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Cureus 2022 May 20;14(5):e25162. Epub 2022 May 20.

Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, USA.

Treatment for vertebral osteomyelitis varies depending on the extent of pathology and includes both medical and surgical approaches. Pathogen-directed antibiotic therapy is often the first-line treatment, however, refractory cases or those with sepsis, segmental instability, or epidural abscess may be candidates for surgical treatment. Patients with extensive bony destruction often require a corpectomy with the placement of a cage for anterior column reconstruction. Read More

N Z Med J 2022 Jun 10;135(1556):124-126. Epub 2022 Jun 10.

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Canterbury District Health Board.

Calcium sulfate beads (CSBs) are used as a method of delivery of antibiotics in periprosthetic joint infections, non-union and chronic osteomyelitis.[[1-3]] Symptomatic hypercalcaemia can occur as a complication following the insertion of CSBs however it is rare and few cases have been reported.[[4-7]] The cause of hypercalcaemia is poorly understood. Read More

Front Microbiol 2022 3;13:914512. Epub 2022 Jun 3.

Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States.

is an important human pathogen that can infect almost every organ system, resulting in a high incidence of morbidity and mortality. The operon is an important regulator of several staphylococcal phenotypes, including biofilm development, cell wall crosslinking, antibiotic resistance, oxidative stress, and acute and chronic implant-associated osteomyelitis. Our previous study showed that, by modulating murein hydrolase activity, the operon negatively regulates the proteases that govern cell death. Read More

J Orthop 2022 Jul-Aug;32:133-138. Epub 2022 Jun 3.

Department of Orthopedics, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences, Whitefield, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.

The primary objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of use of Vancomycin impregnated bioabsorbable calcium sulphate (VCS) pellets along with surgical debridement to control group without the use of calcium sulphate for chronic osteomyelitis. The secondary objective was comparing the results in different subtypes of chronic osteomyelitis.

Methods: 50 consecutive patients were enrolled in VCS group and control group based on used whether VCS was used in treatment in addition to surgical debridement or not. Read More

Cureus 2022 May 11;14(5):e24922. Epub 2022 May 11.

Otolaryngology, MercyOne North Iowa Medical Center, Mason City, USA.

Pott's puffy tumor (PPT) is a localized forehead swelling with underlying subperiosteal abscess formation and osteomyelitis of the frontal bone. It is a rare complication of frontal sinusitis, and it is especially rare in adult females. A careful review of existing literature identified only 17 cases in adult females. Read More

Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2022 Jun 13;20(1):41. Epub 2022 Jun 13.

Department of Paediatrics, Paediatric Rheumatology and Immune-Inflammatory Diseases, Leuven University Hospitals, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.

Background: To evaluate clinical characteristics, imaging findings, therapeutic approach and outcome of paediatric patients with Chronic Non-Bacterial Osteomyelitis (CNO).

Methods: Retrospective review of 30 children diagnosed with CNO at two tertiary care centres in Belgium. Imaging data were evaluated by blinded paediatric radiologists. Read More

Br J Neurosurg 2022 Jun 13:1-5. Epub 2022 Jun 13.

Department of Neurosurgery Royal, Sussex County Hospital, Brighton, UK.

Background: Xanthogranulomatous Osteomyelitis is a rare form of chronic inflammation described in a handful of cases in the reported literature involving the long bones of the axial skeleton. To the authors knowledge it has not been reported in the spinal column.

Case: We report a case of a 65 year old female presenting with features of metastatic cord compression and an expansile lesion affecting the 5th -7th cervical vertebrae. Read More

J Surg Case Rep 2022 Jun 7;2022(6):rjac196. Epub 2022 Jun 7.

Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Service de Chirurgie Orthopédique et Traumatologique, Bruxelles, Belgium.

The occurrence of a pathological fracture in children requires a rigorous diagnostic approach in order to establish the etiology and to develop a precise therapeutic strategy. Several causes are associated with these fractures, the most frequent being benign tumors in children in developed countries and chronic osteomyelitis in developing countries. More rarely, malignant tumors must however always be considered. Read More

BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2022 Jun 9;23(1):557. Epub 2022 Jun 9.

Department of Orthopaedics, Second affiliated hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China.

Background: The choice of bone substitutes for the treatment of infected bone defects (IBDs) has attracted the attention of surgeons for years. However, single-stage bioabsorbable materials that are used as carriers for antibiotic release, as well as scaffolds for BMSC sheets, need further exploration. Our study was designed to investigate the effect of vancomycin-loaded calcium sulfate hemihydrate/nanohydroxyapatite/carboxymethyl chitosan (CSH/n-HA/CMCS) hydrogels combined with BMSC sheets as bone substitutes for the treatment of IBDs. Read More

Mod Pathol 2022 Jun 7. Epub 2022 Jun 7.

National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, PR China.

Chronic diffuse sclerosing osteomyelitis of the mandible (DSOM) and fibrous dysplasia (FD) are distinct lesions with overlapping clinicopathological features that complicate their diagnosis. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of GNAS mutation analysis in differentiating between these two conditions. DNA samples from patients with DSOM (n = 35) and FD (n = 29) were collected to analyze the presence of GNAS mutations in exons 8 and 9, the two previously reported hotspot regions, using polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing. Read More

Pediatr Radiol 2022 Jun 7. Epub 2022 Jun 7.

Pediatric Radiology Department, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington School of Medicine, 4800 Sand Point Way N.E, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA.

Background: Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO) is a diagnosis of exclusion, relying heavily on whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (WB-MRI) for diagnosing and evaluating response to therapy. Information with respect to disease distribution and imaging correlation with clinical disease severity at initial presentation is lacking.

Objective: To retrospectively characterize distribution of disease on WB-MRI and to correlate imaging findings with disease severity at initial rheumatology presentation. Read More

Eplasty 2021 9;21:e9. Epub 2021 Sep 9.

Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL.

Introduction: Bony defects resulting from trauma, osteomyelitis, and tumor resection pose significant reconstructive challenges. Free fibular flaps (FFFs) are an excellent option, especially for large defects in the tibia.

Case Presentation: In this article, the authors review a case of a 60-year-old male who underwent FFF and fibular graft double-strut tunneling to fill a large tibial plateau defect. Read More

Biomimetics (Basel) 2022 May 20;7(2). Epub 2022 May 20.

3B's Research Group, I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Portugal.

Osteomyelitis is an inflammation of the bone caused by bacterial infection. It usually develops from broken bones, decayed teeth, or heavily punctured wounds. Multi-drug-resistant bacteria are the major hurdle in the treatment of osteomyelitis. Read More

Orbit 2022 Jun 1:1-7. Epub 2022 Jun 1.

Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology, and Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto - University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.

We describe two cases of extensive indolent calvarial osteomyelitis after rhino-orbital-mucormycosis in diabetic patients previously diagnosed with COVID-19. Both patients presented with acute rhino-orbital symptoms about one month after being diagnosed with COVID-19. Treatment with intravenous liposomal Amphotericin B and prompt radical surgical debridement was instituted, but calvarial osteomyelitis ensued and persisted chronically despite maintenance of antifungal therapy and partial debridement of necrotic calvarial bone. Read More

Int J Mol Sci 2022 May 22;23(10). Epub 2022 May 22.

Rheumatology Clinic, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by a wide variability of clinical manifestations due to the potential involvement of several tissues and internal organs, with a relapsing and remitting course. Dysregulation of innate and adaptive immune systems, due to genetic, hormonal and environmental factors, may be responsible for a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations, affecting quality of life, morbidity and mortality. Bone involvement represents one of the most common cause of morbidity and disability in SLE. Read More

Diagnostics (Basel) 2022 May 11;12(5). Epub 2022 May 11.

Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 13353 Berlin, Germany.

Background: Chronic osteomyelitis (OM) is a progressive but mostly low-grade infection of the bones. The management of this disease is highly challenging for physicians. Despite systematic treatment approaches, recurrence rates are high. Read More

Antibiotics (Basel) 2022 Apr 24;11(5). Epub 2022 Apr 24.

Pôle de Médecine Bucco-Dentaire, Service de Chirurgie Orale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims, 51092 Reims, France.

A 15-year-old girl with a history of recurrent painful orofacial swelling was diagnosed on the basis of clinical findings, histopathological examination and imaging modalities as having primary chronic osteomyelitis of the jaw. Initial microbiological samples were performed but were inconclusive. She received multiple empirical antibiotic therapies and NSAIDs for 3 years without complete remission. Read More

Cureus 2022 Apr 20;14(4):e24311. Epub 2022 Apr 20.

Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA.

Rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM) is a fulminant, often fatal, angioinvasive fungal infection commonly transmitted through inhalation of fungal spores and traumatic inoculation. While the literature has documented rare cases of infection in immunocompetent patients, the vast majority of case fatalities are noted in immunosuppressed populations. Common predisposing factors to infection include immunosuppressive therapies, hematologic malignancies, and most notably, uncontrolled diabetes. Read More

Orthop Surg 2022 May 19. Epub 2022 May 19.

Orthopaedic Surgery, Nova Southeastern University Osteopathic Medicine College of Medicine, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, USA.

Charcot arthropathy is an insidious condition affecting the lower limbs of diabetic patients. It is a complication of diabetic neuropathy resulting from subsequent Wallerian degeneration of the nerves. This complication may eventually lead to limb amputation and a poor patient prognosis if not diagnosed and treated successfully. Read More

Cureus 2022 Apr 14;14(4):e24144. Epub 2022 Apr 14.

Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, King Hamad University Hospital, Muharraq, BHR.

Skull base osteomyelitis is an inflammatory process that usually occurs secondary to necrotizing otitis externa or chronic mastoid infections. The involvement of the external auditory canal is typical of this condition and aids in its diagnosis. The treatment of skull base osteomyelitis is often complex and involves long-term intravenous antibiotics. Read More

J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2022 05 24;74(5):e129. Epub 2022 Feb 24.

Division of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics.

Expert Opin Biol Ther 2022 Jun 23;22(6):781-787. Epub 2022 May 23.

Department of Rheumatology, Mohammed Kassab National Institute of Orthopedics Mannouba, Tunisia.

Introduction: Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO) is an autoinflammatory disorder primarily affecting children. It is characterized by a peripheral involvement of the metaphysis of long bones rather than axial involvement. Due to the scarcity of the disease, there are no guidelines regarding its management. Read More

J Pharm Anal 2022 Feb 3;12(1):164-177. Epub 2021 Mar 3.

School of Bio-Science & Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 734432, India.

A multi-barrier antibiotics loaded biodegradable composite bone cement for resolving chronic osteomyelitis has been studied to understand the physico-mechanical properties, drug loading/eluting efficiency, and different merits and demerits prior to clinical application. After successful induction of bone infection in 28 rabbits using methicillin-resistant (MRSA) strains, calcium sulfate/bioactive glass based composite cement was implanted in 12 defects to assess its performance over parenteral therapy with microscopic and radiological examination for 90 days. The composite cement revealed acceptable physico-mechanical properties and controlled drug elution kinetics. Read More

Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za Zhi 2022 May;36(5):619-624

The Microscopic Repair and Reconstruction Department of Hand and Foot, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei Anhui, 230022, P. R. China.

Objective: To explore the effectiveness of anterolateral thigh bridge flap with free skin graft wrapping vascular bridge in repairing complex calf soft tissue defects.

Methods: The clinical data of 11 patients with complex calf soft tissue defects between April 2018 and October 2021 were retrospectively analyzed, including 9 males and 2 females, aged 11-60 years, with a median age of 39 years. There were 8 cases of calf soft tissue defect caused by traffic accident, and 3 cases of calf skin infection caused by chronic osteomyelitis. Read More

Molecules 2022 Apr 27;27(9). Epub 2022 Apr 27.

Department of Nuclear Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark.

Background: [F]FDG and [C]methionine accumulate in lymph nodes draining -infected foci. The lymph nodes were characterized by weight, [C]methionine- and [F]FDG-positron emissions tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT), and immunohistochemical (IHC)-staining.

Methods: 20 pigs inoculated with into the right femoral artery were PET/CT-scanned with [F]FDG, and nine of the pigs were additionally scanned with [C]methionine. Read More

Spec Care Dentist 2022 May 13. Epub 2022 May 13.

Department of Oral Pathology and Diagnosis, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Aims: To report the case of chronic osteomyelitis of a maxilla in a woman with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (DM), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency and mental illness, in an attempt to clarify its pathogenesis and treatment.

Methods And Results: A case of a woman with moderate G6PD deficiency (Class III) who developed bilateral and asynchronous chronic suppurative osteomyelitis (CSO) of her maxilla with extensive bone sequestra, fistulae and whose management was performed by local surgery for bony sequestra and fistulae removal; closure communication under 4 weeks antibiotic cover.

Conclusions: CSO of the jaw may be a complication of the G6PD deficiency and DM and its severity depends on patient's medical status. Read More

Front Vet Sci 2022 26;9:879630. Epub 2022 Apr 26.

Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, TN, United States.

Osteomyelitis is an inflammatory bone disease typically caused by infectious microorganisms, often bacteria, which causes progressive bone destruction and loss. The most common bacteria associated with chronic osteomyelitis is . The incidence of osteomyelitis in the United States is estimated to be upwards of 50,000 cases annually and places a significant burden upon the healthcare system. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2022 May 12;15(5). Epub 2022 May 12.

Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Birmingham Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.

Osteosclerotic metaphyseal dysplasia (OMD) is an extremely rare form of osteopetrosis, which bears significant clinical similarities to dysosteosclerosis (DSS). We aim to present a rare case of OMD with mandibular swelling and osteomyelitis infection including diagnosis journey as well as management in 7-year-old patient. Literature review completed for OMD cases. Read More

Pediatr Neonatol 2022 Apr 27. Epub 2022 Apr 27.

Department of Pediatrics, Santa Maria Delle Croci Hospital, Ravenna, Italy.

Lancet Microbe 2022 May 1;3(5):e382-e391. Epub 2022 Apr 1.

Department of Global Health and Infection, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Falmer, UK. Electronic address:

Background: Mycobacterium chimaera is a slowly growing non-tuberculous mycobacterium associated with outbreaks of fatal infections in patients after cardiac surgery, and it is increasingly being detected in patients with chronic lung conditions. M chimaera can cause disseminated disease, osteomyelitis, and chronic skin or soft-tissue infections. We aimed to find new inhibitory compounds and drug repurposing opportunities for M chimaera, as current therapeutic options often result in poor outcomes. Read More