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Healthcare (Basel) 2022 May 25;10(6). Epub 2022 May 25.

Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu 42415, Korea.

Patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) experience a high osteoporosis incidence, which increases fracture risk. Recently, a sclerostin antibody was introduced as a target biomarker to treat osteoporosis. We aimed to determine the serum concentration of sclerostin and factors affecting its concentration over time. Read More

Cancer Cell Int 2022 Jun 2;22(1):207. Epub 2022 Jun 2.

Skull Base Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

PTENP1 is a long non-coding RNA which has been regarded as a pseudogene of the PTEN tumor suppressor gene. However, it has been shown to be a biologically active transcript that can function as a competing endogenous RNA and enhance expression of PTEN protein. This lncRNA has two transcripts, namely PTENP1-202 and PTENP1-202 with sizes of 3996 and 1215 bps, respectively. Read More

J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 2022 06;22(2):212-234

Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wolfson Building, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK.

Objective: Characterise the spatiotemporal trabecular and cortical bone responses to complete spinal cord injury (SCI) in young rats.

Methods: 8-week-old male Wistar rats received T9-transection SCI and were euthanised 2-, 6-, 10- or 16-weeks post-surgery. Outcome measures were assessed using micro-computed tomography, mechanical testing, serum markers and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Read More

Bone Rep 2022 Jun 21;16:101592. Epub 2022 May 21.

School of Neuroscience and Psychology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.

Objective: Characterise the spatiotemporal responses of trabecular and cortical bone to complete spinal cord injury (SCI) in the skeletally mature rat in the acute (4-week) period following injury.

Methods: The spinal cord of 5-month old male rats was transected at the T9 level. Outcome measures were assessed using micro-computed tomography, three-point bending and serum markers at 1-, 2-, and 4-weeks post-transection. Read More

Arch Osteoporos 2022 05 12;17(1):78. Epub 2022 May 12.

Department of Orthopaedics, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China.

This study provides a national estimate of the incidence of hospitalizations and assesses the clinical features and outcomes during inpatient admission due to osteoporotic fractures diagnosed by ICD-10-CM/PCS among the elderly in the USA, using the US Nationwide Inpatient Sample, 2016-2018.

Purpose: To provide a national estimate of the incidence of hospitalizations and assess the clinical features and outcomes during inpatient admission due to osteoporotic fractures (OFs) among the elderly in the USA.

Methods: The study included all inpatients aged 65 years and older who participated in the US Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS). Read More

Cureus 2022 Mar 23;14(3):e23434. Epub 2022 Mar 23.

Orthopaedics, KAT Attica General Hospital, Athens, GRC.

Background: Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes rapid osteoporosis below the level of injury in a multi-factorial manner. This literature review focused on the early diagnosis of low bone mass (LBM) in SCI patients and aimed to summarize all the available recent data on the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis in this unique patient population.  Materials and Methods: Advanced literature research was conducted in the online PubMed database using the keywords 'bone mineral density, 'spinal cord injury, 'skeletal fragility', and 'osteoporotic fractures'. Read More

Int J Mol Sci 2022 Apr 11;23(8). Epub 2022 Apr 11.

Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp. 72 Av., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland.

This review describes the role of CXCL1, a chemokine crucial in inflammation as a chemoattractant for neutrophils, in physiology and in selected major non-cancer diseases. Due to the vast amount of available information, we focus on the role CXCL1 plays in the physiology of bones, bone marrow, muscle and the nervous system. For this reason, we describe its effects on hematopoietic stem cells, myoblasts, oligodendrocyte progenitors and osteoclast precursors. Read More

J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022 Apr 22. Epub 2022 Apr 22.

Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Ave., HSE901, San Francisco, CA.

Purpose: Heterotopic ossification (HO) is a process by which bone forms abnormally in soft tissues. Known risk factors for developing HO include male sex, spinal cord injury, trauma, and surgery. We investigated additional risk factors in the development of HO after hip arthroplasty. Read More

J Spinal Cord Med 2022 Apr 4:1-8. Epub 2022 Apr 4.

Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of spinal cord injury (SCI)-related osteoporosis and fragility fractures in Thai people with chronic spinal cord injury.

Design: A cross-sectional, observational study.

Setting: Outpatient clinic, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital. Read More

Reg Anesth Pain Med 2022 07 28;47(7):401-407. Epub 2022 Mar 28.

Anesthesiology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA

Introduction: While spinal cord stimulator implant is an increasingly safe procedure, one of the most feared complications is spinal cord injury. Still, literature regarding its incidence remains highly variable. This retrospective analysis aims to evaluate the incidence of spinal cord injury after spinal cord stimulator implant using a large-scale claims database. Read More

Arch Osteoporos 2022 03 19;17(1):51. Epub 2022 Mar 19.

Research Centre for Musculoskeletal Science & Sports Medicine, Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK.

Fibular response to disuse has been described in cross-sectional but not longitudinal studies. This study assessed fibular bone changes in people with spinal cord injury. Fibular bone loss was less than in the tibia and was not correlated together. Read More

J Spinal Cord Med 2022 Mar 7:1-9. Epub 2022 Mar 7.

Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia, USA.

Objective: Analyses of osteoporosis-related fractures in persons with Spinal Cord Injury or Disorder (SCID) using administrative data often exclude pathological fractures (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) codes 733.1x). We examined how often lower extremity "pathological" fractures were secondary to osteoporosis. Read More

J Clin Densitom 2022 Jan 10. Epub 2022 Jan 10.

Department of Veterans Affairs Rehabilitation Research & Development Service National Center for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA; Departments of Medicine and Rehabilitation and Human Performance, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.

Persons with traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) have severe bone loss below the level of lesion with the distal femur (DF) and proximal tibia (PT) being the skeletal regions having the highest risk of fracture. While a reference areal bone mineral density (aBMD) database is available at the total hip (TH) using the combined National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III study and General Electric (GE) combined (GE/NHANES) to calculate T-score (T-score), no such reference database exists for aBMD of the DF, and PT. The primary objectives of this study were (1) to create a reference dataset of young-healthy able-bodied (YHAB) persons to calculate T-score (T-score) values at the DF and PT, (2) to explore the impact of time since injury (TSI) on relative bone loss in the DF and PT regions using the two computation models to determine T-score values, and (3) to determine agreement between T-score values for a cohort of persons with SCI using the (T-score) and (T-score) reference datasets. Read More

Biology (Basel) 2022 Jan 26;11(2). Epub 2022 Jan 26.

Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, TX 77807, USA.

After spinal cord injury (SCI), 80% of individuals are diagnosed with osteopenia or osteoporosis. The dramatic loss of bone after SCI increases the potential for fractures 100-fold, with post-fracture complications occurring in 54% of cases. With the age of new SCI injuries increasing, we hypothesized that a SCI-induced reduction in weight bearing could further exacerbate age-induced bone loss. Read More

Orthop Surg 2022 Mar 11;14(3):577-586. Epub 2022 Feb 11.

Department of Orthopaedic Traumatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.

Objective: To study the effectiveness of a new spinal protection device for preventing and treating osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs) by finite element analysis (FEA).

Methods: One healthy volunteer and one patient with 1-segment lumbar vertebral compression fractures were included in this experimental study. The DICOM files of two different lumbar spiral computed tomography (CT) scans were converted into STL files, and 3D finite element models of the lumbar spine were generated for normal and L1 vertebral fracture spines. Read More

Arch Biochem Biophys 2022 04 24;719:109134. Epub 2022 Jan 24.

Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China.

Osteoporosis is a common complication accompanied by spinal cord injury (SCI) occurrence. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been proved to play a crucial role in the progression of osteoporosis, but their regulating mechanism is unclear. The present study investigated miRNA-19b-3p level in SCI rats induced by modified Allen method, as well as the role of miRNA-19b-3p in osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Read More

Int J Mol Sci 2022 Jan 6;23(2). Epub 2022 Jan 6.

Research Service, Malcom Randall Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) produces paralysis and a unique form of neurogenic disuse osteoporosis that dramatically increases fracture risk at the distal femur and proximal tibia. This bone loss is driven by heightened bone resorption and near-absent bone formation during the acute post-SCI recovery phase and by a more traditional high-turnover osteopenia that emerges more chronically, which is likely influenced by the continual neural impairment and musculoskeletal unloading. These observations have stimulated interest in specialized exercise or activity-based physical therapy (ABPT) modalities (e. Read More

Photoacoustics 2022 Mar 14;25:100320. Epub 2021 Dec 14.

Institute of Acoustics, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.

Photoacoustic (PA) techniques are potential alternatives to histopathology. The physicochemical spectrogram (PCS) generated by the PA measurement at multiple wavelengths can presents the morphology and chemical composition target at multi-biomarkers simultaneously. In this work, via multi-wavelength PA measurements performed on rabbit bone models, we investigated the feasibility of using PCSs for bone health assessment. Read More

J Frailty Sarcopenia Falls 2021 Dec 1;6(4):231-240. Epub 2021 Dec 1.

Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department, KAT Hospital, Kifissia, Greece.

Osteosarcopenia has been proposed as a syndrome in a subset of frail individuals at higher risk of falls, fractures and institutionalization. In this paper, we will go over the translational aspects of sarcopenia and osteoporosis research and highlight outcomes from different interventions. In addition, preventative measures and therapeutic interventions that can benefit both muscle and bone simultaneously will be analysed also. Read More

Endocrinology 2022 01;163(1)

National Center for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury, James J Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10468, USA.

Bone loss is one of the most common complications of immobilization after spinal cord injury (SCI). Whether transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling plays a role in SCI-induced disuse bone loss has not been determined. Thus, 16-week-old male mice underwent sham or spinal cord contusion injury to cause complete hindlimb paralysis. Read More

Phys Ther 2022 01;102(1)

Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.

Objective: Physical therapists develop patient-centered exercise prescriptions to help overcome the physical, emotional, psychosocial, and environmental stressors that undermine a person's health. Optimally prescribing muscle activity for people with disability, such as a spinal cord injury, is challenging because of their loss of volitional movement control and the deterioration of their underlying skeletal systems. This report summarizes spinal cord injury-specific factors that should be considered in patient-centered, precision prescription of muscle activity for people with spinal cord injury. Read More

PLoS One 2021 12;16(10):e0250715. Epub 2021 Oct 12.

Center for Advanced Orthopedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.

Disuse-induced bone loss is seen following spinal cord injury, prolonged bed rest, and exposure to microgravity. We performed whole transcriptomic profiling of cortical bone using RNA sequencing (RNAseq) and RNA molecular barcoding (NanoString) on a hindlimb unloading (HLU) mouse model to identify genes whose mRNA transcript abundances change in response to disuse. Eleven-week old female C57BL/6 mice were exposed to ambulatory loading or HLU for 7 days (n = 8/group). Read More

Clin Radiol 2021 12 25;76(12):941.e1-941.e10. Epub 2021 Sep 25.

Department of Radiology, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, Brazil; Department of Radiology, Hospital Do Coração - HCor and Teleimagem, Rua Desembargador Eliseu Guilherme, 53, 7th Floor, 04004-030, São Paulo, Brazil.

The cervical spine is part of the axial skeleton and is responsible for protecting vital structures, such as the spinal cord and the vertebral arteries and veins. Traumatic injury to the cervical spine occurs in approximately 3% of blunt trauma injuries, and approximately 80% are below the level of C2. The AO Spine society divides the spine into four segments: the upper cervical spine (C0-C2), subaxial spine (C3-C7), thoracolumbar spine, and sacral spine. Read More

Biocell 2021 Sep;45(6):1453-1457

Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.

Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) is a debilitating condition characterized by damage to the spinal cord, resulting in loss of function, mobility, and sensation. Although increasingly prevalent in the US, no FDA-approved therapy exists due to the unfortunate complexity of the condition, and the difficulties of SCI may be furthered by the development of SCI-related complications, such as osteoporosis. SCI demonstrates two crucial stages for consideration: the primary stage and the secondary stage. Read More

Photoacoustics 2021 Dec 26;24:100296. Epub 2021 Aug 26.

Institute of Acoustics, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.

Collagen is an important biomarker of osteoporosis progression. Noninvasive, multispectral, photoacoustic (PA) techniques use pulsed laser light to induce PA signals to facilitate the visualization of chemical components that are strongly related to tissue health. In this study, the feasibility of multi-wavelength PA (MWPA) measurement of the collagen in bone, using the wavelength range of 1300-1800 nm, was investigated. Read More

J Biol Regul Homeost Agents 2021 08 23;35(4). Epub 2021 Jul 23.

Department of Joints, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.

Disuse osteoporosis (DOP) is one of the major consequences of long space flights. DOP also occurs in patients with spinal cord injuries and prolonged bedridden states that can have a severe impact on human health. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are multipotent stromal cells that play an important role in bone homeostasis. Read More

J Bone Miner Res 2021 11 29;36(11):2127-2138. Epub 2021 Jul 29.

Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

A single infusion of zoledronic acid (ZOL) after acute spinal cord injury (SCI) attenuates bone loss at the hip (proximal femur) and knee (distal femur and proximal tibia) for at least 6 months. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of timing and frequency of ZOL over 2 years. In this double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, we randomized 60 individuals with acute SCI (<120 days of injury) to receive either ZOL 5-mg infusion (n = 30) or placebo (n = 30). Read More

Neurotrauma Rep 2021 22;2(1):270-284. Epub 2021 Jun 22.

Department of Neurobiology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA.

Nearly all persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) will develop osteoporosis following injury, and further, up to 50% of all persons with SCI will sustain a fracture during their lives. The unique mechanisms driving osteoporosis following SCI remain unknown. The cannabinoid system modulation of bone metabolism through cannabinoid 1/2 (CB1/2) has been of increasing interest for the preservation of bone mass and density in models of osteoporosis. Read More

Front Neurosci 2021 18;15:682259. Epub 2021 Jun 18.

Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX, United States.

Currently there are approximately 291,000 people suffering from a spinal cord injury (SCI) in the United States. SCI is associated with traumatic changes in mobility and neuralgia, as well as many other long-term chronic health complications, including metabolic disorders, diabetes mellitus, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, osteoporosis, and elevated inflammatory markers. Due to medical advances, patients with SCI survive much longer than previously. Read More

Ann Agric Environ Med 2021 Jun 21;28(2):331-338. Epub 2020 Apr 21.

Medical University, Warsaw, Poland.

Introduction: Spinal cord injury (SCI), which disrupts motor, sensory and autonomic functions, causes significant changes in the functioning of an individual. It is believed that most of the conditions secondary to SCI, i.e. Read More