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Sleep 2018 Nov 26. Epub 2018 Nov 26.

Minnesota Regional Sleep Disorders Center, Departments of Psychiatry, Hennepin County Medical Center and University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA.

Study Objectives: Complex sexual behavior during sleep (CSBS) is a well described clinical entity in NREM sleep parasomnias (i.e. sexsomnia). Read More

Cureus 2018 Sep 22;10(9):e3345. Epub 2018 Sep 22.

Neurology, University of Missouri, Columbia, USA.

Sleep disorders constitute a major aspect of the non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). Rapid eye movement (REM) behavior disorders are the most frequently experienced parasomnias in patients with PD. Non-REM sleep disorders like confusional arousals, sleep terrors, sleepwalking, and sleep-related eating disorder (SRED) are also associated with PD. Read More

Curr Biol 2018 Nov 19;28(22):R1288-R1289. Epub 2018 Nov 19.

Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle, Sorbonne University, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France. Electronic address:

Arnulf describes the fascinating behavior of sleepwalking and its associated parasomnias. Read More

Handb Exp Pharmacol 2018 Nov 16. Epub 2018 Nov 16.

Wisconsin Institute for Sleep and Consciousness, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI, USA.

Sleep and wakefulness are highly complex processes that are elegantly orchestrated by fine-tuned neurochemical changes among neuronal and non-neuronal ensembles, nuclei, and networks of the brain. Important neurotransmitters and neuromodulators regulating the circadian and homeostatic facets of sleep-wake physiology include melatonin, γ-aminobutyric acid, hypocretin, histamine, norepinephrine, serotonin, dopamine, and adenosine. Dysregulation of these neurochemical systems may cause sleep-wake disorders, which are commonly classified into insomnia disorder, parasomnias, circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders, central disorders of hypersomnolence, sleep-related movement disorders, and sleep-related breathing disorders. Read More

Sleep Med 2018 Sep 29;53:28-34. Epub 2018 Sep 29.

Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. Electronic address:

Objectives: To examine associations between parent-reported child sleep walking or talking, nightmares, and trouble sleeping at age eight and psychiatric problems in adulthood (age 30-35) in extremely low birth weight (ELBW; <1000 g) survivors and matched normal birth weight (NBW; >2500 g) control participants.

Methods: At age eight, parents of ELBW survivors and NBW control participants completed sleep items on the Child Behavior Checklist assessing the presence of sleep walking/talking, nightmares, or trouble sleeping. At age 30-35, 98 ELBW and 94 NBW individuals completed the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Read More

Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2018 Nov;154(5):718-732

Department of Orthodontics, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan. Electronic address:

Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a complex disorder that affects multiple systems and may cause craniofacial and dentofacial abnormalities. However, there is still a lack of evidence in the literature regarding the progress of orthodontic treatment in patients with PWS. This case report describes the successful orthodontic treatment of a patient with PWS. Read More

Nat Sci Sleep 2018 10;10:317-326. Epub 2018 Oct 10.

"Claudio Munari" Center for Epilepsy Surgery, Niguarda Hospital, Milan, Italy,

Sleep-related hypermotor epilepsy (SHE), previously called nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy (NFLE), is a focal epilepsy characterized by asymmetric tonic/dystonic posturing and/or complex hyperkinetic seizures occurring mostly during sleep. SHE fulfills the definition of rare disease with an estimated minimum prevalence of 1.8/100,000 individuals, and it represents about 10% of drug-resistant surgical cases. Read More

Oxid Med Cell Longev 2018;2018:7612172. Epub 2018 Sep 18.

Graduation Program in Biochemistry, Federal Pampa University, Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil.

J Sleep Res 2018 Oct 8:e12772. Epub 2018 Oct 8.

Sleep Disorders Centre, Guy's Hospital, London, UK.

Although video polysomnography (vPSG) is not routinely recommended for the evaluation of typical cases of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) parasomnias, it can aid diagnosis of unusual cases, other sleep disorders and complicated cases with REM behaviour disorder (RBD), and in differentiating parasomnias from epilepsy. In this study, we aimed to assess vPSG findings in consecutive patients with a clinical diagnosis of NREM-parasomnia covering the whole phenotypic spectrum. Five hundred and twelve patients with a final diagnosis of NREM parasomnia who had undergone vPSG were retrospectively identified. Read More

Am J Med 2018 Oct 4. Epub 2018 Oct 4.

Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass.

Sleep disorders are frequent and can have serious consequences on patients' health and quality of life. While some sleep disorders are more challenging to treat, most can be easily managed with adequate interventions. We review the main diagnostic features of 6 major sleep disorders (insomnia, circadian rhythm disorders, sleep-disordered breathing, hypersomnia/narcolepsy, parasomnias, and restless legs syndrome/periodic limb movement disorder) to aid medical practitioners in screening and treating sleep disorders as part of clinical practice. Read More

Rinsho Shinkeigaku 2018 Oct 29;58(10):617-621. Epub 2018 Sep 29.

Department of Neurology, Dokkyo Medical University.

A 57-year-old woman had been suffered from insomnia due to restlessness and abnormal sensation of the left side of the body for 33 years. Since the preceding year of the first visit frequency of the symptoms increased, and the abnormal sensation was spread to the right leg. Her daughter had restless legs syndrome (RLS) since age 20. Read More

Nihon Eiseigaku Zasshi 2018 ;73(3):365-372

Graduate School of Health and Nursing Science, Wakayama Medical University.

Objectives: In this study, we examined whether a combined regimen of a short-term nap and a light physical exercise is effective in improving sleep among elderly individuals with mild-to-moderate dementia in communal living group homes.

Methods: Twenty-three female residents (aged 87.4±5. Read More

Mo Med 2018 Mar-Apr;115(2):169-175

Pradeep C. Bollu, MD, Munish K. Goyal, MD, Mahesh Thakkar, PhD, and Pradeep Sahota, MD, MSMA member since 2003, are in the Department of Neurology, University of Missouri - Columbia.

Parasomnias are abnormal and undesirable behaviors during sleep and are thought to be due to the sleep state instability. Some of them are benign, while some of them point to a possible underlying neurodegenerative process. This article briefly discusses the clinical characteristics, demographics, and pathophysiology of major parasomnias and associated disorders. Read More

Neurophysiol Clin 2018 Oct 15;48(5):277-286. Epub 2018 Sep 15.

NeuroPain Team, Inserm U 1028/CNRS, UMR 5292, University of Lyon, Lyon Neuroscience Research Centre (CRNL), 69677 Bron, France.

Objective: Differential diagnosis between sleep-related epileptic seizures and NREM parasomnia remains challenging. Pathophysiological markers to differentiate both conditions are needed. Activation of autonomic system is present in arousal reactions and epileptic seizures. Read More

Workplace Health Saf 2018 Sep 17:2165079918785392. Epub 2018 Sep 17.

10 Manisa Celal Bayar University.

Sleep problems may have negative effects on work-life balance, overall health, and safety. We aimed to investigate the association between sleep disorders and absenteeism and delay to work (being late or tardy) among the working adult population. The study was conducted by using data from a large survey of working adults who participated in the Turkish Adult Population Epidemiology of Sleep Study (TAPES) managed by Turkish Sleep Medicine Society (TSMS). Read More

J Clin Med 2018 Aug 23;7(9). Epub 2018 Aug 23.

Department of Experimental Dentistry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland.

Background: Sleep sex also known as sexsomnia or somnambulistic sexual behavior is proposed to be classified as NREM (non-rapid eye movement) parasomnia (as a clinical subtype of disorders of arousal from NREM sleep-primarily confusional arousals or less commonly sleepwalking), but it has also been described in relation to REM (rapid eye movement) parasomnias.

Methods: The authors searched the PubMed database to identify relevant publications and present the co-occurrence of sexsomnia and other sleep disorders as a non-systematic review with case series.

Results: In the available literature the comorbidity of sexsomnia and other sleep disorders were reported mainly in case reports and less in case series. Read More

Neurol Sci 2018 Nov 17;39(11):1927-1934. Epub 2018 Aug 17.

Department of Geriatric Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.

Objective: Recent studies have shown an association between migraine and restless legs syndrome (RLS), but RLS prevalence among individuals with migraine differs substantially across studies. The present work aimed to comprehensively assess available evidence to estimate RLS prevalence among individuals with migraine and non-migraine controls.

Method: Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, and SinoMed databases were searched for observational and case-control studies of RLS prevalence among individuals with migraine. Read More

Saudi Med J 2018 Aug;39(8):792-798

Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Hitit University, Corum, Turkey. E-mail.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of restless legs syndrome (RLS) in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) and to compare CRF patients with or without RLS in terms fatigue and sleep quality.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 220 patients (18-75 years) who were undergoing dialysis 3 times weekly in Çorum Province, Corum, Turkey, between January 2014 and January 2016. The diagnosis of RLS was based on the diagnostic form proposed by the international RLS study group. Read More

Sleep Med Clin 2018 Sep;13(3):335-348

Sleep and Epilepsy Center, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Civic Hospital of Lugano (EOC), Via Tesserete 46, Lugano CH-6903, Switzerland.

Restless legs syndrome/Willis-Ekbom disease is a common disorder during pregnancy that may significantly impact on the health of affected women, leading to negative consequences in the short and long term. An accurate diagnosis helps to recognize the syndrome and choose the optimal therapeutic strategy, based on the characteristics and needs of the patient. This article summarizes the main treatment options recommended by the consensus clinical guidelines of the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group and provides a short guide to the management of restless leg syndrome during pregnancy in clinical practice. Read More

Headache 2018 Jul 8;58(7):1030-1039. Epub 2018 Aug 8.

Montefiore Headache Center, Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.

Migraine shares a complex and poorly understood relationship with sleep. Patients consistently report poor sleep prior to migraine attacks and during them, identifying poor sleep as a migraine trigger. However, anecdotally, sleep is reported to serve a therapeutic role in terminating headache. Read More

Rev Neurol (Paris) 2018 Sep - Oct;174(7-8):522-531. Epub 2018 Jul 31.

Clinical Neurophysiology Department, Clinical Neurosciences Pole, Bordeaux Teaching Hospital, 33076 Bordeaux, France; Bordeaux University, Aquitaine Institute of Cognitive and Integrative Neurosciences, UMR5287, 33076 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Aquitaine Institute of Cognitive and Integrative Neurosciences, UMR 5287, 33076 Bordeaux, France.

Dopaminergic agonists, α2δ ligands and opioids are, as single-drug therapy, the first line treatment for restless legs syndrome (RLS/Willis-Ekbom disease). However, despite treatment efficacy, exacerbations of RLS may occur with overall worsening in symptoms severity, development of pain and symptoms spreading to other parts of the body, without meeting augmentation syndrome criteria. This development of "drug-resistant" RLS can cause pain, severe insomnia and psychiatric disorders that affect considerably patients' quality of life. Read More

J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv 2018 Aug;56(8):11-14

Sleep terrors, one of the non-rapid eye movement parasomnias, are interesting nighttime phenomena that can be distressing for parents. For most children, this behavior is temporary and does not cause significant problems. However, some psychiatric conditions may have a higher prevalence of parasomnias, including sleep terrors. Read More

J Adolesc 2018 Oct 29;68:87-93. Epub 2018 Jul 29.

National Jewish Health, USA.

Introduction: Involvement in bullying is associated with negative health outcomes for adolescents. Recent studies suggest that bullying is related to sleep disturbances. The purpose of this study was to examine differences in sleep disturbances (bedtime fears, insomnia, parasomnias) between victims, bullies, and youth not involved in bullying, as well as to explore differences across various types of bullying behavior (verbal, physical, social, cyber). Read More

Curr Pain Headache Rep 2018 Jul 30;22(10):63. Epub 2018 Jul 30.

Jefferson Headache Center, 900 Walnut Street, Suite, Philadelphia, PA, 200, USA.

Purpose Of Review: To explain our current understanding of exploding head syndrome (EHS), an unusual and underreported sensory parasomnia.

Recent Findings: Based on findings from recent studies of EHS, the prevalence is higher than previously suggested by the literature, which historically has consisted mostly of case reports. The typical presentation also has been better illustrated by recent case series, and diagnostic criteria have been defined. Read More

Rev Neurol (Paris) 2018 Sep - Oct;174(7-8):532-539. Epub 2018 Jul 25.

Narcolepsy and Idiopathic Hypersomnia National Reference Centre, 75000 Paris, France; Neurology Department, Sleep disorders Unit, Gui-De-Chauliac Hospital, 34295 Montpellier, France; Inserm U1061, UM1, 34295 Montpellier, France.

Augmentation syndrome is one of the most severe complications of RLS. It is characterised by a worsening of treated symptoms; principally an increase in the severity of symptoms and an earlier onset time. Augmentation syndrome occurs primarily with dopaminergic treatments. Read More

Rev Neurol (Paris) 2018 Sep - Oct;174(7-8):515-521. Epub 2018 Jul 24.

Inserm UMR 1171, Clinical Neuropathy, Teaching Hospital, Lille University, 1, place de Verdun, 59045 Lille cedex, France. Electronic address:

Treatment of restless legs syndrome (RLS) must only be considered after a definite positive diagnosis. The RLS phenotype must be characterised precisely, iron deficiency always tested for, and aggravating factors eliminated when possible. Medical treatment is considered for severe or very severe forms and based on dopaminergic agonists, α2δ-1 ligands and/or opioids. Read More

Rev Neurol (Paris) 2018 Sep - Oct;174(7-8):508-514. Epub 2018 Jul 23.

Inserm UMR 1171, Clinical Neurophysiology, Teaching Hospital, Lille University, 1, place de Verdun, 59045 Lille cedex, France. Electronic address:

Correct diagnosis of restless legs syndrome (RLS) is essential to patient care and treatment. Diagnosis is most often clinical and based on diagnostic criteria: the need to move the legs accompanied to varying degrees by unpleasant sensations, predominantly during the evening and improved by movement. In rare cases, clinical examination is insufficient and a polysomnography is necessary. Read More

Epilepsy Res 2018 Sep 17;145:185-197. Epub 2018 Jul 17.

Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States. Electronic address:

Co-morbid sleep disorders, including sleep apnea, insomnia, restless legs syndrome, and the parasomnias, occur frequently in people with epilepsy. This article reviews the cardinal presenting symptoms and diagnostic features of each of these disorders to enable epileptologists to readily screen and identify sleep co-morbidities in their patients. It summarizes current evidence concerning the reciprocal relationship between sleep disturbances and epilepsy and available treatment options for common sleep disorders in people with epilepsy. Read More

Noro Psikiyatr Ars 2018 Mar 19;55(1):54-58. Epub 2018 Mar 19.

Department of Psychiatry, Kanuni Sultan Süleyman Education and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey.

Introduction: The aim of the study is to investigate the relationship between circadian characteristics and behavioral problems in children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) (n=53), and to compare this group with healthy controls (n=38).

Method: Fifty-three medication-free children with ADHD, aged 6-12 years, and 38 healthy children, age and sex matched, participated. Parents completed the Conners' Parent Rating Scale-Revised, the Children's Chronotype Questionnaire (CCTQ), and the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) to assess sleep variables. Read More

Front Psychol 2018 5;9:1140. Epub 2018 Jul 5.

Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.

To assess the prevalence of parasomnias in relation to presence and severity of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). We hypothesized higher parasomnia prevalence with higher OSA severity. The sample comprised 4,372 patients referred to a Norwegian university hospital with suspicion of OSA (mean age 49. Read More

Turk Kardiyol Dern Ars 2018 07;46(5):426

Department of Neurology, Kocaeli Derince Training and Research Hospital, Kocaeli, Turkey.

Behav Neurol 2018 19;2018:9421098. Epub 2018 Jun 19.

Department of Neurology, Taipei Medical University Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan.

Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is a parasomnia, with abnormal dream-enacting behavior during the rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. RBD is either idiopathic or secondary to other neurologic disorders and medications. Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is the third most common cause of dementia, and the typical clinical presentation is rapidly progressive cognitive impairment. Read More

Clin Neuropharmacol 2018 Sep/Oct;41(5):197-198

Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Meram School of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey.

Fluoxetine is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor that is commonly used in children and adolescents. Several reports exist regarding the relationship of fluoxetine use and sleep bruxism. We report the case of a 6-year-old girl who was successfully treated with once-nightly dosing of buspirone for fluoxetine-induced sleep bruxism, which was confirmed with clear on-off-on treatment sequence. Read More

Arq Neuropsiquiatr 2018 Jun;76(6):387-392

Universidade Federal Fluminense, Departamento de Neurologia, Niterói RJ, Brasil.

Objective: To investigate associations of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs), bruxism, anxiety and sleep quality among military firefighters with frequent episodic tension-type headache (FETTH).

Methods: The sample comprised two groups (80 individuals): controls (mean age 35.2 years) and study group (mean age 38. Read More

Sleep Med 2018 Oct 4;50:14-20. Epub 2018 Jun 4.

MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Child Health Care, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. Electronic address:

Objective: Sleep dysfunction has been speculated to be involved in the pathological mechanism of nocturnal enuresis (NE). However, results obtained from previous studies were conflicting. This study evaluated and compared the sleep patterns and problems between children with and without nocturnal enuresis (NE) across different age and gender groups in a large epidemiological study. Read More

Nat Rev Neurol 2018 Aug;14(8):470-481

Reference National Center for Narcolepsy-Hypersomnia, Sleep Unit, Department of Neurology, Gui-de-Chauliac Hospital, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.

Non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep parasomnias (or NREM parasomnias) are fascinating disorders with mysterious neurobiological substrates. These conditions are common and often severe, with social, personal and forensic implications. The NREM parasomnias include sleepwalking, sleep terrors and confusional arousals - collectively termed disorders of arousal (DOAs) - as well as less well-known entities such as sleep-related sexual behaviours and eating disorders. Read More

Hong Kong Med J 2018 06;24 Suppl 3(3):24-28

Department of Nuclear Medicine and Positron Emission Tomography, Hong Kong Sanatorium and Hospital.

Natl Med J India 2017 Sep-Oct;30(5):296

Department of General Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India.

Indian J Dent Res 2018 May-Jun;29(3):275-279

Department of Public Health Dentistry, JSS Dental College and Hospital, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeshwara University, JSS Medical Institution Campus, SS Nagar, Mysore, Karnataka, India.

Background: One of the widespread problems of oral health is bruxism and is defined as a parafunctional habit with involuntary grinding and gnashing of the teeth occurring during sleep. However, bruxism is connected to anxiety and stress, but the published literature on bruxism among prison inmates is scanty. Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of active sleep bruxism and its impact on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) among inmates in Central Penal Institution, Mysore. Read More

Workplace Health Saf 2018 Jul 13;66(7):360. Epub 2018 Jun 13.

1 University of Michigan.

Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a highly prevalent sleep disorder contributing to worker absenteeism, decline in productivity, and employer costs. Identification of workers at risk for RLS can contribute to improved worker sleep, safety, and quality of life. Read More

J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol 2018 Jun 11:1-14. Epub 2018 Jun 11.

g School of Psychology, Laval University.

This study examined the moderating role of parental behaviors in the longitudinal link between peer victimization and sleep problems during preschool. The sample consisted of 1,181 children (594 girls) attending day care between the ages of 3 and 6 years. Participants were part of the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Child Development, a longitudinal study of child development led by the Institut de la Statistique du Quebec. Read More

Sleep Med Rev 2018 08 12;40:215-216. Epub 2018 May 12.

Department of Systems Medicine, University of Roma "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy; Neuroscience PhD School, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy; IRCSS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.

Sleep Med Rev 2018 08 19;40:217. Epub 2018 May 19.

Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, China. Electronic address:

Psychogeriatrics 2018 May;18(3):155-165

Division of Sleep Research, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, India.

In contrast to newborns, who spend 16-20 h in sleep each day, adults need only about sleep daily. However, many elderly may struggle to obtain those 8 h in one block. In addition to changes in sleep duration, sleep patterns change as age progresses. Read More

Expert Opin Ther Pat 2018 Jul;28(7):561-571

f Post-graduation Program on Intelectual Property and Technology Transfer for Inovation (PROFNIT) , Federal University of Bahia, Campus Universitário de Ondina , R. Barão de Jeremoabo , Salvador-BA , Brazil.

Introduction: Bruxism is among the most chronic dental problems worldwide, and its perception may increase indicatively the condition of people's health, avoiding future health problems. Technologic solutions have improved considerably owing to new diagnostic and treatment technologies and their automation. This review aims to assess therapeutic methods for bruxism through analysis of patent applications spanning recent decades. Read More

Curr Treat Options Neurol 2018 Jun 5;20(7):26. Epub 2018 Jun 5.

Sleep Medicine and Epilepsy Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Via Mondino, 27100, Pavia, Italy.

Purpose Of Review: The purpose of this review was to discuss the currently available pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic treatment options for parasomnias.

Recent Findings: Recent pathophysiological findings about sleep structure in parasomnias helped understanding several drug mechanisms of action. Serotoninergic theory accounts for the effect of serotoninergic drugs. Read More

Neuropsychobiology 2017 1;76(2):100-104. Epub 2018 Jun 1.

Clinic for Sleep- and Chronomedicine, St.-Hedwig-Krankenhaus Berlin, Berlin, Germany.

Introduction: REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is considered a prodromal phase of α-synucleinopathy like Parkinson disease (PD). PD is characterized by a progressive decline of dopamine (DA) in the striatum. Here we report the surprising increase in DA transporter density over successive years in an RBD patient treated with melatonin. Read More

J Hist Ideas 2017 07;78(3):401-25

A young man of a cholerick constitution lying asleep upon his bed, rose up thence on the sudden, took a sword, opened the doors, and muttering much to himself went into the street, where he quarrelled alone, and fancying that he was in fight with his enemies, he made divers passes, till at length he fell down, and through an unhappy slip of his sword, he gave himself a dangerous wound upon the breast. Hereupon being awaked and affrighted, and dreading lest such his night-walkings might at some time or other create him as great dangers, he sent for me to be his physician, and was accordingly cured. Read More

Neurol Sci 2018 Sep 29;39(9):1559-1564. Epub 2018 May 29.

Center for Sleep-related Disorders, Department of Neurology, Kansai Electric Power Hospital, 2-1-7, Fukushima, Osaka, Fukushima, 553-0003, Japan.

Objectives: Preventing augmentation is the critical clinical issue for RLS treatment. As for augmentation in Asian RLS patients, there have been only four studies and the follow-up durations of these studies were not long. We investigated Japanese RLS patients with longer duration of treatment in a clinical setting. Read More