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Transbound Emerg Dis 2019 Feb 16. Epub 2019 Feb 16.

State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, China, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China.

Caprine parainfluenza virus type 3 (CPIV3) is a new member of the Respirovirus genus in the Paramyxivirudae family, mainly causing respiratory disease. Up to now, accumulating evidence has focused on CPIV3 infection in goats, with little understood about its epidemiology in sheep. To that end, we collected 1163 sheep sera samples from 9 provinces/autonomous regions in 2012 and 1863 samples from 6 provinces/autonomous regions during 2016-2017, with serological prevalence of 50. Read More

J Med Virol 2019 Feb 14. Epub 2019 Feb 14.

Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology.

Background: Pediatric cancer patients have a higher risk of morbidity and mortality due to respiratory viral infections than do other patient populations.

Objectives: To investigate the causative viruses of respiratory infections and their burden among pediatric cancer patients in Lebanon.

Study Design: Nasopharyngeal swabs along with clinical and demographic data were collected from pediatric cancer patients presenting febrile episodes with upper respiratory tract symptoms. Read More

PLoS Pathog 2019 Feb 11;15(2):e1007561. Epub 2019 Feb 11.

School of Biology, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, BMS Building, North Haugh, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife, United Kingdom.

Paramyxoviruses can establish persistent infections both in vitro and in vivo, some of which lead to chronic disease. However, little is known about the molecular events that contribute to the establishment of persistent infections by RNA viruses. Using parainfluenza virus type 5 (PIV5) as a model we show that phosphorylation of the P protein, which is a key component of the viral RNA polymerase complex, determines whether or not viral transcription and replication becomes repressed at late times after infection. Read More

Front Immunol 2019 24;10:22. Epub 2019 Jan 24.

Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.

The respiratory mucosa is the primary portal of entry for numerous viruses such as the respiratory syncytial virus, the influenza virus and the parainfluenza virus. These pathogens initially infect the upper respiratory tract and then reach the lower respiratory tract, leading to diseases. Vaccination is an affordable way to control the pathogenicity of viruses and constitutes the strategy of choice to fight against infections, including those leading to pulmonary diseases. Read More

J Med Virol 2019 Feb 4. Epub 2019 Feb 4.

4th Department of Internal Medicine, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece.

Background: Th17 cytokines are associated with modulation of inflammation and may be beneficial in clearing influenza infection in experimental models. The Th17 cytokine profile was evaluated in a pilot study of respiratory virus infections.

Methods: Consecutive patients with symptoms of respiratory tract infection visiting the emergency department of a tertiary care hospital during the winter influenza season of 2014 to 2015 were evaluated. Read More

Viruses 2019 Jan 31;11(2). Epub 2019 Jan 31.

Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.

To define the links between paramyxovirus budding and cellular ESCRT machinery, we previously identified angiomotin-like 1 (AMOTL1) in a screen for host factors that bind to the matrix (M) protein of parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5). This protein harbors three L/PPXY sequences, allowing it to interact with WW domain containing proteins including NEDD4 family members. We hypothesize that paramyxoviruses use AMOTL1 as a linker to indirectly recruit the same NEDD4 ubiquitin ligases for budding that other enveloped viruses recruit directly through their PPXY late domains. Read More

Sci Rep 2019 Jan 30;9(1):929. Epub 2019 Jan 30.

Department of Laboratory Medicine, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.

Numerous viruses can cause upper respiratory tract infections. They often precede serious lower respiratory tract infections. Each virus has a seasonal pattern, with peaks in activity in different seasons. Read More

J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2019 Jan 25. Epub 2019 Jan 25.

Pediatric Infection.

Background: Acute viral respiratory infections are common causes of febrile episodes in children. There are still limited data about distribution of acute viral respiratory infections in children with cancer.

Objective: The first aim of this study was to evaluate the viral etiology and seasonality of acute viral respiratory infection in pediatric patients with cancer in a 3-year study. Read More

Pediatr Transplant 2019 Jan 27:e13358. Epub 2019 Jan 27.

Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

Aerosolized ribavirin has been used in pediatric immunocompromised patients to treat acute respiratory viral infections, but oral ribavirin may be a less expensive alternative that allows for outpatient therapy. Oral ribavirin has compared favorably to aerosolized ribavirin in adult studies, but data on safety are lacking in pediatric populations. Four cases are described in which oral ribavirin was used to treat viral respiratory infections in recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplants at a Children's Hospital, demonstrating safety and feasibility. Read More

Wellcome Open Res 2018 19;3:119. Epub 2018 Sep 19.

Public Health Laboratory, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Public Health England, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, CB2 0QQ, UK.

Human parainfluenza viruses (HPIVs) are significant causes of both upper and lower respiratory tract infections with type 3 (HPIV3) causing the most severe disease in the immunocompromised cohorts.  The objective of this study was to analyse the epidemiological nature of a cluster of cases of HPIV3 in a pediatric oncology unit of a major teaching hospital. In order to determine whether the activity observed represented a deviation from the norm, seasonal trends of HPIV3 in the surrounding geographical area as well as on the ward in question were analysed. Read More

Front Microbiol 2018 9;9:3294. Epub 2019 Jan 9.

Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology/Stem Cell Transplantation, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.

Highly immunocompromised pediatric and adult hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) recipients frequently experience respiratory infections caused by viruses that are less virulent in immunocompetent individuals. Most of these infections, with the exception of rhinovirus as well as adenovirus and parainfluenza virus in tropical areas, are seasonal variable and occur before and after HCT. Infectious disease management includes sampling of respiratory specimens from nasopharyngeal washes or swabs as well as sputum and tracheal or tracheobronchial lavages. Read More

Vet Q 2018 Dec;38(1):112-117

a GD Animal Health , Deventer , The Netherlands.

Background: Vaccination of farmed minks against canine distemper virus (CDV) has proved to be very effective. In the Netherlands, vaccination of farmed minks against CDV was mandatory until the closure of the local agricultural product boards at the end of 2014.

Objectives: To describe the first documented outbreaks of CD in Dutch mink farms since the closure of the agricultural product boards, as well as an outbreak in Belgium, with special attention to genotyping of the isolates. Read More

BMC Bioinformatics 2019 Jan 23;20(1):48. Epub 2019 Jan 23.

Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.

Background: With sequencing technologies becoming cheaper and easier to use, more groups are able to obtain whole genome sequences of viruses of public health and scientific importance. Submission of genomic data to NCBI GenBank is a requirement prior to publication and plays a critical role in making scientific data publicly available. GenBank currently has automatic prokaryotic and eukaryotic genome annotation pipelines but has no viral annotation pipeline beyond influenza virus. Read More

Pediatr Infect Dis J 2019 Jan 10. Epub 2019 Jan 10.

Virology, Ricardo Gutiérrez Children's Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Background: Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is the leading cause of acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) in children. We aimed to describe the clinical-epidemiological pattern and risk factors for mortality associated with RSV infection.

Methods: A prospective, cross-sectional study of ALRI in children admitted to the Children's Hospital among 2000-2017. Read More

Yonsei Med J 2019 Feb;60(2):216-222

Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Purpose: The most common cause of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) is respiratory infection. Most studies of bacterial or viral cause in AECOPD have been conducted in Western countries. We investigated bacterial and viral identification rates in AECOPD in Korea. Read More

BMC Infect Dis 2019 Jan 21;19(1):75. Epub 2019 Jan 21.

School of Medicine. Research and Innovation Centre of the Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Peru.

Background: Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) represent an important cause of morbidity and mortality in children, remaining a major public health concern, especially affecting children under 5 years old from low-income countries. Unfortunately, information regarding their epidemiology is still limited in Peru.

Methods: A secondary data analysis was performed from a previous cross-sectional study conducted in children with a probable diagnosis of Pertussis from January 2010 to July 2012. Read More

J Virol 2019 Jan 16. Epub 2019 Jan 16.

RNA Viruses Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major pediatric respiratory pathogen. The attachment (G) and fusion (F) glycoproteins are major neutralization and protective antigens. RSV G is expressed as membrane-anchored (mG) and secreted (sG) forms, both containing a central fractalkine-like CX3C motif. Read More

Braz J Microbiol 2019 Jan 5;50(1):117-125. Epub 2018 Dec 5.

Medical University, University Hospital Alexandrovska, Pediatric Clinic, 1 St. Georgi Sofiiski, 1431, Sofia, Bulgaria.

Acute lower respiratory infections (ALRIs) are a leading cause of morbidity and hospital admissions in children. This study aimed to determine the viral etiology of these infections in children aged < 5 years during three successive epidemic seasons in Bulgaria. Nasopharyngeal and throat specimens were collected from children with bronchiolitis and pneumonia during the 2015/2016, 2016/2017, and 2017/2018 seasons. Read More

Braz J Microbiol 2019 Jan 30;50(1):133-137. Epub 2018 Nov 30.

Medicine Department, Clinical Virology Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Unit, Sao Paulo Federal University, Rua Pedro de Toledo, 781, 15 andar, Sao Paulo, Brazil.

In 2007, the new polyomaviruses WUPyV and KIPyV were identified in patients with acute respiratory infections. The aim of this study was to investigate these viruses in hospitalized patients with severe acute respiratory infection (SARI). A retrospective study was conducted with 251 patients, from April 2009 to November 2010, using nasopharyngeal aspirates, naso- and oropharyngeal swab samples from hospitalized patients (children < 12 years and adults) who had SARI within 7 days of the onset of symptoms, including fever (> 38. Read More

Indian J Pediatr 2019 Jan 14. Epub 2019 Jan 14.

Department of Pediatrics, T.N. Medical College & B.Y.L. Nair Hospital, Mumbai, India.

Objective: To determine the frequency of respiratory pathogens in infants diagnosed with acute lower respiratory tract infections.

Methods: A prospective cross-sectional observational study was conducted in infants hospitalized with a diagnosis of acute lower respiratory tract infection (ALRTI), in a tertiary care hospital in a metropolitan city of Western India. Nasopharyngeal swabs were analyzed by multiplex real time polymerase chain reaction, for 18 viruses and 3 bacteria (H. Read More

Int Rev Cell Mol Biol 2019 24;342:175-263. Epub 2018 Oct 24.

Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada; Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC, Canada.

Continuous epidemiological surveillance of existing and emerging viruses and their associated disorders is gaining importance in light of their abilities to cause unpredictable outbreaks as a result of increased travel and vaccination choices by steadily growing and aging populations. Close surveillance of outbreaks and herd immunity are also at the forefront, even in industrialized countries, where previously eradicated viruses are now at risk of re-emergence due to instances of strain recombination, contractions in viral vector geographies, and from their potential use as agents of bioterrorism. There is a great need for the rational design of current and future vaccines targeting viruses, with a strong focus on vaccine targeting of adaptive immune effector memory T cells as the gold standard of immunity conferring long-lived protection against a wide variety of pathogens and malignancies. Read More

Virus Genes 2019 Jan 10. Epub 2019 Jan 10.

Vitalant Research Institute, 270 Masonic Ave, San Francisco, CA, USA.

Using viral metagenomics, we characterized the mammalian virome of nasal swabs from 57 dogs with unexplained signs of respiratory infection showing mostly negative results using the IDEXX Canine Respiratory Disease RealPCR™ Panel. We identified canine parainfluenza virus 5, canine respiratory coronavirus, carnivore bocaparvovirus 3, canine circovirus and canine papillomavirus 9. Novel canine taupapillomaviruses (CPV21-23) were also identified in 3 dogs and their complete genome sequenced showing L1 nucleotide identity ranging from 68. Read More

MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2019 01 11;68(1):20-21. Epub 2019 Jan 11.

Viruses 2019 Jan 8;11(1). Epub 2019 Jan 8.

Centre for Viral Zoonoses, Department of Medical Virology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa.

The Egyptian rousette bat () has previously been implicated as the natural host of a zoonotic rubulavirus; however, its association with rubulaviruses has been studied to a limited extent. Urine, spleen, and other organs collected from the population within South Africa were tested with a hemi-nested RT-PCR assay targeting a partial polymerase gene region of viruses from the - and genera. Urine was collected over a 14-month period to study the temporal dynamics of viral excretion. Read More

Health Sci Rep 2018 Aug 18;1(8):e59. Epub 2018 Jul 18.

National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis Johannesburg South Africa.

Aim: To investigate the prevalence of human bocavirus (hBoV), human coronaviruses (hCoV), and human polyomaviruses (hPyV) among patients with severe acute respiratory illness (SARI), in South Africa.

Methods: The study included 680 South African patients randomly selected in age-defined categories from hospitalised patients enrolled through SARI surveillance during 2012 to 2013. A multiplex reverse transcription real-time polymerase chain reaction assay was used to detect hBoV; hCoV-OC43, hCoV-229E, hCoV-NL63, and hCoV-HKU1; and Washington University hPyV (hPyV-WU) and Karolinska Insitute hPyV (hPyV-KI), in respiratory tract specimens collected from patients with SARI. Read More

J Thorac Dis 2018 Nov;10(11):5991-6001

Institute for Immunization and Prevention, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing 100013, China.

Background: To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of 11 atypical pathogens of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) among Chinese, and to determine whether or not there is an association between these pathogens and the severity of illness.

Methods: We conducted a surveillance study for CAP in 30 hospitals of Beijing. Epidemiological data and clinical specimens were systematically collected from enrolled CAP patients. Read More

Front Immunol 2018 20;9:3067. Epub 2018 Dec 20.

Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.

A majority of the morbidity and mortality associated with the genetic disease Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is due to lung disease resulting from chronic respiratory infections. The CF airways become chronically colonized with bacteria in childhood, and over time commensal lung microbes are displaced by bacterial pathogens, leading to a decrease in microbial diversity that correlates with declining patient health. Infection with the pathogen is a major predictor of morbidity and mortality in CF, with CF individuals often becoming chronically colonized with in early adulthood and thereafter having an increased risk of hospitalization. Read More

Front Microbiol 2018 12;9:3097. Epub 2018 Dec 12.

Department of Pathology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States.

Survival rates for pediatric cancer have steadily improved over time but it remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality among children. Infections are a major complication of cancer and its treatment. Community acquired respiratory viral infections (CRV) in these patients increase morbidity, mortality and can lead to delay in chemotherapy. Read More

Eur J Pediatr 2019 Feb 4;178(2):131-138. Epub 2019 Jan 4.

Department of Paediatric Pulmonology, University Hospital Leuven, University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is one of the main causes of infant hospitalization and mortality. The single-stranded RNA virus codes for 11 proteins of which the F protein, a surface epitope responsible for RSV fusion, is the most targeted for developing antiviral medicines and vaccines. The peak of symptoms occurs around day 4 to 6 of illness and the airway obstruction is merely caused by the host immune inflammatory response. Read More

Am J Trop Med Hyg 2018 Dec 26. Epub 2018 Dec 26.

Duke-Ruhuna Collaborative Research Centre, Galle, Sri Lanka.

The contribution of respiratory viruses to acute febrile illness (AFI) burden is poorly characterized. We describe the prevalence, seasonality, and clinical features of respiratory viral infection among AFI admissions in Sri Lanka. We enrolled AFI patients ≥ 1 year of age admitted to a tertiary care hospital in southern Sri Lanka, June 2012-October 2014. Read More

Vet Microbiol 2019 Jan 19;228:53-60. Epub 2018 Nov 19.

Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China. Electronic address:

Newcastle disease (ND) caused by infections with virulent strains of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) continues to be a threat for poultry industry worldwide. The prospect of developing a thermostable and effective NDV vaccine is still highly desirable. To investigate the determinants of thermostability in NDV, we generated recombinant NDV strains by exchanging viral hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) gene or by mutating the fusion (F) gene. Read More

Vet Microbiol 2019 Jan 16;228:32-38. Epub 2018 Nov 16.

Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China. Electronic address:

Avian metapneumovirus (aMPV), which has been reported in many countries, causes an acute upper respiratory tract disease in chickens and turkeys. Although aMPV was first detected in China in 1999, there has been no further effort to isolate and characterize the aMPV subtype B (aMPV/B) from field outbreaks. In the present study, we used Vero cells to culture a viral strain, LN16, isolated from chickens with swollen head syndrome. Read More

Vet Microbiol 2019 Jan 5;228:219-225. Epub 2018 Dec 5.

Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, 1850 Christensen Drive, Ames, IA 50011, USA. Electronic address:

Porcine parainfluenza virus type 1 (PPIV-1) is a member of the genus Respirovirus in the family Paramyxoviridae. The PPIV-1 was initially detected in 2013 from slaughter pigs in Hong Kong, China although its role in respiratory disease has remained unknown without virus isolates for experimental inoculation in swine. The objective of this study was to determine the relative frequency of PPIV-1 detection in diagnostic samples collected from swine in the United States, describe the cell culture isolation of PPIV-1, and characterize PPIV-1 cell culture isolates in vitro. Read More

Vet Microbiol 2019 Jan 16;228:173-180. Epub 2018 Nov 16.

Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Xi'an Road 5333, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China. Electronic address:

Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and H9 subtype avian influenza virus (AIV) are two avian pathogens across the globe. Inasmuch as most poultry flocks worldwide are vaccinated with a live low-virulence or attenuated NDV vaccine, we embarked on the development of vaccine prototypes that would have dual specificities and would allow a single immunization against both avian influenza (AI) and Newcastle disease (ND). Therefore, in the present work, a cloned full-length copy of the genome of the lentogenic NDV strain rmNA-1 was selected as a backbone vector to construct three chimeric NDVs that expressed (i) the ORF encoding the HA, (ii) the ectodomain of HA fused with the transmembrane domain and cytoplasmic tail regions derived from the NDV F protein and (iii) the ectodomain of HA fused with a short GS linker and the GCN4 sequences, and designated as rmNA-H9, rmNA-H9F, and rmNA-H9 (ECTO), respectively. Read More

Vet Microbiol 2019 Jan 20;228:147-156. Epub 2018 Nov 20.

College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China. Electronic address:

Newcastle disease (ND), caused by virulent Newcastle disease virus (NDV), poses a considerable risk for the poultry industry. A comprehensive understanding of the interaction between NDV and its host is therefore critical for control of this disease. Previously, we found that chicken ISG12(1) was among the significantly upregulated interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) in embryos and the bursa of Fabricius of chickens infected by NDV, based on transcriptome sequencing. Read More

Vet Microbiol 2019 Jan 15;228:12-19. Epub 2018 Nov 15.

Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan. Electronic address:

Feline morbillivirus (FeMV) is an emerging member of morbillivirus discovered in 2012. Although association of FeMV infection with kidney diseases in cats has been suggested, the pathogenicity of the virus has not been clear to date. To study the association between FeMV infection and pathological changes in kidney tissues of infected cats, we performed immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescent assays to detect FeMV antigens and analyzed the effect of FeMV infection on the pathological changes in the kidney tissues. Read More

PLoS Pathog 2018 12 28;14(12):e1007493. Epub 2018 Dec 28.

Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.

Measles virus (MV) is a highly contagious member of the Morbillivirus genus that remains a major cause of childhood mortality worldwide. Although infection induces a strong MV-specific immune response that clears viral load and confers lifelong immunity, transient immunosuppression can also occur, leaving the host vulnerable to colonization from secondary pathogens. This apparent contradiction of viral clearance in the face of immunosuppression underlies what is often referred to as the 'measles paradox', and remains poorly understood. Read More

Wellcome Open Res 2018 26;3:118. Epub 2018 Nov 26.

Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Laboratory, Public Health England, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, CB20QQ, UK.

Human parainfluenza viruses type 3 (HPIV3) are a prominent cause of respiratory infection with a significant impact in both pediatric and transplant patient cohorts.  Currently there is a paucity of whole genome sequence data that would allow for detailed epidemiological and phylogenetic analysis of circulating strains in the UK. Although it is known that HPIV3 peaks annually in the UK, to date there are no whole genome sequences of HPIV3 UK strains available. Read More

Ann Acad Med Singapore 2018 Nov;47(11):445-450

Department of Infectious Diseases, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore.

Introduction: Respiratory virus (RV) infections have been implicated in acute exacerbation cardiopulmunary conditions. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of RV infections in patients admitted to the cardiology unit with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) in a tertiary hospitals in Singapore.

Materials And Methods: This was a single-centre, prospective observational study. Read More

Virology 2018 Dec 18;528:54-63. Epub 2018 Dec 18.

Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan. Electronic address:

Human parainfluenza virus type 2 phosphoprotein (P) is an essential component of viral polymerase. The P gene encodes both P and accessory V proteins by a specific gene editing mechanism. Therefore, the N-terminal 164 amino acids of P protein are common to V protein. Read More

J Infect Public Health 2018 Dec 17. Epub 2018 Dec 17.

National Institute of Public Health Research (INSPI), Guayaquil, Ecuador; Universidad Agraria del Ecuador, Guayaquil, Ecuador.

Background: Respiratory viral infections (RVI) are a leading cause of mortality worldwide. We compared the epidemiology and severity of RVI in Ecuador during 2009-2016.

Methods: Respiratory specimens collected within the national surveillance system were tested for influenza viruses, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), adenovirus, parainfluenza virus, and human metapneumovirus. Read More

Rev Chil Pediatr 2018 Aug;89(4):462-470

Hospital Clínico San Borja Arriarán, Santiago, Chile.

Introduction: Considering the high prevalence of respiratory infections in hospitalized infants with Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), the objective of this study is to determine the direct costs of this infection.

Patients And Method: Prospective longitudinal study in infants under one year of age hospitalized due to RSV during 2015. The patients were divided into 2 groups, Group 1 pa tients without risk factors and Group 2 patients with risk factors (prematurity, oxygen dependence, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, heart disease, immunocompromised patients), comparing each other variables such as nutritional status, gender, breastfeeding, discharge diagnosis, radiological diagno sis, length of hospital stay, among others. Read More

J Virol 2018 Dec 19. Epub 2018 Dec 19.

Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, United Kingdom

The acute anti-viral response is mediated by a family of interferon stimulated genes (ISG), providing cell-intrinsic immunity. Mutations in genes encoding these proteins are often associated with increased susceptibility to viral infections. One family of ISGs with anti-viral function are the interferon-inducible transmembrane proteins (IFITM) of which IFITM3 has been studied extensively. Read More

J Virol 2018 Dec 19. Epub 2018 Dec 19.

A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is an enveloped paramyxovirus. The matrix protein of the virus (M-NDV) has an innate propensity to produce virus-like particles being budded from the plasma membrane of the expressing cell without recruiting other viral proteins. The virus predominantly infects the host cell via fusion with the host plasma membrane or, alternatively, can use receptor-mediated endocytic pathways. Read More

BMC Infect Dis 2018 Dec 19;18(1):680. Epub 2018 Dec 19.

Department of Virology, National Reference Laboratory for HIV, National Institute of Hygiene, Rabat, Morocco.

Background: The widespread use of an effective and safe vaccine to measles has substantially decreased morbidity and mortality from this epidemic. Nevertheless, HIV-infected children vaccinated against measles may develop an impaired vaccine response and remain susceptible to this disease. In Morocco, infants are routinely vaccinated against measles, regardless of their HIV serostatus. Read More

Antiviral Res 2019 Feb 12;162:54-60. Epub 2018 Dec 12.

VIDO-InterVac, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E3, Canada; Microbiology & Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada. Electronic address:

Human parainfluenza virus 3 (PIV3) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are major causative agents of serious respiratory tract illness in newborns and infants. Maternal vaccination could be a promising approach to provide immediate protection against severe PIV3 and RSV infection in young infants. Previously, we demonstrated that maternal immunization with a subunit vaccine consisting of the RSV fusion (F) protein formulated with TriAdj, an adjuvant consisting of poly(I:C), immune defense regulatory peptide and polyphosphazene, protects newborn lambs from RSV. Read More

Vopr Virusol 2018 ;63(5):233-239

Federal State Research Institute of Influenza, St. Petersburg, 197376, Russian Federation.

The etiological structure of influenza and other acute respiratory viral infections including their rate of incidence in St. Petersburg and Leningrad region during 4 epidemic seasons has been studied. Seasonality of some respiratory viruses was shown and peaks of circulation of RSV, adenovirus, parainfluenza viruses, rhinovirus, bocavirus, metapneumovirus and coronavirus were marked. Read More

Rev Med Virol 2018 Dec 12:e2024. Epub 2018 Dec 12.

Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan.

Respiratory infections, especially those of the lower respiratory tract, remain a foremost cause of mortality and morbidity of children greater than 5 years in developing countries including Pakistan. Ignoring these acute-level infections may lead to complications. Particularly in Pakistan, respiratory infections account for 20% to 30% of all deaths of children. Read More

Front Microbiol 2018 27;9:2919. Epub 2018 Nov 27.

Department of Microbiology, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.

Respiratory infections pose a great challenge in global health, and the prevalence of viral infection in adult patients has been poorly understood in northeast China. Harbin is one of the major cities in northeast China, and more than half of any given year in Harbin is occupied by winter. To reveal the viral etiology and seasonality in adult patients from Harbin, a 4-year consecutive survey was conducted in Harbin, China. Read More

Transfusion 2018 Dec;58 Suppl 3:3090-3095

Global Pathogen Safety, Shire (previously Baxter BioScience, Baxalta), Vienna, Austria.

Background: Immunoglobulins (Igs) have been in clinical use for almost 70 years, and early on were also used in conjunction with exposure to the measles virus or polio virus. The US regulations that describe functional Ig lot release thus require the demonstration of minimum antibody titers against these two viruses, although the use of vaccines has now dramatically reduced their incidence. The lower clinical importance of these viruses raises the question of whether other virus antibodies might be more informative for patients with immunodeficiency. Read More