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Healthcare (Basel) 2022 Jun 8;10(6). Epub 2022 Jun 8.

Department of Morphological Sciences, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, RO-020021 Bucharest, Romania.

Osteochondral lesions (OCLs) that are frequently encountered in skeletally immature and adult patients are more common than once thought, and their incidence rate is rising. These lesions can appear in many synovial joints of the body, such as the shoulder, elbow, hip, and ankle, occurring most often in the knee. The term osteochondral lesion includes a vast spectrum of pathologies such as osteochondritis dissecans, osteochondral defects, osteochondral fractures, and osteonecrosis of the subchondral bone. Read More

J Orthop Res 2022 Jun 18. Epub 2022 Jun 18.

Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.

Juvenile osteochondritis dissecans (JOCD) is a pediatric orthopedic disorder that involves the articular-epiphyseal cartilage complex and underlying bone. Clinical disease is often characterized by the presence of radiographically apparent osteochondral flaps and fragments. The existence of early JOCD lesions (osteochondrosis latens [OCL] and osteochondrosis manifesta [OCM]) that precede the development of osteochondral flaps and fragments is also well recognized. Read More

Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2022 Jun 9. Epub 2022 Jun 9.

Clinica Ortopedica e Traumatologica 2, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via Pupilli 1, 40136, Bologna, Italy.

Purpose: New scaffold-based cartilage regeneration techniques have been developed to improve the results of microfractures also in complex locations like the patello-femoral joint. The aim of this study was to analyse the results obtained in patellar lesions treated with a bioscaffold,  a mixture composed by a chitosan solution, a buffer, and the patient's whole blood  which forms a stable clot into the lesion.

Methods: Fifteen patients with ICRS grade 3-4 cartilage lesions of the patellar surface were treated with a chitosan bioscaffold. Read More

J Pediatr Orthop 2022 Jul 10;42(6):e682-e687. Epub 2022 Mar 10.

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford.

Background: Quality measures provide a way to assess health care delivery and to identify areas for improvement that can inform patient care delivery. When operationalized by a hospital or a payer, quality measures can also be tied to physician or hospital reimbursement. Prior work on quality measures in orthopaedic surgery have identified substantial gaps in measurement portfolios and have highlighted areas for future measure development. Read More

J Med Ultrason (2001) 2022 May 28. Epub 2022 May 28.

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-0934, Japan.

Purpose: This study investigated the usefulness of ultrasonography in medical examinations for detecting elbow injuries, especially capitellar osteochondritis dissecans, among young baseball players.

Methods: Players with current or previous elbow joint pain were enrolled. Medical examinations (range of motion, tenderness, and stress tests) were performed with (2012-2016) or without (2007-2011) ultrasonography. Read More

J Child Orthop 2022 Apr 30;16(2):152-158. Epub 2022 Apr 30.

Miami Orthopedic & Sports Medicine Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL, USA.

Purpose: Injury to or abnormality of developing distal femoral chondroepiphysis blood supply has been implicated in osteochondritis dissecans development. Progressive decrease in epiphyseal cartilage blood supply occurs in normal development; however, based on animal studies, it is hypothesized that there is greater decrease in regions more prone to osteochondritis dissecans lesions. We aimed to quantify differential regional perfusion of the immature distal femoral chondroepiphysis. Read More

Case Rep Orthop 2022 16;2022:6946860. Epub 2022 May 16.

Department of Orthopedics, Civil Hospital, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India.

Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) is a disorder of the subchondral bone affecting the adjacent articular cartilage that may lead to cartilage and bone fragment detachment. It commonly occurs in the knee joint, elbow, wrist, and ankle. Although several surgical concepts have been described to treat OCD (fragment fixation, microfracture, autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI), and mosaicplasty), no gold standard treatment has been accepted for managing OCD. Read More

Phys Sportsmed 2022 May 31:1-9. Epub 2022 May 31.

Division of Sports Medicine, Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

Objectives: Osteochondritis dissecans can result in significant limitations in activity, pain, and early osteoarthritis. There are various treatment modalities to address these defects. The purpose of this study was to provide a qualitative summary of the various treatment options for unstable osteochondritis dissecans in the knee. Read More

Ugeskr Laeger 2022 May;184(19)

Ortopædkirurgisk Afdeling, Hospitalsenhed Midt, Viborg.

In this case report, a six-year-old boy presented with an extension defect of the elbow. There was no known trauma or sports in the patient's prior history. He was diagnosed with Panner's disease. Read More

JSES Int 2022 May 4;6(3):535-538. Epub 2022 Feb 4.

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan.

Trauma Case Rep 2022 Jun 30;39:100644. Epub 2022 Apr 30.

Department of Medicine for Orthopaedics and Motor Organ, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan.

Bisphosphonate treatment has known effects of improving bone mineral density and preventing fractures in children with steroid-induced osteoporosis. However, there have been reports that high-dosage pamidronate therapy induces osteopetrosis in the borders of bones. A 10-year-old boy undergoing long-term treatment with oral alendronate developed frequent fractures throughout adolescence while playing basketball. Read More

Arthrosc Sports Med Rehabil 2022 Apr 15;4(2):e645-e651. Epub 2022 Feb 15.

Division of Orthopaedics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.

Purpose: To assess the postoperative timeline for the return to activities of daily living (ADLs) in pediatric patients after arthroscopic drilling of a stable osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) lesion of the knee and to determine the rate of and risk factors for complications after the procedure.

Methods: In a retrospective chart review, data from all patients aged 18 years or younger who underwent arthroscopic drilling for a stable OCD lesion of either femoral condyle from May 2009 through July 2017 were collected. Demographic data, lesion characteristics, operative data, postoperative course, radiographic outcomes, and complications were recorded. Read More

World J Clin Cases 2022 Mar;10(9):2811-2817

Department of Paediatrics, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213000, Jiangsu Province, China.

Background: Mutations in the aggrecan () gene are identified in patients with: spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia, Kimberley type; short stature with advanced bone age (BA); in the presence or absence of heterozygous mutation-induced early-onset osteoarthritis and/or osteochondritis dissecans; and spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia, ACAN type. Heterozygous mutations contribute to spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia, Kimberley type (MIM#608361), which is a milder skeletal dysplasia. In contrast, homozygous mutations cause a critical skeletal dysplasia, which is called spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia, ACAN type (MIM#612813). Read More

J Orthop Res 2022 Apr 17. Epub 2022 Apr 17.

Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.

Juvenile osteochondritis dissecans (JOCD) is an orthopedic joint disorder of children and adolescents that can lead to premature osteoarthritis. Thirteen patients (mean age: 12.3 years, 4 females), 15 JOCD-affected and five contralateral healthy knees, that had a baseline and a follow-up magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (mean interval of 8. Read More

J Pediatr Orthop 2022 May-Jun 01;42(5):e448-e452

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Redwood City, CA.

Background: This paper aims to report on the last 5 years of relevant research on pediatric foot and ankle pathology with specific focus on clubfoot, congenital vertical talus, toe walking, tarsal coalitions, pes planovalgus with or without accessory navicular, foot and ankle trauma, and talar dome osteochondritis dessicans.

Methods: The Browzine platform was used to review the table of contents for all papers published in the following target journals related to the treatment of pediatric foot and ankle conditions. Search results were further refined to include clinical trials and randomized controlled trials published from March 1, 2015 to November 15, 2021. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2022 Apr 7;15(4). Epub 2022 Apr 7.

Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Klinik Diakonissen Schladming, Schladming, Austria

We present a case report of a man in his 20s with osteochondritis dissecans of the talus, treated with autologous transplantation of a vascularised osteochondral flap. The patient with high level of activity presented to our orthopaedic outpatient department for progressive limping and pain, mainly related to sports. An osteochondritis dissecans grade IV of the medial talus was identified by MRI. Read More

Clin Anat 2022 Apr 6. Epub 2022 Apr 6.

Department of Radiology, Izmir Katip Celebi University Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey.

We aimed to investigate the bone and soft tissue changes accompanying tarsal coalition (TC) and aimed to evaluate their association with the location and type of coalition. Ankle magnetic resonance imagings of 65 patients with TC were included. The relationship between the location and type of coalition and bone marrow edema, subchondral cysts, sinus tarsi syndrome, tarsal tunnel syndrome, posterior impingement syndrome, accessory bone, tibiotalar effusion, talar osteochondritis dissecans, ganglion cysts, and calcaneal spur were evaluated. Read More

Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2022 Apr 2. Epub 2022 Apr 2.

Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.

Introduction: Despite 150 years of research, there are currently no reliable morphological characteristics that can be used to differentiate between stable and unstable juvenile osteochondritis dissecans (JOCD) lesions in the knee joint. Arthroscopic probing is still the gold standard. In arthroscopic evaluation, a previously undescribed pattern of a cartilaginous convex elevation ("hump") was identified as a new feature and potential sign of JOCD in transition to instability. Read More

J Pediatr Orthop 2022 Jul 29;42(6):e649-e655. Epub 2022 Mar 29.

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shimada Hospital, Habikino.

Background: This study aimed to compare the healing outcomes of conservative treatment for osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) of the lateral femoral condyle with normal lateral meniscus and incomplete discoid lateral meniscus (DLM).

Methods: Forty-four knees in 37 juvenile patients (mean age 9.9 y) with stable OCD and whose lateral meniscus shape was normal or incomplete DLM were enrolled. Read More

Foot Ankle Surg 2022 Mar 9. Epub 2022 Mar 9.

Department of Paediatric Surgery and Orthopaedics, Jeanne de Flandre Hospital, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France. Electronic address:

Introduction: The too-long anterior process (TLAP) increases mechanical stress on the hindfoot and could lead to osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLT) by localized hyper-pressure. The purpose of this study is to investigate an association between TLAP and OLT in children.

Methods: This is a retrospective, multicenter, case-control study conducted between 2010 and 2020. Read More

Orthop J Sports Med 2022 Mar 21;10(3):23259671221083582. Epub 2022 Mar 21.

Orthopaedic Biomechanics Laboratory, Congress Medical Foundation, Pasadena, California, USA.

Background: Many procedures to reconstruct osteochondral defects of the elbow radiocapitellar (RC) joint lack versatility or durability or do not directly address the subchondral bone structure and function.

Purpose/hypothesis: To biomechanically characterize the RC joint contact area, force, pressure, and peak pressure before and after reconstruction of osteochondral defects using a novel hybrid reconstructive procedure. It was hypothesized that the procedure would restore the contact characteristics to the intact condition. Read More

Sci Rep 2022 03 25;12(1):5215. Epub 2022 Mar 25.

Rheumatology and Molecular Skeletal Biology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, BMC-C12, 22184, Lund, Sweden.

The cartilage aggrecan proteoglycan is crucial for both skeletal growth and articular cartilage function. A number of aggrecan (ACAN) gene variants have been linked to skeletal disorders, ranging from short stature to severe chondrodyplasias. Osteochondritis dissecans is a disorder where articular cartilage and subchondral bone fragments come loose from the articular surface. Read More

Arthroscopy 2022 Mar 23. Epub 2022 Mar 23.

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, U.S.A. Electronic address:

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of patient sex on outcomes after treatment of osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) lesions of the knee through a systematic review of current evidence.

Methods: This review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines using the PubMed, PubMed Central, Embase, Ovid Medline, Cochrane Libraries, and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) databases. Relevant outcomes included functional (e. Read More

Skeletal Radiol 2022 Mar 24. Epub 2022 Mar 24.

Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Antalya Education and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the anatomical risk factors that may play a role in the etiology of medial-sided osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLT) using morphological parameters in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Subjects And Methods: One hundred twenty-four patients with medial-sided OLT and age- and sex-matched 124 controls were included in this retrospective study. Two examiners conducted independent OLT classification and measurements of five MRI parameters: tibial axis-medial malleolus angle (TMM), the anterior opening angle of the talus (AOT), talus position (TalPos), the ratio of the distal tibial articular surface to the length of the trochlea tali arc (TAS/TAL), depth of the incisura fibularis (IncDep). Read More

Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2022 Mar 10. Epub 2022 Mar 10.

Clinica Veterinaria Vezzoni, Cremona, Italy.

Objectives:  The aim of this study was to describe the clinical application and outcome of osteochondral autograft transfer using the COR system (COR; DePuy Synthes, Warsaw, Indiana, United States) for the treatment of osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) of the femoral condyle in dogs.

Methods:  Medical records of dogs that were treated for OCD of the femoral condyle using the COR system between February 2013 and March 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. The results of pre- and postoperative clinical and radiographic examinations were evaluated. Read More

Arthrosc Tech 2022 Mar 28;11(3):e435-e440. Epub 2022 Feb 28.

Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical Center-Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Germany.

This Technical Note describes the full arthroscopic one-stage treatment of high-grade osteochondritis dissecans of the humeral capitellum of the elbow joint by means of minced cartilage implantation. Read More

Arthrosc Tech 2022 Mar 8;11(3):e285-e290. Epub 2022 Feb 8.

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.

Osteochondritis dissecans of the humeral trochlea is a rare cause of elbow pain adolescents. Despite being a juvenile form of osteochondritis dissecans, spontaneous resolution is not uniform, and more than one-half of patients experience ongoing pain, crepitus and loss of motion. Traditionally, nonsurgical management has been favoured as distal trochlea articular lesions were only accessible via olecranon osteotomy. Read More

J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2022 Jun 2;31(6):1231-1241. Epub 2022 Mar 2.

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan.

Background And Hypothesis: Stable lesions of osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) of the capitellum have been treated with activity restriction (AR), and the complete healing requires 1 or 2 years. Little is known about the effectiveness of elbow immobilization. We hypothesized that elbow immobilization would have positive effects on healing of stable OCD. Read More

J Pediatr Orthop 2022 May-Jun 01;42(5):e486-e491

Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital.

Background: The novel Kocher classification is a 3-group magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) classification system for osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) of the knee that was shown to have comparable reliability to that of the established 5-group Hefti classification. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity and clinical utility of this simplified system as an alternative to the Hefti classification.

Methods: Demographic data and arthroscopic findings were retrospectively collected from medical and surgical records of 144 consecutive knees in children with arthroscopically diagnosed knee OCD. Read More

Radiographics 2022 May-Jun;42(3):861-879. Epub 2022 Feb 25.

From the Divisions of Musculoskeletal Radiology (A.C.d.L.A., P.C.K.G., M.A.F.C., A.C.O.R., L.C.P., A.Y.A.) and Pediatric Radiology (M.S.T., T.D.G.), Laboratório Delboni Auriemo, DASA, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil (A.C.d.L.A., A.Y.A.); Department of Radiology, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (D.V.F.); Department of Medical Imaging, Hematology and Clinical Oncology Ribeirão Preto Medical School, USP Ribeirão Preto, Brazil (M.H.N.B.); and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri Health Care, Columbia, Mo (M.H.N.B.).

The growing skeleton undergoes well-described and predictable normal developmental changes, which may be misinterpreted a as pathologic condition at imaging. Primary and secondary ossification centers (SOCs), which form the diaphysis and the epiphysis of long bones, respectively, are formed by endochondral and intramembranous ossification processes. During skeletal maturation, the SOCs may appear irregular and fragmented, which should not be confused with fractures, osteochondritis dissecans, and osteochondrosis. Read More