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Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2018 Dec 6. Epub 2018 Dec 6.

Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands.

Background: High feed osmolality (or osmolarity) is often suggested to be linked with adverse gastrointestinal events in preterm infants.

Aim: To systematically review the literature on milk feed osmolality and adverse gastrointestinal events in newborn and low birthweight infants and animals.

Methods: MEDLINE, Embase, CAB Abstracts, Current Contents, BIOSIS Previews and SciSearch were searched from inception to May 2018 to identify potentially relevant studies. Read More

Ir Med J 2018 06 7;111(6):775. Epub 2018 Jun 7.

Academic Department of Paediatrics, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland

Oral rehydration therapy (ORT) remains the ideal first line therapy for acute gastroenteritis (AGE). Our aim was to assess the impact of introducing an Oral Fluid Challenge (OFC) protocol on outcomes such as intravenous fluid use and documentation in our institution. A single centre study with data collected retrospectively pre-implementation (April 2015) of the OFC protocol and post implementation (April 2016). Read More

Pediatr Clin North Am 2019 Feb;66(1):159-167

Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Erwin Road, Durham, NC 27710, USA. Electronic address:

Fanconi syndrome, also known as the DeToni, Debré, Fanconi syndrome is a global dysfunction of the proximal tubule characterized by glucosuria, phosphaturia, generalized aminoaciduria, and type II renal tubular acidosis. Often there is hypokalemia, sodium wasting, and dehydration. In children, it typically is caused by inborn errors of metabolism, principally cystinosis. Read More

Paediatr Int Child Health 2018 Nov 19:1-9. Epub 2018 Nov 19.

g Centre for Medical Education , Queen's University , Belfast , UK.

Background: Malawisuccessfully achieved Millennium Development Goal (MDG) four by decreasing the under-5 mortality rate by two-thirds in 2012. Despite this progress child mortality is still high and in 2013, the leading causes of death in under-5s were malaria, acute respiratory infections and HIV/AIDS.

Aims: To determine the causes of inpatient child death including microbiological aetiologies in Malawi. Read More

Prehosp Disaster Med 2018 Nov 13:1-6. Epub 2018 Nov 13.

5Emergency Medical Services,Botswana Ministry of Health and Wellness,Gaborone,Botswana.

Background: In June 2012, the Botswana Ministry of Health and Wellness (MOHW; Gaborone, Botswana) initiated a national Emergency Medical Services (EMS) system in response to significant morbidity and mortality associated with prehospital emergencies. The MOHW requested external expertise to train its developing workforce. Simulation-based training was planned to equip these health care providers with clinical knowledge, procedural skills, and communication techniques. Read More

Ann Emerg Med 2018 Nov 1. Epub 2018 Nov 1.

Centre of Excellence in Women and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan; Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Study Objective: We determine whether single-dose oral ondansetron administration to children with vomiting as a result of acute gastroenteritis without dehydration reduces administration of intravenous fluid rehydration.

Methods: In this 2-hospital, double-blind, placebo-controlled, emergency department-based, randomized trial conducted in Karachi Pakistan, we recruited children aged 0.5 to 5. Read More

Trop Med Int Health 2018 Oct 26. Epub 2018 Oct 26.

Kenya Medical Research Institute/Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Nairobi, Kenya.

Objective: WHO recommends optimisation of available interventions to reduce deaths of under-five children with diarrhoea and dehydration (DD). Clinical networks may help improve practice across many hospitals but experience with such networks is scarce. We describe magnitude and patterns of changes in processes of care for children with DD over the first 3 years of a clinical network. Read More

Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr 2018 Oct 10;21(4):278-288. Epub 2018 Oct 10.

Pediatric Department, Ospedale "F. Del Ponte", University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.

Purpose: Dehydration is a paediatric medical emergency but there is no single standard parameter to evaluate it at the emergency department. Our aim was to evaluate the reliability and validity of capillary refilling time as a triage parameter to assess dehydration in children.

Methods: This was a prospective pilot cohort study of children who presented to two paediatric emergency departments in Italy, with symptoms of dehydration. Read More

Curr Opin Pharmacol 2018 Dec 16;43:152-165. Epub 2018 Oct 16.

Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Cell Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; The Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA. Electronic address:

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a monogenic disease caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. CFTR dysfunction is characterized by abnormal mucociliary transport due to a dehydrated airway surface liquid (ASL) and hyperviscous mucus, among other pathologies of host defense. ASL depletion is caused by the absence of CFTR mediated chloride secretion along with continued activity of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) activity, which can also be affected by CFTR mediated anion conductance. Read More

Minerva Pediatr 2018 Dec 18;70(6):600-611. Epub 2018 Oct 18.

Department of Pediatrics, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.

Bronchiolitis is the most common acute lower respiratory tract infection in infants and the first cause of hospitalization in this age group. Despite it has been studied for over 70 years, its management remains controversial and nowadays the treatment is only supportive. Pediatricians should be well acquainted with the clinical course of the disease. Read More

Can J Kidney Health Dis 2018 6;5:2054358118804834. Epub 2018 Oct 6.

Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, QC, Canada.

Rationale: Acute tubulointerstitial nephritis (ATIN) in children is most commonly due to allergic drug reactions. In neonates, diagnosis of ATIN is clinically suspected and a kidney biopsy is not routinely performed.

Presenting Concern: A 17-day-old newborn presented with vomiting and dehydration, along with anuric acute kidney injury, severe electrolyte disturbances, hypocomplementemia, and thrombocytopenia. Read More

World J Pediatr 2018 Oct 29;14(5):429-436. Epub 2018 Sep 29.

Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, 510623, China.

Background: The guidelines addressed the evidence-based indications for the management of children with acute infectious diarrhea in Chinese pediatric population.

Data Sources: The experts group of evidence development put forward clinical problems, collects evidence, forms preliminary recommendations, and then uses open-ended discussions to form recommendations. The literature review was done for developing this guideline in databases including PubMed, Cochrane, EMBASE, China Biomedical Database, and Chinese Journal Full-text Database up to June 2013. Read More

Eur J Pediatr 2018 Dec 24;177(12):1837-1844. Epub 2018 Sep 24.

Department of Pediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic.

Diarrhea-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome is characterized by hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute kidney injury secondary to enteric infection, typically Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli. Shiga toxin 2 is able to activate alternative complement pathways; therefore, the aim of the study was to analyze C3 as a predictor of clinical courses in patients with diarrhea-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome. We hypothesized that the patients with increased complement activation at admission suffered from a more severe course. Read More

Nat Rev Nephrol 2018 Nov;14(11):688-703

Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo, Italy.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common and life-threatening complication in critically ill neonates. Gestational risk factors for AKI include premature birth, intrauterine growth restriction and low birthweight, which are associated with poor nephron development and are often the consequence of pre-gestational and gestational factors, such as poor nutritional status. Our understanding of how to best optimize renal development and prevent AKI is in its infancy; however, the identification of pre-gestational and gestational factors that increase the risk of adverse neonatal outcomes and the implementation of interventions, such as improving nutritional status early in pregnancy, have the potential to optimize fetal growth and reduce the risk of preterm birth, thereby improving kidney health. Read More

J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2018 Sep 10:1-5. Epub 2018 Sep 10.

a Division of Pediatrics , Thomas Jefferson University/Nemours , Philadelphia , PA , USA.

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of dehydration fever in infants admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) from the well newborn nursery with fever in the first days of life.

Study Design: Retrospective data analysis of term infants admitted to the NICU from the well newborn nursery with fever (n = 75). Infants were divided into two groups based on hydration status using clinical and laboratory signs of dehydration. Read More

Lancet Glob Health 2018 Oct 28;6(10):e1122-e1131. Epub 2018 Aug 28.

Bowen University Teaching Hospital, Ogbomosho, Oyo, Nigeria.

Background: Kernicterus resulting from severe neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia is a leading cause of preventable deaths and disabilities in low-income and middle-income countries, partly because high-quality intensive phototherapy is unavailable. Previously, we showed that filtered-sunlight phototherapy (FSPT) was efficacious and safe for treatment of mild-to-moderate neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia. We aimed to extend these studies to infants with moderate-to-severe hyperbilirubinaemia. Read More

J Pediatr Urol 2018 Dec 24;14(6):557.e1-557.e6. Epub 2018 Jul 24.

Division of Pediatric Urology, Riley Hospital for Children, Indiana University School of Medicine, 705 Riley Hospital Drive, Suite 4230, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.

Introduction: Postobstructive diuresis (POD) after unilateral pyeloplasty or percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN) tube insertion for ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) in patients with a normal contralateral kidney is not well described.

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the incidence and characteristics of POD after relief of unilateral UPJO in patients with a normal contralateral kidney.

Study Design: Children who underwent a unilateral pyeloplasty or PCN for UPJO from 2010 to 2017 with a normal contralateral kidney were retrospectively reviewed. Read More

Pediatrics 2018 Sep 20;142(3). Epub 2018 Aug 20.

Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, and

Background And Objectives: Early risk stratification of infants with bronchiolitis receiving airway support is critical for focusing appropriate therapies, yet the tools to risk categorize this subpopulation do not exist. Our objective was to identify predictors of "escalated care" in bronchiolitis. We hypothesized there would be a significant association between escalated care and predictors in the emergency department. Read More

J Am Coll Surg 2018 Oct 2;227(4):439-449. Epub 2018 Aug 2.

Department of Surgery, Washington University, School of Medicine, St Louis, MO. Electronic address:

Background: Pediatric short bowel syndrome (SBS) is a malabsorptive state placing patients at risk for malnutrition, dehydration, and bacterial overgrowth. These patients are often dependent on parenteral nutrition (PN) while intestinal adaptation is underway. The aim of this study was to characterize the effect of remnant small bowel length on the gut microbiome. Read More

J Pediatr Urol 2018 Dec 4;14(6):533.e1-533.e9. Epub 2018 Jul 4.

Department of Pediatrics, Mercy Hospital St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.

Introduction: Reducing hospital readmissions is a growing priority for hospitals and clinicians in their efforts to improve quality of care and curtail costs. Augmentation cystoplasty is among the most complex and high-morbidity operations in pediatric urology, with up to 25% of patients experiencing a postoperative complication. However, there is a paucity of literature addressing the incidence and characteristics of hospital readmissions after these procedures. Read More

Acta Clin Belg 2018 Jul 20:1-6. Epub 2018 Jul 20.

f Pediatric nephrology , Zeepreventorium De Haan , De Haan , Belgium.

Objective: Evaluate the effect of a 1-year standardized residential slimming program on exercise-induced dehydration in children with obesity.

Method: At the start (T) and end (T) of the program, urine samples, weight, blood pressure and pulse were collected before (T) and after a Cooper test (T). Urinary samples were analyzed for volume, Na (U), Cl, K (U), urea, creatinine (U), protein and osmolality (U). Read More

Glob Pediatr Health 2018 10;5:2333794X18784203. Epub 2018 Jul 10.

Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.

Acute onset of encephalopathy is often due to infections or intoxications, but a high index of suspicion should exist for metabolic or autoimmune causes particularly in recurrent cases. A 6-year-old previously healthy Caucasian male presented with confusion and somnolence. He had several days of fever, myalgia, headaches, and rhinorrhea and was influenza-A positive. Read More

Nat Med 2018 Sep 16;24(9):1317-1323. Epub 2018 Jul 16.

UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, UK.

For inherited genetic diseases, fetal gene therapy offers the potential of prophylaxis against early, irreversible and lethal pathological change. To explore this, we studied neuronopathic Gaucher disease (nGD), caused by mutations in GBA. In adult patients, the milder form presents with hepatomegaly, splenomegaly and occasional lung and bone disease; this is managed, symptomatically, by enzyme replacement therapy. Read More

Trop Doct 2018 Oct 17;48(4):298-300. Epub 2018 Jul 17.

3 Resident, Department of Pediatrics, Chacha Nehru Bal Chikitsalaya, New Delhi, India.

Diarrhoea and pneumonia account for most deaths in children aged < 5 years. However, most diarrhoeal deaths are preventable with appropriate hygienic measures and timely initiation of rehydration therapy. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 280 mothers with children aged 2-59 months with acute watery diarrhoea at a tertiary hospital. Read More

Pediatr Pulmonol 2018 Nov 12;53(S3):S30-S50. Epub 2018 Jul 12.

Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio.

Inflammation plays a critical role in cystic fibrosis (CF) lung pathology and disease progression making it an active area of research and important therapeutic target. In this review, we explore the most recent research on the major contributors to the exuberant inflammatory response seen in CF as well as potential therapeutics to combat this response. Absence of functional cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) alters anion transport across CF airway epithelial cells and ultimately results in dehydration of the airway surface liquid. Read More

Indian Pediatr 2018 06;55(6):517-518

Department of Pediatrics, PGIMER and Dr RML Hospital, New Delhi, India.

Indian Pediatr 2018 06;55(6):513-516

Department of Pediatrics, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India.

Lancet Child Adolesc Health 2018 Jul;2(7):516-524

Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.

Background: Diarrhoea causes many deaths in children younger than 5 years and identification of risk factors for death is considered a global priority. The effectiveness of currently recommended fluid management for dehydration in routine settings has also not been examined.

Methods: For this observational, association study, we analysed prospective clinical data on admission, immediate treatment, and discharge of children age 1-59 months with diarrhoea and dehydration, which were routinely collected from 13 Kenyan hospitals. Read More

Int Health 2018 Nov;10(6):442-450

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Nairobi, Kenya.

Background: Diarrhoea is a major cause of child mortality. Although oral rehydration solution (ORS) is an efficacious intervention for correcting dehydration, inadequate monitoring may limit its effectiveness in routine settings. We evaluated the effect of using a caregiver-administered chart to monitor oral fluid therapy on hydration status among children with some dehydration. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2018 Jun 23;2018. Epub 2018 Jun 23.

Radiodiagnosis, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, Chandigarh UT, India.

Hepatol Res 2018 Jun 22. Epub 2018 Jun 22.

Department of Pediatric Surgery, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China.

Aim: To evaluate the long-term efficacy of cholecystocolostomy surgery for progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC).

Methods: From August 2003 to November 2014, 34 clinically diagnosed children, including 11 with familial intrahepatic cholestasis-1 (FIC1), 13 with bile salt export pump (BSEP) disease, five with low γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) disease (levels <100 U/L), and five with multidrug resistance class III (MDR3) disease with high GGT (>100 U/L), were identified in our center. Data were collected retrospectively from individuals who collectively had 36 surgical operations and two orthotopic liver transplantations (OLT). Read More

Mikrobiyol Bul 2018 Apr;52(2):156-165

Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Ankara, Turkey.

Rotavirus is the most common agent of acute gastroenteritis in children under five years of age and still a major cause of mortality and morbidity mainly in devoloping countries. The aim of this study was to determine the circulating rotavirus genotypes in children less than five years of age with acute gastroenteritis in Adana province, before the introduction of the rotavirus vaccine into the national immunization programme. Fecal specimens were collected from children enrolled between December 2012 and November 2016 and rotavirus antigen was searched by a rapid immunochromatographic test method. Read More

Eur Endocrinol 2018 Apr 18;14(1):59-61. Epub 2018 Apr 18.

University Malaya Pediatric and Child Health Research Group, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Cerebral oedema is the most common neurological complication of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). However, ischaemic and haemorrhagic brain injury has been reported infrequently. A 10-year old girl who was previously well presented with severe DKA. Read More

Iran J Med Sci 2018 May;43(3):328-331

Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.

Very-early-onset inflammatory bowel disease (VEO-IBD) has a distinct phenotype and should be considered a specific entity. VEO-IBD presents with very severe clinical pictures and is frequently known by an indeterminate colitis whose clinical remission is unmanageable. This study examines the case of a neonate with VEO-IBD, not responding to medical and surgical treatment. Read More

Electron Physician 2018 Apr 25;10(4):6707-6711. Epub 2018 Apr 25.

M.D., Assistant Professor, Clinical Research Development Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to determine the accuracy of pediatric residents in diagnosis of dehydration in children with gastroenteritis.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study in Dr. Sheikh Hospital, affiliated with Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (Mashhad, Iran), in 2016. Read More

Ital J Pediatr 2018 Jun 4;44(1):64. Epub 2018 Jun 4.

Department of Translational Medical Science, Section of Pediatrics, "Federico II" University of Naples, Via S. Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.

Background: AG is the most common cause of pediatric consultations among children between 2 and 5 years of age and it still leads to high mortality and morbidity. Its management is based on rehydration therapy, but this treatment is not effective in reducing duration of diarrhea. For this reason, other safer and less expensive interventions, which could be added to oral rehydration therapy, are of great interest. Read More

Indian J Nephrol 2018 Mar-Apr;28(2):101-104

Department of Pediatrics, NMC Specialty Hospital, Dubai, UAE.

Exercise-induced rhabdomyolysis (EIR) is an uncommon cause of severe rhabdomyolysis and a very rare cause of acute kidney injury (AKI). A prospective observational study of 25 patients diagnosed with EIR was conducted in a multispecialty hospital in Dubai, from 2009 to 2015. Five out of 25 patients experienced AKI necessitating temporary renal replacement therapy. Read More

Hormones (Athens) 2018 Mar 27;17(1):33-43. Epub 2018 Apr 27.

Choremeion Research Laboratory, First Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Thivon and Levadeias streets, Goudi, 11527, Athens, Greece.

Recent studies have suggested that body composition is key to health and disease. First, fat tissue is a complex, essential, and highly active metabolic and endocrine organ that responds to afferent signals from traditional hormone systems and the central nervous system but also expresses and secretes factors with important endocrine, metabolic, and immune functions. Second, skeletal muscle mass is an important predictor of health in adult life, while severe mass loss has been associated with the frailty of old age. Read More

Acad Emerg Med 2018 Dec 4;25(12):1355-1364. Epub 2018 Jul 4.

Division of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA.

Objectives: Differences in emergency care for children exist between general and pediatric emergency departments (EDs). Some pediatric quality measures are available but are not routinely employed nationwide. We sought to create a short list of applied measures that would provide a starting point for EDs to measure pediatric emergency care quality and to compare care between general and pediatric EDs for these measures. Read More

Case Rep Crit Care 2018 30;2018:1903787. Epub 2018 Apr 30.

Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.

A 5-week-old previously healthy male presented with vomiting and diarrhea leading to hypovolemic shock and profound metabolic acidosis. He was subsequently found to have severe methemoglobinemia. The acidosis and shock improved with fluid resuscitation and methemoglobinemia was successfully treated with methylene blue. Read More

Am J Trop Med Hyg 2018 Jul 10;99(1):171-179. Epub 2018 May 10.

Department of Emergency Medicine, Brown University Warren Alpert Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island.

Diarrhea remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients worldwide. The objective of this study was to determine the relative inter-rater reliability and usability of standard and Mobile health (mHealth)-supported World Health Organization (WHO) algorithms for dehydration assessment in patients with acute diarrhea in a rural, low-income country hospital. Two nurses blinded to each other's examinations assessed dehydration status on patients soon after hospital arrival using either the standard WHO algorithm printed on a laminated card or an mHealth-supported WHO algorithm downloaded onto a smartphone. Read More

Arch Dis Child Educ Pract Ed 2018 Apr 27. Epub 2018 Apr 27.

Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Napoli, Campania, Italy.

Contemp Oncol (Pozn) 2018 3;22(1):42-46. Epub 2018 Apr 3.

Department of Pediatrics, Oncology, Hematology and Diabetology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.

Aim Of The Study: presentation of the uncommon paraneoplastic syndromes related to the gastrointestinal tract that may occur in children with neuroblastic tumors and their impact on the disease course.

Material And Methods: Retrospective analysis of three cases of patients mainly with digestive tract-related symptoms, who were originally admitted to the gastroenterology department from 2013 to 2016 and were finally diagnosed with neuroblastic tumors.

Results: The clinical data analysis showed that the symptoms from gastrointestinal tract were dominant in analyzed subjects. Read More

Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent) 2018 Jan 1;31(1):51-52. Epub 2018 Feb 1.

Department of Pediatrics, Texas A&M Health Science Center, McLane Children's Medical Center, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas.

Thiamine (vitamin B1) is an essential vitamin found in most food products in developed nations. Deficiencies in this crucial vitamin lead to diseases related to nutritional needs, metabolic demands, enzymatic function, and neurological inflammation. We present an 18-year-old patient with a history of nasopharyngeal carcinoma and total parenteral nutrition (TPN) dependence who experienced neurological manifestations and heart failure, likely due to underlying thiamine deficiency, dehydration, and vasodilation. Read More

Pak J Med Sci 2018 Jan-Feb;34(1):125-129

Dr. Ejaz Ahmed, MBBS, FCPS (Pediatrics). Department of Pediatric Neonatology, The Children's Hospital and Institute of the Child Health, Multan, Pakistan.

Objective: To determine association of in-hospital outcome of AKI with etiology in newborns at a tertiary care hospital.

Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Department of Pediatric Neonatology, The Children's Hospital and Institute of the Child Health, Multan by using non-probability purposive sampling technique from June 2016 to June 2017. A total of 101 newborns diagnosed with acute kidney injury were registered. Read More

BMJ Paediatr Open 2017 25;1(1):e000075. Epub 2017 Oct 25.

Neurology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.

Objective: To determine whether during-exercise rehydration improves swimming performance and whether sports drink or water have differential effects on performance.

Design: Randomised controlled multiple crossover trial.

Setting: A UK competitive swimming club. Read More

Emerg Med Clin North Am 2018 May 10;36(2):259-273. Epub 2018 Feb 10.

Department of Emergency Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1200 North State Street, GH Room 1011, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA. Electronic address:

The article discusses the evaluation of dehydration in children and reviews the literature on physical findings of dehydration. Pediatric dehydration is a common problem in emergency departments and wide practice variation in treatment exists. Dehydration can be treated with oral, nasogastric, subcutaneous, or intravenous fluids. Read More

Cell 2018 Apr 22;173(2):443-455.e12. Epub 2018 Mar 22.

Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. Electronic address:

Hereditary xerocytosis is thought to be a rare genetic condition characterized by red blood cell (RBC) dehydration with mild hemolysis. RBC dehydration is linked to reduced Plasmodium infection in vitro; however, the role of RBC dehydration in protection against malaria in vivo is unknown. Most cases of hereditary xerocytosis are associated with gain-of-function mutations in PIEZO1, a mechanically activated ion channel. Read More

Acta Paediatr 2018 Aug 16;107(8):1455-1460. Epub 2018 Apr 16.

Department of Paediatrics, Ostfold Hospital Trust, Grålum, Norway.

Aim: Using routine blood sampling in a gastroenteritis diagnostic workup is debatable. This study examined the relationship between the severity of acute gastroenteritis and blood test abnormalities.

Methods: We prospectively enrolled children under five years of age referred for outpatient or inpatient management for gastroenteritis from February 2014 to April 2016. Read More