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Transl Pediatr 2022 Jul;11(7):1171-1181

Department of Pathology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China.

Background: At present, the surgical treatment of sinusitis with nasal polyps has made great progress, but its recurrence rate is still high. Therefore, this time, meta-analysis is used to study the therapeutic effect of endoscopic sinus surgery on children with chronic sinusitis with nasal polyps, analyze its effectiveness and safety, and provide theoretical basis for clinical treatment.

Methods: Boolean logic searching was adopted to retrieve articles from various databases, including PubMed, Medline, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), published from the establishment of the database to December 30, 2021. Read More

Front Immunol 2022 6;13:819859. Epub 2022 Jul 6.

Division of Mucosal Immunology, IMSUT Distinguished Professor Unit, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.

Nontypeable (NTHi) strains form a major group of pathogenic bacteria that colonizes the nasopharynx and causes otitis media in young children. At present, there is no licensed vaccine for NTHi. Because NTHi colonizes the upper respiratory tract and forms biofilms that cause subsequent infectious events, a nasal vaccine that induces NTHi-specific secretory IgA capable of preventing biofilm formation in the respiratory tract is desirable. Read More

Am J Otolaryngol 2022 Jun 9;43(5):103529. Epub 2022 Jun 9.

Department of Otolaryngology & Communication Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States of America; Zablocki Veteran's Association Medical Center, Division of Surgery, Milwaukee, WI, United States of America. Electronic address:

Purpose: Pott's puffy tumor (PPT) is a rare clinical entity characterized by osteomyelitis of the frontal bone with subperiosteal abscess collection. The frequency of reported cases of PPT in the literature has increased in recent years. Previous reviews of PPT exist primarily in the form of small, retrospective case series and anecdotal case reports. Read More

Saudi J Ophthalmol 2021 Jul-Sep;35(3):239-243. Epub 2022 Apr 18.

Department of Ophthalmology, Oculoplastic and Reconstructive Surgery Division, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Purpose: To evaluate the incidence of pediatric related orbital cellulitis after the routine administration of the vaccine in Saudi Arabia and to identify the most common pathogens, predisposing factors, related complications, and the need for surgical intervention.

Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed of patients with a discharge diagnosis of orbital cellulitis who presented to the King Abdul Aziz University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Saudi children born between 2000 and 2016 were included. Read More

Lin Chung Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2022 Apr;36(4):247-252

Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery，Children's Hospital Capital Institute of Pediatrics，Beijing，100020，China.

To assess the presentation of allergic fungal rhinosinusitis（AFRS） in children and the role of long-term comprehensive therapy of endoscopic surgery combined with drug therapy. The 3 children with AFRS were routinely examined by nasal endoscopy, CT scan, MRI scan and allergen detection before surgery, and mycological and histomathological examination were performed on the secretions in the sinus and the mucosa of the affected sinuses. All the 3 patients underwent endoscopic surgery, preoperative and postoperative treatment with oral and nasal corticosteroid, nasal irrigation, and individualized anti-allergy therapy and immunotherapy. Read More

World Allergy Organ J 2022 Mar 30;15(3):100638. Epub 2022 Mar 30.

Department of Ophthalmology, and Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.

Allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS) is a highly resistant disease and is challenging to treat. Patients with recurrent attacks of the disease despite surgical management can benefit from biologics as adjunct therapies. Dupilumab has shown promising endpoints in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP). Read More

Antibiotics (Basel) 2022 Apr 13;11(4). Epub 2022 Apr 13.

Sharp Rees-Stealy Medical Group, San Diego, CA 92123, USA.

Outpatient treatment of infections is challenged by increasing rates of resistance to fluoroquinolones, the only class of antibiotics which offers an established oral route of administration against this organism. Azithromycin does not demonstrate activity against when evaluated under standard methods of susceptibility testing with bacteriologic media. However, growing evidence shows that azithromycin is very active against when using physiologic media that recapitulate the in vivo milieu and is supported by animal models of infection and various clinical settings, including cystic fibrosis. Read More

Clin Anat 2022 Sep 26;35(6):745-761. Epub 2022 Apr 26.

Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.

The paranasal sinuses (maxillary, frontal, ethmoid, and sphenoid sinuses) are complex anatomical structures. The development and growth of these have been investigated utilizing a number of different methods ranging from cadaveric analysis to modern cross sectional imaging with 3D modeling. An understanding of normal pediatric paranasal sinus embryology and development enables us to better determine when pathology may be affecting the normal developmental process. Read More

Am J Otolaryngol 2022 May-Jun;43(3):103452. Epub 2022 Apr 6.

Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; University of Oviedo, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, IUOPA, CIBERONC, Oviedo, Spain.

Objectives: Acute bacterial rhinosinusitis (ABRS) is a common pediatric condition. Despite its tendency to heal without complications, orbital complications (OC) are seen in 6% of patients and can cause vision impairment and put life at risk. Current treatment of this complications involves systemic antibiotics with or without surgical drainage, remaining controversial the use of corticosteroids. Read More

Pediatr Neurosurg 2022 8;57(3):213-221. Epub 2022 Apr 8.

Department of Neurological Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.

Background: Minimally invasive approaches to the anterior cranial fossa have evolved over the past few decades. The management of frontal epidural abscesses (EDAs) secondary to diffuse sinusitis in the pediatric population using minimally invasive techniques is scarcely reported in the literature. Herein, we report the utilization of a minimally invasive eyebrow approach for multidisciplinary concurrent evacuation of frontal EDA secondary to diffuse sinusitis and trephination of the frontal sinus in three pediatric patients. Read More

Sci Rep 2022 04 1;12(1):5509. Epub 2022 Apr 1.

Teikyo University Graduate School of Public Health, 2-11-1 Kaga Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan.

Asthma exacerbation impairs the quality of life of pediatric patients and negatively impacts future respiratory function and health economics. Several risk factors associated with exacerbations have been identified; however, most studies report the risk of each factor. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the risk of each factor and a combination of factors. Read More

Am J Rhinol Allergy 2022 Sep 31;36(5):568-573. Epub 2022 Mar 31.

Sackler Faculty of Medicine, 26745Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.

Background: Acute invasive fungal rhinosinusitis has been associated with high mortality rates.

Objective: We aimed to explore the contribution of novel detection and treatment methods on the outcome of immunosuppressed children with acute invasive fungal rhinosinusitis.

Methods: The records of all children with a hematologic or oncologic disease who developed acute invasive fungal rhinosinusitis between 2005-2020 were reviewed. Read More

Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2022 Mar 29:1945998221087664. Epub 2022 Mar 29.

Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.

Objective: To offer pragmatic, evidence-informed guidance on the use of systemic corticosteroids (SCS) for common otolaryngologic disorders.

Data Sources: PubMed, Cochrane Library, and American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Foundation clinical practice guidelines.

Review Methods: A comprehensive search of published literature through November 2021 was conducted on the efficacy of SCS, alone or in combination with other treatments, for managing disorders in otolaryngology and the subdisciplines. Read More

Pediatr Clin North Am 2022 04;69(2):275-286

Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA.

Rhinosinusitis is a common diagnosis encountered by providers of all disciplines. Pediatric acute and chronic rhinosinusitis account for up to 2% of the total annual visits to the outpatient clinics and emergency departments. Once correct diagnosis is made, appropriate treatment measures can be initiated. Read More

Pediatr Neurol 2022 05 4;130:28-40. Epub 2022 Mar 4.

Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas. Electronic address:

Background: Pediatric cavernous sinus thrombosis (CST) is a rare condition with limited data regarding its clinical characteristics and long-term outcomes. The objective of this study was to describe the clinical and radiologic features, diagnostic evaluation, management, and long-term prognosis and to identify clinical variables associated with long-term outcomes in pediatric CST.

Methods: A retrospective chart review of patients younger than 18 years diagnosed with a CST between 2004 and 2018 at a single center was conducted. Read More

Front Genet 2022 28;13:814511. Epub 2022 Feb 28.

Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.

Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare genetically heterogeneous disorder of motile cilia. Common features of PCD include upper and lower respiratory tract disease, secretory otitis media, situs inversus and fertility problems. To date, although several PCD-associated genes have been identified, the genetic causes of most PCD cases remain elusive. Read More

Front Immunol 2022 23;13:818017. Epub 2022 Feb 23.

Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.

Unified airway disease, including concurrent asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), is a common, but poorly understood disorder with no curative treatment options. To establish a murine model of chronic unified eosinophilic airway inflammation, mice were challenged with , and sinonasal mucosa and lung tissue were evaluated by immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, and gene expression. Inhalation of conidia resulted in a Th2-biased lung and sinus inflammation that typifies allergic asthma and CRS. Read More

Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2022 May 16;156:111064. Epub 2022 Feb 16.

Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, NewYork-Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA. Electronic address:

Background: Pediatric acute bacterial rhinosinusitis (ABRS) is often treated with oral antibiotics, with limited insight into adverse effects (AEs) across drug classes. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we characterize AE incidence associated with oral antibiotics in these patients.

Methodology/principal: We searched PubMed and Embase for English-language articles published from 1985 to September 2020 reporting AEs of oral antibiotic therapy for ABRS patients aged 0-18 years. Read More

Acad Emerg Med 2022 06 22;29(6):698-709. Epub 2022 Mar 22.

Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.

Background: Disparities in health care quality frequently focus on underuse. We evaluated racial/ethnic differences in low-value services delivered in the pediatric emergency department (ED).

Methods: We performed a retrospective cross-sectional study of low-value services in children discharged from 39 pediatric EDs from January 2018 to December 2019 using the Pediatric Hospital Information System. Read More

Med Mycol 2022 Apr;60(4)

Department of Pediatric Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, 11511, Cairo, Egypt.

Invasive fungal sinusitis (IFS) is a rare disease that requires careful attention and prompts management due to its high mortality among pediatric patients with hematological malignancies. This is a retrospective analysis of pediatric patients with hematological malignancies treated at Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt 57 357 (CCHE) through the period from 2008 till 2016 with proven IFS. Thirty-four patients were diagnosed with IFS. Read More

Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2022 Aug 30;279(8):3981-3987. Epub 2022 Jan 30.

Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.

Background: Difficult-to-treat rhinosinusitis (DTRS) seriously affects the quality of work and life of patients, and the cause is still unclear. We aimed to explore the association between the glucocorticoid receptor (NR3C1) gene polymorphisms and DTRS.

Methods: A nested case-control study was conducted. Read More

HNO 2022 Feb 24;70(Suppl 1):8-13. Epub 2022 Jan 24.

Hospital of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany.

Pott's puffy tumor (PPT) is an infection of the frontal sinus with subperiosteal and intracranial abscess formation and one of the rare entities in pediatrics. We present a series of four cases of PPT that occurred in two children (6 and 9 years) and in two young adults (17 and 19 years). All patients were treated by an interdisciplinary team of pediatric, neurosurgical, ENT, radiological, and neuroradiological specialists. Read More

Childs Nerv Syst 2022 04 19;38(4):729-738. Epub 2022 Jan 19.

Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine/NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA.

Purpose: Pediatric pituitary adenomas (pPAs) are uncommon. Thus, their presentation and outcomes after treatment are less well-understood than those of pituitary adenomas in adulthood (aPAs).

Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted for all patients who underwent endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery (EETS) for pPA at NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medicine (NYP/WCM) from 2005-2020. Read More

Pediatr Neurol 2022 03 28;128:20-24. Epub 2021 Dec 28.

Bayer AG, Wuppertal, Germany.

Background: We aimed to describe the clinical presentation, risk of bleeding and recurrent thrombosis, and perioperative anticoagulant management of children with cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) and an associated head or neck infection.

Methods: In this subgroup analysis of the EINSTEIN-Jr study, we included children with CVT and an associated head or neck infection who received therapeutic anticoagulants with either low-molecular-weight heparin (with or without subsequent vitamin K antagonists) or rivaroxaban for a period of 3 months. Analyses are descriptive. Read More

J Fr Ophtalmol 2022 Feb 29;45(2):166-172. Epub 2021 Dec 29.

Department of Paediatric Emergency, Mohamed VI University Hospital, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco. Electronic address:

Periorbital cellulitis is a diagnostic and therapeutic emergency, jeopardizing the prognosis for vision and survival.

Purpose: The goal of this study was to analyze the epidemiological and therapeutic features and outcomes of periorbital cellulitis cases treated in the pediatric emergency department.

Patients And Methods: A retrospective study including all the children aged between 1 month and 15 years treated for periorbital cellulitis in the Pediatric Emergency Department of the Mohamed VI University Teaching Hospital in Marrakech over a period of 10 years (January 1, 2010-December 31, 2019). Read More

Vaccine 2022 01 27;40(2):334-343. Epub 2021 Dec 27.

Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, P.O.Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, the Netherlands; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3720 BA Bilthoven, the Netherlands.

Background: In 2011, 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV10) replaced PCV7 in The Netherlands. We aimed to assess the impact of this switch on non-invasive pneumococcal disease in primary care across various age-groups, including pneumonia-bronchitis, otitis media (OM) and sinusitis with and without considering pre-PCV10 secular trends.

Methods: Electronic records of 397,441 individuals included in a regional primary care database from July 2006 to June 2016 were extracted (2,408,762 person-years). Read More

Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2022 Feb;30(1):68-77

Caruso Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

Purpose Of Review: Review the diagnosis and management of pediatric chronic sinusitis given recent advances in both surgical and medical management.

Recent Findings: Balloon catheter dilation (BCD) of the sinuses has been used as an adjunct to adenoidectomy or in lieu of traditional endoscopic sinus surgery. BCD has been shown to be a safe technique in children although its efficacy compared to maxillary sinus irrigation or traditional sinus surgery cannot be determined based on current studies. Read More

J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 2022 Feb;11(2):81-84

Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.

Blastomyces dermatitidis is a fungus endemic to the Ohio and Mississippi river valley region and great lakes region. Exposure is typically associated with outdoor activities near streams, rivers, or moist soil. Pulmonary disease is the main manifestation, whereas dissemination is more frequently observed in immunosuppressed individuals. Read More

J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2022 02 1;10(2):397-408. Epub 2021 Dec 1.

Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colo.

Assessment of asthma comorbidities, conditions that adversely affect the pathobiology of asthma or impair its response to therapies, is a fundamental step in the evaluation and management of patients with difficult-to-treat asthma. Identifying and effectively treating asthma comorbidities, such as obesity, obstructive sleep apnea, and chronic sinusitis with nasal polyps, may improve asthma control and reduce exacerbations. In addition, identifying comorbid T2 inflammatory conditions may help guide optimal selection of biologic therapies. Read More

Auris Nasus Larynx 2022 Aug 25;49(4):625-633. Epub 2021 Nov 25.

Department of Otolaryngology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Japan.

Objectives: The severity of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) can vary from mild to very severe (AHI ≥ 30 events/h) with the seasons. The efficacy of medical treatment has been investigated in cases of mild and moderate pediatric OSA, but not in severe cases thoroughly.

Methods: Our prospective cohort study involved 205 children who visited our outpatient clinic between December 2014 and May 2020. Read More