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J Affect Disord 2020 Jun 17;271:178-184. Epub 2020 Apr 17.

Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Canada.

Introduction: Perinatal and later postnatal adversity (e.g., child sexual abuse) are predictors of psychopathology across the lifespan. Read More

Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry 2020 Jun 1:1359104520920332. Epub 2020 Jun 1.

UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, UK.

Background: Sexual assault of adolescents is associated with negative mental health outcomes, including self-harm. Little is known about correlates and predictors of self-harm after sexual assault. We hypothesized that pre-assault vulnerabilities and post-assault psychological distress would be associated with self-harm after experiencing a recent sexual assault. Read More

Pediatr Clin North Am 2020 Jun 4;67(3):481-498. Epub 2020 May 4.

State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Upstate Golisano Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA. Electronic address:

Child abuse is a public health concern with great costs to children, families, and society. Prevention of child abuse and maltreatment is an important clinical skill. Providers can take advantage of the opportunity to offer prevention interventions in the health care setting. Read More

Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2020 Jul 18;59(8):809-815. Epub 2020 May 18.

Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA.

This study describes a hospital-based child abuse pediatrics consultation service. Medical records for all child abuse pediatrics consultations during 2006 to 2009 were reviewed. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis. Read More

Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020 May 13;17(10). Epub 2020 May 13.

School of Nursing, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada.

Background: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been associated with deleterious effects on mental health in pregnancy.

Methods: The ACE International Questionnaire (ACE-IQ) was used to measure neglect, abuse, and household dysfunction. Longitudinal mixed effect modelling was used to test the effect of ACEs on pregnancy-related anxiety, depressive symptoms, and perceived stress at two time points (12-19 and 22-29 weeks) during pregnancy. Read More

Child Abuse Negl 2020 May 8;106:104504. Epub 2020 May 8.

Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, and of Pediatrics, Offord Centre for Child Studies, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. Electronic address:

Background: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are common and related to substance use problems in adulthood. Less is known about these relationships in adolescence and if experiencing ACEs in addition to peer victimization (or bullying) would have an interaction or cumulative effect on the odds of adolescent substance use.

Method: Data were used from the Well-Being and Experiences Study (The WE Study), a cross-sectional survey of adolescents aged 14-17 years (n = 1002) in Manitoba, Canada collected between July 2017 and October 2018. Read More

Clin Obstet Gynecol 2020 May 1. Epub 2020 May 1.

Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California.

The medical evaluation of a child who may have been sexually abused can be a challenge for physicians who are unfamiliar with the wide variation in normal genital anatomy in prepubertal girls. Signs of injury are rarely found, unless the child is examined within 72 hours of the event. This article will provide some history about how guidelines for medical care of these children have been developed, and list some of the findings that are normal or normal variants, caused by other conditions, or due to trauma or infection. Read More

BMC Pediatr 2020 Apr 21;20(1):178. Epub 2020 Apr 21.

Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, and of Pediatrics, Offord Centre for Child Studies, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.

Background: Despite increased understanding of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs), very little advancement has been made in how ACEs are defined and conceptualized. The current objectives were to determine: 1) how well a theoretically-derived ACEs model fit the data, and 2) the association of all ACEs and the ACEs factors with poor self-rated mental and physical health.

Methods: Data were obtained from the Well-Being and Experiences Study, survey data of adolescents aged 14 to 17 years (n = 1002) and their parents (n = 1000) in Manitoba, Canada collected from 2017 to 2018. Read More

EClinicalMedicine 2020 Mar 4;20:100297. Epub 2020 Mar 4.

Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.

Background: Depression is approximately two-fold more prevalent among women than men. Social theories suggest that discrimination is a pathway through which gender inequalities affect women's lives, but data are lacking. This cohort study evaluates whether perceived gender discrimination is linked to depressive symptoms among child-bearing women. Read More

Paediatr Child Health 2020 Apr 10;25(3):134-135. Epub 2019 Apr 10.

Division of Child and Youth Protection, Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario.

This case report illustrates the unexpected identification of intrafamilial sexual abuse of a young mother through genetic testing of her child. The child's genome was found to have a relatively common chromosomal condition with congruent clinical manifestations, but the microarray also suggested a close biological relationship between the parents because of a high degree of homozygosity. This prompted a child protection investigation as the mother had been a minor at the time of conception, and intrafamilial sexual abuse was confirmed. Read More

Int J Impot Res 2020 Apr 7. Epub 2020 Apr 7.

1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, 80 Vas Sofias Avenue, Athens, Greece.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper. Read More

Inj Prev 2020 Apr 1. Epub 2020 Apr 1.

School of Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

Background: Child maltreatment is poorly documented in clinical data. The International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM) represents the first time that confirmed and suspected child maltreatment can be distinguished in medical coding. The utility of this distinction in practice remains unknown. Read More

Int J Impot Res 2020 Mar 17. Epub 2020 Mar 17.

1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, 80 Vas Sofias Avenue, Athens, Greece.

Given that 5-25% of the adult population report child sexual abuse (CSA), most clinicians will care for victims. Data regarding CSA experiences among medical students are limited and the association of medical students' own history of CSA with relevant perceptions has not been previously examined. The aim of this study was to assess CSA perceptions and exposure of medical students, while exploring their associations. Read More

BMC Pediatr 2020 Mar 7;20(1):113. Epub 2020 Mar 7.

Department of Psychiatry & Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, MIP 201A, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada.

Background: Child maltreatment affects a significant number of children globally. Strategies have been developed to identify children suspected of having been exposed to maltreatment with the aim of reducing further maltreatment and impairment. This systematic review evaluates the accuracy of strategies for identifying children exposed to maltreatment. Read More

Child Abuse Negl 2020 Feb 17:104416. Epub 2020 Feb 17.

Department of Mental Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, United States.

Background: Adolescents and young adults with a sexual interest in young children represent an underserved population. The needs of this group, and their implications for child sexual abuse prevention program development, are not well understood.

Objective: The objective of this research is to advance knowledge about adolescents and young adults with a sexual interest in children to better inform the development of effective prevention and mental health efforts. Read More

Child Abuse Negl 2020 Apr 15;102:104386. Epub 2020 Feb 15.

Department of Emergency Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, 550 1st Avenue, New York, NY 10016, United States. Electronic address:

Background: Residents are undertrained to perform acute pediatric sexual abuse evaluations. The American Academy of Pediatrics has proposed development of an adaptable child abuse curriculum, though no such curriculum exists.

Objectives: Our goal was to perform a needs assessment for pediatric residents performing acute sexual abuse evaluations in an emergency department setting, thus laying groundwork for an adaptable curriculum. Read More

Child Care Health Dev 2020 Feb 10. Epub 2020 Feb 10.

Division of Child and Adolescent Protection, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA.

Background: Domestic minor sex-trafficked (DMST) youth experience profound medical and mental health consequences. This retrospective study reviewed healthcare utilization patterns and documented individualized risk factors of sex-trafficked youth in the 5 years prior to presenting to a healthcare setting. The primary aim of this study was to examine healthcare utilization patterns among DMST youth with the goal of determining opportunities for earlier identification within the healthcare system. Read More

Child Abuse Negl 2020 Mar 22;101:104360. Epub 2020 Jan 22.

Department of Pediatrics, Division of Child Abuse, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78229, United States; The Children's Hospital of San Antonio Center for Miracles, 315 North San Saba, Suite 201, San Antonio, TX, 78207, United States; The Chadwick Center for Children and Families at Rady Children's Hospital, 3665 Kearny Villa Road, Suite 500, San Diego, CA, 92123, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Emergency Medicine, University of California San Diego, 3020 Children's Way, MC 5159, San Diego, CA, 92123, United States. Electronic address:

Background: Several studies conducted in clinical and non-clinical settings have described why and when children disclose sexual abuse. Yet, there is incomplete understanding of how adolescents and young children may differ in factors that delay, prompt and deter disclosure that could inform strategies for clinical practice and prevention.

Objective: The aim of this study was to identify factors that prevent, prompt, and delay disclosure among pediatric patients presenting for acute and non-acute medical evaluations of sexual abuse or assault, and to examine any differences in disclosure tendencies among female adolescents and pre-adolescents. Read More

Pediatrics 2020 02 21;145(2). Epub 2020 Jan 21.

Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.

The largest segment of missing children in the United States includes runaways, children who run away from home, and thrownaways, children who are told to leave or stay away from home by a household adult. Although estimates vary, as many as 1 in 20 youth run away from home annually. These unaccompanied youth have unique health needs, including high rates of trauma, mental illness, substance use, pregnancy, and sexually transmitted infections. Read More

Pediatr Emerg Care 2020 Jan 10. Epub 2020 Jan 10.

From the PolicyLab.

: The mental health issues that can follow sexual assault are well described. Mental health service (MHS) referrals can be beneficial but can be challenging to obtain. Absence of MHS can exacerbate mental health issues and lead to subsequent emergency visits. Read More

Acad Pediatr 2020 May - Jun;20(4):460-467. Epub 2019 Dec 30.

Department of Emergency Medicine, The Kempe Center for the Prevention & Treatment of Child Abuse & Neglect, University of Colorado School of Medicine (DM Lindberg), Aurora, Colo.

Background And Objective: Child abuse pediatricians (CAPs) are often asked to determine the likelihood that a particular child has been sexually abused. These determinations affect medical and legal interventions, and are important for multisite research. No widely accepted scale is available to communicate perceived sexual abuse likelihood. Read More

Child Abuse Negl 2020 Mar 26;101:104347. Epub 2019 Dec 26.

Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Department of Cancer Prevention & Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA.

Background: Over six million children each year are referred to child protective services for child abuse (sexual, physical and emotional) and neglect (physical and emotional).

Objective: While the relationship between child sexual abuse and sexually transmitted infections has been documented, there has been little research regarding the effects of other forms of maltreatment.

Participants And Setting: 882 inner-city females aged 12-20 years of age seen at a large adolescent and young adult (AYA) health center in New York City between 2012-2017. Read More

Acad Pediatr 2020 May - Jun;20(4):455-459. Epub 2019 Dec 10.

Department of Psychiatry, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, UCLA Semel Neuropsychiatric Institute, Los Angeles, Calif (EP Bath).

Objective: We measured pregnancy rates and pregnancy outcomes among girls with histories of commercial sexual exploitation (CSE), and then quantified the associations between the outcome of pregnancy with: a) girls' exposure to childhood adversity, and b) their behavioral health. This is the largest study of pregnancy outcomes and associated factors among girls impacted by CSE in the United States.

Methods: We reviewed court files of participants in a juvenile specialty court for youth impacted by CSE, between 2012 and 2016. Read More

Child Abuse Negl 2019 Dec 2:104291. Epub 2019 Dec 2.

Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.

The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child confirmed child and youth rights globally. Their right to participation is a critical driver for the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Youth prioritize the need to end violence against them, charging adults with safeguarding, and identify gender inequality as an underlying cause of child sexual exploitation (CSE). Read More

Perspect Psychiatr Care 2019 Dec 4. Epub 2019 Dec 4.

Department of Social Pediatrics, Child Health, and Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey.

Purpose: The aims of this study were to train parents to recognize and prevent child sexual abuse (CSA); evaluate the problems encountered by parents; and evaluate the overall effectiveness of the CSA training program.

Design And Methods: The study used a pretest/posttest design. The study was conducted with a sample of 58 children (aged 3-6 years) and 64 parents. Read More

Child Abuse Negl 2019 Nov 25:104260. Epub 2019 Nov 25.

CARES Institute, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine (RowanSOM), 42 E. Laurel Road, Stratford, NJ, 08084, United States. Electronic address:

Background: Over one-third of inappropriate sexual contact experienced by children is initiated by other children. Many studies examined child initiators (CIs) of interpersonal problematic sexual behaviors (IPSBs). This study uniquely links CI information with types of sexual contact as described by children they engaged in IPSBs. Read More

J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2020 Apr 18;29(4):561-569. Epub 2019 Nov 18.

Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.

Toxic stress resulting from childhood abuse can lead to poorer physical and mental health for pregnant women and their unborn children. To provide a clinical response to these experiences, momentum to incorporate questionnaires about childhood adversity, including abuse, into patient care is building. Limiting factors to this initiative are concerns regarding the consistency of abuse reporting before age 18. Read More

J Clin Microbiol 2020 Jan 28;58(2). Epub 2020 Jan 28.

Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

Laboratory diagnosis of microbial agents associated with sexually transmitted infections plays an important role in both the care of victims of child sexual abuse (CSA) and the investigation of suspected CSA incidents, with law enforcement implications. Rapid and sensitive test results prompt immediate actions to treat and protect the victimized children. The development and maturation of automated nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) has greatly improved the assay sensitivity and specificity, with only a 1- to 2-h turnaround time. Read More

EClinicalMedicine 2019 Oct 19;15:51-61. Epub 2019 Aug 19.

Intergenerational Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.

Background: Violence and other adversities commonly co-occur, yet are usually investigated individually. The primary objectives of this paper are to investigate: (i) the relationship between maternal exposure to violence (including childhood abuse and intimate partner violence) and postpartum mental and physical health; and (ii) the extent to which exposure to violence and poor maternal mental and physical health are associated with children's emotional-behavioral difficulties.

Methods: Prospective pregnancy cohort (n = 1507) followed up to 4 year postpartum. Read More

Curr Probl Pediatr Adolesc Health Care 2019 09 7;49(9):100682. Epub 2019 Nov 7.

Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Cohen Children's Medical Center, Northwell Health System, 410 Lakeville Road, Suite 108, New Hyde Park, NY, United States; Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States.

Over the past decade, more and more children and adolescents are identifying as transgender and gender diverse (TGD). Often, they and their parents first turn to their primary care pediatrician for guidance and support. Therefore, in 2018, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) released a policy statement focusing on the health care of TGD youth. Read More

Child Abuse Negl 2019 Oct 30:104203. Epub 2019 Oct 30.

Department of Psychiatry & Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Canada.

Background: In this manuscript, we summarize the findings of a systematic review that informed the development of the World Health Organization's recommendations related to psychosocial interventions for child and adolescent sexual abuse.

Method: Systematic searches across 14 databases were conducted to retrieve any published randomized controlled trials of psychosocial interventions addressing mental health outcomes among children and adolescents exposed to sexual abuse who have experienced symptoms. We assessed study risk of bias using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool and certainty of the evidence using GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) criteria. Read More

Child Abuse Negl 2020 Feb 22;100:104141. Epub 2019 Oct 22.

Midwest Children's Resource Center, Children's Minnesota, Garden View Medical Building, 347 N. Smith Ave, Suite 401, St. Paul, MN, 55102, United States. Electronic address:

This invited article is one of several comprising part of a special issue of Child Abuse and Neglect focused on child trafficking and health. The purpose of each invited article is to describe a specific program serving trafficked children. Featuring these programs is intended to raise awareness of innovative counter-trafficking strategies emerging worldwide and facilitate collaboration on program development and outcomes research. Read More

BMC Public Health 2019 Oct 22;19(1):1345. Epub 2019 Oct 22.

Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.

Background: Slapping/spanking is related to a number of poor health outcomes. Understanding what factors are related to the increased or decreased use of spanking/slapping is necessary to inform prevention. This study used a population-based sample to determine the prevalence of slapping/spanking reported by youth; the relationship between sociodemographic factors and slapping/spanking; and the extent to which parental exposures to victimization and maltreatment in childhood and current parental mental health, substance use and family circumstances, are associated with youth reports of slapping/spanking. Read More

Rev Prat 2019 Apr;69(4):407-410

Département de pédiatrie, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.

Child sexual abuse is very common. Whether it is a spontaneous revelation, a sign or an evocative symptom, the suspicion of sexual assault on a child requires the doctor to act, regardless of his specialty or mode of exercise. After the interview, the doctor carries out a general somatic examination and writes an initial descriptive medical certificate. Read More

West Afr J Med 2019 Sep-Dec;36(3):274-279

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.

Introduction: Despite increasing awareness, sexual abuse of children is still prevalent in the society. This is due to lack of unified description of what constitutes child sexual abuse. This study is aimed to highlight the pattern of sexual abuse among secondary school adolescents in Rivers State. Read More

Front Psychiatry 2019 18;10:684. Epub 2019 Sep 18.

Department of Psychiatry and Department for Ethics and Law in Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.

Psychological sequels to criminal violence can be long lasting and severe. They are in many countries not sufficiently considered in court cases as an important circumstance that could be used to assess the severity of the crime, also guiding redress, compensation, and rehabilitation of the victim, and-in children-child custody considerations. So far, the focus of forensic assessment has often been limited to diagnostic categories, especially "posttraumatic stress disorder" (PTSD), a diagnosis that presently is subjected to rapidly changing definitions both in and between diagnostic systems. Read More

BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2019 Oct 16;19(1):357. Epub 2019 Oct 16.

Translational Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Campbelltown Campus, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia.

Background: This study investigated the association between intimate partner violence (IPV) identified on routine prenatal screening and perinatal outcomes for mother and infant.

Methods: Routinely collected perinatal data for a cohort of all women and their infants born in public health facilities in Sydney (Australia) over the period 2014-2016 (N = 52,509) were analysed to investigate the risk of adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes associated with a history of IPV. The association between an affirmative response on prenatal IPV screening and low birth weight (LBW) < 2. Read More

Cureus 2019 Aug 4;11(8):e5318. Epub 2019 Aug 4.

Psychiatry, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences and Psychology, Fairfield, USA.

Eating disorders (ED) are well known psychiatric disorders associated with dysregulated eating behaviors and related thoughts and emotions. Common eating disorders are bulimia nervosa (BN), anorexia nervosa (AN), and binge eating disorders (BED). There is an active link between child abuse and eating disorders, emotional child abuse being the important subtype of CA and has a strong comorbid psychopathological relationship with EDs, including AN. Read More

Pain 2020 01;161(1):156-165

Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States.

A child maltreatment history is reported more frequently among adults with chronic pain compared with the general population; unfortunately, studies have primarily relied upon retrospective maltreatment reports by adults with chronic pain. This prospective study assessed pain symptoms in a cohort of young adult women with a documented history of child maltreatment, compared with a matched cohort of women who did not experience childhood maltreatment. Young women (N = 477) were recruited between ages 14 to 17 years and followed annually to age 19. Read More

Health Aff (Millwood) 2019 10;38(10):1622-1629

Ali Rowhani-Rahbar is the Bartley Dobb Professor for the Study of Violence and an associate professor in the Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington.

Violence in its many forms can affect the health of people who are the targets, those who are the perpetrators, and the communities in which both live. In this article we review the literature on the health consequences of many forms of violence, including child physical and sexual abuse, intimate partner violence, elder abuse, sexual violence, youth violence, and bullying. The biological effects of violence have become increasingly better understood and include effects on the brain, neuroendocrine system, and immune response. Read More

Child Abuse Negl 2020 Feb 29;100:104196. Epub 2019 Sep 29.

Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53213, USA.

Background: Individuals at high-risk for trafficking are often subject to preexisting complex trauma that only intensifies during the trafficking experience. This greatly increases their risk of mental illness, although the actual prevalence of mental health disorders in children who are sex trafficked remains unclear.

Objective: To examine the prevalence of mental health diagnoses among a sample of youth identified as being sex trafficked, and to discuss these rates in relation to other high-risk groups reported in the literature. Read More

J Forensic Nurs 2020 Jan/Mar;16(1):16-21

Department of Pediatrics, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center.

The nonavalent human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccination prophylactically contributes to the prevention of nine types of HPV-associated oral and genital cancers. HPV vaccination rates remain lower than the national Healthy People 2020 goal of 80%. Victims of pediatric sexual abuse are at a higher risk for acquiring and developing HPV-related outcomes. Read More

Emerg Med Clin North Am 2019 Nov 31;37(4):739-754. Epub 2019 Aug 31.

Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue Box 655, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.

Pediatric patients pose a unique host of challenges to the emergency provider across all complaints and ages, but this is particularly notable in the genitourinary (GU) system. The pediatric GU system is different from that of the adult in its etiology of symptoms, complications, and treatments. Based on age, there are variations in the anatomy. Read More

BMC Res Notes 2019 Sep 24;12(1):627. Epub 2019 Sep 24.

Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Specialty, School of Nursing, College of Health Science and Comprehensive Referral Hospital, Aksum University, Aksum, Ethiopia.

Objective: As reports indicated about 1 in 3 of women worldwide have experienced physical violence but there is no enough reports on the current status of the act in Aksum town so this study intended to identify the prevalence and factors associated with physical violence of reproductive age married women in Aksum town Tigray Ethiopia.

Result: A total of 398 women were enrolled in the study and making a response rate of 100%. 112 (28. Read More

Child Abuse Negl 2019 12 13;98:104170. Epub 2019 Sep 13.

School of Medicine, University of Queensland, c/-Deparment of Paediatrics, Logan Hospital, Logan, Queensland, 4129, Australia.

Objective: To examine whether child maltreatment is associated with attentional problems in adolescence (14 years) and young adulthood (21 years), and whether outcomes depend on the type of maltreatment (sexual vs non-sexual).

Methods: Data from a population based cohort study involving 3778 mother-child pairs were linked with data from the state child protection agency to examine associations between child abuse and neglect and attention problems, measured using the Achenbach Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL) and the Achenbach Young Adult Self Report (YASR).

Results: 245 (6. Read More

Pediatrics 2019 10 9;144(4). Epub 2019 Sep 9.

Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio.

The following is the winning submission from the third annual Section on Pediatric Trainees essay competition. This year's competition was informed by the 2018-2019 Section on Pediatric Trainees Advocacy Campaign: Advocacy Adventure, which empowered trainees to find their areas of passion, acquire and polish new skills, and organize advocacy efforts collaboratively. We asked writers to share experiences as physician advocates and were impressed with the broad variety of important topics submitted by trainees from around the country. Read More