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Int J Surg 2022 May 27;101:106621. Epub 2022 Apr 27.

Department of General Surgery, SMS Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India, 302004. Electronic address:

Introduction: Acute pancreatitis is inflammation of pancreatic parenchyma which is an emergency condition. It is classified as mild, moderately severe, and severe categories. In severe acute pancreatitis, mortality is up to 10%-30%. Read More

World J Clin Cases 2021 Oct;9(30):9218-9227

Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China.

Background: Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) is a common critical disease of the digestive system. In addition to the clinical manifestations and biochemical changes of acute pancreatitis, SAP is also accompanied by organ failure lasting more than 48 h. SAP is characterized by focal or extensive pancreatic necrosis, hemorrhage and obvious inflammation around the pancreas. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2021 Aug 6;14(8). Epub 2021 Aug 6.

General internal medicine, Asahi General Hospital, Asahi, Chiba, Japan.

Infected pancreatic necrosis is a postpancreatitis complication that is mainly caused by Enterobacteriaceae and Enterococci. Here, we have reported a very rare case of bacteraemia associated with infected pancreatic necrosis and retroperitoneal abscess. In addition to the diagnosis of diabetic ketoacidosis, blood test results revealed a high inflammatory status. Read More

Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi 2021 Mar;59(3):237-240

Department of General Surgery,Xuanwu Hospital,Capital Medical University,Beijing 100053,China.

Lavage has been used in the treatment of infected pancreatic necrosis(IPN) for a long time.It can be divided into peritoneal lavage and necrotic cavity lavage according to different parts of lavage.At present,peritoneal lavage is rarely used,while necrotic cavity lavage is widely used in laparotomy,minimally invasive surgery and endoscopic debridement and drainage for IPN patients. Read More

Rev Esp Enferm Dig 2021 Feb;113(2):145-146

Hepatobiliary Surgery, Daping Hospital. Army Medical University, China.

We present the case of a gallbladder-abscess cavity fistula in a 46-year-old male with walled-off pancreatic necrosis (WOPN). A step-up approach was used for two months, which consisted of a minimally invasive necrosectomy followed by postoperative percutaneous lavages with two drainage tubes. The range of the abscess was significantly reduced, as shown by the computerized tomography scan (Fig. Read More

World J Gastrointest Surg 2020 Aug;12(8):369-376

General Surgery, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Upper Gastrointestinal Unit, Perth, Western Australia, WA 6150, Australia.

Background: Post-operative enteral nutrition gastric or jejunal feeding tubes is a common and standard practice in managing the critically ill or post-surgical patient. It has its own set of complications, including obstruction, abscess formation, necrosis, and pancreatitis. We present here a case of small bowel obstruction caused by enteral nutrition bezoar. Read More

Pancreatology 2020 Oct 19;20(7):1296-1301. Epub 2020 Jun 19.

Saglik Bilimleri University, Van Education and Research Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Van, Turkey.

Background: Although well understanding the course of diseases in geriatric population is of paramount importance in order to provide the optimal treatment, there is only a few studies with controversial results that have been conducted about the course and outcomes of acute pancreatitis (AP) in elderly. We aimed to compare clinical outcomes of AP disease in geriatric age group and to evaluate the risk factors affecting outcomes.

Methods: A total of 336 patients diagnosed with AP, hospitalized and followed-up in our hospital between July/2013-February/2019 were included in this study. Read More

World J Emerg Surg 2020 07 29;15(1):44. Epub 2020 Jul 29.

Unit of General Surgery "V. Bonomo", Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari "A. Moro", Polyclinic of Bari, Piazza Giulio Cesare, 11, 70124, Bari, Italy.

Background: Acute pancreatitis is a common inflammatory pancreatic disorder, often caused by gallstone disease and frequently requiring hospitalization. In 80% of cases, a rapid and favourable outcome is described, while a necrosis of pancreatic parenchyma or extra-pancreatic tissues is reported in 10-20% of patients. The onset of pancreatic necrosis determines a significant increase of early organ failure rate and death that has higher incidence if infection of pancreatic necrosis (IPN) or extra-pancreatic collections occur. Read More

Am J Surg 2020 10 17;220(4):972-975. Epub 2020 Feb 17.

Department of Surgery, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Biochemistry/Molecular Biology, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Walther Oncology Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Indiana University Health Pancreatic Cyst and Cancer Early Detection Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA. Electronic address:

Background: This study evaluated closure techniques and incisional surgical site complications (SSCs) and incisional surgical site infections (SSIs) after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD).

Methods: Retrospective review of open PDs from 2015 to 2018 was performed. Outcomes were compared among closure techniques (subcuticular + topical skin adhesive (TSA); staples; subcuticular only). Read More

Khirurgiia (Mosk) 2019 (11):29-36

Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Care of the Moscow Department of Health, Moscow, Russia.

Objective: To improve the results of surgical treatment of abdominal abscesses using ultrasound-assisted drainage.

Material And Methods: There were 103 cases of percutaneous ultrasound-assisted drainage of intraperitoneal abscesses for the period from 2012 to 2017. Patients who underwent drainage of intraorganic and retroperitoneal abscesses associated with pancreatic necrosis were excluded from the study. Read More

Saudi Med J 2019 Nov;40(11):1167-1170

Department of Surgery, University Clinical Hospital Mostar, Mostar, Bosnia & Herzegovina. E-mail.

Acute necrotizing pancreatitis represents a severe form of acute pancreatitis, characterized by pancreatic collections and necrosis of the pancreas and surrounding tissues. It is associated with higher rates of morbidity and mortality. Scrotal swelling is a rare complication of acute necrotizing pancreatitis due to the extension of pancreatic necrotic masses involving the inguinal canal and scrotum. Read More

Am Surg 2019 Sep;85(9):1017-1024

Pancreatic necrosis can be managed conservatively; however, infection of pancreatic necrosis usually dictates more aggressive management. Our study aimed to assess the outcomes of open pancreatic necrosectomy (OPN) and endoscopic pancreatic necrosectomy (EPN) in a single center. Data from patients undergoing pancreatic necrosectomy at the Geisinger Medical Center from January 1, 2007, to April 25, 2016, were collected and retrospectively analyzed. Read More

VideoGIE 2019 Aug 30;4(8):389-393. Epub 2019 May 30.

Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA.

Background And Aims: Walled-off pancreatic necrosis is a well-known serious adverse event of severe acute pancreatitis. EUS-guided transluminal access followed by direct endoscopic necrosectomy is increasingly used to remove necrosis, with good efficacy and a superior safety profile when compared with surgery. However, a percentage of patients is too critically ill to undergo this procedure or lack an appropriate transluminal window for access. Read More

Gastroenterol Res Pract 2019 1;2019:6069179. Epub 2019 Jul 1.

Surgery Intensive Care Unit (SICU), Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China.

Objective: To describe the management and prognosis of splenic abscess after splenic arterial embolization in severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) patients.

Methods: This is a retrospective observational study. From August 2012 to August 2017, SAP patients with infected pancreatic necrosis (IPN) who underwent splenic arterial embolization after massive hemorrhage of the splenic artery were screened and those who developed splenic abscess were included for analysis. Read More

J Vasc Interv Radiol 2019 Aug 13;30(8):1215-1222. Epub 2019 Jun 13.

Department of Gastric surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Course of Advanced Clinical Research of Cancer, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.

Purpose: This study compared the efficacy of absolute ethanol with that of N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate (NBCA) in portal vein embolization (PVE) before partial hepatectomy.

Materials And Methods: Between January 2012 and February 2016, 61 patients (43 men, 18 women; median; 69 years of age) underwent PVE using absolute ethanol (January 2012 to January 2014; n = 27) or NBCA (February 2014 to February 2016; n = 34). The primary endpoint was increase in the nonembolized liver volume (NELV)-to-total functional liver volume (TFLV) ratio, and the secondary endpoints were changes in embolized liver volume (ELV) and NELV, changes in laboratory data, and adverse events. Read More

Case Rep Gastrointest Med 2019 6;2019:2021712. Epub 2019 Mar 6.

Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.

Heterotopic pancreas, also known as ectopic pancreas, is pancreatic tissue located outside the pancreatic parenchyma without vascular or ductal communication with the gland. Ectopic pancreas is rarely symptomatic, typically detected incidentally at surgery or autopsy. Eighty-five to 90% are in the upper GI tract, especially the gastric antrum. Read More

Case Rep Gastrointest Med 2019 23;2019:7656950. Epub 2019 Jan 23.

Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, WVU University Hospital, Morgantown, WV, USA.

Lumen-apposing metal stents (LAMS) use in gastrointestinal endoscopy has been on the rise for various indications for the last few years. Currently, LAMS is a well-established treatment for post-pancreatitis peri-pancreatic fluid collections and walled-off necrosis (WON), but it is still not a standard of care in the treatment of post-surgical fluid collections (PSFC). Most of the earlier studies for treatment of PSFC utilized double pigtail plastic stents (DPS). Read More

Klin Lab Diagn 2018;63(12):750-755

Ivanovo Regional Clinical Hospital, 153040, Ivanovo, Russian Federation.

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the informative value of volatile fatty acid (VFA) indicators for the differential diagnosis of infected pancreatic necrosis (IPN), complicated by retroperitoneal cellulose phlegmons and IPN, complicated by pancreatic abscesses. The work is based on the results of the examination and treatment of 52 patients with IPN, complicated by abscesses and phlegmon. The analysis of the concentrations of acetic, propionic, butyric and isovaleric acids were carried out on the gas chromatograph "Crystalllux-4000" with the capillary "HP-FFAP" column. Read More

Int J Surg Case Rep 2019 21;55:62-65. Epub 2019 Jan 21.

Caboolture Hospital, 120 McKean Street, 4510 Queenland, Australia. Electronic address:

Introduction: Severe acute pancreatitis is associated with high morbidity and mortality. This is a result of the development of pancreatic and extra-pancreatic necrosis with subsequent infection which can lead to multiorgan failure. Complications include localized ileus, abscess formation, mechanical obstruction, rupture and perforation into the gastrointestinal tract and fistula formation (Aldridge et al. Read More

Ther Clin Risk Manag 2018 12;14:1987-1992. Epub 2018 Oct 12.

General Surgery, Center for New Material and New Precision Technology of Cancer Therapy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China,

A horseshoe appendix is a subtype of duplex appendix, in which the appendix is shaped like a circle that may lead to an internal hernia and result in intestinal necrosis. This subtype is extremely rare, with only 13 cases reported worldwide to date, and easily triggers a series of medico-legal consequences due to the neglect of another infection base of the appendix. We describe a 22-year-old man who presented with a 3-day history of fever and was diagnosed with pneumonia. Read More

Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2018 Oct 29;17(5):456-460. Epub 2018 Aug 29.

Abertawe Bro-Morgannwg University Health Board, Department of Surgery, Morriston Hospital, Swansea, SA6 6NL, UK.

Background: Acute pancreatitis (AP) continues to cause significant morbidity and mortality, especially when it leads to infected pancreatic necrosis (IPN). Modern treatment of IPN frequently involves prolonged courses of antibiotics in combination with minimally invasive therapies. This study aimed to update the existing evidence base by identifying the pathogens causing IPN and therefore aid future selection of empirical antibiotics. Read More

Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi 2018 Sep;56(9):687-692

Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China.

To investigate the safety and efficiency of small incision minimally invasive approach pancreatic necrosectomy in the treatment of infected pancreatic necrosis. The data of 164 patients who underwent small incision minimally invasive approach pancreatic necrosectomy for infected pancreatic necrosis at Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University from January 2012 to December 2016 were analyzed retrospectively.Among 164 patients, there were 102 male and 62 female patients. Read More

Khirurgiia (Mosk) 2018(8):12-18

Research Institute - Ochapovsky Regional Clinical Hospital #1 of Healthcare Ministry of the Krasnodar Territory, Krasnodar, Russia.

Aim: To evaluate technology, indications and time of minimally invasive semi-closed and laparotomic sanations for infected pancreatic necrosis (IP).

Material And Methods: Initially it was used sonography-assisted minimally invasive semi-closed drainage of IP with gradual augmentation of catheters' diameter. In 462 patients with IP liquid pus prevailed over sequesters in epigastric localized pancreatonecrotic phlegmon (ELPF) and pancreatonecrotic abscesses. Read More

Case Rep Gastroenterol 2018 May-Aug;12(2):217-223. Epub 2018 May 31.

GI Department, The Brooklyn Hospital Center, Affiliate of the Mount Sinai Hospital, Brooklyn, New York, USA.

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an inflammatory disease presenting from mild localized inflammation to severe infected necrotic pancreatic tissue. In the literature, there are a few cases of hypothermia-induced AP. However, the association between hypothermia and AP is still a myth. Read More

Khirurgiia (Mosk) 2018(4):4-16

Vishnevsky Institute of surgeru of Healthcare Ministry of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.

Aim: To evaluate an effectiveness of endovascular techniques in pancreatic surgery.

Material And Methods: For the period 1995-2017 at Vishnevsky Institute of Surgery endovascular treatment (EVT) was applied in 51 patients with chronic pancreatitis complicated by false aneurysms (FA) and postoperative hemorrhage after pancreatectomy. Various methods of embolization and stenting were used in 24 and 11 cases respectively in order to exclude FA of celiac trunk and superior mesenteric artery from blood flow. Read More

Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am 2018 Apr;28(2):157-169

Medico-Surgical Digestive Oncology, Paoli-Calmettes Institute, 232 Boulevard de Sainte-Marguerite, Marseille 13009, France. Electronic address:

Ultrasound-guided drainage is the first-line modality for drainage of symptomatic of pancreatic fluid collections. In the context of pancreatic cancer, use of multiple double-pigtail plastic stents suffice, with high treatment efficacy. This approach provides similar success rates with low complications and better quality of life compared with surgery. Read More

Ann Ital Chir 2017 ;88:539-545

Introduction: Despite technological advancement, high grade pancreatic injuries following blunt abdominal trauma continues to remain a disease that is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates, particularly in cases of delayed diagnosis. The aim of this paper was the presentation of delayed diagnosis and treatment peculiarities of high grade pancreatic trauma and a review of literature.

Case Report: A 55-years old man, involved in motor vehicle crashes, was referred to our level I trauma center. Read More

Abdom Radiol (NY) 2018 02;43(2):476-488

Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths. With surgical resection being the only definitive treatment, improvements in technique has led to an increase in number of candidates undergoing resection by inclusion of borderline resectable disease patients to the clearly resectable group. Post-operative complications associated with pancreaticoduodenectomy and distal pancreatectomy include delayed gastric emptying, anastomotic failures, fistula formation, strictures, abscess, infarction, etc. Read More

Oncotarget 2017 Aug 16;8(33):55593-55599. Epub 2017 Mar 16.

Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China.

Objective: To investigate the efficacy and safety of transarterial embolization (TAE) using embolization microspheres in the treatment of non-hypervascular malignant liver tumors.

Methods: Patients with malignant non-hypervascular liver tumors, who were treated with TAE using embolization microspheres, were selected and analyzed retrospectively. The technical success rate, tumor response, and complications were assessed. Read More