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BMC Pediatr 2021 06 4;21(1):260. Epub 2021 Jun 4.

Department of General Practice/Family Medicine, University of Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 4, 35043, Marburg, Germany.

Background: For evidence-based decision making, primary care physicians need to have specific and reliable information on the pre-test probabilities of underlying diseases and a symptom's course. We performed a systematic review of symptom-evaluating studies in primary care, following three research questions: (1) What is the prevalence of the symptom cough in children consulting primary care physicians? (2) What are the underlying aetiologies of cough and the respective frequencies? (3) What is the prognosis of children with cough?

Methods: Following a pre-defined algorithm and independent double reviewer ratings we searched MEDLINE and EMBASE. All quantitative original research articles in English, French or German were included if they focused on unselected study populations of children consulting a primary care physician for cough. Read More

Turk J Med Sci 2021 May 20. Epub 2021 May 20.

Introduction: Use of topical anesthesia before flexible bronchoscopy for the evaluation of the upper airways prevents cough and stridor during and after the procedure while reducing the need for sedation. In practice, lidocaine is the medication of choice before bronchoscopy. There various types of nebulizers used for inhalation treatments. Read More

Pediatr Pulmonol 2021 Jul 26;56(7):2345-2354. Epub 2021 Apr 26.

Australian Health Services Institute, Center for Healthcare Transformation, Queensland University of Technology, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.

Introduction: Cough is an important contributor to the health burden of children and their families. There are limited data describing healthcare utilization and medication use over the course of a cough illness beyond the initial presentation. Our primary objective was to describe medication and healthcare use in children with a respiratory illness with cough as a symptom over the course of the illness. Read More

Transl Pediatr 2021 Mar;10(3):673-678

Department of Children's Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.

Pseudomembranous laryngotracheobronchitis is rarely reported yet potentially life-threatening infectious cause of airway obstruction in children. The causative organisms of this condition are often considered to promote bacterial superinfection following viral infection. We report a case of pseudomembranous laryngotracheobronchitis in a patient caused by human bocavirus 1 and (). Read More

Pediatr Pulmonol 2021 Jul 15;56(7):2377-2378. Epub 2021 Apr 15.

Department of Paediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.

BMC Genomics 2021 Apr 14;22(1):267. Epub 2021 Apr 14.

Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.

Background: The back plays a vital role in horse locomotion, where the spine functions as a spring during the stride cycle. A complex interaction between the spine and the muscles of the back contribute to locomotion soundness, gait ability, and performance of riding and racehorses. Conformation is commonly used to select horses for breeding and performance in multiple horse breeds, where the back and croup conformation plays a significant role. Read More

BMC Infect Dis 2021 Apr 7;21(1):323. Epub 2021 Apr 7.

Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 1161 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.

Background: Parainfluenza virus (PIV) is a leading cause of acute respiratory illness (ARI) in children. However, few studies have characterized the clinical features and outcomes associated with PIV infections among young children in the Middle East.

Methods: We conducted hospital-based surveillance for ARI among children < 2 years of age in a large referral hospital in Amman, Jordan. Read More

Am J Clin Nutr 2021 06;113(6):1609-1618

Priority Research Centre Grow Up Well, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.

Background: The risk of wheezing is high in infancy and is heightened in infants with a family history of asthma/atopy. The role of breastfeeding in influencing respiratory health for these high-risk infants is unclear.

Objectives: To systematically appraise evidence for the association between breastfeeding and wheeze incidences and severity in high-risk infants. Read More

J Equine Vet Sci 2021 04 3;99:103400. Epub 2021 Feb 3.

Department of Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.

Videodermoscopy is a novel, noninvasive technique used to examine the appearance of skin and its adnexa. The aim of this study was to assess specific dermoscopic parameters in Arabian purebred mares in particular areas of the body during the winter season. The study was performed in the winter season. Read More

BMC Infect Dis 2021 Mar 26;21(1):306. Epub 2021 Mar 26.

State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China.

Background: Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are among the leading causes of hospitalization in children. Understanding the local dominant viral etiologies is important to inform infection control practices and clinical management. This study aimed to investigate the viral etiology and epidemiology of respiratory infections among pediatric inpatients in Macao. Read More

Case Rep Pulmonol 2021 2;2021:8877182. Epub 2021 Mar 2.

Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Centre, Department of Pediatric, Bahrami Children's Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

The manifestations of novel coronavirus are diverse and can manifest through respiratory, gastrointestinal, and even nervous symptoms. Respiratory involvement is usually an upper tract infection or pneumonia but can also present as other forms of pulmonary disorders. A 3-year-old boy presented with cough, hoarseness, and stridor. Read More

J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv 2021 04 12;34(2):71-78. Epub 2021 Mar 12.

Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania USA.

Carrier gases provide the medium for delivery of inhaled aerosol therapies. The physical properties of these gases substantially affect both fluid and aerosol mechanics in the lung. Gas density affects both the pressure/flow relationship in the airways and the extent of turbulence within the flow. Read More

PLoS One 2021 5;16(3):e0247950. Epub 2021 Mar 5.

Department of Animal Science, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, UFRPE, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.

In vivo and carcass measurements were evaluated to predict carcass physical and chemical composition and to list the measurements that best fit the prediction of the composition of growing Santa Inês sheep carcasses. Thirty-three animals were used to measure the loin eye area by ultrasound in vivo (LEAu) and in the carcass. We used 39 animals for biometric measurement in vivo and 42 sheep for morphometric measurement in the carcass. Read More

Am J Emerg Med 2021 Feb 22. Epub 2021 Feb 22.

Children's Hospital of the King's Daughters, 601 Children's Lane, Norfolk, VA, 23507, USA; Eastern Virginia Medical School, P.O. Box 1980, Norfolk, VA 23501-1980, USA. Electronic address:

Am J Emerg Med 2021 Feb 18. Epub 2021 Feb 18.

Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, the Netherlands. Electronic address:

Aust J Gen Pract 2021 03;50(3):151-156

BSc (Hons), MBBS, FRACP, Consultant Paediatrician and Endocrinologist, [email protected] [email protected] Hospital, Vic.

Background: Corticosteroids are adrenal steroid hormones responsible for immune homeostasis, blood pressure regulation, energy and appetite regulation, and suppression of inflammation. Oral corticosteroids ('steroids') are commonly used in children for a number of medical conditions, including asthma, croup, inflammatory bowel disease and nephrotic syndrome. There has been some concern about potential side effects of oral, topical or inhaled steroids, including reduction in growth, weight gain, behavioural changes and immunosuppression resulting in infection. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2021 Feb 22;14(2). Epub 2021 Feb 22.

Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India.

We reported here a boy aged 5 years who presented for the evaluation of recurrent croup since infancy. On chest examination, breath sounds were reduced throughout the right lung field with a shifting of the trachea and cardiac apex to the right side. The chest radiograph showed a small right lung with decreased vascularity, hyperinflated left lung and mediastinum shifted towards the right side. Read More

PLoS One 2021 19;16(2):e0247527. Epub 2021 Feb 19.

Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.

Introduction: Adverse birth outcomes have important consequences for future lung health. We evaluated patterns of respiratory health services utilization in early childhood among children born preterm (PTB), small and large for gestational age at term (SGA and LGA, respectively), and appropriate-for-gestational age at term.

Materials And Methods: We conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study using administrative health data of all singleton live births in Alberta, Canada between 2005-2010. Read More

J Appl Genet 2021 May 19;62(2):297-306. Epub 2021 Feb 19.

Escola de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA, 40170-110, Brazil.

The aim of this study was to verify the effect of the inclusion of coat color on the genetic parameter estimation for linear measurements in Campolina horses. Two models (1 and 2) were applied. For model 1, coat color effect was not included as variable of the contemporary group formation; in model 2, it was included. Read More

PLoS One 2021 25;16(1):e0245187. Epub 2021 Jan 25.

VNU University of Economics and Business, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam.

Supplier selection and segmentation are crucial tasks of companies in order to reduce costs and increase the competitiveness of their goods. To handle uncertainty and dynamicity in the supplier segmentation problem, this research thus proposes a new dynamic generalized fuzzy multi-criteria group decision making (MCGDM) approach from the aspects of capability and willingness and with respect to environmental issues. The proposed approach defines the aggregated ratings of alternatives, the aggregated weights of criteria, and the weighted ratings by using generalized fuzzy numbers with the effect of time weight. Read More

Rev Med Chil 2020 Jun;148(6):831-841

Escuela Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic, immune-mediated disease, induced by food allergens, clinically characterized by symptoms of esophageal dysfunction. Pathologically there is a predominant eosinophilic inflammation. This disease is relatively new, and its definitions have evolved over time. Read More

Indian J Crit Care Med 2020 Dec;24(12):1230-1235

Department of Paediatrics, Maulana Azad Medical College and Associated Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi, India.

Background And Aims: Postextubation stridor (PES) is a serious complication in ventilated patients which increases the length of stay in intensive care units (ICUs). We studied the efficacy of dexamethasone in prevention of PES in ventilated children.

Materials And Methods: A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial was carried out in pediatric ICU. Read More

PLoS One 2020 31;15(12):e0244818. Epub 2020 Dec 31.

School of Civil Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, P.R China.

Grassroots have received more attention than the traditional method as soil reinforcement materials, especially the use of vetiver and other vegetation protection methods to treat expansive soil slope, have been tried and applied. To study the influence of grassroots on the strength properties of expansive soil, the laws of vetiver root growth over time and its vertical distribution of root content(δ) were firstly investigated by the experiment of planting vetiver. Then different δ and depth of planted soil were obtained. Read More

Microbiol Immunol 2021 Jan 31;65(1):1-9. Epub 2020 Dec 31.

Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.

Human parainfluenza virus (HPIV) infection is associated with every kind of respiratory tract illnesses, including the common cold, laryngotracheobronchitis (i.e. croup), tracheobronchitis, bronchiolitis, and pneumonia, in both children and adults. Read More

PeerJ 2020 18;8:e10354. Epub 2020 Nov 18.

Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.

Background: Biomechanical studies of walk, especially walk on the circle, are scarce, while circles or curved tracks are frequently used during equestrian activities. To study horse-rider-circle interactions on the circle, the first steps would be to investigate how the unridden, freely walking horse is influenced by circular movement, and then add a rider. The aim was to study horse vertical trunk movements, and sagittal cannon angles (protraction-retraction) during walk in straight-line and on the circle without rider, and on the circle with a rider using minimal influence. Read More

Hosp Pediatr 2020 12;10(12):1068-1077

Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada.

Objectives: We sought to determine predictors of hospitalization for children presenting with croup to emergency departments (EDs), as well as predictors of repeat ED presentation and of hospital readmissions within 18 months of index admission. We also aimed to develop a practical tool to predict hospitalization risk upon ED presentation.

Methods: Multiple deterministically linked health administrative data sets from Ontario, Canada, were used to conduct this population-based cohort study between April 1, 2006 and March 31, 2017. Read More

J Am Coll Emerg Physicians Open 2020 Oct 8;1(5):955-964. Epub 2020 Jun 8.

Department of Emergency Medicine University of California San Diego (UCSD) San Diego California USA.

Objectives: Prehospital protocols vary across local emergency medical service (EMS) agencies in California. We sought to develop evidence-based recommendations for the out-of-hospital evaluation and treatment of pediatric respiratory distress, and we evaluated the protocols for pediatric respiratory distress used by the 33 California local EMS agencies.

Methods: Evidence-based recommendations were developed through an extensive literature review of the current evidence regarding out-of-hospital treatment of pediatric patients with respiratory distress. Read More

J Anim Breed Genet 2021 Mar 2;138(2):179-187. Epub 2020 Nov 2.

Escola de Medicina e Veterinária e Zootecnia, UFBA Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil.

Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to evaluate the genetic variability and relationship between 15 morphometric traits in 91,483 Campolina horses, as well as to propose an index based on an aggregate genotype that promotes a particular selection objective. PCA was applied to the genetic (co)variance matrix among variables. After calculation of the principal components, the breeding values were estimated to obtain an index related to the component that explained most of the variation. Read More

Children (Basel) 2020 Oct 28;7(11). Epub 2020 Oct 28.

Department of Pediatrics, UC Davis Children's Hospital, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.

Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) is a syndrome of high pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) commonly seen all over the world in the immediate newborn period. Several case reports from India have recently described severe pulmonary hypertension among infants in the postneonatal period. These cases typically present with respiratory distress in 1-6-month-old infants, breastfed by mothers on a polished rice-based diet. Read More

Huan Jing Ke Xue 2020 Aug;41(8):3731-3739

Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.

Ammonia inhibition is an important factor impacting methane production efficiency during the anaerobic digestion of high-solid organic wastes. This study investigated the effect of micro-sized zero-valent iron (m-ZVI) on the anaerobic digestion of excess sewage sludge and thermal hydrolyzed sludge using batch mode experiments. The effect of m-ZVI on ammonia inhibition mitigation was also studied. Read More