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Thromb Res 2022 May 6;215:14-18. Epub 2022 May 6.

Stollery Children's Hospital, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.

Anticoagulation with Vitamin K antagonists (VKA) has always posed challenges in terms of monitoring requirements. These challenges were further exacerbated in the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic, with limited access to and/or avoidance of laboratory testing. The importance of utilizing point of care (POC) health technology for individualized patient management is salient. Read More

Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2022 May 17;16(1):37. Epub 2022 May 17.

Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Medicine, Chair of Social Pediatrics, Munich, Germany.

Background: Psychosocial stress during the COVID-19 pandemic is increasing particularly in parents. Although being specifically vulnerable to negative environmental exposures, research on psychosocial stress factors in infants' and toddlers' families during the pandemic is so far sparse. The CoronabaBY study investigates the perceived pandemic burden, parenting stress and parent and child mental health problems in families with children aged 0-3 years in Bavaria, Southern Germany. Read More

J Pediatr 2022 Mar 26. Epub 2022 Mar 26.

Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; Child Advocacy and Protection Services, Children's Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.

Objectives: To determine if, among infants evaluated for physical abuse, medical encounters for infant distress are correlated with physical abuse or a history of sentinel injuries.

Study Design: A retrospective, case control analysis of infants <12 months evaluated for physical abuse identified demographics, prior injuries, and medical encounters for infant distress. Variables were compared between abused and non-abused infants with and without sentinel injuries. Read More

Arch Argent Pediatr 2022 04 21;120(2):106-110. Epub 2022 Jan 21.

Hospital General de Agudos Dr. Juan A. Fernández, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Introduction: Changes in daily routine and social fabric resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic had an effect on children and adolescents. The objective of this study was to know the mood, emotions, and behaviors of children and adolescents during the COVID-19 lockdown.

Population And Methods: This was a prospective, descriptive, cross-sectional study. Read More

West Afr J Med 2022 Feb;39(2):154-161

Department of Paediatrics, Wesley Guild Hospital, Ilesa, Osun State, Nigeria.

Background: Infants who are aged six months and below are often protected from malaria and usually present with light parasitaemia when infected. However, complications following heavy malaria parasitaemia in this age group are being increasingly reported. This study set out to determine the prevalence, determinants and the public health implications of heavy malaria parasitaemia in young infants (aged one to six months) at the Wesley Guild Hospital, Ilesa (a unit of the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex). Read More

Child Abuse Negl 2022 05 5;127:105581. Epub 2022 Mar 5.

Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Japan.

Background: Longitudinal adverse effects of neglect-related behaviors during postpartum, especially repeated maternal non-responsiveness to the crying baby on their neuropsychological developmental trajectory, have not been fully clarified.

Objective: This study aimed to examine the association between postpartum maternal neglect-related behaviors and infant neuropsychological outcomes using the Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS).

Participants And Setting: JECS data on 100,286 mother-child pairs were analyzed. Read More

Front Psychol 2021 26;12:805543. Epub 2022 Jan 26.

Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.

Background: The SARS-COVID-19 pandemic and its associated disease control restrictions have in multiple ways affected families with young children, who may be especially vulnerable to mental health problems. Studies report an increase in perinatal parental distress as well as symptoms of anxiety or depression in children during the pandemic. Currently, little is known about the impact of the pandemic on infants and their development. Read More

Paediatr Anaesth 2022 05 14;32(5):654-664. Epub 2022 Feb 14.

Department of Anesthesiology, McGill University Health Center, Montreal Children's Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

Background: Adenotonsillectomy is associated with severe postoperative pain. The parent's postoperative pain measure (PPPM), a 15-item instrument to measure a child's pain at home, has been validated with a seven-point faces scale in children 7-12 years and with the parents' global report of pain in children 2-6 years.

Aims: Our primary objective was to validate the PPPM with a recommended age-appropriate pain scale in children 2-12 years after adenotonsillectomy. Read More

J Med Case Rep 2022 Jan 31;16(1):54. Epub 2022 Jan 31.

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Soroti Regional Referral Hospital, P.O Box 289, Soroti, Uganda.

Background: Neonatal tetanus, though now rare in developed countries, is still a significant cause of mortality in developing countries. Mortality, which can be as high as 100% without medical intervention, can be reduced to less than 10% with intensive care. Low-resource settings still lack sophisticated intensive care that has been shown to improve outcomes in high-income countries. Read More

Eur J Paediatr Dent 2021 Dec;22(4):257

Editor in chief.

As it is well known, in the 2000s the average lifespan reached unhoped-for values compared to those of the early 20th century. This incredible achievement was the combined result of improved living conditions and constant medical advancements, which together have contributed to a significant reduction in mortality. The sharp decline in infant mortality led to a general aging of the population and consequently to the great challenge of keeping the elderly healthy and self-sufficient for as long as possible. Read More

J Pediatr 2022 04 20;243:33-39.e1. Epub 2021 Dec 20.

Division of Newborn Medicine, Tufts Children's Hospital and the Tufts Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Tufts University, Boston, MA.

Objective: To standardize the clinical definition of opioid withdrawal in neonates to address challenges in clinical care, quality improvement, research, and public policy for this patient population.

Study Design: Between October and December 2020, we conducted 2 modified-Delphi panels using ExpertLens, a virtual platform for performing iterative expert engagement panels. Twenty clinical experts specializing in care for the substance-exposed mother-neonate dyad explored the necessity of key evidence-based clinical elements in defining opioid withdrawal in the neonate leading to a diagnosis of neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS)/neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS). Read More

Cureus 2021 Oct 24;13(10):e19014. Epub 2021 Oct 24.

College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences College of Medicine, Riyadh, SAU.

Background And Objectives: To examine abusive head trauma (AHT) trends using data obtained from hospital-based child protection centers (CPCs) and the distribution of age in months among young children in Saudi Arabia.

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted that includes data obtained from 58 hospital-based CPCs in all 13 regions of Saudi Arabia registered in the National Family Safety Registry from 2010 to 2020. AHT cases (n=106) were identified for inclusion in the registry by a daily review of the emergency department logbooks. Read More

Health Technol Assess 2021 11;25(67):1-76

School of Population Health and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.

Background: Acute otitis media is a painful infection of the middle ear that is commonly seen in children. In some children, the eardrum spontaneously bursts, discharging visible pus (otorrhoea) into the outer ear.

Objective: To compare the clinical effectiveness of immediate topical antibiotics or delayed oral antibiotics with the clinical effectiveness of immediate oral antibiotics in reducing symptom duration in children presenting to primary care with acute otitis media with discharge and the economic impact of the alternative strategies. Read More

Paediatr Drugs 2021 Nov 25;23(6):591-599. Epub 2021 Oct 25.

Kangaroo Foundation, Bogotá, Colombia.

Background: Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) is more frequent in premature infants. Metoclopramide was introduced routinely in premature babies followed in ambulatory care by the Colombian Kangaroo Mother Care program (KMCP), based on a 2004 Cochrane review.

Aim: Because of the recent controversy on the use of metoclopramide in children, this study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of metoclopramide given as GER disease (GERD) prophylaxis. Read More

Front Pediatr 2021 10;9:635176. Epub 2021 Sep 10.

Department of Paediatrics, S.S.D. Subintensive Neonatal Care, Children Hospital 'Regina Margherita', Turin, Italy.

Colic is a common condition in infants <4 months of age. Attempts to treat infantile colic with probiotics have shown variable efficacy and overall low evidence of success. In this work, we tested the hypothesis that oral administration of CECT7894 (KABP042) and CECT8330 (KABP041) mix (1 × 10 colony forming units) would improve the symptoms of infantile colic. Read More

Benef Microbes 2021 Nov 22;12(6):531-540. Epub 2021 Sep 22.

Department of Nutrition, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 1617, Riyue Avenue, Qingyang District, Chengdu, 6100131, China P.R.

To evaluate the administration of subsp. , BB-12 (BB-12) on infant colic in breastfed infants, a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomised study was conducted in Chengdu, China from April 2016 to October 2017 with 192 full-term infants less than 3 months of age and meeting the ROME III criteria for infant colic. After a 1-week run-in the infants were randomly assigned to receive daily BB-12 (1×10 cfu/day) or placebo for 3 weeks. Read More

Ir Med J 2021 Aug 19;114(7):415. Epub 2021 Aug 19.

Department of Paediatrics, Mullingar Regional Hospital, Westmeath.

The Period of PURPLE Crying Program is an educational program delivered to parents of newborn children that aims to reduce the incidence of abusive head trauma/shaken baby syndrome1. The program was developed by a research-based, non-profit organisation and has already been implemented in many countries around the world. It educates parents on what to expect during the first few months of their newborn infant's life, allowing parents to become more informed and better prepared to care for their child. Read More

Int J Eat Disord 2021 11 10;54(11):1978-1988. Epub 2021 Sep 10.

Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.

Objective: Expert consensus increasingly recognizes intensive multidisciplinary intervention (IMI) as the standard of care to address chronic and severe feeding problems in pediatric populations. In this study, we examined the clinical presentation, intervention characteristics, and treatment outcomes for young children receiving IMI for avoidant restrictive rood intake disorder (ARFID) involving nutritional insufficiencies associated with severe food selectivity.

Method: We followed the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology statement to conduct this retrospective chart review. Read More

S Afr J Psychol 2021 Sep 12;51(3):409-421. Epub 2020 Oct 12.

Institute for Life Course Health Research, Department of Global Health, Stellenbosch University, South Africa.

There are an estimated 32,000 incident cases of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in children globally each year. Extended hospitalisation is often required to ensure optimal adherence to the complex multidrug-resistant tuberculosis treatment regimen. Hospitalisation usually results in caregiver-child separation which is known to cause psychological difficulties in children. Read More

Children (Basel) 2021 Jul 30;8(8). Epub 2021 Jul 30.

Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Sophia Children's Hospital, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.

Background: Caring for an excessively crying infant (ECI) can be stressful for mothers and fathers and is associated with mental and bonding problems. Hair cortisol offers a unique measure for the biological reaction of the body to stress over time.

Methods: In this case-control study, scalp hair cortisol concentrations (HCC) were measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS) in 35 mothers and 23 fathers and their ECIs. Read More

Crit Care Med 2022 01;50(1):e20-e30

Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.

Objectives: To evaluate which individual elements of health-related quality of life contribute most to decline in overall health-related quality of life status following pediatric critical care.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: Seattle Children's Hospital. Read More

Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2021 08 16;8:CD011786. Epub 2021 Aug 16.

School of Medicine, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.

Background: This is an updated version of a Cochrane Review published in 2017. Paediatric neurodiagnostic investigations, including brain neuroimaging and electroencephalography (EEG), play an important role in the assessment of neurodevelopmental disorders. The use of an appropriate sedative agent is important to ensure the successful completion of the neurodiagnostic procedures, particularly in children, who are usually unable to remain still throughout the procedure. Read More

Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021 07 23;18(15). Epub 2021 Jul 23.

School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.

Objectives: Parents of children diagnosed with critical illnesses face multiple challenges during their caregiving experience. However, relevant studies have been limited in the Chinese context. Guided by the stress and coping model, we conducted a qualitative study to identify the stressors, coping strategies, and adjustment experiences of Hong Kong parents of children with cancer or hematological disorders. Read More

J Paediatr Child Health 2021 Aug 6. Epub 2021 Aug 6.

Department of Paediatrics, Selayang Hospital, Malaysia.

JAMA Pediatr 2021 11;175(11):1181

Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia School of Medicine, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.

Int Med Case Rep J 2021 13;14:471-474. Epub 2021 Jul 13.

Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, College of Health Sciences, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia.

Background: Neonatal hip septic arthritis is one of the rarest clinical conditions epidemiologically but with momentous long-term sequelae. Early detection and proper intervention have a paramount role in alleviating the shattering long-term effects. The clinical presentation of neonatal hip septic arthritis is very non-specific, with limited movement of the extremities and excessive crying during manipulations such as diaper changing. Read More

Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi 2021 Jun;59(6):466-470

Department of Pediatrics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China.

To enhance the early recognition of Prader-Willi syndrome by summarizing the clinical characteristics of Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) during perinatal period. Through a nationwide cross-sectional study in the Department of Pediatrics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences,226 children diagnosed as PWS by molecular genetics were recruited from September 2019 to March 2020. Clinical data including fetuses Age, birth weight, fetal movement, fetal position, amniotic fluid, mode of bith, crying, muscle tension, feeding, and cryptorchidism were collected to analyze the clinical characteristics of Chinese PWS patients in the perinatal period, and according to the mode of birty, birth weight and genotypes to perform subgroup analysis. Read More

Indian J Pediatr 2021 Dec 31;88(12):1187-1194. Epub 2021 May 31.

The INCLEN Trust International, F1/5, Okhla Industrial Area, Phase 1, New Delhi, 110020, India.

Objective: To report background intussusception epidemiology in children under-two years in Coimbatore district of Tamil Nadu state, India, prior to rotavirus vaccine (RVV) introduction.

Methods: Prospective sentinel surveillance was done at four hospitals in Coimbatore during April 2016 to September 2017. The children aged >1 mo and < 24 mo with diagnosed intussusception were recruited and data on clinical, treatment, diet, immunization, and sociodemography were collected. Read More

CJEM 2021 09 26;23(5):655-662. Epub 2021 May 26.

Department of Pediatrics Emergency, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, 3175 Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada.

Objective: The efficacy of oral sweet solutions to decrease pain in infants during painful procedures remains uncertain. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of an oral sucrose solution versus placebo in reducing pain during bladder catheterization in infants in the Emergency Department (ED).

Methods: A randomized, double-blind clinical trial was conducted in a pediatric university-affiliated hospital ED. Read More

Med Sci Monit 2021 May 14;27:e930214. Epub 2021 May 14.

Department of Pediatrics, Heim Pál National Pediatric Institute, Budapest, Hungary.

BACKGROUND Regulation disorders are already apparent in infancy. The For Healthy Offspring Project was the first Hungarian study aimed at building an effective model for screening and examining the prevalence and complex (medical and psychosocial) background of classic behavior regulation disorders (excessive crying, feeding, and sleep problems) in infancy. MATERIAL AND METHODS Data were collected from families of 0- to 3-year-old children in a pediatric hospital and its neighboring areas through questionnaires, medical examinations, and individual and small-group consultations. Read More