jun;57(6):683-691

Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China.

To explore the relationship between pathogens in the olfactory cleft area and olfactory disorders in patients with upper respiratory inflammation (URI) during the prevention and control of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). A total of 234 URI patients including acute upper respiratory infection, chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), allergic rhinitis (AR) were continuously selected from September 2020 to March 2021 in Beijing Anzhen Hospital and 98 healthy adults were enrolled as controls. The secretions from the olfactory cleft of all subjects were collected with nasal swabs under nasal endoscopy. Read More

Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022 Jun 20:2079322. Epub 2022 Jun 20.

Medical, Sanofi, Roma, Italia.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a highly contagious seasonal virus and the leading cause of Lower Respiratory Tract Infections (LRTI), including pneumonia and bronchiolitis in children. RSV-related LRTI cause approximately 3 million hospitalizations and 120,000 deaths annually among children <5 years of age. The majority of the burden of RSV occurs in previously healthy infants. Read More

Front Pediatr 2022 26;10:873182. Epub 2022 May 26.

Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.

Objective: To analyze the clinical characteristics of tracheobronchial foreign body (FB) cases in a pediatric Chinese population.

Methods: The clinical data of pediatric patients aged 0-18 years old diagnosed with a tracheobronchial FB in the Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University between September 2018 and August 2021 were analyzed retrospectively.

Results: Among 1,328 included cases, 92. Read More