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J Bone Miner Res 2018 Dec 14. Epub 2018 Dec 14.

Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.

HB-EGF, a member of the EGF superfamily, plays important roles in development and tissue regeneration. However, its functions in skeletal stem cells and skeleton development and growth remain poorly understood. Here, we used the Cre/LoxP system to ablate or express HB-EGF in Dermo1+ mesenchymal stromal cells and their progenies, including chondrocytes and osteoblast lineage cells, and bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). Read More

FASEB J 2018 Dec 14:fj201801474RR. Epub 2018 Dec 14.

Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.

Macroscale loading of bone generates a complex local mechanical microenvironment that drives osteogenesis and bone mechanoadaptation. One such mechanical stimulus generated is hydrostatic pressure (HP); however, the effect of HP on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and the mechanotransduction mechanisms utilized by these cells to sense this stimulus are yet to be fully elucidated. In this study, we demonstrate that cyclic HP is a potent mediator of cytoskeletal reorganization and increases in osteogenic responses in MSCs. Read More

Isr Med Assoc J 2018 Dec;20(12):773-779

Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.

Background: Because fragility fractures have an enormous impact on the practice of medicine and global health systems, effective screening is imperative. Currently, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), which has limited ability to predict fractures, is being used. We evaluated the current literature for a method that may constitute a better screening method to predict fragility fractures. Read More

J Cell Physiol 2018 Dec 12. Epub 2018 Dec 12.

Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

Osteoblasts are terminally differentiated cells with mesenchymal origins, known to possess pivotal roles in sustaining bone microstructure and homeostasis. These cells are implicated in the pathophysiology of various bone disorders, especially osteoporosis. Over the last few decades, strategies to impede bone resorption, principally by bisphosphonates, have been mainstay of treatment of osteoporosis; however, in recent years more attention has been drawn on bone-forming approaches for managing osteoporosis. Read More

Scand J Med Sci Sports 2018 Dec 12. Epub 2018 Dec 12.

Penn State University, Department of Kinesiology, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States.

In estrogen deficient postmenopausal women, osteoporosis shares a common link with cardiovascular disease risk, including endothelial dysfunction. The current study sought to examine associations between bone mineral density (BMD) and endothelial function in estrogen deficient premenopausal women with exercise-associated menstrual disturbances. Recreationally trained women (24. Read More

J Magn Reson Imaging 2018 Dec 12. Epub 2018 Dec 12.

New York Langone Health, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.

Background: Osteoporosis (OP) results in weak bone and can ultimately lead to fracture. Drugs such as glucocorticoids can also induce OP (glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis [GIO]). Bone marrow adipose tissue composition and quantity may play a role in OP pathophysiology, but has not been thoroughly studied in GIO compared to primary OP. Read More

J Cell Physiol 2018 Dec 11. Epub 2018 Dec 11.

Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.

Destructive bone diseases caused by osteolysis are increasing in incidence. They are characterized by an excessive imbalance of osteoclast formation and activation. During osteolysis, the activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways are triggered by receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL), inflammatory factors, and oxidative stress. Read More

Biomed Rep 2018 Dec 2;9(6):491-496. Epub 2018 Oct 2.

Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University, Tokyo 173-8606, Japan.

Osteoporosis is one of the chronic complications seen in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients, and affects patients at high prevalence. The causes of osteoporosis in HIV-infected patients are multiple, and include chronic HIV infection, living habits such as smoking and alcohol consumption, and antiretroviral drug use. Among antiretroviral drugs, protease inhibitors have been reported to be associated with osteoporosis. Read More

Biomed Rep 2018 Dec 3;9(6):483-490. Epub 2018 Oct 3.

Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, P.R. China.

Osteoporosis is a polygenic disorder and has been demonstrated to be associated with ~30 candidate genes, the majority of which have also been implicated in the regulation of bone mineral density (BMD). Vitamin D receptor (VDR) is the candidate gene that has been most extensively studied. Certain studies have reported that the VDR single nucleotide polymorphism ApaI is associated with the risk of osteoporosis in Caucasian and African women. Read More

Semergen 2018 Dec 10. Epub 2018 Dec 10.

Unidad de Salud Pública, Gerencia del Área Sanitaria IV, SESPA, Oviedo, Asturias, España.

Introduction: The aim of this study is to determine the rate of potentially inappropriate prescriptions (PIP) in people older than 64 years of age in Avilés, Asturias, Spain.

Materials And Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in six Health Care Centres. A sample of 400 people was selected, obtained by a random sampling proportional to the population registered in each Health Centre. Read More

J Orthop Surg Res 2018 Dec 13;13(1):318. Epub 2018 Dec 13.

Division of Bio-Prosthodontics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.

Background: Postmenopausal osteoporosis develops due to a deficiency of estrogen that causes a decrease in bone mass and changes in the macro- and micro-architectural structure of the bone, leading to the loss of mechanical strength and an increased risk of fracture. Although the assessment of bone mineral density (BMD) has been widely used as a gold standard for diagnostic screening of bone fracture risks, it accounts for only a part of the variation in bone fragility; thus, it is necessary to consider other determinants of bone strength. Therefore, we aimed to comprehensively evaluate the architectural changes of the bone that influence bone fracture strength, together with the different sensitivities of cortical and trabecular bone in response to ovariectomy (OVX). Read More

BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2018 Dec 13;19(1):441. Epub 2018 Dec 13.

Sunderby Research Unit, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences (orthopaedics), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.

Background: The ankle fracture is one of the most common fractures, increasing in an ageing population, but not generally seen as an osteoporotic fracture. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between different AO/OTA classes of ankle fractures, age, sex and type of trauma.

Methods: Ankle fractures, treated at any of the hospitals in Norrbotten County in Sweden between 2009 and 2013, were retrospectively identified and classified according to the AO/OTA-classification system. Read More

Med Sci (Basel) 2018 Dec 7;6(4). Epub 2018 Dec 7.

Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.

Loss-of-function mutations of the spermine synthase gene () result in Snyder-Robinson Syndrome (SRS), a recessive X-linked syndrome characterized by intellectual disability, osteoporosis, hypotonia, speech abnormalities, kyphoscoliosis, and seizures. As SMS catalyzes the biosynthesis of the polyamine spermine from its precursor spermidine, SMS deficiency causes a lack of spermine with an accumulation of spermidine. As polyamines, spermine, and spermidine play essential cellular roles that require tight homeostatic control to ensure normal cell growth, differentiation, and survival. Read More

Nutrients 2018 Dec 7;10(12). Epub 2018 Dec 7.

Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy.

Screening strategies to detect celiac disease (CD) in at-risk subjects are of paramount importance to prevent the possible long-term complications of this condition. It is therefore of strategic relevance to understand whether patients diagnosed through screening follow a strict gluten-free diet (GFD), as the non-compliance to this diet can make screening efforts pointless. Currently, no studies have verified whether CD patients diagnosed in their adulthood are adhering to the GFD years after the diagnosis. Read More

Nutrition 2018 Sep 5;60:87-93. Epub 2018 Sep 5.

Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, Japan Women's University, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address:

Objective: Vitamin D deficiency is associated with a greater risk for osteoporosis and also influences skeletal muscle functions. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of vitamin D restriction on ovariectomized (OVX) rats fed a high-fat diet.

Methods: Twenty-four 13-wk-old female rats were ovariectomized, and another 6 received a sham operation (Sham). Read More

Bone 2018 Dec 10. Epub 2018 Dec 10.

Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. Electronic address:

Human aging-related changes are exacerbated in cases of disease and cancer, and conversely aging is a catalyst for the occurrence of disease and multimorbidity. For example, old age is the most significant risk factor for cancer and among people who suffer from cancer, >60% are above the age of 65. Oxidative stress and DNA damage, leading to genomic instability and telomere dysfunction, are prevalent in aging and radiation-induced damage and are major cellular events that lead to senescence. Read More

ACS Synth Biol 2018 Dec 13. Epub 2018 Dec 13.

Menaquinone-7 (MK-7), a valuable vitamin K2, plays an important role in the prevention of osteoporosis and cardiovascular calcification. We chose B. subtilis 168 as the chassis for the modular metabolic engineering design to promote the biosynthesis of MK-7. Read More

MMW Fortschr Med 2018 Dec;160(21-22):65-69

, Salinenstraße 8, D-83435, Bad Reichenhall, Deutschland.

Clin Rheumatol 2018 Dec 12. Epub 2018 Dec 12.

Hospital Cosme Argerich, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Osteoporosis is characterized by the loss of bone mass, deterioration of the bone microarchitecture, and an increased risk of fractures; these later complications are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The asymptomatic and progressive nature of osteoporosis underscores the importance of identifying this entity in early stages. Despite the various treatments available, the prevention of the disease represents the most important aspect of management. Read More

Geriatr Orthop Surg Rehabil 2018 11;9:2151459318799856. Epub 2018 Nov 11.

Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.

Introduction: Distal femoral fractures in elderly population had recorded an increase in incidence in the last 2 decades. Lateral distal femoral locking plating is considered one of the best options especially when dealing with comminuted fractures but varus collapse of the medial femoral condyle occurs frequently in patients with osteoporosis. Anatomical reduction of the fracture with stable rigid fixation using double-plating approach allows early mobilization of geriatric population and prevents varus collapse minimizing the comorbidities in such fractures. Read More

Exp Ther Med 2018 Dec 3;16(6):5047-5052. Epub 2018 Oct 3.

Department of Orthopedics, Zhangjiagang Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Zhangjiagang, Jiangsu 215600, P.R. China.

The effect of epimedium extracting solution on bone mineral density (BMD) of steroid-induced avascular necrosis of femoral head (SANFH) in rats was evaluated to further explore its function mechanism. Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (male/female: 1/1) were randomly divided into three groups: the control (n=8), the glucocorticoid (n=8) and the epimedium (n=8) group. Rats in the glucocorticoid and the epimedium group were injected with prednisolone acetate injection in gluteal muscles with 15 mg/kg/day twice a week. Read More

Exp Ther Med 2018 Dec 19;16(6):4722-4728. Epub 2018 Sep 19.

Department of Pediatrics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, P.R. China.

Osteoporosis is liable to affect patients with gonadal hormone deficiency, and a supplement of androgens may be used to increase bone density of patients with osteoporosis. Since the androgens currently used may cause severe side effects, it is useful to investigate the effect of other androgens and progestin on bone improvement. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of pregnenolone (Preg), androstenedione (AD), etiocholanolone (Etio), androsterone (An), nandrolone (NA) and testosterone (T) on the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts for potential clinical applications. Read More

Arch Bronconeumol 2018 Dec 9. Epub 2018 Dec 9.

Escola Paulista de Medicina at the Federal University of São Paulo (EPM/Unifesp) , São Paulo (SP), Brazil. Electronic address:

Background: Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease characterized by low bone mass and/or microarchitectural deterioration of bone. Osteoporosis is a risk factor for fractures specially in patients with advanced COPD. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine the frequency of osteoporosis and vertebral fracture in COPD patients. Read More

J Bras Nefrol 2018 Nov 29. Epub 2018 Nov 29.

Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.

Renal osteodystrophy (ROD), a group of metabolic bone diseases secondary to chronic kidney disease (CKD), still represents a great challenge to nephrologists. Its management is tailored by the type of bone lesion - of high or low turnover - that cannot be accurately predicted by serum biomarkers of bone remodeling available in daily clinical practice, mainly parathyroid hormone (PTH) and alkaline phosphatase (AP). In view of this limitation, bone biopsy followed by bone quantitative histomorphometry, the gold-standard method for the diagnosis of ROD, is still considered of paramount importance. Read More

Oxid Med Cell Longev 2018 5;2018:1752940. Epub 2018 Nov 5.

Department of Biomedical and Specialist Surgical Sciences, Section of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.

Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) and lipoprotein phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) may exert an important protective role by preventing the oxidative transformation of high- and low-density lipoproteins (HDL and LDL, respectively). The activity of both enzymes is influenced by lipidome and proteome of the lipoprotein carriers. T2DM typically presents significant changes in the molecular composition of the lipoprotein subclasses. Read More

Front Pharmacol 2018 16;9:1314. Epub 2018 Nov 16.

Department of Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.

(BF) extract, a natural product with anti-inflammatory properties, has been traditionally used to treat menopausal symptoms, but its role in osteoporosis, another serious health concern of menopausal women, remains unknown. Here we investigated whether and how BF prevents estrogen deficiency-induced bone loss using both and models. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were ovariectomized (OVX) and subjected to oral BF treatment daily for 8 weeks. Read More

J Bone Miner Metab 2018 Dec 6. Epub 2018 Dec 6.

Department of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan.

Limited data are available on the safety and efficacy of anti-resorptive agents, particularly once-monthly bisphosphonates, for use in osteoporotic patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). We conducted a post hoc analysis of data from a 12-month, randomized, double-blind, phase III study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of once-monthly risedronate (RIS-OM) 75 mg tablets in Japanese osteoporosis patients with mild-to-moderate CKD. Patients who received RIS-OM 75 mg were stratified by baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR; ≥ 90, ≥ 60 to < 90, or ≥ 30 to < 60 mL/min/1. Read More

J Acoust Soc Am 2018 Nov;144(5):2937

Department of Mechanical Engineering, École de Technologie Supérieure, 1100 Notre-Dame Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3C1K3, Canada.

Bone quality assessment for osteoporosis diagnosis is usually performed using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry or X-ray quantitative computed tomography. Recent research demonstrated that both methods are inaccurate in diagnosing osteoporosis since they rely only on the bone mineral density. The literature on bone quantitative ultrasound suggests that ultrasonic waves are sensitive to multiple significant bone parameters such as mechanical properties, the bone volume fraction, and the micro-architecture. Read More

PLoS One 2018 12;13(12):e0208806. Epub 2018 Dec 12.

Department of Research, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Aims: Recently, the clinical importance of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and its protective role against several chronic diseases like cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis and several types of cancers has been reported. However, its association with cardio-metabolic risk factors among patients candidate for coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) has not been evaluated yet. CABG is associated with increased oxidative stress and free radicals; so, the current study was aimed to evaluate the potential association of TAC with cardiovascular risk factors among patients candidate for CABG. Read More

Rev Gastroenterol Peru 2018 Jul-Sep;38(3):280-284

Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad Nacional San Luis Gonzaga. Ica, Perú; Sociedad Científica de Estudiantes de Medicina de Ica (SOCEMI). Ica, Perú.

Gaucher disease is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder characterized by deficiency of beta-glucosidase that would lead to the accumulation of glucosylceramide mainly in cells of the mononuclear phagocytic system causing systemic effectations. We present a patient of twenty years who is suffering from chronic pain in the left hypochondrium with episodes of bleeding for 3 years and sensation of thermal rise, physical examination revealed jaundice and massive splenomegaly, without neurological involvement. Severe osteoporosis, pancytopenia, and the presence of portal vein thrombosis with cavernomatous transformation complicated by portal biliopathy simulating a klatskin tumor, marrow and enzymatic studies were compatible with Gaucher disease, were shown as unexpected findings. Read More

Health Promot Chronic Dis Prev Can 2018 Dec;38(12):445-454

Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.

Introduction: This study provides a benchmark for the nationwide use of osteoporosis screening, prevention and management strategies among Canadians aged 40 years and older (40+) using data collected one year prior to the release of Osteoporosis Canada's latest (2010) clinical practice guidelines.

Methods: Data are from the 2009 Canadian Community Health Survey-Osteoporosis Rapid Response Component. The study sample (n = 5704) was divided into four risk subgroups: (1) osteoporosis diagnosis and major fracture; (2) osteoporosis diagnosis only; (3) major fracture only; or (4) neither osteoporosis diagnosis nor major fracture. Read More

Physiol Rev 2019 Jan;99(1):781-805

Department of Medicine, University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand.

Calcitonin was discovered over 50 yr ago as a new hormone that rapidly lowers circulating calcium levels. This effect is caused by the inhibition of calcium efflux from bone, as calcitonin is a potent inhibitor of bone resorption. Calcitonin has been in clinical use for conditions of accelerated bone turnover, including Paget's disease and osteoporosis; although in recent years, with the development of drugs that are more potent inhibitors of bone resorption, its use has declined. Read More

Osteoporos Int 2018 Dec 12. Epub 2018 Dec 12.

Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing St., Taipei, 110, Taiwan.

We performed a meta-analysis of relevant studies to quantify the magnitude of the association between proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and risk of hip fracture. Patients with PPIs had a greater risk of hip fracture than those without PPI therapy (RR 1.20, 95% CI 1. Read More

Osteoporos Int 2018 Dec 11. Epub 2018 Dec 11.

Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 23 Youzheng Road, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, People's Republic of China.

Combination therapy with parathyroid hormone (PTH) analogs and antiresorptive agents may be more effective than monotherapy for the treatment of osteoporosis. This study aimed to estimate the effectiveness and safety of this combination therapy for osteoporosis. MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library were searched from inception to May 1, 2018, including randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with a duration of at least 6 months on adults with osteoporosis treated with combination therapy versus monotherapy. Read More

Osteoporos Int 2018 Dec 11. Epub 2018 Dec 11.

Shuwa General Hospital, 1200 Tanihara-shinden, Kasukabe, Saitama, 344-0035, Japan.

I have, as the Principal Investigator of this study, identified an error in the computation of TBS values in the JPOS cohort, which resulted in the publication of incorrect TBS absolute values [1]. This error was linked to the calibration process for calculating standardized TBS values in the R&D TBS. Read More

BMJ Open Ophthalmol 2018 17;3(1):e000180. Epub 2018 Nov 17.

Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Children's Hospital, National Center for Children's Health, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.

Objective: To evaluate the ophthalmic phenotypes associated with T-cell immune regulator 1 (TCIRG1) mutations in Chinese patients with infantile malignant osteopetrosis (IMO).

Methods And Analysis: 27 Chinese TCIRG1-related osteoporosis infants were enrolled using direct DNA sequencing of PCR-amplified exons. 12 cases had frameshift mutation (the frameshift mutation group, group F), and 15 cases had point mutation (the point mutation group, group P). Read More

Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018 Dec 8. Epub 2018 Dec 8.

Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Artificial Joints Engineering and Technology Research Center of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi province, 330006, China; Multidisciplinary Therapy Center of Musculoskeletal Tumor, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi province, 330006, China. Electronic address:

The receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) ligand (RANKL)-RANK regulatory axis is a major regulator of osteoclast differentiation and activation. Icariin, a flavonol glycoside isolated from the Epimedium herb, has been reported to prevents bone loss in ovariectomized mice and inhibits wear particle-induced osteolysis. However, the molecular mechanism through which icariin inhibits RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis has not been fully understood. Read More

Bone 2018 Dec 8. Epub 2018 Dec 8.

Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Geriatric Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.

Background: Lower skeletal muscle density, indicating greater infiltration of adipose tissue into muscles, is associated with higher fracture risk in older adults. We aimed to determine whether mid-calf muscle density is associated with falls risk and bone health in community-dwelling older adults.

Methods: 2214 community-dwelling men and women who participated in the Healthy Ageing Initiative (Sweden) study at age 70 were included in this analysis. Read More

Clin Chim Acta 2018 Dec 8. Epub 2018 Dec 8.

Department of Molecular Immunodiagnostics, ICMR-National Institute for Research In Reproductive Health, Jehangir Merwanji Street, Parel, Mumbai, India. Electronic address:

Background: Serum Osteocalcin (OC) is a biomarker for evaluating bone turnover in humans. Commercial kits of OC in India are imported, hence expensive prohibiting their use in routine screening of osteoporosis. The present study describes the development, validation of human OC ELISA and establishes cut off values for its use in screening and management of women at risk for osteoporosis. Read More

J Bone Miner Res 2018 Dec 7. Epub 2018 Dec 7.

Department of Internal Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

Concerns about the effects of gender-affirming hormonal treatment (HT) on bone mineral density (BMD) in transgender people exist, particularly regarding the decrease in estrogen concentrations in transmen. Although it is known that HT is safe for BMD in the short term, long-term follow-up studies are lacking. Therefore this study aimed to investigate the change in BMD during the first 10 years of HT, to determine whether HT is safe and if assessing BMD during HT is necessary. Read More

J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2018 Dec 10:e22261. Epub 2018 Dec 10.

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey.

Novel substituted thiophene derivatives (1, 2a-e, 3, and 4) were synthesized and their structures were characterized by infrared radiation, nuclear magnetic resonance, and mass analysis. These novel substituted thiophene derivatives were effective inhibitor compounds of the carbonic anhydrase I and II isozymes (hCA I and II), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme with K values in the range of 447.28 to 1004. Read More

J Bone Miner Res 2018 Dec 7. Epub 2018 Dec 7.

Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.

An ASBMR task force recommends a drug holiday for certain women treated for ≥5 years with oral alendronate or ≥3 years with intravenous zoledronic acid, with reassessment 2-3 years later. It is not known whether changes in BMD or bone turnover markers differ after oral or intravenous therapy. Our goal was to compare changes in BMD and procollagen type I N propeptide, PINP, after oral or intravenous bisphosphonate use. Read More

Am J Hematol 2018 Dec 8. Epub 2018 Dec 8.

Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.

Overview: Systemic mastocytosis (SM) results from a clonal proliferation of abnormal mast cells (MC) in extra-cutaneous organs.

Diagnosis: The major criterion is presence of multifocal clusters of abnormal MC in the bone marrow. Minor diagnostic criteria include elevated serum tryptase level, abnormal MC CD25 expression, and presence of KITD816V mutation. Read More

J Bone Miner Res 2018 Dec 7. Epub 2018 Dec 7.

Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN.

The optimal approach to osteoporosis screening and treatment in postmenopausal women is unclear. We compared 1) the United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) and Osteoporosis Canada osteoporosis screening strategies; and 2) the National Osteoporosis Foundation (NOF) and Canadian treatment strategies. We used data from the prospective Women's Health Initiative Observational Study and Clinical Trials of women aged 50-79 years at baseline (n = 117,707 followed for self-reported fractures; n = 8,134 in bone mineral density [BMD] subset). Read More

J Bone Miner Res 2018 Dec 7. Epub 2018 Dec 7.

East China Normal University and Shanghai Changzheng Hospital Joint Research Center for Orthopedic Oncology, Department of orthopedic oncology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.

Osteoporosis is a global bone disease characterized by reduced bone mineral density (BMD) and increased risk of fractures. The risk of developing osteoporosis increases with aging, especially after menopause in women. Discovering the signaling pathways which play a significant role in aging- and menopause-induced osteoporosis should accelerate osteoporosis drug discovery. Read More

Br J Clin Pharmacol 2018 Dec 11. Epub 2018 Dec 11.

Endocrinology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.

Potent antiresorptive drugs (bisphosphonate and denosumab) are often used to protect bone health in postmenopausal breast cancer patients. In addition, clinical trials have shown that these drugs increase disease-free survival, though the mechanism of adjuvant benefit is largely unknown. Here we review the bone health and adjuvant data for both classes of antiresorptive drugs and highlight differences in their pharmacology. Read More

Osteoporos Int 2018 Dec 8. Epub 2018 Dec 8.

Department of Family Medicine, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Wonkwang University Sanbon Hospital, 321, Sanbon-ro, Gunpo-si, 15865, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.

Using a nationwide database from the Korean National Health Insurance Service, this study showed that once-monthly oral ibandronate (150 mg) had better anti-fracture efficacy than once-monthly oral risedronate (150 mg), as seen on assessing overall and non-vertebral fractures among Korean elderly women with osteoporosis.

Introduction: Once-monthly oral bisphosphonates have been used widely without appropriate comparison. Therefore, we aimed to compare the anti-fracture efficacy of once-monthly ibandronate (150 mg) and once-monthly risedronate (150 mg). Read More

Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2018 Dec 7. Epub 2018 Dec 7.

Trauma and Orthopaedics, University Hospitals of North Midlands NHS Trust, Royal Stoke Hospital, Newcastle Road, Stoke-on-Trent, ST4 6QG, UK.

Background: The increasing demand for arthroplasty has resulted in an inevitable rise in the number of periprosthetic fractures around implants. Survival factors looking into patient's comorbidities and how they influence outcome are rare. This study aims to identify correlations between survival post-injury and pre-existing comorbidities. Read More

Int J Mol Med 2018 Dec 6. Epub 2018 Dec 6.

Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) are post‑transcriptional regulators that serve important roles in osteoclastogenesis and bone metabolism; however, the roles of miRNAs have not been completely clarified. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of miR‑100‑5p on the mechanism of liver‑bone endocrine metabolism. A miRNA microarray analysis was conducted to evaluate the miRNA expression profile during receptor activator of nuclear factor‑κB ligand‑stimulated osteoclastogenesis. Read More

J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018 Dec 10. Epub 2018 Dec 10.

Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.

Background: Among the currently available osteoporosis therapeutics, bisphosphonates and denosumab are widely used. However, it remains uncertain which therapy is more effective.

Objective: To determine whether the use of denosumab increases bone mineral density (BMD) and reduces the risk of fractures more than bisphosphonates in patients with low BMD or osteoporosis. Read More