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J Neurol Sci 2018 Dec 4;396:262-265. Epub 2018 Dec 4.

Division of General Medicine and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, Emory School of Medicine, 1648 Pierce Dr. NE, Atlanta, GA 30307, USA; Atlanta VA Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, 1670 Clairmont Rd., Decatur, GA 30033, USA; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Emory School of Medicine, 1648 Pierce Dr. NE, Atlanta, GA 30307, USA. Electronic address:

Introduction: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative condition associated with aging characterized by loss of dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and a reduction in dopamine levels in the striatum. PD is commonly treated using dopamine-replacement medication called levodopa. Levodopa has decreasing efficacy over time. Read More

Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018 Dec 11. Epub 2018 Dec 11.

Universita degli Studi di Pavia, Chimica, Via Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, ITALY.

Dopamine (DA) is the most important catecholamine in the brain, as it is the most abundant and the precursor of other neurotransmitters. Degeneration of nigrostriatal neurons of substantia nigra pars compacta in Parkinson's disease represents the best-studied link between DA neurotransmission and neuropathology. Catecholamines are reactive molecules that are handled through complex control and transport systems. Read More

Laryngorhinootologie 2018 Dec 10;97(12):875-896. Epub 2018 Dec 10.

Vestibular schwannomas are benign neoplasms originating from the Schwann cells of the vestibular vestibular nerve of the vestibulocochlear nerve, and rarely from the pars cochlearis. These are tumors that are in contact with the nerve but do not bind the fibers. Benign neoplasms of the Schwann cells of the auditory and equilibrium nerves can also occur primarily in the inner ear and are referred to as intralabyrinthine schwannomas (ILS). Read More

Int Ophthalmol 2018 Dec 7. Epub 2018 Dec 7.

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of topical sodium hyaluronate (SH) 0.18% treatment on corneal epithelial healing after epithelial debridement in pars plana vitrectomy in diabetic patients.

Method: This is prospective and randomized clinical trial. Read More

Skeletal Radiol 2018 Dec 7. Epub 2018 Dec 7.

Radiology Department, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.

Objective: To develop and validate in a preliminary way a novel radiographic scoring system for psoriatic arthritis (PsA), called Simplified Psoriatic Arthritis Radiographic Score (SPARS).

Materials And Methods: Radiographs of hands and feet were obtained from consecutive PsA patients and assessed by two readers. For each joint (30 joints in the hands, ten joints in the feet), the combination of the erosions, joint narrowing space (JNS) and bony proliferation (BP) has been assessed, giving a value of 1 for erosions presence, 1 for JNS presence, and 1 for BP presence (SPARS score range, 0-120). Read More

Brain Struct Funct 2018 Dec 7. Epub 2018 Dec 7.

Univ. Bordeaux, IMN, UMR 5293, 33000, Bordeaux, France.

We herein propose an atlas of 32 sentence-related areas based on a 3-step method combining the analysis of activation and asymmetry during multiple language tasks with hierarchical clustering of resting-state connectivity and graph analyses. 144 healthy right-handers performed fMRI runs based on language production, reading and listening, both with sentences and lists of over-learned words. Sentence minus word-list BOLD contrast and left-minus-right BOLD asymmetry for each task were computed in pairs of homotopic regions of interest (hROIs) from the AICHA atlas. Read More

Retin Cases Brief Rep 2018 Nov 28. Epub 2018 Nov 28.

Department of Ophthalmology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Vision Loss and Restoration, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.

Purpose: Optic disk astrocytoma is a rare variant of congenital hamartoma, which is usually associated with tuberous sclerosis complex. Generally, it is stationary but in rare cases, it can show progressive growth and cause severe local complications.

Methods: Clinical-pathologic correlation. Read More

Curr Opin Pediatr 2018 Dec 3. Epub 2018 Dec 3.

Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.

Purpose Of Review: Provide a comprehensive overview of lumbar spondylolysis, a frequent cause of lower back pain in children and adolescents, from evaluation to management.

Recent Findings: With the surge of structured sports participation in the pediatric population, spondylolysis is a common ailment that afflicts many young athletes due to rigorous competition that taxes the growing spine with repetitive extension and rotation.

Summary: Spondylolysis is a fracture through the pars interarticularis. Read More

Behav Brain Res 2018 Dec 7. Epub 2018 Dec 7.

Department of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, 560029, India. Electronic address:

Asian-Indians are less vulnerable to Parkinson's disease (PD) than the Caucasians. Their admixed populace has even lesser risk. Studying this phenomenon using 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-susceptible C57BL/6J, MPTP-resistant CD-1 and their resistant crossbred mice revealed differences in the nigrostriatal cyto-molecular features. Read More

Eur J Radiol 2018 Dec 28;109:48-56. Epub 2018 Oct 28.

Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.

Purpose: To quantify dopaminergic neurodegeneration and iron overload in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) to evaluate Parkinson's disease (PD) using both quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) and neuromelanin imaging.

Materials And Methods: We studied 39 PD patients (PD group) and 25 healthy controls (HC group) who underwent brain MRI with QSM and neuromelanin imaging. QSM and neuromelanin values of the SNpc were obtained using a voxel-based automated region segmentation system. Read More

Behav Brain Res 2018 Dec 3;360:120-127. Epub 2018 Dec 3.

Biotrial Pharmacology, 7-9 rue Jean-Louis Bertrand, 35042, Rennes, France.

This study aims to investigate the contribution of nigral dopaminergic (DA) cell loss, repeated exposure to DA medication and the combination of both to the development of neuropsychiatric symptoms observed in Parkinson's disease (PD). A bilateral 6-OHDA lesion of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) was performed in rats. A set of animals was repeatedly administered with L-dopa (20 mg/kg/day) and benserazide (5 mg/kg/day) over 10 days starting from day 11 post-lesion. Read More

Asian Spine J 2018 Dec 7. Epub 2018 Dec 7.

Department of Orthopaedics, P D Hinduja National Hospital & MRC, Mumbai, India.

Study Design: Retrospective radiological study.

Purpose: We aimed to determine the prevalence of ponticulus posticus (PP) and high-riding vertebral artery (HRVA) occurring simultaneously on the same side (PP+HRVA) and in cases of PP+HRVA, to assess C2 radio-anatomical measurements for C2 pars length, pedicle width, and laminar thickness.

Overview Of Literature: PP and HRVA predispose individuals to vertebral artery injuries during atlantoaxial fixation. Read More

Neurochem Int 2018 Nov 30;122:208-215. Epub 2018 Nov 30.

Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy and Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea; Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea. Electronic address:

The sustenance of redox homeostasis in brain is the crucial factor to treat Parkinson's disease (PD). Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 factor (Nrf2)-mediated antioxidant response is well known for the main cellular endogenous defense mechanisms against oxidative stress. This study investigated for the first time the effects and possible mechanisms of action of Ukgansan on 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced neurotoxicity in both in vitro and in vivo models of PD. Read More

Fish Physiol Biochem 2018 Dec 3. Epub 2018 Dec 3.

Department of Biotechnology, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, 682022, India.

In the catfish Heteropneustes fossilis, three vasotocin (VT) receptor subtype genes, v1a1, v1a2, and v2a, were cloned and characterized previously. In the present study, using RNA probes, we localized the distribution of the gene transcripts in the brain-pituitary-gonadal (BPG) axis. The V1a-type receptor, v1a1 and v1a2, genes showed similar and overlapping distribution in the brain. Read More

Lang Cogn Neurosci 2018 22;33(10):1275-1295. Epub 2018 May 22.

Haskins Laboratories, 300 George St., Suite 900, New Haven, CT, 06511, U.S.A.

This exploratory study investigated relations between individual differences in cortical grey matter structure and young adult readers' cognitive profiles. Whole-brain analyses revealed neuroanatomical correlations with word and nonword reading ability (decoding), and experience with printed matter. Decoding was positively correlated with grey matter volume (GMV) in left superior temporal sulcus, and thickness (GMT) in right superior temporal gyrus. Read More

Quant Imaging Med Surg 2018 Oct;8(9):910-924

Department of Psychiatry, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.

Background: F-FDG positron emission tomography (PET) is a reliable technique to quantify regional neural glucose metabolism even with major depressive disorder (MDD) heterogeneous features. Previous study proposed that in the resting-state (RS), pairs of brain regions whose regional glucose metabolic rates were significantly correlated were functionally associated. This synchronicity indicates a neuronal metabolic and functional interaction in high energy efficient brain regions. Read More

Oman J Ophthalmol 2018 Sep-Dec;11(3):294-296

Department of Ophthalmology, Government Medical College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India.

The purpose of this study was to present the surgical outcome in optic disc pit associated maculopathy in a patient who was treated with vitrectomy, internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling, barrage laser photocoagulation, and silicone oil tamponade. A 21-year-old Indian male was diagnosed with optic disc pit maculopathy in his left eye with a best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 20/200. A 23-gauge pars plana vitrectomy with peeling of ILM was done using brilliant blue dye. Read More

Oman J Ophthalmol 2018 Sep-Dec;11(3):274-276

2nd Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, "Papageorgiou" General Hospital, 564 03 Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece.

We aim to present a case of bilateral rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) after successful phacoemulsification procedures performed 23 years before RRD onset and surgical management. A 57-year-old female presented with blurred vision due to floaters in the left eye. The patient was followed up with dilated fundus examination. Read More

Brain Connect 2018 Dec 1. Epub 2018 Dec 1.

Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.

The insula has been implicated in playing important roles in various brain functions including consciousness, homeostasis, perception, self-awareness, language processing, and interpersonal experience. Abnormalities of the insula have been observed in patients suffering from addiction, deteriorating language function, anorexia, and emotional dysregulation. We analyzed typical development of insular connections in a large-scale pediatric population using 642 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations. Read More

Brain Dev 2018 Dec 1. Epub 2018 Dec 1.

Department of Radiology, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara 259-1193, Japan.

Purpose: Signals of some brain regions change along with development in T1-weighted imaging (T1WI) in infants. This study aimed to assess the association of the signal intensity of the pituitary stalk on thin-slice T1WI with infant age.

Methods: This retrospective study was performed in 89 infants (gestational age [GA], 25-41 weeks; postmenstrual age [PMA], 36-46 weeks; chronological age [CA], 4-141 days) without intracranial abnormalities. Read More

Neuroimage 2018 Nov 27;186:628-636. Epub 2018 Nov 27.

Department of Neurosurgery, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, 80 avenue Augustin Fliche, 34295, France; National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), U1051, Team "Plasticity of the Central Nervous System, Human Stem Cells and Glial Tumors", Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier, France; University of Montpellier, France. Electronic address:

Objective: To infer the face-based mentalizing network from resting-state functional MRI (rsfMRI) using a seed-based correlation analysis with regions of interest identified during intraoperative cortical electrostimulation.

Methods: We retrospectively included 23 patients in whom cortical electrostimulation induced transient face-based mentalizing impairment during 'awake' craniotomy for resection of a right-sided diffuse low-grade glioma. Positive stimulation sites were recorded and transferred to the patients' preoperative normalized MRI, and then used as seeds for subsequent seed-to-voxel functional connectivity analyses. Read More

J Neurosurg Pediatr 2018 Oct 1:1-11. Epub 2018 Oct 1.

OBJECTIVEGilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS) is a disorder characterized by motor and vocal tics. Although by definition the onset of GTS is before age 18 years, clinical trials of deep brain stimulation (DBS) have been conducted only in adults. Using individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis methodology, the current study investigated the safety and efficacy of DBS as a treatment for GTS in children and youth. Read More

J Neurosurg Spine 2018 Nov 1:1-7. Epub 2018 Nov 1.

OBJECTIVEAtlantoaxial instability is an important cause of pain and neurological dysfunction in patients with Down syndrome (DS), frequently requiring instrumented fusion of the upper cervical spine. This study provides a quantitative analysis of C2 morphology in DS patients compared with their peers without DS to identify differences that must be considered for the safe placement of instrumentation.METHODSA retrospective chart review identified age-matched patients with and without DS with a CT scan of the cervical spine. Read More

Diagn Cytopathol 2018 Nov 28. Epub 2018 Nov 28.

Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.

Background: Diagnostic vitrectomy with flow cytometry immunophenotyping (FCI) is being increasingly used as part of screening for diagnostically challenging cases. We aim to evaluate the utility of combined cytopathology and FCI in diagnostic pars plana vitrectomy. We also aim to evaluate cytologic features that could potentially predict FCI outcomes. Read More

Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2018 Nov 28. Epub 2018 Nov 28.

Department of Pharmacy, Taizhou Second People's Hospital, Taizhou, 225500, People's Republic of China.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder pathologically characterized by the loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). Chronic neuroinflammation is one of the hallmarks of PD pathophysiology. Cathepsin D (CathD), a soluble aspartic protease, has been reported to play an important role in neurodegenerative diseases such as PD. Read More

J Neurosurg Spine 2018 Oct 1:1-8. Epub 2018 Oct 1.

OBJECTIVETo avoid jeopardizing an aberrant vertebral artery, there are three common options in placing a C2 screw, including pedicle, pars, and translaminar screws. Although biomechanical studies have demonstrated similar strength among these C2 screws in vitro, there are limited clinical data to address their differences in vivo. When different screws were placed in each side, few reports have compared the outcomes. Read More

Int J Retina Vitreous 2018 21;4:43. Epub 2018 Nov 21.

1Suita Tokushukai Hospital Eye Center, 21-1, Senriokanishi, Suita City, Osaka 565-0814 Japan.

Background: To report the multimodal imaging and histology of a case of metastatic esophageal cancer with vitreoretinal involvement resembling acute retinal necrosis (ARN) in a patient receiving systemic chemotherapy.

Case Presentation: A 69-year-old Japanese man with a history of stage 4 esophageal carcinoma, treated with three cycles of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and cisplatin (CDDP) chemotherapy as well as 30 sessions of radiation therapy, presented with new onset of blurry vision in the right eye (OD). Visual acuity was 20/200 OD. Read More

J Ophthalmic Vis Res 2018 Oct-Dec;13(4):504-507

Department of Ophthalmology, Mission Nethralaya, Shillong, Meghalaya, India.

Purpose: To report three cases of endophthalmitis following uneventful phacoemulsification surgery.

Case Report: Three cases presented with blurriness of vision 2 to 3 weeks following phacoemulsification. Vitreous culture confirmed the diagnosis. Read More

Turk Neurosurg 2018 ;28(6):995-1004

Zentrum für Wirbelsäulenchirurgie und Neurotraumatologie, Berufsgenossenschaftliche Unfallklinik Frankfurt am Main, Friedberger Landstraße 430, DE-60389 Frankfurt, Germany.

Aim: To compare four different atlantoaxial stabilization techniques.

Material And Methods: Eight human cervical spines (segments C0-C3) were tested in flexion/extension, lateral bending and axial rotation. Range of Motion (ROM) at a 1. Read More

J Neuroinflammation 2018 Nov 26;15(1):328. Epub 2018 Nov 26.

Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, Clinical and Experimental Neuroscience Group (NiCE-IMIB), Institute for Aging Research, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.

Background: Neuroprotective strategies are becoming relevant to slow down dopaminergic cell death and inflammatory processes related to the progressive neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease (PD). Interestingly, among others, physical activity (PA) or anti-oxidant agents (such as N-acetyl-L-cysteine, NAC) are common therapeutic strategies. Therefore, this study aims to analyze if there is a synergistic effect of physical activity along with NAC treatment on dopaminergic degeneration and neuroinflammatory response in a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced Parkinsonism model after subchronic intoxication. Read More

Int J Mol Sci 2018 Nov 24;19(12). Epub 2018 Nov 24.

Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences (BIOMETEC), Pharmacology Section, Medical School, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 97, 95123 Catania, Italy.

Wingless-type mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) integration site (Wnt) signaling is one of the most critical pathways in developing and adult tissues. In the brain, Wnt signaling contributes to different neurodevelopmental aspects ranging from differentiation to axonal extension, synapse formation, neurogenesis, and neuroprotection. Canonical Wnt signaling is mediated mainly by the multifunctional β-catenin protein which is a potent co-activator of transcription factors such as lymphoid enhancer factor (LEF) and T-cell factor (TCF). Read More

Adv Ther 2018 Nov 24. Epub 2018 Nov 24.

State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.

Introduction: Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) with extensive choroidal detachment (CD), suprachoroidal fluid (SCF), and lower intraocular pressure (IOP) markedly increase the difficulty of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) because it makes the insertion and placement of the trocar cannulas for PPV time-consuming and technically challenging. In this study, we developed a systemic approach that avoids the risks of sclerotomy or using a longer trocar to help in the safe placement of the trocar cannulas in order to prevent inadvertent fluid/air perfusion during PPV in RRD eyes with extensive CD, SCF, and hypotony.

Methods: This is a prospective case series study. Read More

Eur J Ophthalmol 2018 Nov 26:1120672118815105. Epub 2018 Nov 26.

Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey.

Purpose:: To identify the causative microorganism of fungal endogenous endophthalmitis in our tertiary referral uveitis center and review the therapeutic role of pars plana vitrectomy in patients with fungal endogenous endophthalmitis.

Methods:: Seven eyes of six cases were identified as fungal endogenous endophthalmitis through positive cultures of ocular fluids and clinical presentations. The final anatomical and functional results were evaluated. Read More

Ophthalmic Res 2018 Nov 23:1-6. Epub 2018 Nov 23.

Ophthalmology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal.

Purpose: To evaluate pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) outcomes in cases with tractional diabetic macular edema (tDME).

Methods: We conducted a single-center retrospective study with a follow-up of 12 months. Forty-six eyes with tDME of 38 patients submitted to PPV between 2013 and 2015 were assessed. Read More

Sci Total Environ 2018 Nov 19;655:305-312. Epub 2018 Nov 19.

National School of Public Health, Carlos III Institute of Health, Avda. Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain.

Background: While numerous studies have shown that the impact of cold waves is decreasing as result of various processes of adaptation, far fewer have analysed the time trend shown by such impact, and still fewer have done so for the different provinces of a single country, moreover using a specific cold waves definition for each. This study thus aimed to analyse the time trend of the impact of cold days on daily mortality in Spain across the period 1983-2003.

Methods: For study purposes, we used daily mortality data for all natural causes except accidents in ten Spanish provinces. Read More

Eur J Neurosci 2018 Nov 24. Epub 2018 Nov 24.

MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMS), Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK.

Neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and substantia nigra pars compacta (SNC) play central roles in reward-related behaviours. Non-human animal studies suggest that these neurons also process aversive events. However, our understanding of how the human VTA and SNC responds to such events is limited and has been hindered by the technical challenge of using fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging) to investigate a small structure where the signal is particularly vulnerable to physiological noise. Read More

Chem Cent J 2018 Nov 23;12(1):120. Epub 2018 Nov 23.

Faculty of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran.

The gas sweetening unit of phase 2 and 3 in South Pars Gas Field (Asalouyeh, Iran) was first simulated to investigate the effect of mono ethylene glycol (MEG) in the amine loop. MEG is commonly injected into the system to avoid hydrate formation while a few amounts of MEG is usually transferred to amine gas sweetening plant. This paper aims to address the points where MEG has negative effects on gas sweetening process and what the practical ways to reduce its effect are. Read More

Br J Ophthalmol 2018 Nov 23. Epub 2018 Nov 23.

Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the inverted internal limiting membrane (ILM) flap technique on the macular hole (MH) closure and foveal microstructure recovery of patients with highly myopic MH.

Methods: Pars plana vitrectomy and gas tamponade with the inverted ILM flap technique (19 eyes) or with the ILM peeling technique (21 eyes) were performed in patients with highly myopic MH with or without retinal detachment. The rate of MH closure and retinal reattachment, the reconstructive anatomical change of the foveal microstructure and the best-corrected visual acuities (BCVA) of the two groups were compared. Read More

Ophthalmology 2018 Nov 21. Epub 2018 Nov 21.

Dept. of Ophthalmology, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, CANADA; Dept. of Ophthalmology & Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, CANADA; Kensington Vision and Research Center, Toronto, CANADA. Electronic address:

Purpose: The optimal surgical intervention to repair certain common configurations of uncomplicated rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) is unknown. The purpose of this trial was to compare outcomes of pneumatic retinopexy (PnR) versus pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for the management of primary RRD.

Design: Prospective randomized controlled trial. Read More

Neuroimage 2018 Nov 20. Epub 2018 Nov 20.

Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Parkinson's disease causes a characteristic combination of motor symptoms due to progressive neurodegeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. The core impairment of dopaminergic neurotransmission has motivated the use of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in patients with Parkinson's disease to elucidate the role of dopamine in motor control and cognition in humans. Here we review the main insights from functional brain imaging in Parkinson's disease. Read More

Int Med Case Rep J 2018 30;11:293-296. Epub 2018 Oct 30.

Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan,

We experienced a case of sympathetic ophthalmia in a fellow eye after vitrectomy for subretinal hemorrhage related to polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy. A 60-year-old male consulted us for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy with subretinal hemorrhage in his left eye. The recurrence of massive subretinal hemorrhage refractory to repeated pars plana vitrectomies leads to phthisis bulbi. Read More

Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2018 Nov;49(11):e214-e217

Nd:YAG laser vitreolysis has been used as a noninvasive approach to treat visually significant vitreous strands and floaters. However, severe vision-threatening complications may occur. The authors describe a rare case of a 60-year-old woman who had suffered rupture of the posterior lens capsule with subsequent cataract formation 1 week post-Nd:YAG laser vitreolysis in the right eye. Read More

Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2018 11;49(11):904-906

Ru-ik Chee Felix Y. Chau In this case of a perforating eye injury by a 2-inch-long nail that went through the cornea, lens, and posterior eye wall, the authors describe a combined external, anterior, and posterior segment surgical approach that resulted in safe and successful removal of the foreign body. Initial external trimming of the protruding nail facilitated the use of a noncontact viewing system. Read More

Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2018 Nov;49(11):901-903

The authors report a case of a retinal detachment secondary to multiple eccentric macular holes (MEMHs) following an uneventful pars plana vitrectomy and epiretinal membrane peel, successfully treated by autologous lens capsule graft. Anatomical and functional changes were also evaluated. Autologous lens capsule graft is a safe and effective treatment for MEMHs that may improve anatomical and functional results. Read More

Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2018 Nov;49(11):897-900

The authors present the first case of macular hole (MH) after a single inhalation of poppers. A 13-year-old girl presented with vision loss in the left eye (OS). Pediatric and neurology exams were normal. Read More

eNeuro 2018 Sep-Oct;5(5). Epub 2018 Nov 16.

MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMS), London W12 0NN, United Kingdom.

GABA neurons in the VTA and SNc play key roles in reward and aversion through their local inhibitory control of dopamine neuron activity and through long-range projections to several target regions including the nucleus accumbens. It is not clear whether some of these GABA neurons are dedicated local interneurons or if they all collateralize and send projections externally as well as making local synaptic connections. Testing between these possibilities has been challenging in the absence of interneuron-specific molecular markers. Read More

Indian J Ophthalmol 2018 Dec;66(12):1825-1831

Medical Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

Purpose: Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) is a vision-threatening complication of X-linked juvenile retinoschisis (XLRS). The aim of this study is to report the anatomical and functional outcomes of vitreoretinal surgery for the treatment of RRD in X-linked juvenile retinoschisis (XLRS).

Methods: This is a retrospective, interventional, consecutive case series in which case records of 34 eyes of 28 XLRS patients, who underwent surgery for RRD, were reviewed. Read More

Indian J Ophthalmol 2018 Dec;66(12):1820-1824

Shri Bhagwan Mahavir Vitreoretinal Services, Medical Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

Purpose: To evaluate the outcome of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) surgery in eyes with preplaced glaucoma drainage device (GDD) with respect to intraocular pressure (IOP) control as well as success of retinal detachment (RD) surgery.

Methods: It is a retrospective case series. The case records of patients who underwent RD surgery after GDD implantation from 2000 to 2014 were screened. Read More

Int J Ophthalmol 2018 18;11(11):1796-1801. Epub 2018 Nov 18.

The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China.

Aim: To compare the incidence of persistent submacular fluid (SMF) and visual outcome after pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) in different preoperative macular status according to optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Methods: A non-randomized, retrospective review was performed for patients who underwent successful PPV for RRD. OCT exams were taken preoperatively and 1mo after surgery, until SMF disappeared. Read More

Int J Ophthalmol 2018 18;11(11):1779-1783. Epub 2018 Nov 18.

Department of Ophthalmology, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Trinidad and Tobago.

Aim: To report the results of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) repair after pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) without operative use of heavy liquid, and utilizing air tamponade in selected cases.

Methods: RRD patients without severity of proliferative vitreoretinopathy C or more underwent PPV without operative use of heavy liquid, and utilizing air tamponade were consecutively enrolled. Alternative postoperative facedown position or lateral position was required for 3-5d. Read More