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Med Pharm Rep 2022 Jan 31;95(1):47-53. Epub 2022 Jan 31.

Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia.

Background And Aim: Complete gonadal dysgenesis or Swyer syndrome is a rare genetic disorder characterized by 46,XY karyotype and female phenotype with undeveloped streak gonads and high malignancy risk. The condition usually manifests in teenage and young adults with delayed puberty and primary amenorrhea. The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence and potential malignant outcomes of complete gonadal dysgenesis in Latvia. Read More

Case Rep Endocrinol 2022 23;2022:5666957. Epub 2022 May 23.

Department of Medical Oncology, IMS & SUM Medical College and Hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.

Gonadoblastoma is a neoplasm containing an intimate mixture of germ cells and elements resembling immature granulosa or Sertoli cells. It has been considered as in situ germ cell malignancy that can be associated with malignant components. The tumor has been reported to almost exclusively develop in various types of gonadal gene mutation syndromes, such as in pure or mixed gonadal dysgenesis and among females carrying Y chromosome material. Read More

Int Cancer Conf J 2022 Apr 6;11(2):114-118. Epub 2022 Jan 6.

Department of Radiodiagnosis, Geetanjali Medical College & Hospital, Udaipur, India.

Gonadoblastoma is an extremely rare neoplasm of the ovary showing admixture of germ cells and sex cord cells. It may be associated with gonadal dysgenesis. Gonadoblastoma cells may give rise to individual germ cell tumours or mixed germ cell tumours with variable tumour components. Read More

Cytopathology 2022 Jul 9;33(4):493-498. Epub 2022 Apr 9.

Department of Cytology and Gynecological Pathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.

Background: Germ cell tumours infrequently metastasise to body cavities, where early detection on fluid samples is possible and can spearhead early treatment and survival.

Materials And Methods: A total of seven cases of metastatic germ cell tumours were retrieved out of 7500 effusion samples received for cytopathological examination from 2015 to 2021. Detailed cytological features of metastatic germ cell tumours in effusion samples were studied, along with a correlation between clinical, radiological, and histopathological features. Read More

Diagnostics (Basel) 2022 Mar 9;12(3). Epub 2022 Mar 9.

Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea.

Dissecting gonadoblastoma (DGB) of the ovary, a recently described terminology, defines a unique distribution of neoplastic germ cells. Here, we report a case of incidental DGB coexistent with an atypical endometriotic cyst occurring in a 23-year-old woman. The ovarian cyst was lined by endometrial-like glands and stroma. Read More

Zhongguo Yi Xue Ke Xue Yuan Xue Bao 2022 Feb;44(1):17-23

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric and Gynecologic Diseases,PUMC Hospital,CAMS and PUMC,Beijing 100730,China.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of preadolescent and adolescent female patients with ovarian mass combined with dysplasia of secondary sexual characteristics. Methods This study retrospectively analyzed 18 cases of ovarian mass combined with dysplasia of secondary sexual characteristics aged 0-19 years admitted to Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 2012 to November 2019.By analyzing the clinical manifestations,surgical methods,postoperative pathology,therapies and prognosis of the cases,we summarized the diagnosis and treatment ideas. Read More

Gynecol Oncol Rep 2022 Apr 10;40:100956. Epub 2022 Mar 10.

Beaumont Hospitals, MI, USA.

Background: The main pediatric (0-18 years) gynecologic cancers include stromal carcinomas (juvenile granulosa cell tumors and Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors), genital rhabdomyosarcomas and ovarian germ cell. Outcomes depend on time of diagnosis, stage, tumor type and treatment which can have long-term effects on the reproductive career of these patients. This study seeks to analyze the trends in clinical-pathologic presentation, treatment and outcomes in the cases seen at our facility. Read More

Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2022 Apr 16;271:138-144. Epub 2022 Feb 16.

University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK; University of Bristol, Senate House, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TH, UK. Electronic address:

Objective: To describe the current surgical management of stage 1 malignant ovarian germ cell tumours and correlated oncological outcomes.

Study Design: We undertook a retrospective study of all stage 1 primary ovarian germ cell tumours treated in four major UK gynaecology oncology centres over 12 years. We assessed route of surgery, fertility-sparing approaches, ovarian cystectomy alone, and surgical staging and correlated these with clinical outcomes. Read More

Mod Pathol 2022 Feb 1. Epub 2022 Feb 1.

Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.

Mast cell sarcoma (MCS) is an exceedingly rare form of mastocytosis characterized by invasive malignant mast cell growth and metastatic potential. Diagnosis of MCS is very challenging due to its marked morphologic variations and significant immunophenotypic overlap with other neoplasms. In this study, we undertook an extensive study of 10 cases of MCS from our series, with review of additional 24 cases from the literature, to better clarify the clinicopathologic and molecular features of MCS. Read More

SAGE Open Med Case Rep 2022 18;10:2050313X211068562. Epub 2022 Jan 18.

Department of Diabetes, Metabolism, Endocrinology, Rheumatology and Collagen Diseases, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.

We report on the case of a patient with dysgerminoma, a rare germ cell tumor, which showed hypercalcemia with an elevation of 1α,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (calcitriol). A 27-year-old nulliparous woman presented with hypercalcemia during the examination of a right ovarian tumor with an elevation of calcitriol, lactate dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase. Fractional excretion of calcium was elevated, and intact parathyroid hormone was suppressed. Read More

J Reprod Infertil 2021 Oct-Dec;22(4):267-273

Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Guru Gobind Singh Medical College and Hospital, Punjab, India.

Background: Malignant ovarian germ cell tumors (MOGCTs) are rare female cancers, constituting up to 10% of ovarian cancers. Dysgerminoma is the most common histological variant. Surgical removal of the tumor with optimal debulking is the treatment of choice. Read More

Clin Case Rep 2021 Dec 13;9(12):e05227. Epub 2021 Dec 13.

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Nippon Medical School Tokyo Japan.

We present a case of dysgerminoma of the right adnexa with an infiltration to the right wall of the uterus and a metastasis of para-aortic lymph node. Read More

Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2021 15;14(11):1090-1094. Epub 2021 Nov 15.

The Department of Pathology, Hebei General Hospital Heping Xi Road, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei Province, China.

We report a rare case of double primary germ cell tumor: right ovarian yolk sac tumor and left ovarian dysgerminoma. A 45 year-old woman was admitted to our hospital due to irregular bleeding for 2 days and extended menstrual period. Right ovarian mass was discovered on transvaginal ultrasound. Read More

Gynecol Obstet Invest 2021 18;86(6):494-501. Epub 2021 Nov 18.

Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term outcomes and the factors related to patient prognosis.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively analyzed patients treated at the Department of Gynecology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, between January 1, 1968, and December 12, 2018.

Results: A total of 107 patients were identified. Read More

Cancer Imaging 2021 Oct 28;21(1):58. Epub 2021 Oct 28.

Department of Radiology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni 15, Bologna, Italy.

Background: Imaging findings have a prominent role in early and correct identification of ovarian dysgerminoma, the most common ovarian malignant germ cell tumor (OMGCT). Despite Computed Tomography (CT) is widely used, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has proved to be superior in adnexal masses characterization. Limited data and small series are available concerning MRI aspects of dysgerminoma. Read More

Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi 2021 Oct;50(10):1145-1150

Department of Pathology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou 510623, China.

To investigate the clinicopathological features of gonadal neoplastic related lesions in children with disorders of sexual development (DsD). The clinical manifestations, chromosomal karyotype, histology and immunophenotype of 12 cases of neoplastic related lesions from Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou were analyzed during Jan 2015 to May 2020. Twelve cases of neoplastic related lesions were screened in 205 cases of DsD, and 6 patients with gonadal germ cell neoplasia aged 3-13 years with an average age of 8. Read More

Arch Argent Pediatr 2021 10;119(5):e545-e549

Servicio de Clínica pediátrica, Hospital de Pediatría SAMIC Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Hypercalcemia associated with malignant tumors is a rare entity in pediatrics (0.5-1.3 % of pediatric cancers). Read More

J Pathol 2022 01 29;256(1):38-49. Epub 2021 Oct 29.

Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

Germ cell tumors (GCTs) originate during the histogenesis of primordial germ cells to mature gametes. Previous studies identified five histogenic mechanisms in ovarian mature teratomas (type I: failure of meiosis I; type II: failure of meiosis II; type III: duplication of the genome of a mature gamete; type IV: no meiosis; and type V: fusion of two different ova), but those of other GCTs remain elusive. In this study, we analyzed 84 GCTs of various pathologic types to identify the histogenesis using single-nucleotide polymorphism array by analyzing copy-neutral loss of heterozygosity (CN-LOH) and copy number alterations (CNAs). Read More

J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 2022 06 21;14(2):251-257. Epub 2021 Sep 21.

Medical University of Gdansk, Department of Pediatrics, Hematology and Oncology, Gdansk, Poland

Nijmegen breakage syndrome (NBS) is a rare autosomal recessive disease, affecting mainly patients of Slavic origin. It is caused by a defect in the gene, resulting in defective nibrin protein formation. This leads to chromosomal instability, which predisposes to cancer, with lymphoid malignancies predominating. Read More

BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2021 Sep 7;21(1):611. Epub 2021 Sep 7.

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.

Background: Ovarian dysgerminoma, a subtype of malignant germ cell tumor (GCT), is a rare ovarian neoplasm that is infrequently found in the gravid patient. When dysgerminomas do occur in pregnancy, the rapidly growing tumors can have a heterogeneous presentation and lead to peripartum complications and morbidity. Due to the rarity of this condition, diagnostic and therapeutic strategies are not well described in the literature. Read More

Am J Surg Pathol 2022 03;46(3):309-325

Hospital Pathology Associates, Virginia Piper, Cancer Institute, Minneapolis, MN.

One hundred fifty yolk sac tumors (YSTs) of the ovary in patients from 1 to 61 (mean: 21.5) years of age are described; 75% of the patients were in the second and third decades and only 1 was above 50 years of age. The clinical manifestations were typically related to a fast-growing adnexal mass; endocrine manifestations (hirsutism) were present in only 2 cases. Read More

Gynecol Oncol 2021 10 12;163(1):79-84. Epub 2021 Aug 12.

Division of Cancer Registration and Surveillance, National Cancer Center, Republic of Korea. Electronic address:

Objective: Malignant ovarian germ cell tumor (MOGCT) is a rare ovarian malignancy accounting for less than 5% of all ovarian cancers. We aimed to evaluate the incidence, survival, and subsequent malignancies after the diagnosis of MOGCT.

Methods: Data from the Korea Central Cancer Registry were used to identify MOGCTs between 1999 and 2017. Read More

Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2022 Jan 10;156(1):17-21. Epub 2021 Aug 10.

Fertility Associates of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.

A 20-year-old woman was diagnosed with an ovarian dysgerminoma on the right ovary and underwent fertility-preserving right salpingo-oophorectomy and staging. Eight months later she was found to have a left ovarian solid mass. She underwent controlled ovarian hyperstimulation and oocyte cryopreservation before total abdominal hysterectomy, left salpingo-oophorectomy, and exploratory surgery were performed. Read More

Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ) 2020 Oct.-Dec.;18(72):425-427

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kathmandu Model Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal.

Dysgerminomas account for approximately one third of all malignant ovarian germ cell tumors (tumors arising from ovarian germinal elements) and are the most common ovarian malignancy detected during pregnancy. They are the only germ cell malignancy with a significant rate of bilateral ovarian involvement that is 15-20 percent. They have a variable gross appearance, but in general are solid, pink to tan to cream colored lobulated masses. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2021 Jun;100(23):e26319

Forensic and Pathology Laboratory, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, ZJ, China.

Rationale: Dysgerminoma is a rare malignant tumor of the ovary, more frequently occurring in young women. The main signs of pseudo-Meigs syndrome (PMS) are ascites and hydrothorax accompanying benign or malignant ovarian tumors (no fibroma or fibroma-like tumor).

Patient Concerns: A 19-year-old woman with fever and chest tightness for 2 days. Read More

Medicina (Kaunas) 2021 May 27;57(6). Epub 2021 May 27.

Department of Morphofunctional Sciences I, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iaşi, Romania.

Ovarian malignant germ cell tumors (OMGCT) represent less than 10% of all ovarian tumors. Dysgerminoma is the most common malignant primitive germ cell tumor in young women, known for its curability and low propensity to invade and metastasize when diagnosed early. Herein, we report an unusual type of ovarian dysgerminoma (OD) metastasis with a brief review of the literature, lacking similar reported cases. Read More

Case Rep Pathol 2021 22;2021:5545645. Epub 2021 Apr 22.

Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Juntendo University Nerima Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.

Dysgerminoma is a malignant ovarian germ cell tumor, and unlike sex-cord stromal tumors, endocrine manifestation is considered rare. Here, we report the first case of dysgerminoma presenting precocious puberty. The patient is a 7-year-old girl who presented with a breast development in Tanner stage 3. Read More

J Vet Diagn Invest 2021 Jul 28;33(4):772-776. Epub 2021 May 28.

Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Departamento de Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

We characterized the immunohistochemical expression profiles of dysgerminomas from a 16-y-old maned wolf and 13 domestic dogs using the following biomarkers: Sal-like protein 4 (SALL4), octamer-binding transcription factor 3/4 (OCT3/4), placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP), c-kit, and vimentin. The maned wolf had nonspecific and long-standing clinical signs of lethargy, anorexia, and weight loss, and was euthanized because of poor prognosis. At autopsy, the left ovary was effaced by a 12 × 8 × 6 cm mass, comprised of anaplastic cells with a mitotic count of 20 mitoses in 10 high power fields. Read More

Int J Gynecol Cancer 2021 09 25;31(9):1242-1247. Epub 2021 May 25.

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the oncological outcome of stage I malignant ovarian germ cell tumors patients included in the MITO-9 study to identify those who might be recommended routine surveillance alone after complete surgical staging.

Methods: MITO-9 was a prospective observational study analyzing data collected between January 2013 and December 2019. Three groups were identified: group A included 13 patients stage IA dysgerminoma and IAG1 immature teratoma; group B included 29 patients with stage IB-C dysgerminomas, IA-C G2-G3 immature teratomas and stage IA mixed malignant ovarian germ cell tumors and yolk sac tumors; and group C included five patients (two patients with stage IC1 and one patient with stage IC2 yolk sac tumors and two patients with mixed-stage IC2 malignant ovarian germ cell tumors). Read More

J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2021 Dec 11;34(6):869-871. Epub 2021 May 11.

Gynaecology Department, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Saint Mary's Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom.

Background: 46XY pure gonadal dysgenesis (Swyer syndrome) is a rare disorder of sexual development. Patients have a 46XY karyotype, though phenotypically they appear female with normal external genitalia and vagina. Although patients exhibit normal Müllerian structures (uterus, fallopian tubes, and vagina), they possess a pair of bilateral undifferentiated gonad streaks. Read More