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Benef Microbes 2021 May 31:1-8. Epub 2021 May 31.

Evolve BioSystems, Inc, Davis, CA 95618, USA.

The gut microbiome during infancy is directly involved in the digestion of human milk, development of the immune system, and long-term health outcomes. Gut dysbiosis in early life has been linked to multiple short-term ailments, from diaper dermatitis and poor stooling habits, to poor sleep and fussiness, with mixed results in the scientific literature on the efficacy of probiotics for symptom resolution. Despite the growing interest in probiotics for consumer use, observed symptomatic relief is rarely documented. Read More

J Paediatr Child Health 2020 Oct;56(10):1649

Division of Dermatology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.

J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad 2020 Jan- Mar;32(1):152

Department of Paediatrics, Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad, Pakistan.

Eleven months old female patient presented to paediatric out patient with parents concerned about her facial swelling. Upon examination child's weight and height for age were normal on her percentiles, she had a cushingoid facies with plethoric cheeks (Figure-1,2) though generalized oedema was absent and there was centripetal obesity with some muscle wasting (Figure-3,4). Systemic examination was normal excluding blood pressure which was high for her age. Read More

J Pediatr 2019 12 24;215:139-143.e7. Epub 2019 Sep 24.

Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA; Division of General Academic Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA. Electronic address:

Objective: To characterize the incidence of adverse events (AEs) associated with antibiotics used to treat acute otitis media in children.

Study Design: We searched MEDLINE for studies conducted between January 1, 1966, and August 25, 2018. Two authors independently assessed potential studies and extracted the data. Read More

Exp Dermatol 2019 11 16;28(11):1289-1297. Epub 2019 Sep 16.

Beijing Key Lab of Plant Resources Research and Development, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.

Background: The microbiological basis of diaper dermatitis has not been clearly elucidated; however, a better understanding of microbial colonization may be vital for developing appropriate therapies.

Methods: Using 16S-rRNA gene sequencing technology, we characterized and compared the bacterial communities obtained from the buttock skin sites of children with diaper dermatitis and from healthy controls. Bacterial diversity in the buttock lesion area and subsequent recovery after emollient treatment have been discussed herein. Read More

Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2019 06 9;58(7):806-815. Epub 2019 Apr 9.

1 The Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, OH, USA.

The demand for natural infant care products, including diapers, has increased. However, few disposable diapers have been able to provide the performance caregivers desire while also incorporating ingredients consistent with the "natural" category. In an examiner-blinded clinical study, the performance of a new cotton-enhanced diaper with high-performance materials was compared with an existing natural diaper offering. Read More

Pediatr Dermatol 2019 Sep 28;36(5):602-606. Epub 2018 Nov 28.

Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey.

Background/objectives: Diaper dermatitis is often caused by irritant contact occurring beneath the diaper of an infant, and it is aggravated by factors such as dampness, friction, urea, and feces. Food-allergic patients are known to exhibit various skin lesions ranging from urticaria to eczema. This study aims to determine the relationship between persistent diaper dermatitis and food allergy. Read More

J Pediatr 2019 Mar 2;206:296. Epub 2018 Nov 2.

Department of Pediatrics Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Chandigarh, India.

Dermatol Ther 2018 11 12;31(6):e12731. Epub 2018 Oct 12.

Department of Reproductive Health and Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

This study compares the effective of of topical application of olive and calendula ointments on childrens' diaper dermatitis (DD). This triple-blind clinical trial was conducted on 73 healthy children under the age of 2 years with non-severe and not infected DD, referred to a pediatric healthcare center in Tabriz, Iran. The children were assigned to 1. Read More

Int J Dermatol 2019 Aug 23;58(8):963-965. Epub 2018 Sep 23.

Department of Dermatology, Foundation IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.

Pediatr Emerg Care 2019 Jul;35(7):e127

From the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA.

A 5-year-old female with Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy and a history of constipation presented to the emergency department with a new blistering buttocks rash, which was initially concerning for nonaccidental burn. Upon further investigation, it was found that Ex-Lax had been given to the patient for constipation. This had resulted in a bowel movement, which led to an irritant dermatitis. Read More

Breastfeed Med 2018 06 30;13(5):388-394. Epub 2018 Apr 30.

1 Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia School of Medicine , Charlottesville, Virginia.

Introduction: Serratia marcescens is an opportunistic pathogen and common cause of infectious outbreaks in pediatric units, leading to both significant morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised hosts. Environmental and some clinical strains may produce a characteristic red pigment, prodigiosin. Colonization can hence turn breast milk and fecally-soiled diapers pink, which can lead otherwise unaffected patients to present to their physicians and also interrupt breastfeeding. Read More

Pediatr Dermatol 2018 03;35 Suppl 1:s3-s4

Dermatology and Pediatrics, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.

Pediatr Dermatol 2018 Mar 9;35(2):e121-e123. Epub 2018 Jan 9.

Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey.

We report an infant with exogenous Cushing syndrome after being treated for 2 months with a potent topical corticosteroid via the mother's application of topical clobetasol for diaper rash without a prescription. We emphasize that potent topical steroids should be used with great caution, especially when used under occlusion (e.g. Read More

Pediatrics 2018 02 3;141(2). Epub 2018 Jan 3.

Dermatology Department, Hospital Santo António dos Capuchos, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal; and.

Granuloma gluteale infantum is a rare nodular complication of irritant diaper dermatitis. The association of this condition with the widespread use of nondisposable cloth diapers has been increasingly recognized. We present the case of an 18-month-old girl with granuloma gluteale infantum. Read More

Hosp Pediatr 2018 01;8(1):56-58

Department of Pediatrics, Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah

Am J Perinatol 2018 Apr 22;35(5):486-493. Epub 2017 Nov 22.

Department of Pediatrics, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia.

Objective:  To define the incidence of perianal dermatitis (PD) and determine the usage pattern and cost efficacy of diaper products among neonates admitted to a level IV neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) including those with a diagnosis of neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS).

Methods:  A retrospective cohort study to evaluate neonates with PD based on number of orders for Aquaphor, Bagbalm, Desitin, Flanders, or Nystatin. Various demographic and clinical parameters were recorded. Read More

Int J Dermatol 2018 Mar 6;57(3):265-275. Epub 2017 Oct 6.

Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia.

Diaper dermatitis is the most common inflammatory skin eruption within the diaper area in infants and toddlers. Although it rarely causes problems for prolonged periods of time, it causes considerable distress for both infants and parents. Diapered skin is exposed to friction, excessive hydration, varying pH, and is in constant contact with urine and feces, both of which are highly irritant to the skin. Read More

Pediatr Dermatol 2017 May;34(3):303-307

Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria.

Background/objectives: Diaper dermatitis (DD) is one of the most common skin conditions in infants and young children. Among the factors associated with greater frequency of DD are high skin pH and transepidermal water loss (TEWL). This study examined the prevalence of DD in healthy black children in Nigeria and evaluated the association between skin surface pH, TEWL, and DD in this population. Read More

Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2017 May;56(5_suppl):23S-27S

2 Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.

Today's disposable diapers are high-performance and well-tested products, designed to keep skin dry and healthy. They are primarily made of biologically inert polymers, commonly used in fabrics and other materials that are in contact with skin, and in foods and cosmetics. Still, product safety and ingredients in everyday products can be a source of anxiety for new parents. Read More

Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2017 May;56(5_suppl):13S-15S

1 Kenwood Dermatology, Cincinnati, OH, USA.

Over the past several years, a number of articles and online posts have circulated on the Internet associating use of disposable and cloth diapers with chemical burns on babies' skin. Because both mild chemical burns and diaper dermatitis (diaper rash) can cause skin redness and peeling, it is not surprising that some confusion has arisen regarding the association between these two conditions. However, diapers cannot cause chemical burns because they are made of inert materials. Read More

Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2017 May;56(5_suppl):16S-22S

1 Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Mild diaper dermatitis often occurs in children before toilet training is complete, particularly from 9 to 12 months of age, and the most common presentation is an irritant contact dermatitis. Diaper dermatitis may account for up to 25% of dermatology visits to health care providers during the first year of life. Fortunately, since the introduction of hypoallergenic, superabsorbent modern disposable diapers, the incidence and severity of irritant and allergic contact dermatitis has decreased dramatically. Read More

Case Rep Dermatol 2016 Sep-Dec;8(3):369-373. Epub 2016 Dec 22.

Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier de Saint-Brieuc, Saint-Brieuc, France.

Propranolol, a nonselective blocker of β-adrenergic receptors, has become the first-line treatment for complicated infantile hemangiomas. Therefore, its use in the pediatric population has expanded in recent years. In adults, β-blockers have been reported to be the most common causative agents for drug-induced psoriasis. Read More

Exp Ther Med 2016 Dec 27;12(6):3665-3669. Epub 2016 Oct 27.

Department of Pediatrics, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, P.R. China.

The aim of the study was to investigate the application of hydrocolloid dressings in the prevention and treatment of infant diaper rash. A total of 210 infants with diaper rash were included in the study and randomized into 3 groups of 70 infants. Infants in group A received hydrocolloid dressings and individualized nursing; infants in group B received mupirocin plaster and topical application of pearl powder as well as routine nursing; and infants in group C received zinc oxide plaster and routine nursing. Read More

J Dermatol 2017 Jun 24;44(6):e136-e137. Epub 2016 Dec 24.

Department of Dermatology, Nishi-Kobe Medical Center, Kobe, Japan.

Pediatr Dermatol 2016 Nov 22;33(6):632-639. Epub 2016 Sep 22.

Philippine General Hospital, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines.

Background: One methodologic challenge in conducting research relating to diaper dermatitis (DD) is the absence of a reliable, objective, validated scale for assessing severity. The aim of this study was to develop and validate such a scale.

Methods: Scale development was based on experience of DD assessment and clinical and photographic data collected during the early stages of a randomized controlled trial of two DD treatments. Read More

Iran Red Crescent Med J 2016 May 22;18(5):e24809. Epub 2016 Feb 22.

Pediatrics Department, Qazvin Children's Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, IR Iran.

Background: Diaper dermatitis (DD) is a common inflammatory disorder in infants, including newborns.

Objectives: This study aimed to compare the effects of a traditional medicine product (containing natural henna oil 25%) and hydrocortisone 1% cream on DD in infants.

Patients And Methods: In a triple-blind, randomized trial, 82 children aged two years or less were randomly divided into two groups of 41 children each to receive either hydrocortisone ointment or henna medicinal product. Read More

Int J Dermatol 2016 Jul;55 Suppl 1:10-3

Department of Pediatrics, O. L. Vrouw Hospital, Aalst, Belgium.

Diaper dermatitis is a common condition that often prompts parents to seek medical attention. Irritant diaper dermatitis is by far the most common cause, but numerous potentially serious diseases can present with changes of the skin in the diaper area. The differential diagnosis can include psoriasis, metabolic disorders, rare immune diseases and infection. Read More

Int J Dermatol 2016 Jul;55 Suppl 1:2-3

Department of Pediatric Dermatology, Hospital del Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain.

Dr Antonio Torrelo, President of the 12(th) World Congress of Pediatric Dermatology, introduces the supplement as providing an opportunity for readers to access the lectures and related presentations delivered at the World Congress of Pediatric Dermatology held September 25-27, 2013, in Madrid. Read More

J Am Acad Dermatol 2016 Jul 4;75(1):69-76.e2. Epub 2016 Mar 4.

Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, California; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, California; Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, California. Electronic address:

Background: A psoriasis-like eruption develops in a subset of patients with Kawasaki disease (KD).

Objective: We sought to systematically compare KD-associated psoriasiform eruptions with classic psoriasis and the outcomes of KD in children with and without this rash.

Methods: This was a retrospective study of 11 KD cases with a psoriasiform eruption matched 1:2 by age, gender, and ethnicity with psoriasis-only and KD-only controls. Read More