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J Crit Care Med (Targu Mures) 2019 Jan 4;5(1):34-39. Epub 2019 Feb 4.

University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Târgu Mureş, Romania.

Introduction: A hypercalcaemic crisis, also called para thyrotoxicosis, hyper parathyroid crisis or parathyroid storm, is a complication of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) and an endocrinology emergency that can have dramatic or even fatal consequences if it is not recognised and treated in time.

Case Presentation: Two cases presented in the emergency department with critical hypercalcaemic symptoms and severe elevation of serum calcium and parathyroid hormone levels, consistent with a hypercalcaemic crisis. The first case, a 16-year-old female patient, had imaging data that highlighted a single right inferior parathyroid adenoma and a targeted surgical approach was used. Read More

Nucl Med Commun 2019 Feb 12. Epub 2019 Feb 12.

Department of Medicine, Division of Nuclear Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.

Purpose: Proposed mechanisms of parathyroid localization in 'dual-phase' technetium-99m-sestamibi imaging include increased presence of mitochondria leading to greater uptake and slower washout compared with thyroid tissues owing to reduced expression of P-glycoprotein. Using new techniques of quantitative single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/computed tomography (CT), we have measured MIBI uptake and washout to better understand factors related to conspicuity.

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 125 consecutive patients. Read More

Horm Res Paediatr 2019 Feb 8:1-8. Epub 2019 Feb 8.

Department of Pediatrics, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo,

Introduction: Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) occurs as part of familial syndromes, including CDC73-related disorders caused by germline pathogenic variants of the CDC73 gene, particularly in early adulthood. Herein, we report a familial case of a whole germline CDC73 deletion discordant for PHPT.

Case Description: A 15-year-old boy was admitted to our hospital because of persistent nausea and vomiting. Read More

Endocr Pract 2019 Jan 18. Epub 2019 Jan 18.

From: 1Department of Surgery, University of Arizona Medical Center.

Introduction: Accurate pre-operative image localization is critical in selection of minimally invasive parathyroidectomy (MIP) as a surgical treatment approach in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). Sestamibi scan, ultrasound, computed tomography and conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has varying accuracy in localizing parathyroid adenoma. Our group had previously shown that 4D MRI is more accurate than conventional imaging in identifying single adenomas. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2019 Feb;98(5):e14351

Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.

Rationale: Cystic parathyroid adenomas are rare and seldom arise in ectopically located glands which may be found within the carotid sheath, mediastinum, thymus, or thyroid grand. They cannot be detected consistently by any imaging methods. Unusual symptoms may bring about certain pitfalls and difficulties for the diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) caused by cystic parathyroid adenomas. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2019 Feb;98(5):e14347

Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology.

Rationale: Spontaneous anterior cervical or mediastinal hemorrhage is a rare presentation of parathyroid adenoma.

Patient Concerns: A 69-year-old woman presented with neck hematoma and dysphagia and was found to have a soft tissue mass adjacent to her thyroid gland as seen on MRI and neck ultrasound.

Diagnosis: Laboratory testing demonstrated elevated calcium and parathyroid hormone supporting diagnosis of parathyroid adenoma. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2019 Jan;98(4):e14154

"Lucian Blaga" University of Sibiu, Romania.

Rationale: Primary hyperparathyroidism, usually as a result of a hyperfunctioning parathyroid gland, represents more than 90% cases of patients evaluated for hypercalcemia. Combined techniques of preoperative scintigraphy and SPECT/CT serve as a successful minimally-invasive parathyroidectomy. This recent imaging method provides four-dimensional functional images with advanced contrast resolution which greatly facilitates preoperative localization of parathyroid adenomas. Read More

Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018 21;9:777. Epub 2018 Dec 21.

Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine and Sciences of Aging and Ce.S.I.-Me.T., University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.

Cinacalcet, a calcimimetic drug, is considered a safe and valid option for the treatment of hypercalcemia in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism who are unable to undergo parathyroidectomy. Hypocalcemia and gastrointestinal adverse reactions are the main side effects reported in patients treated with cinacalcet. We present here the case of an 80-years-old patient with primary hyperparathyroidism treated with cinacalcet for 17 months who developed a severe and symptomatic episode of hypocalcemia requiring hospitalization 1 month after reaching a daily dose of 180 mg. Read More

Pan Afr Med J 2018 26;30:232. Epub 2018 Jul 26.

Service d'Endocrinologie, Diabétologie CHU Hédi Chaker Sfax, Tunisie.

Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2018 Dec 19. Epub 2018 Dec 19.

Department of Nuclear Medicine, Technische Universität München, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.

Clin Nucl Med 2019 Feb;44(2):140-141

From the Departments of Nuclear Medicine, and.

F-Fluorocholine is a relatively new, extremely versatile radiotracer for detecting proliferative or mitogenic activity. Its diagnostic potential has been explored in cancers of the prostate, liver, esophagus, breast, brain, and lung, as well as lymphoma, sarcoma, melanoma, and parathyroid adenomas. The authors present a case where fluorocholine PET/CT performed for characterizing a space-occupying lesion in the brain revealed intensely tracer-avid skull lesions with intracranial soft tissue component and multiple other skeletal lesions. Read More

J Int Med Res 2019 Feb 16;47(2):836-845. Epub 2018 Dec 16.

Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.

Objective: To investigate the accuracy of dual-tracer scintigraphy for locating parathyroid adenomas in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT).

Methods: We reviewed 268 patients with PHPT. All patients underwent technetium-99m pertechnetate (TcO) scintigraphy and technetium-99m methoxyisobutylisonitrile (Tc-MIBI) dual-tracer scintigraphy of the thyroid and parathyroid glands, respectively. Read More

Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018 Dec 6;32(6):847-859. Epub 2018 Dec 6.

University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park Way, Cardiff, CF14 4XW, UK. Electronic address:

Sporadic primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) is the commonest cause of hypercalcaemia in the ambulatory population. It has a female preponderance and its incidence is increasing. In 85% of cases it is caused by a single parathyroid adenoma, with four gland hyperplasia in up to 20%. Read More

Innovations (Phila) 2018 Nov/Dec;13(6):451-454

Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart Center, Cebeci Hospitals, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.

We report a case of 53-year-old woman with the parathyroid adenoma (PA) located in the aortopulmonary window with an aberrant right subclavian artery. Her preoperative calcium level was 11.3 mg/dL (reference range = 8. Read More

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2019 Jan 6;40(1):142-149. Epub 2018 Dec 6.

Nuclear Medicine (H.H.C., F.C.W.), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.

Background And Purpose: Minimally invasive parathyroid surgery relies critically on image guidance, but data comparing the efficacy of various imaging modalities are scarce. Our aim was to perform a blinded comparison of the localizing capability of technetium Tc99m sestamibi SPECT, multiphase multidetector 4D CT, and the combination of these 2 modalities (technetium Tc99m sestamibi SPECT + multiphase multidetector 4D CT).

Materials And Methods: We reviewed the records of 31 (6 men, 25 women; median age, 56 years) consecutive patients diagnosed with biochemically confirmed primary hyperparathyroidism between November 2009 and March 2010 who underwent preoperative technetium Tc99m sestamibi SPECT and multiphase multidetector 4D CT performed on the same scanner with pathologic confirmation by resection of a single parathyroid adenoma. Read More

BJS Open 2018 Dec 28;2(6):364-370. Epub 2018 May 28.

Department of Ear, Nose and Throat, Head and Neck Surgery St George's Hospital London UK.

Background: The majority of patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) have a single overactive adenoma. Advances in preoperative imaging and surgical adjuncts have given rise to minimally invasive parathyroidectomy (MIP), with lower complication rates in comparison with bilateral neck exploration. Misdiagnosis and undertreatment of multiglandular disease, leading to potentially higher recurrence rates, remains a concern. Read More

Physiol Res 2018 Nov;67(Supplementum 3):S551-S557

Institute of Endocrinology, Prague, Czech Republic.

(18)F-fluorocholine positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FCH) was performed after inconclusive neck ultrasound and (99)Tc-sestaMIBI SPECT (MIBI) scintigraphy in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) to localize abnormal parathyroid glands before surgery. The results were retrospectively evaluated and compared to postoperative histopathological findings. 13 patients with PHPT were enrolled (mean age 64. Read More

Case Rep Otolaryngol 2018 24;2018:7340937. Epub 2018 Oct 24.

Otolaryngology Medical Specialist, Department of Otolaryngology Hospital Pedro Hispano, Unidade Local de Saúde de Matosinhos, EPE, Matosinhos, Portugal.

Nontraumatic haematoma of parapharyngeal space is very rare and may cause dysphagia and dyspnea. The authors present a case report of a 74-year-old woman with sudden nontraumatic neck swelling without dyspnea and with left pharyngeal bulging and endolaryngeal displacement. Parathyroid hormone elevation and imaging exams confirmed bleeding from a parathyroid adenoma. Read More

Diagn Cytopathol 2019 Feb 21;47(2):94-99. Epub 2018 Nov 21.

Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk Education and Research Hospital, Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara, Turkey.

Background And Objectives: The accurate identification of hyper functioning parathyroid gland is needed for definitive surgical treatment in primary hyperparathyroidism. Ultrasonography and 99mTechnetium sestamibi scintigraphy are the two most used methods with varying sensitivities. This study aimed to assess the value of parathyroid hormone (PTH) assay in preoperative ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration (FNA)-PTH washout fluid to verify the correct localisation of lesions with negative or inconclusive scintigraphy results. Read More

Nucl Med Commun 2019 Feb;40(2):96-105

Department of Nuclear Medicine, Northwest Clinics, Alkmaar, The Netherlands.

One of the most promising imaging techniques in primary hyperparathyroidism is PET/CT with choline-based tracers. To investigate the current evidence of these tracers in localizing parathyroid adenoma, a systematic review was performed. A comprehensive literature search was carried out and eligible studies were analyzed. Read More

Case Rep Surg 2018 23;2018:9261749. Epub 2018 Oct 23.

Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University Health Network, Canada.

A 71-year-old man with known history of atrial fibrillation (treated with routine rivaroxaban therapy) was found to have incidental biochemical elevated calcium and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels. His physical examination demonstrated the presence of a palpable right neck mass. Subsequent imaging studies revealed a large parathyroid mass as well as multiple bone lesions, raising the suspicion of parathyroid carcinoma. Read More

Clin Nucl Med 2019 Feb;44(2):148-149

Department of Radiology, University of Michigan.

In addition to nuclear cardiac and breast imaging, Tc-sestamibi scintigraphy is often used to localize parathyroid adenomas. F- fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET is heavily utilized in oncology, although its use in identifying parathyroid adenomas is limited. We describe a case of a 57-year-old woman who underwent parathyroid scintigraphy and F-FDG PET/CT in the same week due to hyperparathyroidism and an enlarging breast mass, respectively. Read More

Am J Case Rep 2018 Nov 8;19:1334-1337. Epub 2018 Nov 8.

Fourth Surgical Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, General Hospital "G. Papanikolaou", Thessaloniki, Greece.

BACKGROUND Solitary parathyroid adenomas are the leading cause of primary hyperparathyroidism in 0% to 85% of cases. Diagnosis of parathyroid adenoma is based on typical clinical presentation of hypercalcemia, biochemical profile, and modern imaging studies. The purpose of this article is to present the diagnostic and therapeutic approach used for a 73-year-old female patient with a giant parathyroid adenoma measuring 5×2. Read More

Indian J Nucl Med 2018 Oct-Dec;33(4):355-358

Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, Karnataka, India.

Choline is a natural substrate for phospholipid synthesis. F-18 labeled fluorocholine nowadays is routinely used for imaging brain tumors, parathyroid adenoma, and prostate cancer. It is synthesized through nucleophilic substitution reaction using dibromomethane and N, N-dimethylaminoethanol as primary and secondary precursors, respectively. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2018 Nov;97(44):e13107

Department of Radiology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province.

Rationale: Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPTI) with respiratory tract symptom is extremely rare. It is caused by autonomic oversecretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH) owing to parathyroid adenoma, hyperplasia, or tumor. The diagnosis of PHPTI often needs to be made based on medical history, clinical manifestation, laboratory tests, and imaging examination. Read More

Nucl Med Commun 2018 Dec;39(12):1190-1196

Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to assess the utility of early dynamic PET/computed tomography with fluorine-18-fluorocholine (F-FCH) in detecting parathyroid lesions and in differentiating parathyroid lesions from cervical lymph nodes (LNs).

Patients And Methods: A prospective study was conducted on 14 patients with clinical and biochemical evidence of primary hyperparathyroidism by having a positive Tc-sestaMIBI scan. Patients underwent early dynamic F-FCH PET/computed tomography scan, after the administration of 5-8 mCi (185-296 MBq) at 1 min per frame for 15 min. Read More

J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2018 Oct 26;47(1):65. Epub 2018 Oct 26.

Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Alberta, 1E4 Walter Mackenzie Center, 8440 112 Street, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2B7, Canada.

Background: Accurate localization of parathyroid adenomas is of critical importance in surgical planning for minimally invasive parathyroidectomy. SPECT/CT is considered the investigation of choice but has limitations regarding localization of superior versus inferior adenomas. We proposed a novel method for localization using SPECT/CT by determining the anterior-posterior relationship of the adenoma to a horizontal line in the coronal plane through the tracheoesophageal groove. Read More

N Engl J Med 2018 Oct;379(15):e24

Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan.

Medicine (Baltimore) 2018 Oct;97(40):e12578

Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing.

This study aimed to evaluate the characteristics of parathyroid carcinoma and to validate the diagnostic value of Tc-methoxyisobutylisonitrile (MIBI) single photon emission computed tomography/x-ray computed tomography (SPECT/CT) for differentiating between parathyroid carcinoma and hyperparathyroidism. Four consecutive patients with suspected primary hyperparathyroidism were enrolled in this study and underwent Tc-MIBI SPECT/CT, ultrasonography, enhanced CT, and MRI. Serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcium were measured. Read More

Endocr Pract 2019 Jan 5;25(1):16-22. Epub 2018 Oct 5.

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between various biochemical parameters in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) with positive and negative technetium-99 sestamibi (Tc) parathyroid scans performed with single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT).

Methods: This retrospective analysis was used to develop a logistic probability model. It included 218 patients with PHPT. Read More

Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2019 Feb 5;101(2):97-102. Epub 2018 Oct 5.

General Surgery Department, Princess Royal University Hospital , Orpington , UK.

Introduction: Minimally invasive parathyroidectomy has advantages over the traditional bilateral neck exploration for the surgical treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism. It requires accurate localisation of the parathyroid pathology prior to surgery. The best method of preoperative localisation in a district general hospital setting is not well understood. Read More

Case Rep Otolaryngol 2018 9;2018:6482546. Epub 2018 Sep 9.

Department of General and Digestive Surgery, Príncipe de Asturias Teaching Hospital, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.

Introduction: The variability of the location of the parathyroid glands is directly related to the events that occur during embryonic development. The impact that an individual submits more than four parathyroid glands is close to 13%. However the presentation of a parathyroid adenoma in a supernumerary gland is an uncommon event. Read More

Oral Oncol 2018 Nov 28;86:314-315. Epub 2018 Sep 28.

Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. Electronic address:

Wien Med Wochenschr 2019 Feb 27;169(1-2):15-24. Epub 2018 Sep 27.

UK für Nuklearmedizin und Endokrinologie, Universitätsklinikum Salzburg der Paracelus Medizinischen Privatuniversität, Müllner Hauptstraße 48, 5020, Salzburg, Österreich.

Background: Ultrasound and sestamibi scintigraphy are the recommended standard procedures for initial diagnosis in primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT). Recently, F‑18 choline positron emission tomography computed tomography (choline PET/CT) has been shown promising results for the diagnostic work up of primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) suggesting superiority over conventional scintigraphy using Tc99m sestamibi based protocols using planar dual-phase imaging, SPECT or SPECT/CT.

Methods: This review presents the results of F‑18 choline PET/CT on the basis of a literature search using the keywords "primary hyperparathyroidism and choline", "primary hyperparathyroidism and PET", "parathyroid adenoma and choline" und "parathyroid adenoma and PET". Read More

AME Case Rep 2018 15;2:22. Epub 2018 May 15.

Department of General Surgery, Derriford Hospital, Plymouth, PL6 8DH, UK.

Primary hyperparathyroidism secondary to true sporadic synchronous parathyroid cancer (PTCa) and adenoma (PTa) is rare. This is a case of an 80-year-old female admitted with symptomatic hypercalcaemia, raised serum calcium (Ca) of 3.39 mmol/L and raised parathyroid hormone (PTH) of 44. Read More

Int J Mol Sci 2018 Sep 26;19(10). Epub 2018 Sep 26.

Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK.

Breast cancer cells colonize the skeleton by homing to specific niches, but the involvement of osteoblasts in tumour cell seeding, colonization, and progression is unknown. We used an in vivo model to determine how increasing the number of cells of the osteoblast lineage with parathyroid hormone (PTH) modified subsequent skeletal colonization by breast cancer cells. BALB/c nude mice were injected for five consecutive days with PBS (control) or PTH and then injected with DiD-labelled breast cancer cells via the intra-cardiac route. Read More

Ochsner J 2018 ;18(2):170-175

Department of Radiology, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, LA.

Background: Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is a rare, autosomal dominant inherited syndrome caused by mutations in the MEN1 tumor suppressor gene. The diagnosis is defined clinically by the presence of 2 or more primary MEN1 tumors (parathyroid, anterior pituitary, and pancreatic islet). We describe the case of a patient who presented with classic history and imaging findings for MEN1. Read More

Nucl Med Commun 2018 Dec;39(12):1129-1137

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the value of technetium-99m methoxyisobutylisonitrile (Tc-MIBI) imaging and ultrasound in preoperative localization of parathyroid adenoma (PA) and parathyroid hyperplasia (PH).

Participants And Methods: A retrospective study of Tc-MIBI double-phase scintigraphy (DPS) was performed in 187 hyperparathyroidism cases with pathologically diagnosed PA or PH. Of these patients, 167 cases underwent ultrasound, and 146 cases underwent Tc-MIBI single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT). Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2018 Sep 4;2018. Epub 2018 Sep 4.

Internal Medicine, Providence Health System, Washington, District of Colombia, USA.

A 77-year-old woman was diagnosed with pheochromocytoma followed by adrenalectomy at age 57. Hyperparathyroidism without osteoprosis was diagnosed at age 58. At age 75, Dual Energy X-ray Absoptiometry (DEXA) revealed osteoporosis and sestamibi scan showed a left parathyroid adenoma. Read More

Clin Nucl Med 2018 Nov;43(11):e400-e401

From the Department of Nuclear Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.

Recent studies have established the superiority of FCH PET/CT over MIBI scan in accurate preoperative localization of parathyroid adenomas. In this patient, we compared both early dynamic and conventional static imaging to see if early imaging could suffice. We describe a 15-year-old boy with primary hyperparathyroidism, in whom early dynamic FCH PET/CT was performed for 15 minutes after injection, followed by conventional static image at 60 minutes. Read More

Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2018 Jul-Aug;22(4):535-541

Department of Nuclear Medicine, AIIMS, New Delhi, India.

To give an overview of the potential clinical utility of 18F-fluorocholine PET/CT (FCH PET/CT) in imaging of parathyroid adenoma. Available studies have provided preliminary results of 18F-FCH PET/CT in primary and secondary hyperparathyroidism. Results of various studies have shown that 18F-FCH is a promising upcoming tracer for the detection of parathyroid adenomas, especially when multiple, or having low size. Read More

Eur J Surg Oncol 2018 11 13;44(11):1671-1678. Epub 2018 Aug 13.

Head and Neck Surgery and Otorhinolaryngology Department, A C Camargo Cancer Center, Sao Paulo, Brazil.

The central compartment is a common site for nodal spread from differentiated thyroid carcinoma, often occurring in patients without clinical or ultrasonographic (US) evidence of neck lymph node metastasis (cN0). However, the role of elective central compartment neck dissection (CND) among patients with DTC remains controversial. We performed a systematic literature review, also including review of international guidelines, with discussion of anatomic and technical aspects, as well as risks and benefits of performing elective CND. Read More

Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2018 May-Jun;22(3):355-361

Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, St John's Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.

Background: Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is a common endocrine disease with a variable clinical presentation. PHPT is usually symptomatic at presentation in majority of the patients, especially in developing countries. As the accessibility to investigations, advanced imaging methods and surgical procedures are improving, the clinical profile of the patients with PHPT has undergone a palpable change compared to the earlier description. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2018 Jul 30;2018. Epub 2018 Jul 30.

Department of Nephrology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.

Parathyroid or hypercalcaemic crisis is a rare presenting manifestation of primary hyperparathyroidism and usually seen in relation to parathyroid carcinoma and multiple myeloma. We present a middle-aged woman with extreme hypercalcaemia due to parathyroid adenoma presenting as acute kidney injury. This case highlights the need to consider primary hyperparathyroidism in differentials of a patient presenting with severe hypercalcaemia and renal dysfunction. Read More

Ann Ital Chir 2018 ;89:379-384

Objective: The aim of the present study was to compare the surgical results with contrast-enhanced [99mTc]methoxyisobutylisonitrile ([99mTc]MIBI) single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/computed tomography (CT) results by adding the simultaneous single phase contrast to the [99mTc]MIBI SPECT/CT examination.

Method: Between November 2016 and January 2018, 24 (21 female, 3 male) patients who underwent an operation after preoperative contrast-enhanced [99mTc]MIBI SPECT/CT, and 49 asymptomatic patients (42 female, 7 male), who did not undergo surgery, were included in the study.

Results: Sensitivity and specificity rates of contrast enhanced [99mTc]MIBI SPECT/CT were 100% and 100% when evaluated together with surgical results. Read More

Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2018 Winter;30(4):472-474. Epub 2018 Jul 19.

Department of Thoracic, Endocrine Surgery and Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan.

Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) and robotic surgery are minimally invasive surgeries for mediastinal parathyroid adenomas. However, a transthoracic approach is often difficult in the cervicothoracic transition area because of the limited visual field. We report a novel minimally invasive surgery for an ectopic parathyroid adenoma in the middle mediastinum using a cervical approach under a pneumomediastinum. Read More

S Afr J Surg 2018 Jun;56(2):30-33

Department of Anesthesiology, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital and the Faculty of Health sciences. University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.

Background: Presentation of hyperparathyroidism varies and is highly non-specific. The automated calcium analyzer has made the diagnosis easy. Similarly, the advent of Sestamibi scan has paved the way to minimally invasive parathyroidectomy indicated for parathyroid adenoma. Read More

Wideochir Inne Tech Maloinwazyjne 2018 Jun 7;13(2):270-277. Epub 2018 Feb 7.

Centre of Abdominal Surgery, Clinic of Gastroenterology, Nephrourology and Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.

Primary hyperparathyroidism is overproduction of parathyroid hormone, causing hypercalcemia. Parathyroid adenomas have been found to be the etiology for 80% of cases of primary hyperparathyroidism, while almost a quarter of them are ectopic. We present a case of ectopic thymic parathyroid adenoma, treated by the thoracoscopic approach. Read More

S D Med 2018 Apr;71(4):176-178

CORE Orthopedics, Sioux Falls, South Dakota.

We present a case of osteitis fibrosa cystica (OFC), also known as "brown tumor." A 55-year old female was admitted to the hospital with several months of right hip pain that was becoming more severe. A malignant lesion of the pelvis was suspected after initial imaging studies. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2018 Jul;97(28):e11333

Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Clinical Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute.

Rationale: Parathyroid hormone PTH) levels are the main parameters to differentiate primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) from non-PTH-dependent hypercalcemia. We report a case of hypercalcemia with normal PTH levels due to a parathyroid adenoma.

Patient Concerns: A 52-year-old female patient presented with 2-year history of documented sustained high-normal serum calcium and hypercalcemia (2. Read More