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Surg Neurol Int 2020 11;11:186. Epub 2020 Jul 11.

Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Institute, Allegheny General Hospital, Drexel University College of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States.

Background: The minimally invasive approaches to the anterior skull base region through fronto-orbital craniotomy remain a highly accepted option that gains countenance and predilection over time. The transpalpebral "eyelid" incision is an under-utilized and more recent technique that offers a safe efficient corridor to manage a wide variety of lesions.

Methods: We carried a retrospective study of 44 patients operated on by the fronto-orbital craniotomy through transpalpebral "eyelid" incision for intracranial tumors, in the time period from March 2007 to July 2016. Read More

BMC Infect Dis 2020 Aug 3;20(1):566. Epub 2020 Aug 3.

Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, 377-2, Ohonohigashi, Osakasayama-shi, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan.

Background: Subtenon injection of triamcinolone acetonide (STTA) has been widely adopted in the clinical setting of ophthalmology and its infectious complications are rare. However, orbital abscess following STTA has been reported in seven cases. Furthermore, although eye infections due to Exophiala species are uncommon, there have been 19 cases to date. Read More

J Infect 2020 Jul 31. Epub 2020 Jul 31.

Department of Global Health and Infection, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Falmer, UK; Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, Brighton, UK. Electronic address:

Objectives: Compared with guideline recommendations, antibiotic overuse is common in treating cellulitis. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analyses on antibiotic route and duration of treatment for cellulitis in adults and children.

Methods: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE and trial registries from inception to Dec 11, 2019 for interventional and observational studies of antibiotic treatment for cellulitis. Read More

Int J Surg Case Rep 2020 Jul 16;73:263-267. Epub 2020 Jul 16.

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Leuven University Hospitals, Leuven, Belgium; OMFS-IMPATH Research Group, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.

Introduction: Subperiosteal orbital abcess is a rarely reported complication of odontogenic infections and can be associated visual impairment and neurological symptoms. Because of fast infection spreading, delay in diagnosis and treatment can result in permanent damage.

Presentation Of Case: A 55-year old presented with a right-sided subperiosteal orbital abscess originating from a decayed first upper molar. Read More

Rom J Ophthalmol 2020 Apr-Jun;64(2):116-121

Discipline of Ophthalmology, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iași, Romania; "Sf. Spiridon" Hospital, Iaşi, Romania.

This study aimed to determine the most frequent clinical aspects in patients with odontogenic orbital inflammation, the computed tomography (CT) aspect, and the most appropriate treatment. This is a retrospective case-series study conducted on 3 patients with ages between 16 and 55 years old, in the Ophthalmology and Oro-Maxillo-Facial Clinics of "Sf. Spiridon" Emergency Hospital, Iași, Romania. Read More

Turk Pediatri Ars 2020 19;55(2):207-209. Epub 2020 Jun 19.

Department of Medical Microbiology, İstanbul University, İstanbul Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey.

Invasive fungal infections may cause morbidity and mortality in pediatric patients with hematologic and oncologic malignancies treated with intensive protocols. We present a case of mucormycosis in an 8-year-old boy with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. In our patient, the suspicion for an oculoorbital and paranasal infection only due to mild pain in the orbital area without any abnormal pathologic findings in the ophthalmologic and otolaryngologic examination, led us to an early diagnosis. Read More

Ital J Pediatr 2020 Jul 14;46(1):97. Epub 2020 Jul 14.

Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza 35,20122, Milan, Italy.

Background: Complications of acute sinusitis affecting multiple sites are very uncommon, and generally develop for a delayed diagnosis of the primary infection, with possible severe and life-threatening evolution. Patients can have variable presentations according to the site and extent of the infection. Multiple forms generally include the coexistence of orbital manifestations and intracranial infections. Read More

Neurol India 2020 May-Jun;68(3):630-635

Department of Neurology, King George's Medical University, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Background: Neurological presentation with isolated multiple cranial nerve palsies is common and its diverse causes include infectious, neoplastic, and inflammatory pathologies. The aetiological spectrum may depend upon geographical regions. We undertook this study to explore clinical spectrum and aetiological profile of multiple cranial nerve palsies. Read More

Dis Mon 2020 Jul 1:101044. Epub 2020 Jul 1.

Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States; Department of Surgery, Northshore University HealthSystem, 2050 Pfingsten Rd., Ste. 280, Glenview, IL 60026, United States. Electronic address:

Preseptal cellulitis and postseptal (orbital) cellulitis represent a spectrum of orbital infections which a primary care provider and ophthalmologist may see during practice. Most often these conditions occur through spread from the sinuses, though there are a variety of other inciting factors. These conditions can both present with erythema and edema, but a complete and thorough exam can help a practitioner differentiate the two. Read More

Front Public Health 2020 3;8:204. Epub 2020 Jun 3.

Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.

Methicillin-resistant (MRSA) is a common cause of severe and difficult to treat ocular infection. In this study, the population structure of 68 ocular MRSA isolates collected at Massachusetts Eye and Ear between January 2014 and June 2016 was assessed. By using a combination of multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis, SCC typing and detection of the panton-valentine leukocidin (PVL) gene, we found that the population structure of ocular MRSA is composed of lineages with community and hospital origins. Read More

Head Neck 2020 Jul 12;42(7):1621-1628. Epub 2020 Jun 12.

Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.

Background: No reports describe falsepositive reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for novel coronavirus in preoperative screening.

Methods: Preoperative patients had one or two nasopharyngeal swabs, depending on low or high risk of viral transmission. Positive tests were repeated. Read More

Eur J Ophthalmol 2020 Jun 3:1120672120932087. Epub 2020 Jun 3.

Govindram Seksaria Institute of Dacryology, L.V. Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India.

Introduction: This report details a case of a preseptal fat necrosis in a 55-year old female, following a revision endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR).

Case Description: Upon initial examination, significant right eyelid swelling, tenderness, and pain in the peritrochlear area, was observed. An overlying skin edema was noted in the supero-medial portion of the right upper eyelid. Read More

J Neuroimaging 2020 May 30. Epub 2020 May 30.

Edward B. Singleton Department of Radiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX.

Paranasal sinuses (PNS) infections are common in children. They may cause common and well-known complications, but also, unusual and potentially devastating complications. Diagnosing PNS infections and complications in children requires knowledge of the unique anatomy of the nasal cavity and the PNS. Read More

Indian J Ophthalmol 2020 06;68(6):974-980

Advanced Eye Care Center, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India.

Oculoplastic surgeries encompass both emergency surgeries for traumatic conditions and infectious disorders as well as elective aesthetic procedures. The COVID-19 pandemic has brought about a drastic change in this practice. Given the highly infectious nature of the disease as well as the global scarcity of medical resources; it is only prudent to treat only emergent conditions during the pandemic as we incorporate evidence-based screening and protective measures into our practices. Read More

Ophthalmology 2020 07 11;127(7):990. Epub 2020 May 11.

Department of Ophthalmology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York; and New York University Langone Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York.

Orbit 2020 Aug 18;39(4):305-310. Epub 2020 May 18.

Department of Radiology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School , Newark, New Jersey, USA.

We review two cases of adolescents with orbital cellulitis, sinusitis and SARS- CoV-2 infection presenting to emergency departments within a 24 hour period. SARS-CoV-2 samples obtained within 24 hours were positive, supporting prior infection despite relatively limited early symptoms of COVID-19. Unusual clinical and radiographic characteristics included hemorrhagic abscess with blood of varying age in the first, intracranial epidural abscess in the second, radiographic signal consistent with hemorrhagic or thrombotic phenomena, retro-maxillary antral fat changes, and meningeal enhancement or extension in both cases. Read More

Surv Ophthalmol 2020 May 11. Epub 2020 May 11.

Service de Médecine Interne, Centre de Référence Maladies systémiques auto-immunes rares d'Ile de France, Hôpital Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France. Electronic address:

To identify clinical presentations, main causes, and prognosis of ophthalmic involvement in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), we performed a systematic review of articles describing CLL ophthalmic involvement in January 2019, using the PubMed database. We found 86 articles describing 123 cases of patients with ophthalmic involvement associated with CLL. Ophthalmic symptoms were CLL's first manifestation in 25. Read More

Med Ultrason 2020 May;22(2):253-254

Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Brussels, Pediatric Radiology, 10 Avenue Hippocrate, 1200, Woluwe-Saint-Lambert, Belgium.

Orbital cellulitis is an infrequent but serious complication of sinus infections in children, as was the case of a 7-year-old who presented to the emergency room with ultrasound signs of preseptal cellulitis. Despite a well conducted antibiotic treatment a control ultrasound demonstrated associated signs of retro-septal extension. This case brings to light the essential role of ultrasound in suspected cellulitis, as a mean to differentiate between preseptal cellulitis and retroseptal (orbital) cellulitis. Read More

Mycopathologia 2020 Jun 9;185(3):555-567. Epub 2020 May 9.

Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou Medical University, Beijing Road 4, Yunyan District, Guiyang, China.

Background: Lichtheimia species are emerging opportunistic fungal pathogens in the Mucorales, causing serious skin and respiratory infections in immunocompromised patients. Established agents are Lichtheimia corymbifera and L. ramosa, while L. Read More

J Korean Neurosurg Soc 2020 May 8. Epub 2020 May 8.

Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan, Korea.

Objective: Traditionally, staged surgery has been preferred in the treatment of compound comminuted depressed fracture (FCCD) after traumatic brain injury (TBI) and involves the removal of primarily damaged bone and subsequent cranioplasty. The main reason for delayed cranioplasty was to reduce the risk of infection-related complications. Here, the author performed immediate reconstruction using a titanium mesh in consecutive patients with FCCD after TBI, reported the surgical results, and reviewed previous studies. Read More

J Hematol Oncol 2020 05 4;13(1):43. Epub 2020 May 4.

Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.

The novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) is an emerging causative agent that was first described in late December 2019 and causes a severe respiratory infection in humans. Notably, many of affected patients of COVID-19 were people with malignancies. Moreover, cancer has been identified as an individual risk factor for COVID-19. Read More

Eur J Ophthalmol 2020 Apr 22:1120672120919343. Epub 2020 Apr 22.

Department of Ophthalmology, Advanced Eye Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.

Sudden and extensive growth of intraocular tumors like retinoblastoma and choroidal melanoma may result in the clinical presentation of sterile or aseptic orbital cellulitis. In such masquerading situations, ocular and orbital imaging plays a significant role. The treatment with steroids may provide a rapid recovery from the aggressive orbital inflammation. Read More

Vet Q 2020 Dec;40(1):140-161

Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.

Infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) is a highly contagious upper respiratory tract disease of chicken caused by a Gallid herpesvirus 1 (GaHV-1) belonging to the genus and subfamily within family. The disease is characterized by conjunctivitis, sinusitis, oculo-nasal discharge, respiratory distress, bloody mucus, swollen orbital sinuses, high morbidity, considerable mortality and decreased egg production. It is well established in highly dense poultry producing areas of the world due to characteristic latency and carrier status of the virus. Read More

Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2020 Jun 13;10(6):726-737. Epub 2020 Apr 13.

Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.

Background: Periorbital cellulitis is a potential sight-threatening complication of sinusitis. The majority of patients improve with medical management. Previous studies have suggested significant variations in practice and lack of evidence regarding the optimal management of this condition. Read More

Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2020 Jun 21;111:110767. Epub 2020 Feb 21.

Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China. Electronic address:

Corneal and conjunctival infections are common ocular diseases, sometimes, causing severe and refractory drug-resistant bacteria infections. Fungal keratitis is a leading cause for blindness and traditional medical treatment is unsatisfactory. Thus, there is an urge to develop a new therapy to deal with these cases. Read More

BMC Ophthalmol 2020 Apr 3;20(1):128. Epub 2020 Apr 3.

Department of Ophthalmology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.

Background: Orbital fracture associated with traumatic intracranial prolapse of the eyeball is rare. In all previously reported cases, vision was severely impaired with no light perception. Herein, we report a case of traumatic prolapse of the globe into the anterior cranial fossa, in which the patient's vision was preserved by early repositioning. Read More

N Engl J Med 2020 Apr;382(14):1352

University of Patras, Patras, Greece

Front Vet Sci 2020 12;7:122. Epub 2020 Mar 12.

Department of Pathology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, United States.

Acute bacterial rhinosinusitis is a common illness in children and can lead to complications such as preseptal/orbital cellulitis, orbital/subdural/cerebral abscessation, osteomyelitis, meningitis, and optic neuritis with blindness. Primary bacterial infections leading to rhinosinusitis in cats is rare and descriptive reports are lacking. The current report describes a cat with and spp. Read More

Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2020 08 29;27(4):300-309. Epub 2020 Mar 29.

Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.

Purpose: To describe the epidemiology of Emergency Department (ED) visits related to opioid abuse with primary ophthalmic diagnoses in the United States (US).

Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study used National ED Sample (NEDS) (2006-2015), a representative sample of all US EDs, to analyze and compare the epidemiology of primary ophthalmic diagnoses in opioid abusers and a control group of non-opioid users. National incidence and descriptive statistics were calculated for demographics and prevalent diagnoses. Read More

Pediatr Emerg Care 2020 Mar 19. Epub 2020 Mar 19.

Faculty of Medicine.

Background: Evaluation of a child with POC/OC is complicated due difficulties in physical examination and risks of imaging by computed tomography.

Method: Retrospective review of children 0-16 years admitted to the pediatric emergency department for POC/OC from 2009 to 2019.

Results: Ten years study period, 243 children younger than 16 years presented to the pediatric emergency department with a diagnosis of POC/OC. Read More

Hum Vaccin Immunother 2020 Mar 18:1-8. Epub 2020 Mar 18.

Department of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.

: Compared with trivalent influenza vaccines, quadrivalent influenza vaccines are expected to provide wider protection against influenza B virus infections. We developed a novel quadrivalent subunit influenza vaccine which was distinct from the influenza vaccines available on the market in production process. In this research, we evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of the quadrivalent subunit influenza vaccine in animal models. Read More

Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 2020 Jun 24;18:100630. Epub 2020 Feb 24.

Department of Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine Mount Sinai Hospital, 1468 Madison Ave, New York, NY, 10029, USA.

Purpose: To present a unique case of keratitis with progression to corneal perforation and endophthalmitis, in the setting of epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor (erlotinib) therapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

Observations: An 89-year-old female with non-small cell lung cancer on erlotinib presented with corneal perforation due to infectious keratitis. Microbial cultures grew a virulent pathogen known to affect immunocompromised patients that has not been previously described to cause infectious keratitis. Read More

Lin Chung Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2020 Jan;34(1):85-87

Mucormycsois, also known as zygomycosis, is an extremely serious acute invasive fungal infection（IFI）. The disease progresses rapidly and the mortality rate is high. Even if cured, it may leave behind serious sequelae. Read More

PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020 02 21;14(2):e0007858. Epub 2020 Feb 21.

Facultad de Ciencias Medicas, de la Salud y la Vida, Universidad Internacional del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador.

We review epidemiological and clinical data on human myiasis from Ecuador, based on data from the Ministry of Public Health (MPH) and a review of the available literature for clinical cases. The larvae of four flies, Dermatobia hominis, Cochliomyia hominivorax, Sarcophaga haemorrhoidalis, and Lucilia eximia, were identified as the causative agents in 39 reported clinical cases. The obligate D. Read More

Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2020 Feb 14:1-9. Epub 2020 Feb 14.

Division of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.

Both infective and neoplastic eyelid and orbital conditions in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients are often the result of opportunistic or co-infections (OI). In most cases, these clinical findings in younger patients alert the physician to suspected underlying HIV infection. When the eyelids and periorbital skin are primarily involved in OI with varicella-zoster virus it is called Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus. Read More

J Craniofac Surg 2020 May/Jun;31(3):e280-e282

Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume.

In recent years, a variety of resorbable plates have been used for craniofacial fractures. The authors report a case of plate infection that occurred more than 1 year after surgery and was difficult to distinguish from a foreign body reaction. A 19-year-old male suffered fractures of the right zygomatic bone, orbital floor, and left maxilla in a motorcycle accident. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2020 Feb;99(7):e18570

Department of Pharmacology, PGIMER, Chandigarh.

Acute conjunctivitis is inflammation of conjunctiva of less than 3 to 4 weeks duration, characterized by cellular infiltration and exudation. It may also result into corneal, lid or orbital involvement which may lead to various complications.A hospital based prospective study was conducted in Assam Medical College and Hospital with 110 culture proven acute bacterial conjunctivitis cases. Read More

Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2020 02 30;41(1):99-114. Epub 2020 Jan 30.

Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center and Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois.

Mucormycosis is an infection caused by a group of filamentous molds within the order Mucorales. Infections may result from ingestion of contaminated food, inhalation of spores into the nares or lungs, or inoculation into disrupted skin or wounds. In developed countries, mucormycosis occurs primarily in severely immunocompromised hosts (e. Read More

Open Vet J 2019 10 3;9(3):216-221. Epub 2019 Aug 3.

Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Alfonso X el Sabio University, Madrid, Spain.

Background: Intracranial abscesses as a result of grass awn migration have been rarely described in the veterinary literature. The identification of their radiological features is mandatory for proper diagnosis. As occurs with abscesses in other organs, surgical drainage and directed antibiotic therapy should be considered the treatment of choice. Read More

J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020 Feb 12:1-20. Epub 2020 Feb 12.

Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.

Drug resistance is an unsolved and major concern in the bacterial infection. Continuous development of drug-resistance to the antibiotics exponentially rises the danger of bacterial infections. Chemical components from the plants are becoming a major resource of potentially effective therapeutic chemical agents for the wide range of diseases including bacterial infections. Read More

Int Ophthalmol 2020 May 27;40(5):1307-1317. Epub 2020 Jan 27.

Cornea and Anterior Segment Service, L V Prasad Eye Institute, MTC Campus, Bhubaneswar, India.

Purpose: To study the prevalence, antibiotic susceptibility profile, clinical outcomes and plasmid-mediated transfer of colistin resistance (CLR) among Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) isolates from different ocular infections.

Design: Prospective case-control study in eastern India.

Methods: Consecutive ocular samples with GNB isolates from clinically diagnosed cases of microbial keratitis, infectious endophthalmitis and orbital infections were included. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2020 Jan;99(4):e18879

Department of Ophthalmology.

Rationale: Myiasis is a parasitic disease caused by fly larvae of the Diptera order that infest human and other vertebrate animal tissues. Orbital myiasis is a potentially destructive infestation of the orbital tissues, which may affect individuals with previous ocular diseases or disorders of consciousness.

Patient Concerns: A 72-year-old man presented with a complaint of repeated pain for two years after trauma to his right eyelid and aggravated symptoms with larvae wriggling out for 2 days. Read More

JAMA 2020 01;323(2):196

Pediatric Critical Care, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St Petersburg, Florida.

Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 2020 Jul/Aug;36(4):385-389

Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, England.

Purpose: Intravenous antibiotic prophylaxis is used for many clean-contaminated surgeries or clean surgeries with an implant, but its value for clean orbital surgery has not been determined. This study investigated infection risks and adverse effects related to antibiotics in patients undergoing orbital surgery.

Methods: A prospective, nonrandomized comparative case series of all patients undergoing orbital surgery with participating surgeons between October 1, 2013, and March 1, 2015. Read More

Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2019 Sep;44(18):3876-3882

Guang'anmen Hospital,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100053,China.

Chaige Jieji Decoction recorded in Six Books of Exogenous Febrile Disease could be used to treat exterior syndrome due to wind-cold and heat caused by stagnation. The indications of Chaige Jieji Decoction include acute exogenous febrile diseases,such as influenza,upper respiratory tract infection,nosocomial infection; symptoms and signs,such as headache,eye pain,orbital pain,dizziness; fever,cold and hot exchanges; dry mouth,thirst,cold drinks,bitter mouth,dry throat; dry nose,stuffy nose,runny nose; poor appetite,silent appetite; strong neck,stiff back; insomnia,difficulty in sleeping; cough and sputum; abdominal pain,limb twitching;slightly torrent pulse. Disease involving all three Yang channels is very common in acute exogenous febrile diseases; the pathogenesis of exogenous diseases is quite different between cases in South China and North China. Read More

BMJ Open 2019 12 22;9(12):e035206. Epub 2019 Dec 22.

Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Introduction: Skin and soft tissue infections of the eye can be classified based on anatomic location as either anterior to the orbital septum (ie, periorbital cellulitis) or posterior to the orbital septum (ie, orbital cellulitis). These two conditions are often considered together in hospitalised children as clinical differentiation is difficult, especially in young children. Prior studies have identified variation in management of hospitalised children with orbital cellulitis; however, they have been limited either as single centre studies or by the use of administrative data which lacks clinical details important for interpreting variation in care. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2019 Dec 22;12(12). Epub 2019 Dec 22.

Ophthalmology, Sydney Eye Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

A 39-year-old Caucasian man presented with headaches and retro-orbital pain but normal vision. Bilateral optic nerve swelling was found on funduscopy though optic nerve function and computed perimetry were normal and there was no relative afferent pupillary defect. CT venogram and MRI were unremarkable. Read More

Lancet Infect Dis 2020 03 20;20(3):371-380. Epub 2019 Dec 20.

Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA. Electronic address:

Background: Paedeatric Zika remains an understudied topic. WHO and the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) Zika case definitions have not been assessed in children. We aimed to characterise clinical profiles and evaluate the diagnostic performance of the WHO and PAHO case definitions in a large cohort of paediatric Zika cases. Read More