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J Laryngol Otol 2020 May 28:1-6. Epub 2020 May 28.

Department of Otolaryngology, Great North Children's Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.

Background: Mastoiditis is the most common intra-temporal complication of acute otitis media. Despite potentially lethal sequelae, optimal management remains poorly defined.

Method: A retrospective case review was conducted of children diagnosed with mastoiditis at a tertiary referral centre, in North East England, between 2010 and 2017. Read More

mSphere 2020 May 27;5(3). Epub 2020 May 27.

Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA

Nontypeable (NTHI) colonizes the human nasopharynx, but when the host immune response is dysregulated by upper respiratory tract (URT) virus infection, NTHI can gain access to more distal airway sites and cause disease. The NTHI type IV pilus (T4P) facilitates adherence, benign colonization, and infection, and its majority subunit PilA is in clinical trials as a vaccinogen. To further validate the strategy of immunization with PilA against multiple NTHI-induced diseases, it is important to demonstrate T4P expression under microenvironmental conditions that predispose to NTHI infection of the airway. Read More

Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2020 May 26:3489420929717. Epub 2020 May 26.

Tulane University School of Medicine, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, New Orleans, LA, USA.

Objective: To examine the use of intramuscular corticosteroid (IMCS) injections for treatment of acute upper respiratory infections (URI) and the influence on healthcare utilization.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study used patient encounter data from a large multicenter regional health care system between 2013 and 2017. Adult patients diagnosed with acute URI (acute pharyngitis, acute sinusitis, acute otitis media, and URI not otherwise specified) during ambulatory encounters were included. Read More

Turk J Pharm Sci 2018 Aug 17;15(2):184-189. Epub 2018 Jul 17.

Tashkent Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Tashkent, Uzbekistan.

Objectives: Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is a serious disease with the presence of bacterial infection in the middle ear. Worldwide, 1% to 46% of the population living in developed and developing countries have CSOM, about 65-330 million people, 60% of whom have significant hearing loss. The study of the wound healing efficacy and tolerability of the drug MEKRITEN (garlic extract liquid) was performed to identify the possibility of issuing recommendations for the drug for clinical use in the Republic of Uzbekistan. Read More

Regen Ther 2020 Jun 16;14:296-298. Epub 2020 May 16.

Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.

Experimental rabbits provide evidence for translational research regarding the pathogenies or treatment of human diseases. We developed a novel method for regenerating the middle ear mucosa using autologous cultured nasal mucosal epithelial cell sheets, and evaluated the wound healing process in the middle ear mucosa of experimental rabbits. Nonetheless, vigilant microbiological monitoring of experimental animals is essential to effectively prevent a decline in their health conditions, which may affect the research results. Read More

Ear Nose Throat J 2020 May 26:145561320925208. Epub 2020 May 26.

Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.

BMC Vet Res 2020 May 25;16(1):159. Epub 2020 May 25.

Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, CH64 7TE, UK.

Background: Vestibular dysfunction is relatively common in dogs, with a prevalence of 0.08% reported in primary veterinary care in the UK. There are several studies investigating how to differentiate between peripheral and central vestibular disease but only limited information regarding the possible underlying causes for peripheral vestibular dysfunction in dogs. Read More

Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2020 May 26:194599820922155. Epub 2020 May 26.

Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

Objective: Clinical practice guidelines synthesize and disseminate the best available evidence to guide clinical decisions and increase high-quality care. Since 2004, the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Foundation (AAO-HNSF) has published 16 guidelines. The objective of this review was to evaluate clinicians' adherence to these guidelines' recommendations as measured in the literature. Read More

BMJ Open 2020 May 24;10(5):e033511. Epub 2020 May 24.

Child Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia

Introduction: and non-typeable (NTHi) are major otitis media pathogens that densely co-colonise the nasopharynx and infect the middle ear of Australian Aboriginal infants from very early in life. Our co-primary hypotheses are that at 18 months of age infants receiving 10-valent pneumococcal protein D conjugate vaccine (PHiD-CV10) compared with those receiving 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) as a booster at 12 months of age will have higher antibody levels to protein D and that infants receiving PCV13 will have higher antibody levels to PCV13-only serotypes 3, 6A and 19A.

Methods And Analyses: Our randomised controlled trial will enrol 270 Aboriginal children at 12 months of age to a booster dose of either PHiD-CV10 or PCV13. Read More

Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2020 May 13;135:110118. Epub 2020 May 13.

Department of ENT and Head & Neck Surgery, St Stephen's Hospital, Delhi, India. Electronic address:

Four cases of tuberculous otitis media in children are reported. One case presented with a postaural fistula, another case with signs of meningeal irritation and ear discharge and two cases as chronic otitis media refractory to conventional treatment. All patients underwent modified radical mastoidectomy and the diagnosis was made postoperativelyby histopathology in three cases and Ziehl-Neelson stainig of the discharge from the mastoid cavity in one. Read More

Antibiotics (Basel) 2020 May 20;9(5). Epub 2020 May 20.

Primary Care and Interventions Unit, Public Health England, Gloucester GL1 1DQ, UK.

Background: Infections are one of the most common reasons for patients attending primary care. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is perhaps one of the biggest threats to modern medicine; data show that 81% of antibiotics in the UK are prescribed in primary care.

Aim: To identify where the perceived gaps in knowledge, skills, guidance and research around infections and antibiotic use lie from the general practitioner (GP) viewpoint. Read More

J Otol 2020 Jun 3;15(2):59-61. Epub 2020 Jan 3.

Department of ENT, Head & Neck Surgery, Karpagam Faculty of Medical Sciences & Research, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.

Background: Patients with bilateral chronic otitis media - mucosal type have been conventionally treated with sequential tympanoplasty. Bilateral simultaneous tympanoplasty is usually not preferred because of the theoretical risk of iatrogenic sensorineural hearing loss. With the advent of modern surgical instruments and surgical techniques, the risk is expected to be lower. Read More

Pediatr Res 2020 May 21. Epub 2020 May 21.

Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.

Background: Otitis media (OM), a prevalent pediatric infectious disease, is mainly caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae (S.pn). Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), a novel antimicrobial strategy, were reported in 2004. Read More

Cytokine 2020 May 18;133:155125. Epub 2020 May 18.

Department of Pediatric Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland.

Objectives: The study objective was to assess the levels of VEGF-A and TGF-β cytokines in the children with adenoid hypertrophy concomitant with exudative otitis media (OME) and in children with adenoid hypertrophy (HA) alone.

Methods: The study material consisted of hypertrophic adenoids removed during adenoidectomy from 39 children (20 girls and 19 boys), aged 2-7 years suffering from OME. The reference group included 41 children (19 girls and 22 boys), aged from 3 to 9 years with adenoid hypertrophy. Read More

SAGE Open Med 2020 6;8:2050312120919240. Epub 2020 May 6.

School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia.

Background: Childhood hearing impairment is still a significant cause of disability in the 21st century in developing countries. Particularly, the burden is more severe in sub-Saharan Africa, where the majority of children with hearing problems is living. Thre are great variations and inconsistencies of available findings conducted in sub-Saharan Africa. Read More

Laryngoscope 2020 May 20. Epub 2020 May 20.

Department of Otolaryngology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, U.S.A.

Objectives/hypothesis: Cell culture models are valuable tools for investigation of the molecular pathogenesis of diseases including otitis media (OM). Previous study indicates that age-, sex-, and race-associated differences in molecular signaling may impact disease pathophysiology. Currently, a singular immortalized middle ear epithelial (MEE) cell line exists, HMEEC-1, derived from an adult without known middle ear disease. Read More

World J Clin Cases 2020 May;8(9):1592-1599

Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, the Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200233, China.

Background: Although long-term retention of a ventilation tube is required in many ear diseases, spontaneous removal of conventional ventilation tube is observed in patients within 3 to 12 mo. To address this issue, we aimed to determine a new method for long-term retention of the ventilation tube.

Aim: To explore the value of removing the biofilm for long-term retention of tympanostomy ventilation tubes. Read More

Int J Gen Med 2020 1;13:157-161. Epub 2020 May 1.

Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 21110, Jordan.

Introduction: Kartagener's syndrome (KS) is a ciliopathic, autosomal recessive disorder characterized by the triad of situs inversus, chronic sinusitis, and bronchiectasis. The abnormal ciliary structure and function lead to variable clinical manifestations, including dextrocardia, pneumonia, bronchitis, chronic rhinosinusitis, otitis media, reduced fertility in women, and infertility in men. This article reports our experience on general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation during functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) in a patient with KS. Read More

Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2020 May 19;20(7):21. Epub 2020 May 19.

Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.

Purpose Of Review: Allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma are well-described disease entities with broad exposure in clinical and research allergy forums. Associations between allergic inflammation and upper airway diseases of chronic laryngitis, otitis media, obstructive sleep apnea, and oral allergy syndrome are less well understood and described in the literature.

Recent Findings: This review discusses the relationship between atopy and diseases of the upper airway, oral cavity, larynx, and ear. Read More

Hum Vaccin Immunother 2020 May 19:1-7. Epub 2020 May 19.

Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA.

The varicella vaccine passage extension (VAR-PE) process was undertaken to extend the availability of varicella zoster virus (VZV)-containing vaccines. This study (V210-A03; NCT03239873) assessed the immunogenicity, safety, and tolerability of VAR-PE process in comparison with varicella vaccine commercial product 2016 (VAR) randomized 1:1 in 600 healthy children 12 to 23 months of age administered concomitantly with measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine. The VZV seroconversion rate at 6 weeks Postdose 1 in the PP population was 100% for both groups. Read More

J Laryngol Otol 2020 May 19:1-6. Epub 2020 May 19.

Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of bony dehiscence in the tympanic facial canal in patients with acute otitis media with facial paresis compared to those without facial paresis.

Method: A retrospective case-control study was conducted on acute otitis media patients with facial paresis undergoing high-resolution temporal bone computed tomography.

Results: Forty-eight patients were included (24 per group). Read More

Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2020 May 18. Epub 2020 May 18.

Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Pendik Training and Research Hospital, Marmara University Medical Faculty, Mimar Sinan Caddesi No. 41, Fevzi Cakmak Mahallesi, Ust Kaynarca-Pendik, 34899, Istanbul, Turkey.

Objective: This study aimed to compare patients who had chronic otitis media with and without cholesteatoma in terms of the quality of life related to health.

Methods: The Turkish version of the Chronic Otitis Media Questionnaire-12 (COMQ-12) was completed by totally 100 healthy subjects and 100 patients who had chronic otitis media (COM). The COM group was divided into cholesteatoma and without cholesteatoma [dry tympanic membrane perforation (TMP) and draining ear] groups. Read More

Infect Disord Drug Targets 2020 ;20(2):244-246

Department of Microbiology, Medical School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Background Context: Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media (CSOM) is a common cause of hearing impairment and disability. CSOM caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa is usually treated with topical ciprofloxacin and resistance to ciprofloxacin in CSOM isolates has rarely been reported.

Case Presentation: A 24-year-old male patient with CSOM due to p. Read More

Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2020 May 19:194599820923633. Epub 2020 May 19.

Division of Otolaryngology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

Objective: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic requires clinicians to explore alternatives to routine patient management. Otolaryngologists caring for children commonly depend on physical examination, laboratory data, and ambulatory surgical procedures. Limiting patient care, mindful allocation of resources, and concern for safety have challenged all aspects of our health care system. Read More

Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2020 May 8;135:110091. Epub 2020 May 8.

Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China. Electronic address:

Background: Studies have shown that Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection may be associated with the occurrence of otitis media with effusion (OME) in children.

Objective: This is a systematic review of the relevant published literature to explore the relationship between H. Read More

Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2020 May 11;135:110105. Epub 2020 May 11.

University of Central Florida, College of Medicine, USA; Division of Otolaryngology/Audiology, Nemours Children's Hospital, USA. Electronic address:

Objective: To examine the prevalence of daily medication use and prescribing patterns in preschool aged children presenting to otolaryngology clinics.

Study Design: Retrospective summary of prescription-related data from PEDSnet database of two tertiary care children's hospitals within single health system.

Methods: All new patients between birth and 5 years of age seen in otolaryngology clinics from October 1, 2016 through September 30, 2017 were included. Read More

Acta Paediatr 2020 May 18. Epub 2020 May 18.

Department of Paediatrics, University of Otago Christchurch Campus, New Zealand.

Aim: This systematic review evaluates the current evidence for the use of probiotics in the prevention of acute otitis media (AOM) in children.

Methods: This study is registered with PROSPERO prior to commencement. PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane database were searched using relating keywords. Read More

J Infect Chemother 2020 May 14. Epub 2020 May 14.

Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan; Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Jikei University Hospital, 3-19-18 Nishi-shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8471, Japan.

Studies have shown that pneumococcal vaccination reduces the incidence of Streptococcus pneumoniae infections but does not change the prevalence of S. pneumoniae nasopharyngeal colonization. To comprehensively and longitudinally assess the epidemiology of S. Read More

Public Health 2020 May 13;183:30-35. Epub 2020 May 13.

University of Science and Technology, Departments of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sana'a, Yemen. Electronic address:

Objectives: The practice of dispensing non-prescribed antibiotics aggravates the global burden of antibiotic resistance. The objective of this study is to assess the practice of community pharmacists regarding dispensing antibiotics without a prescription based on simulated clinical scenarios.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Read More

Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2020 May 15. Epub 2020 May 15.

Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.

Purpose: The COVID-19 infection is an aggressive viral illness with high risk of transmission during otolaryngology examination and surgery. Cholesteatoma is known for its potential to cause complications and scheduling of surgery during the pandemic must be done carefully. The majority of otological surgeries may be classified as elective and postponed at this time (e. Read More

Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2020 May 6;135:110080. Epub 2020 May 6.

Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of age, race, payer status, and socioeconomic status on complications and comorbidities in children with cholesteatoma.

Methods: An analysis of the Kids' Inpatient Database was performed on cases of cholesteatoma between 2006 and 2016, along with associated complications or co-morbidities and surgical interventions.

Results: 1552 cases of pediatric cholesteatoma represented 5. Read More

Pediatr Infect Dis J 2020 May 13. Epub 2020 May 13.

Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.

Background: Acute otitis media (AOM) is the most common reason for antimicrobial use, and tympanostomy tube placement (TTP) is the most common reason for surgery requiring general anesthesia in children. Ten-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV10) was introduced in Finland in 2010 for infants. We evaluated the indirect impact of PCV10 on these surrogate otitis outcomes in unvaccinated children. Read More

Pol J Microbiol 2020 ;69:1-8

Department of Pharmacy, Abasyn University , Peshawar KP , Pakistan.

Measles infection is of substantial interest to immunologists due to its paradoxical interaction with the immune system. After the acquisition of the measles infection, secondary infection plays a pivotal role in measles-related deaths. A cross-sectional study conducted between December 2018 and July 2019 is presented here. Read More

J Infect Chemother 2020 May 11. Epub 2020 May 11.

Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.

The non-encapsulated Streptococcus pneumoniae (NESp) has emerged and increased in the clinical setting. The majority of NESp strains have been isolated from the nasopharynxes of healthy carriers and from respiratory specimens of patients with otitis media. NESp strains were shown to be more effective than encapsulated counterparts at forming biofilms. Read More

J Vet Intern Med 2020 May 14. Epub 2020 May 14.

Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom.

Background: Middle ear effusion is common in brachycephalic dogs with similarities to otitis media with effusion in children. Association with the cranial and eustachian tube morphology and bacterial infection is suspected in both species.

Hypothesis/objectives: To determine cytological and bacteriological features of middle ear effusions in dogs, provide information on histological features, and further assess the dog as a model of the human disease. Read More

J Med Vasc 2020 May 15;45(3):168-170. Epub 2020 Apr 15.

Department of Infectious Diseases, Farhat-Hached University hospital, 4000 Sousse, Tunisia; University of Sousse, Faculté de Médecine Ibn-Al-Jazzar, 4000 Sousse, Tunisia.

Hum Vaccin Immunother 2020 May 13:1-7. Epub 2020 May 13.

Research Institute, Rochester General Hospital, Rochester, NY, USA.

Conserved () proteins, oligopeptide permease (Opp)A, hemagglutinin (Hag), outer membrane protein (OMP) CD, Pilin A clade 2 (PilA2), and Moraxella surface protein (Msp) 22 have been studied as vaccine candidates. Children who experience frequent acute otitis media (AOM) confirmed with pathogen identification by tympanocentesis are referred to as stringently-defined otitis prone (sOP). Synchrony of serum antibody responses against 5 proteins, OppA, Hag, OMP CD, PilA2, and Msp22 resulting from nasopharyngeal colonization and AOM was studied for 85 non-otitis prone (NOP) children and 34 sOP children. Read More

Hum Vaccin Immunother 2020 May 13:1-2. Epub 2020 May 13.

Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.

The routine use of pneumococcal conjugated vaccines (PCVs) in childhood has significantly reduced the frequency of invasive pneumococcal diseases (IPDs). Serotype replacement has occurred, resulting in an increase in nonvaccine serotypes. Despite this changing profile, both invasive and noninvasive cases continue to be seen with strains within the scope of PCV coverage. Read More

J Int Adv Otol 2020 Apr;16(1):111-116

Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy.

Air-bone gaps (ABGs) are commonly found in patients with conductive or mixed hearing loss generally due to outer- and/or middle-ear diseases such as otitis externa, tympanic membrane perforation, interruption or fixation of the ossicular chain, and chronic suppurative otitis media. ABGs can also be found in correlation with inner-ear disorders, such as endolymphatic hydrops, enlarged vestibular aqueduct syndrome, semicircular canal dehiscence, gusher syndrome, cochlear dehiscence, and Paget disease's as well cerebral vascular anomalies including dural arteriovenous fistula. The typical clinical presentation of inner-ear conditions or cerebral vascular anomalies causing ABGs includes audiological and vestibular symptoms like vertigo, oscillopsia, dizziness, imbalance, spinning sensation, pulsatile or continuous tinnitus, hyperacusis, autophony, auricular fullness, Tullio's phenomenon, and Hennebert's sign. Read More

J Int Adv Otol 2020 Apr;16(1):34-39

Department of Pathology, Pamukkale University School of Medicine, Denizli, Turkey.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the intraoperative findings, recurrence rate, and hearing outcome of cholesteatoma surgery and correlate them with the newly proposed EAONO/JOS Joint Consensus Statement.

Materials And Methods: The records of 407 patients diagnosed with chronic otitis media and cholesteatoma between 2009 and 2017 were reviewed. After the exclusion of records with unsatisfactory surgical notes and anamnesis, 353 patients were included in the study. Read More

Acta Otolaryngol 2020 May 13:1-4. Epub 2020 May 13.

Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China.

The potential influence of Eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD) on the efficacy of tympanoplasty is controversial. This study aims to investigate the correlation between Eustachian tube function (ETF) and outcomes of type I tympanoplasty for chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM). 53 patients with CSOM and receiving type I tympanoplasty were divided into a dysfunction group (Eustachian tube score; ETS ≤ 5points) and a normal group (ETS > 5 points) according to their preoperative ETS. Read More

Ear Nose Throat J 2020 May 13:145561320924144. Epub 2020 May 13.

Department of Otolaryngology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland.

Background: Despite different etiologies, chronic otitis media involves the damaging and restructuring of bone tissue. The inflammatory process destroys elements of the ossicular chain, and bone lesions may appear that allow the development of otogenous complications.

Aims/objectives: A correlation between the degree of damage to the ossicular chain as well as the bony walls of the middle ear and the type of chronic inflammatory lesions was sought. Read More

Molecules 2020 May 9;25(9). Epub 2020 May 9.

Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.

Ear infection is one of the most commonly occurring inflammation diseases in the world, especially for children. Almost every child encounters at least one episode of ear infection before he/she reaches the age of seven. The typical treatment currently followed by physicians is visual inspection and antibiotic prescription. Read More

Ear Nose Throat J 2020 May 12:145561320920510. Epub 2020 May 12.

Department of Ear, Nose, and Throat Surgery, Federal Medical Centre, Ido Ekiti, Nigeria.

Foreign bodies in the ear are relatively common in emergency medicine. However, attempts at removal made outside the healthcare setting by untrained persons can result in complications of varying degrees. We conducted a 3-year retrospective review of 123 cases of aural foreign bodies at our hospital in Nigeria. Read More

Front Genet 2020 24;11:323. Epub 2020 Apr 24.

Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.

Introduction: Air pollutants such as Asian sand dust (ASD) and are risk factors for otitis media (OM). In this study, we evaluate the role of ASD in pneumococcal biofilm growth and colonization on human middle ear epithelium cells (HMEECs) and rat middle ear using the rat OM model.

Methods: D39 biofilm growth in the presence of ASD (50-300 μg/ml) was evaluated in metal ion-free BHI medium using CV-microplate assay, colony-forming unit (cfu) counts, resazurin staining, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and confocal microscopy (CF). Read More

Front Genet 2020 23;11:313. Epub 2020 Apr 23.

Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.

Otitis media (OM) is an infective and inflammatory disorder known to be a major cause of hearing impairment across all age groups. Both acute and chronic OM result in substantial healthcare utilization related to antibiotic prescription and surgical procedures necessary for its management. Although several studies provided evidence of genetics playing a significant role in the susceptibility to OM, we had limited knowledge about the genes associated with OM until recently. Read More

Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2020 Apr 21;134:110058. Epub 2020 Apr 21.

ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department, Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine of National Health Commission, Shanghai, China. Electronic address:

Introduction: Otitis media with effusion (OME) is one of the most common pediatric diseases worldwide. Several studies have analyzed the diversity of the microbiomes found in the middle ear effusions (MEEs) of populations from developed countries. However, no microbiological studies of MEEs from Chinese children with OME have been reported. Read More

Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2020 May 8;9(1):60. Epub 2020 May 8.

Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031, Basel, Switzerland.

Background: In Switzerland, oral antibiotics are dispensed in packs rather than by exact pill-count. We investigated whether available packs support compliance with recommended primary care treatment regimens for common infections in children and adults.

Methods: Hospital-based guidelines for oral community -based treatment of acute otitis media, sinusitis, tonsillopharyngitis, community-acquired pneumonia and afebrile urinary tract infection were identified in 2017 in an iterative process by contacting hospital pharmacists and infectious diseases specialists. Read More

PLoS One 2020 8;15(5):e0232839. Epub 2020 May 8.

Department of Pediatrics, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.

Background/objective: The effects of otitis media on the function of the central auditory nervous system in different populations is unknown. Understanding how the history of otitis media affects children from different nations will guide health professionals worldwide on the importance of adequate auditory stimulus in childhood. For this reason, the aim of the present study was to investigate the long-term auditory effects of middle ear disease on temporal processing and P300 in two different populations of children: Australian and Brazilian. Read More

Ear Nose Throat J 2020 May 8:145561320924146. Epub 2020 May 8.

Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of New Mexico Hospital, NM, USA.

Malignancy of hematopoietic origin comprises a large portion of all pediatric malignancies; however, it is uncommon for patients with this condition to present only with symptoms related to temporal bone involvement. Here, we report a case of Burkitt Lymphoma of the temporal bone in an 8-year-old patient who initially presented with symptoms of acute otitis media. Additionally, we review the current literature on pediatric hematopoietic malignancy with primary temporal bone involvement and discuss the clinical presentation, management, and outcomes of these rare cases. Read More