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Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2020 May-Jun;23(3):368-369. Epub 2020 Jun 10.

Department of Neurology, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA.

Am J Case Rep 2020 Jun 23;21:e922342. Epub 2020 Jun 23.

Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.

BACKGROUND Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration (PCD) is a rare condition that can present as an acute or subacute cerebellar syndrome. PCD is most commonly associated with gynecological and breast cancer, small-cell lung cancer, and classical Hodgkin's lymphoma. The symptoms of PCD can arise several months before tumor diagnosis. Read More

J Med Case Rep 2020 Jun 12;14(1):67. Epub 2020 Jun 12.

Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, U.O. of General Surgery, University of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. However, in the management of breast cancer, paraneoplastic neurological syndromes represent a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. The diagnosis of paraneoplastic neurological syndromes is difficult due to the heterogeneity of symptoms, the timing of presentation, and the absence of antibodies, and it generally occurs before the diagnosis of breast cancer in 80% of patients who develop paraneoplastic neurological syndromes. Read More

Cerebellum 2020 Jun 10. Epub 2020 Jun 10.

IICD insigneo, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.

Immune-mediated ataxias account for a substantial number of sporadic otherwise idiopathic ataxias. Despite some well-characterised entities such as paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration where diagnostic markers exist, the majority of immune ataxias remained undiagnosed and untreated. We present here our experience in the treatment of suspected primary autoimmune cerebellar ataxia (PACA) using mycophenolate. Read More

BMC Neurol 2020 May 25;20(1):208. Epub 2020 May 25.

Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Gießen and Marburg, Marburg, Germany.

Background: Cerebellar degeneration as a consequence of a malignancy is a rare condition most commonly related to the presence of anti-Yo, anti-Hu, and anti-Tr/DNER antibodies. In recent years, several reports have indicated Zinc-finger protein 4 (Zic4) antibodies being associated with paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration (PCD) in patients with small cell lung carcinoma. However, the prevalence and the significance of Zic4-antibodies may be underestimated due to their co-occurrence with more frequent antibodies such as anti-Hu. Read More

Ann Neurol 2020 May 22. Epub 2020 May 22.

Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.

Ann Neurol 2020 May 22. Epub 2020 May 22.

Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Salt Lake Health Care System, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.

Radiol Case Rep 2020 Jul 4;15(7):904-907. Epub 2020 May 4.

Renown Regional Medical Center, Department of Neurology, Reno, NV 89502.

Previous reports of paraneoplastic encephalitis occurring in primary fallopian tube carcinoma have been exclusively classified as paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration, with MR imaging either unremarkable or demonstrating cerebellar atrophy. We report a case of paraneoplastic encephalitis in a 64-year-old female with primary fallopian tube carcinoma, reminiscent of -methyl d-aspartate receptor encephalitis, with MR imaging demonstrating bilateral subcortical and deep white matter T2-FLAIR hyperintensities sparing cerebellar and brainstem structures. To our knowledge, this represents the first reported case of noncerebellar paraneoplastic encephalitis related to primary fallopian tube carcinoma. Read More

Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2020 Jul 18;194:105849. Epub 2020 Apr 18.

Neurology Department, Gent University Hospital, Gent, Belgium; Neurology Department, St Lucas General Hospital Gent, Belgium.

Objectives: Anti-Hu antibodies (Hu-Abs) are the most frequent onconeural antibodies associated with paraneoplastic neurologic syndromes (PNS). PNS include a variety of neurological syndromes, affecting less than 1/10,000 patients with cancer. In the majority of cases, PNS will manifest before the malignancy is diagnosed. Read More

J Neuroimmunol 2020 Jul 14;344:577242. Epub 2020 Apr 14.

3rd Department of Neurology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, G. Papanikolaou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.

Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration is a neurological syndrome resulting from immune-mediated dysfunction of Purkinje cells and commonly is associated with a tumor. In most cases, well-characterized onconeural antibodies are detected, such as anti-Yo and anti-Ri antibodies. Carbonic anhydrase-related protein VIII (CARP VIII) antibodies associated with paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration have been previously described in only two cases. Read More

F1000Res 2020 6;9. Epub 2020 Mar 6.

Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, USA.

Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes are nonmetastatic complications of malignancy secondary to immune-mediated neuronal dysfunction or death. Pathogenesis may occur from cell surface binding of antineuronal antibodies leading to dysfunction of the target protein, or from antibodies binding against intracellular antigens which ultimately leads to cell death. There are several classical neurological paraneoplastic phenotypes including subacute cerebellar degeneration, limbic encephalitis, encephalomyelitis, and dorsal sensory neuropathy. Read More

Chin Med J (Engl) 2020 Apr;133(8):1005-1007

Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.

Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 2020 Feb 3;164. Epub 2020 Feb 3.

Zaans Medisch Centrum, afd. Interne Geneeskunde, Zaandam.

Background: Vertigo is a common complaint and may rarely be the presenting symptom of a paraneoplastic neurological syndrome (PNS).

Case Description: A 76-year-old woman presented at the ER with subacute cerebellar syndrome and severe vertigo. Laboratory testing revealed mild anaemia. Read More

Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk 2020 Jun 19;20(6):e336-e340. Epub 2020 Feb 19.

Department of Hematology and Oncology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Care Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL.

Lakartidningen 2020 Mar 9;117. Epub 2020 Mar 9.

Karolinska Hospital - Tema Neuro och Neurofysiologi Stockholm, Sweden Karolinska Hospital - Tema Neuro och Neurofysiologi Stockholm, Sweden.

Ataxias constitute a group of heterogeneous diseases with overlapping symptoms. The clinical investigation should primarily seek for treatable conditions such as neurometabolic disorders and autoimmune diseases. Rapid progression is often characteristic for paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration, autoimmune diseases or multiple system atrophy (MSA). Read More

Open Vet J 2019 10 29;9(3):246-252. Epub 2019 Aug 29.

Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile.

Background: Cerebellar cortical degeneration (CCD) is the premature death of cerebellar neurons of heterogeneous etiology that is uncommonly observed as a neurological complication of certain neoplasia.

Case Description: Here, we report an 8-month-old male domestic cat with altered consciousness, symmetric ataxia, hypermetric gait, vertical positional nystagmus, mydriasis, strabismus, intention tremor of the head, and increased patellar reflexes. Neuroanatomical diagnosis suggested a multifocal brain dysfunction (cerebellar and cerebral). Read More

Case Rep Oncol Med 2020 8;2020:9021843. Epub 2020 Jan 8.

Department of Hematology and Oncology, Kaiser Permanente Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration (PCD) is an uncommon autoimmune disorder targeting antigens within the nervous system and is usually associated with an underlying malignancy. Neurologic symptoms frequently precede the cancer diagnosis, which is most often seen in women with breast or gynecologic tumors. Anti-Yo-related PCD is the most common PCD syndrome, and one of the best understood. Read More

Nervenarzt 2020 Feb;91(2):156-160

Johanniter-Krankenhaus Bonn, Johanniterstr. 3-5, 53113, Bonn, Deutschland.

Neurological disorders can occur before the diagnosis of a malignoma is set. These disorders are induced by a misguided immune response with antibodies against intracellular or cell surface antigens. One of the most common paraneoplastic diseases is the subacute degeneration of the cerebellum. Read More

Neurol Sci 2020 May 18;41(5):1277-1279. Epub 2019 Nov 18.

Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.

Pan Afr Med J 2019 2;33:281. Epub 2019 Aug 2.

Service d'Oncologie Médicale, CHU Hassan II, Route de Sidi Harazem, Fès, Morocco.

Paraneoplastic neurologic degeneration (PND) is characterized by acute and subacute onset neurological syndrome associated with active or with subclinical cancer. It is rare but early diagnosis can improve the neurological and carcinological prognosis. Among the PNDs it is possible to distinguish subacute cerebellar degeneration often associated with gynecological or breast cancer. Read More

J Neurol 2020 Jan 24;267(1):26-35. Epub 2019 Sep 24.

Clinical Neurology Unit, Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital, Piazzale Santa Maria della Misericordia, 15, 33010, Udine, Italy.

Background: The epidemiology of paraneoplastic neurological syndromes (PNS) remains to be defined. We present here the first population-based incidence study and report the clinical spectrum and antibody profile of PNS in a large area in Northeastern Italy.

Methods: We performed a 9-year (2009-2017) population-based epidemiological study of PNS in the provinces of Udine, Pordenone and Gorizia, in the Friuli-Venezia Giulia region (983,190 people as of January 1, 2017). Read More

J Int Med Res 2019 Sep 10:300060519871744. Epub 2019 Sep 10.

The First Affiliated Hospital (School of Clinical Medicine) of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.

Paroxysmal vertigo as the presenting symptom of a fallopian tube tumor is rare among patients. We present a patient who was finally diagnosed with fallopian tube serous adenocarcinoma with subacute cerebellar degeneration. We analyzed the patients' clinical, pathological, and imaging data. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2019 Aug 28;12(8). Epub 2019 Aug 28.

Department of Gynaecology, Division of Gynaecological Oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK.

This case describes a 69-year-old woman, who presented with rapidly progressive cerebellar symptoms and unintentional weight loss. Full neurological assessment excluded space-occupying lesions, vascular accidents and infection. Surprisingly, a chest, abdomen and pelvis CT showed a left hemipelvis mass, which was subsequently biopsied. Read More

Cerebellum 2019 Oct;18(5):976-982

Clinical Neurology Unit, Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital, Piazzale Santa Maria della Misericordia, 15, 33010, Udine, Italy.

Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration (PCD) is usually thought to have a subacute progression over several weeks. We report herein incidence and clinical features of hyperacute onset PCD, a vertebrobasilar stroke mimic. We performed a retrospective analysis of all suspected PCD cases referred to the Udine University Hospital between 2009 and 2017. Read More

Neurol India 2019 May-Jun;67(3):892-894

Department of Imageology, Regional Cancer Center, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.

Cerebellum Ataxias 2019 10;6. Epub 2019 Jul 10.

Neurology Service, Pedro Ernesto University Hospital, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Blv 28 de setembro, 77 - Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro, 20551-030 Brazil.

Background: Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration is usually associated with gynecological and breast cancer, lung cancer, and Hodgkin's lymphoma. Renal cell carcinoma has rarely been described as an underlying malignancy in these cases.

Case Presentation: We report the case of a 75 year-old woman who develop cerebellar ataxia following a respiratory viral infection. Read More

Neurohospitalist 2019 Jul 24;9(3):165-168. Epub 2018 Sep 24.

Neurology Department, Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Anti-SOX1 antibodies are associated with diverse neurological syndromes, targeting both the central (paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration) and peripheral nervous systems (Lambert Eaton myasthenic syndrome, paraneoplastic neuropathy). Although the pathogenic role of these antibodies remains unclear, their strong association with underlying neoplastic disease (mainly small-cell lung cancer) has designated them as onconeural antibodies. Here, we present a case of cerebellar ataxia with marked photophobia, with severe atrophy of the cerebellum and brain stem, associated with anti-SOX1 antibodies without evidence of an underlying malignancy. Read More

Gynecol Obstet Fertil Senol 2019 Jul - Aug;47(7-8):610-612. Epub 2019 Jun 11.

Service de médecine interne, centre hospitalier Agen-Nérac, route de Villeneuve, 47923 Agen cedex 9, France.

Brain 2019 08;142(8):2253-2264

Department of Neurology and Clinical Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan.

Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) is an autoimmune disease of the neuromuscular junction caused by autoantibodies binding to P/Q-type voltage-gated calcium channels. Breakdown of the blood-brain barrier and diffusion of cerebellar granule/Purkinje cell-reactive autoantibodies into the CNS are critical for the pathogenesis of paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration (PCD) with Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome. We recently found evidence that glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) autoantibodies in the plasma of patients with neuromyelitis optica promote the CNS access of AQP4 autoantibodies. Read More

Clin Nucl Med 2019 Oct;44(10):812-814

From the Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Hospital.

A 70-year-old man with cerebellar syndromes was clinically diagnosed as paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration and underwent whole-body F-FDG PET/CT imaging for screening primary tumor. Intensely elevated tracer uptake in both cerebellar hemispheres was revealed, whereas no abnormality was found in MRI. Increased tracer uptake and swelling of the left tonsil and a cervical lymph node were found at the same time, suggesting neoplasm in tonsil with lymph node metastasis. Read More

Cerebellum 2019 Dec;18(6):1126-1129

Department of Hematology and Oncology, Maimonides Medical Center, 4810 10th Avenue, Brooklyn, NY, 11219, USA.

Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration (PCD) is a rare disorder that is associated with lung or gynecological malignancies and Hodgkin lymphoma. Neurologic symptoms are commonly the initial presenting sign leading to the diagnosis of an underlying malignancy. We are presenting an Asian male with progressive lower extremity weakness with EBV-positive nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and anti-Yo antibodies. Read More

Ann Neurol 2019 08 13;86(2):316-321. Epub 2019 Jun 13.

Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.

The pathogenesis of Yo-mediated paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration (PCD) is unclear. We applied cerebrospinal fluid and serum from PCD patients as well as CDR2 and CDR2L antibodies to neuronal tissue, cancer cell lines, and cells transfected with recombinant CDR2 and CDR2L to elucidate which is the major antigen of Yo antibodies. We found that Yo antibodies bound endogenous CDR2L, but not endogenous CDR2. Read More

Rinsho Shinkeigaku 2019 Jun 29;59(6):339-344. Epub 2019 May 29.

Division of Neurology and Clinical Neuroscience, Department of Internal Medicine III, Yamagata University School of Medicine.

An 80-year-old male with prostatic adenocarcinoma who was treated with orchiectomy presented dysarthria and difficulty in walking. His symptoms subacutely progressed. Seven days later, he was non-ambulatory and was admitted to our hospital. Read More

J Community Hosp Intern Med Perspect 2019 Apr 12;9(2):162-164. Epub 2019 Apr 12.

Internal Medicine, Greater Baltimore Medical Center, Towson, MD, USA.

JCI Insight 2019 04 4;4(7). Epub 2019 Apr 4.

Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse-Purpan (CPTP), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France.

Paraneoplastic neurological disorders result from an autoimmune response against neural self-antigens that are ectopically expressed in neoplastic cells. In paraneoplastic disorders associated to autoantibodies against intracellular proteins, such as paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration (PCD), current data point to a major role of cell-mediated immunity. In an animal model, in which a neo-self-antigen was expressed in both Purkinje neurons and implanted breast tumor cells, immune checkpoint blockade led to complete tumor control at the expense of cerebellum infiltration by T cells and Purkinje neuron loss, thereby mimicking PCD. Read More

Neurol Sci 2019 Jul 29;40(7):1335-1342. Epub 2019 Mar 29.

Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.

The diagnosis of sporadic adult onset ataxia is a challenging task since a large collection of hereditary and non-hereditary disorders should be taken into consideration. Sporadic adult onset ataxias include degenerative non-hereditary, hereditary, and acquired ataxias. Multiple system atrophy and idiopathic late cerebellar ataxia are degenerative non-hereditary ataxias. Read More

Turk Pediatri Ars 2018 Dec 1;53(4):263-266. Epub 2018 Dec 1.

Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Clinic, Kanuni Sultan Süleyman Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey.

Lymphomas are solid tumors characterized by the malignant proliferation of lymphoid cells. Neurologic signs encountered in patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma can be due to the direct spread of tumor to the nervous system, secondary to chemotherapy or radiation, secondary to tumor mass compression, infectious causes and paraneoplastic syndromes. Paraneoplastic neurologic syndromes are rarely encountered in patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Read More

Eur J Case Rep Intern Med 2018 21;5(3):000780. Epub 2018 Mar 21.

Department of Internal Medicine, Villarrobledo General Hospital, Villarrobledo, Albacete, Spain.

We present the case of a 57-year-old man with ataxia and clinical and radiological features of cerebellar degeneration. Computed tomography showed a mediastinal mass and the patient was diagnosed with thymic carcinoma. Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration is aninfrequent disorder and its association with thymic carcinoma very rare. Read More

Brain Nerve 2019 Feb;71(2):167-174

Department of Neurology and Strokology, Nagasaki University Hospital.

A 63-year-old female who developed dizziness, diplopia and subsequent gait disturbance from September X-1 year was analyzed. The first neurological findings in May X year revealed cerebellar ataxia, weakness in the proximal limbs, decreased tendon reflexes, and autonomic symptoms (ADL:mRS 3). Furthermore, an incremental phenomenon was observed in the repetitive nerve stimulation test, and she was diagnosed with Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) based on the serum P/Q-type calcium channel (VGCC) antibody positivity. Read More

Methods Mol Biol 2019 ;1941:225-255

Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.

Immune-mediated inflammation of the brain has been recognized for more than 50 years, although the initial descriptions were mainly thought to be secondary to an underlying neoplasm. Some of these paraneoplastic encephalitides express serum antibodies, but these were not thought to be pathogenic but instead have a T-cell-mediated pathophysiology. Over the last two decades, several pathogenic antibodies against neuronal surface antigens have been described in autoimmune encephalitis, which are amenable to immunotherapy. Read More

Curr Oncol 2018 12 1;25(6):e585-e591. Epub 2018 Dec 1.

Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON.

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women, with 15%-25% of those tumours overexpressing the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (her2), which is associated with more aggressive disease. On rare occasions, patients present with a paraneoplastic syndrome months to years before their cancer diagnosis. Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration (pcd) is associated with fewer than 1% of cancers and is strongly associated with breast and gynecologic malignancies. Read More

Cerebellum 2019 Jun;18(3):565-574

Division of Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.

Tremor is an involuntary, rhythmic, oscillatory movement of a body part. It is a central feature of a range of diseases resulting from pathological changes in the cerebellum. Interestingly, in modern times, the terms "cerebellar tremor" and "intention tremor" are often used synonymously and interchangeably. Read More

Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2018 Oct-Dec;21(4):311-314

Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Neurosciences/Internal Medicine, Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals, New Delhi, India.

Paraneoplastic syndromes are a rare heterogeneous group of disorders that are indicators of the underlying occult malignancy. Subacute cerebellar ataxia in a patient with a known cancer is often due to metastatic invasion or other complications of the cancer, such as infection, coagulopathy, metabolic and nutritional deficits, or side effects of treatment. When tumor- and treatment-related causes have been excluded, the patient is considered to suffer from paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration (PCD). Read More

J Neurol Sci 2019 01 8;396:184-186. Epub 2018 Nov 8.

Institute of General Pathology, University Hospitals of Modena, Italy.

J Neuroimmunol 2019 01 8;326:14-18. Epub 2018 Nov 8.

Department of Pathology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.

Antibodies to SOXB1 proteins in patients with paraneoplastic disorders are associated with small-cell lung cancer (SCLC), particularly in Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS). We aimed to establish if SOX2 antibodies could be used to identify SCLC and other tumours found in a range of paraneoplastic disorders and controls. SOX2 antibodies were detectable in 61% of patients with LEMS-SCLC, and in other paraneoplastic disorders, such as opsoclonus-myoclonus and paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration, only when there was an underlying SCLC. Read More

Curr Oncol Rep 2018 11 10;20(11):92. Epub 2018 Nov 10.

Neurology Division, Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil.

The disorders of the central nervous system associated with cancer by remote immune-mediated mechanisms are a heterogeneous group. These disorders encompass the classic paraneoplastic disorders and the recently recognized autoimmune encephalitis associated with antibodies against neuronal cell surface or synaptic proteins that occur with or without cancer association. In the last decade, the new surge of interest in neuronal diseases associated with anti-neuronal antibodies led to the rapid discovery of new forms of disease that have different manifestations and were not previously suspected to be immune mediated. Read More

Neurology 2018 11;91(19):e1831-e1833

From the Departments of Neurology (S.-U.L., J.-Y.C., J.-S.K.) and Laboratory Medicine (E.Y.S.), Seoul National University College of Medicine; Dizziness Center, Clinical Neuroscience Center, and Department of Neurology (S.-U.L., H.-J.K., S.-W.O., J.-Y.C., J.-S.K.), and Research Administration Team (H.-J.K.), Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam; and Department of Laboratory Medicine (E.Y.S.), Seoul National University Hospital, South Korea.

Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 2018 Oct;45(10):1510-1512

Dept. of Gastrointestinal Tract Surgery, Fukushima Medical University.

A case complicated with colorectal and prostate cancers in paraneoplastic(subacute)cerebellar degeneration(PCD)is extremely rare. We report a retrospective case of rectal carcinoma with paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration. A 79-year-old man with Parkinson's disease was unable to walk because of paralysis. Read More

Cerebellum 2019 Apr;18(2):245-254

French Reference Center for Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndrome, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Neurologique, F-69677, Bron, France.

To describe autoantibodies (Abs) against tripartite motif-containing (TRIM) protein 9 and 67 in two patients with paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration (PCD) associated with lung adenocarcinoma. Abs were characterized using immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, cultures of murine cortical, and hippocampal neurons, immunoprecipitation, mass spectrometry, knockout mice for Trim9 and 67, and cell-based assay. Control samples included sera from 63 patients with small cell lung cancer without any paraneoplastic neurological syndrome, 36 patients with lung adenocarcinoma and PNS, CSF from 100 patients with autoimmune encephalitis, and CSF from 165 patients with neurodegenerative diseases. Read More

Child Neurol Open 2018 1;5:2329048X18795546. Epub 2018 Oct 1.

National Pediatric Myoclonus Center and National Pediatric Neuroinflammation Organization, Inc., Orlando, FL, USA.

Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration is rare and noteworthy in children. In this 7-year-old, it was documented to have occurred within a year of ataxia presentation. The instigating cancer was stage III adrenal adenocarcinoma, remitted after surgical resection at age 2. Read More