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IDCases 2020 18;21:e00877. Epub 2020 Jun 18.

Department of pediatrics and neonatology FPGE, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Communal noncommercial enterprise of Lviv regional council "Western Ukrainian Specialized Children's Medical Centre", Lviv, Ukraine.

The measles epidemic was observed in Ukraine during 20172019. According to WHO, in Ukraine there was registered the highest number of measles cases in Europe during that period [8]. Measles is characterized by an acute course with fever, maculopapular rash, cough, conjunctivitis and can lead to central nervous system complications (encephalitis, encephalomyelitis) and bronchopulmonary system complications (laryngotracheobronchitis, bronchiolitis, pneumonia). Read More

Huan Jing Ke Xue 2020 Mar;41(3):1425-1431

Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.

To study the migration and transformation of methylmercury during advanced anaerobic digestion of sludge and the role of sulfate, this study investigated the migration and transformation of methylmercury during different stages of sludge anaerobic digestion (AD) with thermal hydrolysis pretreatment and under different dosages of sulfate addition. The results showed that mercury methylation occurred in the initial stage of AD (Day 1-3), the ratio of methylmercury to total mercury increased from 0.024% (range of 0. Read More

Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2020 Jun 3;136:110158. Epub 2020 Jun 3.

Albert Einstein School of Medicine, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY, USA; Montefiore Medical Center, Department of Radiology, Bronx, NY, USA. Electronic address:

Congenital airway malformations can present with respiratory distress, cyanosis, and difficulty feeding in the neonate or infant. Clinical presentation may vary from asymptomatic to fatal airway obstruction. They may exist in isolation or in association with vascular rings and slings, bronchopulmonary malformations, and/or syndromes. Read More

Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020 Jun 7;17(11). Epub 2020 Jun 7.

Tianjin Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China.

Children spend most of their indoors time at home, which may have substantial influence on their health. We conducted a cross-sectional study in the Tianjin area, China to quantify the incidence of respiratory infections among children, and its association with home environments and lifestyles. The lifetime-ever incidences of croup, pneumonia and ear infection among children aged 0-8 in Tianjin area was 9. Read More

Drug Ther Bull 2020 Apr 30. Epub 2020 Apr 30.

Every month, DTB scans sources of information on treatments, disease management and other healthcare topics for key items to bring to our readers' attention and help them keep up to date. To do this, we produce succinct, contextualised summaries of the information concerned. Read More

BMC Pediatr 2020 Apr 24;20(1):185. Epub 2020 Apr 24.

Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Level 6, 75 Talavera Road, North Ryde, New South Wales, 2109, Australia.

Background: Infections caused by antibiotic resistant pathogens are increasing, with antibiotic overuse a key contributing factor.

Objective: The CareTrack Kids (CTK) team assessed the care of children in Australia aged 0-15 years in 2012 and 2013 to determine the proportion of care in line with clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for 17 common conditions. This study analyses indicators relating to paediatric antibiotic overuse to identify those which should be prioritised by antimicrobial stewardship and clinical improvement programs. Read More

Animals (Basel) 2020 Apr 13;10(4). Epub 2020 Apr 13.

Departament de Ciència Animal, Universitat de Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain.

This is the first morphological comparative study between local horses and mules from Arauca, Colombia. It was realized to compare morphological traits between both species by analysing 15 adult mules (7 males and 8 females) and 150 adult horses (137 males and 13 females), with an age interval from 2 to 22 years. Data consisted of 24 different body quantitative traits which can explain the body conformation: thoracic circumference, body length (BL), thoracic depth and width, withers height (WH), sternum height, shoulders width, chest width, forelimb cannon perimeter and length, head length and width, skull length and width, face length and width, ear length and width, loin height, croup height (CrH), width and length, dock height (DoH), and hock height. Read More

Rev Prat 2019 Sep;69(7):809-810

École pratique des hautes études, Paris, France.

J Emerg Med 2020 Mar 23;58(3):e157-e160. Epub 2020 Mar 23.

Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Pediatric Anesthesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.

Background: Subglottic stenosis is a frequent complication of endotracheal intubation in children and can create a difficult airway situation for subsequent respiratory illnesses. Difficult airway algorithms are an essential aid when dealing with respiratory failure in clinical situations where ventilation or intubation is unsuccessful.

Case Report: A 4-month-old infant with a history of previous endotracheal intubation required endotracheal intubation for stridor and respiratory failure due to croup. Read More

PeerJ 2020 3;8:e8598. Epub 2020 Mar 3.

Department of Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.

The dominant donkey breed in the Balkans is the mid-sized Balkan donkey with a grey to chocolate coat color. Local breeders from Serbia, however, still maintain a few larger individuals of a lighter coat color, named Banat donkey, and speculate that they are descendants of a Spanish donkey heard that had been transferred to the Banat region by the Hapsburg Queen Maria Theresa in the XVIII century for a specific purpose, to work in local vineyards. We have previously found a unique nuclear gene-pool and a prevalence of mitochondrial Clade 2 haplotypes in several such animals. Read More

Pediatrics 2020 04 13;145(4). Epub 2020 Mar 13.

Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; and.

Background: For children who cannot be discharged from the emergency department, definitive care has become less frequent at most hospitals. It is uncertain whether this is true for common conditions that do not require specialty care. We sought to determine how the likelihood of definitive care has changed for 3 common pediatric conditions: asthma, croup, and gastroenteritis. Read More

Sci Rep 2020 Mar 9;10(1):4311. Epub 2020 Mar 9.

Beijing Key Lab of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.

The extensive literature has reported adverse effects on environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) on children's health. We aim to analyze associations of ETS with dry night cough, croup, pneumonia, and frequent common cold and to disentangle the effects of prenatal, infancy and childhood exposure by multilevel logistic regression. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 41,176 children aged 3-8 years in 8 major cities of China during 2010-2011, and obtained demographic information, smoke exposure information, and respiratory outcomes. Read More

Animals (Basel) 2020 Feb 21;10(2). Epub 2020 Feb 21.

Department of Horse Breeding and Use, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland.

It was assumed that a horse with its rider body weight found in the upper limit may negatively impact the horse's welfare. The objective of this paper was to analyze the differences in body temperature and selected heart rate parameters in horses in response to physical exercise accompanied by various rider's body weight loads. The study was carried out on 12 leisure, 10-15-year-old warmblood geldings. Read More

World J Emerg Med 2020 ;11(2):125-126

Department of Emergency Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China.

Hosp Pediatr 2020 Mar 10;10(3):199-205. Epub 2020 Feb 10.

Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.

Objectives: To assess the relationship between vaccination status and clinician adherence to quality measures for children with acute respiratory tract illnesses.

Methods: We conducted a multicenter prospective cohort study of children aged 0 to 16 years who presented with 1 of 4 acute respiratory tract illness diagnoses (community-acquired pneumonia, croup, asthma, and bronchiolitis) between July 2014 and June 2016. The predictor variable was provider-documented up-to-date (UTD) vaccination status. Read More

Laryngoscope 2020 Feb 10. Epub 2020 Feb 10.

Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, U.S.A.

Objective: The mechanism by which recurrent croup occurs is unknown. Gastroesophageal reflux is commonly implicated, although this relationship is only loosely documented. We conducted a systematic review with a meta-analysis component to evaluate the relationship between recurrent croup and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and to assess for evidence of improvement in croup symptoms when treated. Read More

Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2020 03 3;34(2):150-160. Epub 2020 Feb 3.

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.

Background: Socio-economically deprived children face a disproportionate burden of respiratory diseases. The association between area-level material and social deprivation and emergency department (ED) visits and hospitalisations for paediatric respiratory diseases has not been explored.

Objectives: We evaluated health inequalities in emergency department (ED) visits and hospitalisations for paediatric respiratory diseases according to material and social deprivation indexes. Read More

Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2020 Apr 16;131:109886. Epub 2020 Jan 16.

Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Stollery Children's Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Electronic address:

Introduction: Injection laryngoplasty (IL) is a brief, minimally invasive procedure involving injection of agents to augment the interarytenoid space. It was initially described as a diagnostic and temporizing measure for management of type one laryngeal clefts (LC1) and associated swallowing dysfunction (SwD), but more gradually it is being proposed as a definitive treatment modality. However, the morbidity of this treatment for LC1 remains under-investigated. Read More

BMC Vet Res 2020 Jan 9;16(1):10. Epub 2020 Jan 9.

Equine Sport Medicine Center CEMEDE, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Campus Universitario de Rabanales, 14004, Cordoba, España.

Background: Capacitive resistive electric transfer (CRET), a radiofrequency at 448 kHz, resulted in increased superficial and deep temperature and hemoglobin saturation, faster elimination of metabolic and inflammatory products and enhanced sport performance in humans. This research aims to investigate whether the application of CRET affects the locomotor pattern in horses and to assess whether an accumulative effect appears when two CRET sessions are applied two consecutive days.

Methods: Nine horses were subjected to two CRET sessions applied in both right and left sides of neck, shoulder, back and croup. Read More

J Pediatr 2020 01;216:242-245

The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.

Sci Rep 2019 11 29;9(1):17893. Epub 2019 Nov 29.

Department of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Children Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.

Croup is the leading infectious disease resulting in pediatric upper airway obstruction. Our purpose is to analyze diverse features of neck radiographs could be seen as an objective tool to predict outcomes in patients with croup. One hundred and ninety-two patients were prospectively recruited in pediatric emergency department with diagnosis of croup. Read More

J Dairy Sci 2020 Feb 20;103(2):1642-1650. Epub 2019 Nov 20.

Departamento de Zootecnia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, São Paulo 14884-900, Brazil. Electronic address:

This research aimed to estimate genetic parameters for milk yield and type traits [withers height (WH), croup height (CH), body length (BL), croup length (CL), iliac width (ILW), ischial width (ISW), and thoracic circumference] in Murrah buffaloes and to identify genomic regions related to type traits by applying a single-step genome-wide association study. Data used to estimate the genetic parameters consisted of 601 records of milk yield in the first lactation and the aforementioned type traits. For the single-step genome-wide association study, 322 samples genotyped with a 90K Axiom Buffalo Genotyping array (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Santa Clara, CA) were used. Read More

Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2019 Oct 20;71(Suppl 1):45-48. Epub 2016 May 20.

Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head Neck Surgery, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Subglottic cysts (SGCs) are a rare cause of airway obstruction in children. Medical advances, higher survival rates for preterm infants, and improved diagnostic equipment have increased the number of reported cases of SGCs over the last three decades, the majority occurring in infants who had been extremely premature neonates and had suffered from respiratory distress, therefore having been intubated and managed in neonatal ICUs. Symptoms of laryngeal cysts depend on the size and the location of the cyst and include a change in the tone of voice, dysphonia, hoarseness, dysphagia, stridor, and dyspnea. Read More

N Engl J Med 2019 Nov;381(20):1940-1949

From the Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery/Surgical Oncology (A.E., J.R.A., J.C.I.) and the Institute for Health Policy Management and Evaluation (A.E., J.R.A.), University of Toronto, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and Michael Garron Hospital (A.E.), the Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (A.E.), and Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (J.R.A., J.C.I.) - all in Toronto.

Pediatr Int 2020 Jan 19;62(1):52-58. Epub 2020 Jan 19.

Department of Pediatrics, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Background: The characteristics of human parainfluenza virus type 4 (hPIV4) infection are not thoroughly understood. We therefore clarified the characteristics of hPIV4 in Korea.

Method: From January 2013 to December 2017, children admitted with respiratory tract infection at the Department of Pediatrics in Chung-Ang University Hospital were enrolled in the study. Read More

Adv Respir Med 2019 ;87(5):308-316

Department of Otolaryngology, Children's Hospital, Warsaw, Poland.

In about 3% of children, viral infections of the airways that develop in early childhood lead to narrowing of the laryngeal lumen in the subglottic region resulting in symptoms such as hoarseness, abarking cough, stridor, and dyspnea. These infections may eventually cause respiratory failure. The disease is often called acute subglottic laryngitis (ASL). Read More

Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2020 Jan 15;128:109733. Epub 2019 Oct 15.

Airway Surgery Unit, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy.

Objectives: Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) is a complex problem in pediatric population: diagnosis and clinical presentation are still controversial. Classic white light endoscopy shows some pathognomonic signs of LPR in children, such as thickening of pharyngo-laryngeal mucus, the cobblestoning aspect of pharyngeal mucosa, arytenoid edema/hyperemia, nodular thickening/true vocal cord edema, hypertrophy of the posterior commissure, subglottic edema. The NBI (Narrow Band Imaging) technology, generally used in oncology, allows to study neoangiogenesis and hypervascularization of the mucosa, common aspects in both chronic inflammation and neoplastic transformation. Read More

J Pediatr Nurs 2020 Jan - Feb;50:5-13. Epub 2019 Oct 26.

Neonatal Intensive Care, Pediatrics, Women, Children and Family Nursing, Rush University Medical Chicago, IL USA. Electronic address:

Problem: Breastfed infants experience less severe infections while actively breastfeeding. However, little is known about whether a history of prior breastfeeding affects severity of illness. Therefore, the purpose of this integrative review was to examine the relationship between previous exposure to mother's own milk (MOM) feeding and severity of respiratory infectious illness in infants and children. Read More

Int J Qual Health Care 2019 Dec;31(10):759-767

Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sydney Children's Hospital, High St., Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia.

Objective: To determine the extent to which care received by Australian children presenting with croup is in agreement with Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPGs).

Design: Retrospective population-based sample survey. Croup clinical indicators were derived from CPGs. Read More

J Neurosurg Pediatr 2019 Oct 18:1-5. Epub 2019 Oct 18.

Neurenteric cysts (NCs) are rare congenital lesions with epithelial mucin-secreting walls. They can occur anywhere along the neural axis, and an intrinsic midbrain cyst is extraordinary. Surgical management may pose a challenge due to the location of the lesion and adhesion of the cyst wall to the surrounding brainstem. Read More

Pediatrics 2019 11 17;144(5). Epub 2019 Oct 17.

Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.

Objectives: To evaluate variation in resource use for children with acute respiratory tract illness (ARTI) by vaccination status.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of children 0 to 16 years of age at 5 children's hospitals with 1 of 4 ARTI diagnoses (pneumonia, croup, asthma, and bronchiolitis) between July 2014 and June 2016. The predictor variable was provider-documented up-to-date (UTD) vaccination status (yes or no). Read More

Ear Nose Throat J 2019 Dec 9;98(10):NP147-NP148. Epub 2019 Oct 9.

Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nemours Children's Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.

Animals (Basel) 2019 Sep 23;9(10). Epub 2019 Sep 23.

Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7046, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.

In dressage, the performance of transitions between gaits and halts is an integral part of riding sessions. The study aimed to evaluate rein tension before, during and after the transitions between different gaits and the transitions into halts. The kinematic (inertial measurement units) data for the head and croup, and rein tension data, were collected (128 Hz) from six professional riders each riding three of their own horses, training levels varying from basic to advanced, during normal training sessions. Read More

Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2019 Dec 17;127:109686. Epub 2019 Sep 17.

Section of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Section of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Electronic address:

Background: Croup is a common respiratory illness in children. It presents with a barky cough, stridor and hoarseness occurring secondary to inflammation of the subglottis and larynx. The clinical course of croup is well-described, however atypical presentations pose a diagnostic and management challenge. Read More

J Gen Fam Med 2019 Sep 28;20(5):213-214. Epub 2019 Jun 28.

Emergency Department Okayama Saiseikai General Hospital Okayama Japan.

Cervical radiography showed subglottic narrowing of the trachea suggestive of steeple sign. Read More

Hosp Pediatr 2019 10 6;9(10):820-823. Epub 2019 Sep 6.

Department of Pediatrics and.

J Equine Vet Sci 2019 09 3;80:27-32. Epub 2019 Jul 3.

Emerita, Department of Animal Science, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Howell, NJ.

Weanlings undergo rapid body development in the first year of life and, in this period, are more susceptible to helminth infection that can impair their growth. The objective of this study was to compare the apparent digestibility of nutrients, blood parameters, and body development of deworming and not deworming weanlings. Fourteen Mangalarga Marchador weanling colts, on a farm in Northern Minas Gerais, Brazil, were divided into two groups: dewormed (D) and not dewormed (ND) groups. Read More

Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2019 Nov 13;126:109641. Epub 2019 Aug 13.

Department of Surgery, Section of Otolaryngology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Surgery, Section of Otolaryngology, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale-New Haven Hospital, Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT, USA. Electronic address:

Objectives: To characterize cases of croup presenting to emergency departments (EDs) nationwide, analyze trends, and determine readmission rates.

Methods: Retrospective review of the Nationwide Emergency Department Sample (2007-2014) and the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (2008-2015).

Results: Both databases provided similar descriptive statistics. Read More

Laryngoscope 2020 May 20;130(5):E372-E374. Epub 2019 Aug 20.

Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.A.

J Med Microbiol 2019 Oct;68(10):1517-1525

Department of Microbiology, National Reference Centre for toxigenic corynebacteria, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium.

In Western Europe, the incidence of both respiratory and cutaneous diphtheria, caused by toxin-producing , or , has been low over the past few decades thanks to the use of an effective vaccine and a high level of vaccination coverage. However, the disease has still not been eradicated and continues to occur in all of Europe. In order to prevent sequelae or a fatal outcome, diphtheria antitoxin (DAT) should be administered to suspected diphtheria patients as soon as possible, but economic factors and issues concerning regulations have led to poor availability of DAT in many countries. Read More

Pediatrics 2019 09 15;144(3). Epub 2019 Aug 15.

Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.

Objectives: The use of either prednisolone or low-dose dexamethasone in the treatment of childhood croup lacks a rigorous evidence base despite widespread use. In this study, we compare dexamethasone at 0.6 mg/kg with both low-dose dexamethasone at 0. Read More

J Emerg Med 2019 Sep 12;57(3):314-321. Epub 2019 Aug 12.

Children's Minnesota Research Institute, Children's Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.

Background: Croup admission decision making is challenging because the rate of further interventions after stabilization is unclear.

Objective: We sought to describe rates of inpatient racemic epinephrine (IRE) and additional inpatient airway interventions (IAI) (oxygen or heliox therapy, intubation, or transfer to an intensive care unit) among patients presenting to a tertiary children's hospital with croup.

Methods: This was a retrospective descriptive study including patients (3 months to 8 years of age) with an emergency department (ED)/inpatient encounter for croup from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2016 at a tertiary children's hospital. Read More

PeerJ 2019 9;7:e7450. Epub 2019 Aug 9.

Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding PAS, Jastrzebiec, Poland.

Background: Many horse breeds in the world are reserved as genetic resources; however, their characteristics seem to be insufficiently clarified, especially in terms of horse performance. Two jumping ability evaluation methods have been used to compare different types of performance breeds and on this basis their applicability for precision phenotyping has been determined.

Methods: Jumping data of 186 young Polish Warmblood stallions (27 with an endangered status) bred for sport and multipurpose use was collected during their performance tests organised under identical environmental conditions following the same guidelines. Read More

PeerJ 2019 1;7:e7434. Epub 2019 Aug 1.

Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey.

The study investigates the solution of the multicollinearity between certain body measurements of Romanov lambs and prediction of the body weight of Romanov lambs using the thus calculated factor analysis scores and a multiple regression model. For this purpose, the body measurements (wither height (WH), croup height (CH), body length (BL), chest depth (CD), chest circumference (CC), chest width behind shoulders (CWS) and head length (HL)) and body weight (BW) of 6-month-old 50 Romanov lambs born in 2015 were used. The factor analysis scores were used to obtain the prediction equation for the relationship between the investigated traits. Read More

BMJ Open 2019 08 1;9(8):e028511. Epub 2019 Aug 1.

Alberta Research Centre for Health Evidence, Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.

Objective: Adverse events (AEs) associated with short-term corticosteroid use for respiratory conditions in young children.

Design: Systematic review of primary studies.

Data Sources: Medline, Cochrane CENTRAL, Embase and regulatory agencies were searched September 2014; search was updated in 2017. Read More

Am J Nurs 2019 08;119(8):21

Cresilda Newsom is in the perianesthesia department at the University of California San Diego and a member of the Cochrane Nursing Care Field.

Editor's note: This is a summary of a nursing care-related systematic review from the Cochrane Library. For more information, see http://nursingcare.cochrane. Read More

Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2019 Nov 13;126:109585. Epub 2019 Jul 13.

Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. Electronic address:

Juvenile Xanthograuloma (JXG) is part of a diverse set of rare histiocytic disorders marked by infiltration of tissues with neoplastic myelomonocytic-derived cells. Molecular analysis has yielded new insights into the classification and management of histiocytic diseases. A three-year-old presented with atypical croup due to a localized subglottic histiocytic lesion mimicking subglottic hemangioma. Read More

Pediatrics 2019 08;144(2)

Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York.

Background And Objectives: The Pediatric Respiratory Illness Measurement System (PRIMES) generates condition-specific composite quality scores for asthma, bronchiolitis, croup, and pneumonia in hospital-based settings. We sought to determine if higher PRIMES composite scores are associated with improved health-related quality of life, decreased length of stay (LOS), and decreased reuse.

Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study of 2334 children in 5 children's hospitals between July 2014 and June 2016. Read More

World J Pediatr 2019 Dec 25;15(6):586-594. Epub 2019 Jul 25.

Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.

Background: Pediatric patients with croup are frequently admitted if they require two doses of racemic epinephrine (RE) in the emergency department (ED). We aimed to identify factors associated with the need for additional therapy (> 2 RE doses) among pediatric patients with croup.

Methods: We performed a single-center retrospective study of consecutive patients admitted from the ED with a diagnosis of croup between January 1, 2011 and December 31, 2015. Read More

J Pediatr 2019 11 11;214:237-237.e1. Epub 2019 Jul 11.

Department of Pediatrics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.