Am J Otolaryngol 2016 Nov 23. Epub 2016 Nov 23.

Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA.

Oral foregut duplication cysts are extremely rare lesions with approximately 57 cases reported. They are congenital cysts, located in the anterior or ventral tongue, and occur predominantly in males. They are lined by one or more types of epithelia which is limited to gastric, intestinal or respiratory epithelium. Read More

Korean J Ophthalmol 2017 Jun 12;31(3):194-201. Epub 2017 May 12.

Institute of Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Purpose: To report the patient characteristics and treatment outcomes in 12 cases of orbital lymphangioma.

Methods: In this study, orbital lymphangioma was diagnosed based on clinical, radiologic (computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging), and histologic findings when possible. Patients whose vision was not compromised by orbital lymphangioma, or that did not have increased intraocular pressure (IOP), received oral corticosteroids. Read More

Craniomaxillofac Trauma Reconstr 2017 Jun 16;10(2):166-170. Epub 2017 Mar 16.

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.

Various forms of vascular lesion affect the head and neck region. The head and neck vascular lesions are classified into neoplasms and malformations. Neoplasm presents either as hemangioma or lymphangioma; neoplasm usually presents in young age compared with vascular malformation. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2017 Feb;96(8):e5984

aNeonatal Intensive Care Unit bPediatric Dermatology Department cDepartment of Pediatric Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.

Introduction: Lymphatic malformations are benign anomalies derived from the abnormal development of lymphatic channels. Usually asymptomatic, they can cause compression on adjacent structures or present acute complications (bleeding or infection). Small asymptomatic lesions can be conservatively managed since the possibility of spontaneous regressions is described, while symptomatic lesions require active management. Read More

Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2016 Dec 12;12:43-46. Epub 2016 Nov 12.

Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Medicine School and University Hospital "Dr. José Eleuterio González", University of Nuevo Leon, Mexico.

Heterotopic gastrointestinal cysts of the oral cavity are benign lesions usually discovered during infancy. Their pathogenesis is not very clear. They are rare congenital anomalies that result from remnants of foregut-derived epithelium in the head, neck, thorax or abdomen during embryonic development. Read More

Pan Afr Med J 2016 8;24:202. Epub 2016 Jul 8.

Service d'Otorhinolaryngologie et de Chirurgie Cervico-faciale, Hopital Militaire Moulay Ismail, Meknès, Maroc.

Cystic lymphangiomas are congenital benign lesions occurring predominantly in the head and neck area, especially in the posterior cervical triangle. These malformations involving the lymphatic vessels are frequently diagnosed in children. We report the clinical case of a 28-year-old adult patient with cystic lymphangioma on the floor of the oral cavity extending gradually to the left submandibular region. Read More

J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2017 Feb 24;75(2):336-342. Epub 2016 Aug 24.

Professor and Chair, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.

Purpose: A ranula is a pseudocyst caused by mucous extravasation from the sublingual gland. Recently, a sclerosing agent, OK-432 (picibanil), has been reported to be highly effective for treating lymphangioma and cervical cystic lesions. The present study assessed the effectiveness of OK-432 injection therapy for intraoral ranula to clarify whether it can be used as the primary treatment. Read More

J Clin Diagn Res 2016 Jun 1;10(6):ZD22-3. Epub 2016 Jun 1.

Associate Professor, Department of Oral Medicine & Radiology, Pt. B D Sharma University of Health Sciences , Rohtak, Haryana, India .

Lymphangiomas are uncommon congenital hamartomas of the lymphatic system, usually diagnosed in infancy and early childhood. They are rarely situated in oral cavity and most commonly identified on the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. Though rarely seen in the oral cavity, lymphangiomas are the entities which should be taken into consideration by the clinician while examining vesicular lesions of the oral cavity. Read More

J Maxillofac Oral Surg 2016 Jul 1;15(Suppl 2):339-42. Epub 2015 Dec 1.

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Farooqia Dental College and Hospital, Mysore, 570021 Karnataka.

Diagnosis of midline neck swellings may give a myriad of options, ranging from ranula, thyroglossal duct cyst, cystic hygroma, cystic lymphangioma, epidermoid, dermoid and teratoid cysts to benign or malignant neoplasms of the mucosa or salivary glands and also rare skin appendage tumours like pilomatricoma or pilomatrix carcinoma. Various pitfalls are encountered in diagnosing these midline swellings as most of the features are overlapping. Careful history and examination have to be complemented with other diagnostic aids such as conventional radiography, ultrasonography, aspiration cytology and computed tomography to arrive at a correct diagnosis. Read More

J Maxillofac Oral Surg 2016 Jul 12;15(Suppl 2):274-8. Epub 2015 Apr 12.

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Venizeleio-Pananeio General Hospital of Heraklion, Knossos Avenue, P.O. Box 44, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.

Lymphatic malformations-previously called lymphangiomas or cystic hygromas-are regarded as non-malignant primary disorders of the lymphatic system. They appear predominantly in infants and children, with 90 % of cases being diagnosed by the age of 2 years. Also, they constitute an infrequent entity, accounting for 5 % of all benign tumors in infants and children. Read More

J Craniofac Surg 2016 May;27(3):724-6

*Department of Pediatric Plastic Surgery, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus†Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH.

Extensive lymphangiomas of the facial skeleton result in deforming forces leading to ongoing masticatory, speech, oral hygiene, and airway problems. This paper presents a small series of patients with severe mandibular overgrowth secondary to lymphatic malformations. Following debulking of the malformations and tongue reductions, the authors describe the results of their treatment with bilateral mandibular body resections and setback. Read More

Case Rep Pediatr 2016 16;2016:7930945. Epub 2016 Mar 16.

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Gloucestershire Royal Hospital, Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Great Western Road, Gloucester GL50 3DU, UK.

Up to 75% of lymphatic malformations occur in the head and neck region. Of these, cystic hygromas and lymphangiomas have been widely reported; however they rarely occur in the same patient. We report the case of a 5-year-old girl who presented to the Department of Paediatrics of a district general hospital with a short history of recurrent, painful swelling of the anterior one-third of her tongue. Read More

Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2016 Dec 8;54(10):1144-1145. Epub 2016 Apr 8.

Chief Resident, Pathology department, BDF Hospital, Kingdom of Bahrain.

Pediatr Dermatol 2016 May 4;33(3):e208-9. Epub 2016 Apr 4.

Department of Dermatology, Tokat Zile State Hospital, Tokat, Turkey.

Lymphangioma circumscriptum (LC) is a superficial form of lymphatic malformation that can be difficult to treat. Therapeutic approaches to LC such as laser therapy, sclerotherapy, and surgical excision give varying results. This is the first description of a case of LC successfully treated with oral isotretinoin. Read More

J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2015 Sep-Dec;19(3):393-5

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Vasantdada Patil Dental College and Hospital, Sangli, Maharashtra, India.

Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2016 Apr 27;83:37-40. Epub 2016 Jan 27.

Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Necker Children's Hospital, 149, rue de Sèvres, 75015 Paris, France.

Lymphatic malformations are benign malformations frequently occurring in the head and neck. Retropharyngeal location is rare, can be life threating and its management is particularly challenging. Over a three-year period, three patients presented with symptomatic (dyspnea and/or dysphagia) retropharyngeal lymphatic malformation. Read More

Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2016 24;45(5):20150362. Epub 2016 Mar 24.

2 Department of Oral Surgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan.

Objectives: To demonstrate the usefulness of intraoral ultrasonography (IOUS) for tongue mass lesions, we analyzed surgery cases excluding squamous-cell carcinoma and leukoplakia and compared IOUS and pathological findings.

Methods: We used the hospital information system and Radiology Information System to evaluate the IOUS and pathological findings of patients who underwent surgeries for tongue masses in the past 11 years.

Results: Surgeries for the tongues were performed in 268 cases. Read More

Photomed Laser Surg 2016 Feb 19;34(2):82-7. Epub 2016 Jan 19.

2 Department of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Lebanese University , Beirut, Lebanon .

Objective: The aim of our study is to evaluate the efficiency of a new therapeutic method using CO2 laser to avoid mutilation or total excision for the treatment of invasive, large and unexcisable oral lymphangiomas.

Background Data: Cystic lymphatic malformations, or lymphangiomas, are mature lymphatic malformations, consisting of abnormal lymphatic vessels. Surgical excision is considered by most surgeons to be the treatment of choice for lymphangioma. Read More

Contemp Clin Dent 2015 Oct-Dec;6(4):584-7

Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Kamineni Institute of Dental Sciences, Narketpally, Nalgonda, Telangana, India.

Lymphangiomas are benign hamartomatous tumors of the lymphatic channels which present as developmental malformations arising from sequestration of lymphatic tissue that do not communicate with the rest of the lymphatic channels. Lymphatic vessels are filled with a clear protein-rich fluid containing few lymph cells. It can also occur in association with hemangioma. Read More

J Clin Diagn Res 2015 Nov 1;9(11):ZD04-6. Epub 2015 Nov 1.

Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, K.M. Shah Dental College and Hospital, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth , Vadodara, Gujrat, India .

Lymphangioma is considered as benign as well as a hamartomatous lesion of the lymphatic vessels that shows a marked predilection for the head and neck region. The most common site for intraoral lymphangiomas is the anterior two-thirds on the dorsal surface of tongue resulting in macroglossia. Such patients have a tendency of speech disturbances, poor oral hygiene, and bleeding from tongue following a trauma. Read More

J Clin Diagn Res 2015 Oct 1;9(10):ZD11-3. Epub 2015 Oct 1.

Professor, Department of Oral Pathology, Panineeya Mahavidyalaya Institute of Dental Sciences , Kamalanagar, Chaitanyapuri, Hyderabad, India .

Lymphangiomas are developmental malformations which present as benign hamartomas of lymphatic channels. They are commonly located in the head and neck region and are less frequently reported in the oral cavity. However affected sites in the oral cavity include the tongue, palate, gingiva, buccal mucosa, lips and alveolar ridge of the mandible. Read More

J Lifestyle Med 2015 Mar 30;5(1):30-3. Epub 2015 Mar 30.

Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea.

Lymphangioma is a congenital malformation of lymphatic system and often involves the oral cavity. When lymphangioma is located on the mouth floor and enlarges, it can compress the airway and make intubation difficult. The GlideScope(®) video laryngoscope is sometimes used in routine intubation, but is most commonly used in difficult or failed intubation. Read More

Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2014 Dec 18;66(4):460-3. Epub 2013 Oct 18.

Verma ENT Hospital and Research Centre, Gujral Nagar, Jalandhar, 144001 Punjab India.

Lymphangiomas are rare benign, hamartomatous, congenital malformations of the lymphatic system involving the skin and subcutaneous tissues of head, neck and oral cavity. Occasional adult onset cases occur, this condition is thought to be a developmental malformation of lymph vessels which have poor communication with normal lymph system. Most of these malformations are present at birth or appear within two years of life. Read More

Pan Afr Med J 2015 30;20:443. Epub 2015 Apr 30.

Service de Médecine Interne A, Hôpital Charles Nicolle, Tunis, Tunisie.

J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects 2015 10;9(2):96-100. Epub 2015 Jun 10.

Life science student, Arts & Science Faculty, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.

Background and aims. Head and neck tumors are the most common complaints of people referring to different medical sections, especially in children. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of these tumors in children less than 12 years of age to provide a better perspective for future studies. Read More

J Midlife Health 2015 Apr-Jun;6(2):91-3

Department of Pathology, Bankura Sammilani Medical College, Bankura, West Bengal, India.

Lymphangioma circumscriptum (LC) is a form of lymphangioma characterised by benign dilation of lymphatic channels, which affects the skin and subcutaneous tissues. The most common sites of LC are mucosa of mouth, tongue, groin, axilla, trunk and proximal region of extremities. Vulva is a rare site of LC. Read More

Laryngorhinootologie 2015 Oct 2;94(10):692-4. Epub 2015 Jul 2.

Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2015 May 31;152(5):948-53. Epub 2015 Mar 31.

Dayton Children's Hospital, Dayton, Ohio, USA

Objective: To develop general and site-specific treatment effect and outcome measures to standardize the reporting of head and neck lymphatic malformation (HNLM) treatments.

Study Design: Consensus statement/expert opinion.

Setting: Multiple tertiary academic institutions. Read More

Rev Chil Pediatr 2014 Dec;85(6):714-9

Unlabelled: Lymphangiomas are a common form of vascular malformation of the lymphatic vessels, mainly in the head and neck region. Most cases are progressive evolution and require a multidisciplinary approach. Currently, the first therapeutic option is sclerotherapy, leaving surgery for the treatment of remaining lesions. Read More

Indian Pediatr 2015 Feb;52(2):176

Department of Anesthesiology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Child Health, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.

J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg 2014 Dec 26;40(6):313-5. Epub 2014 Dec 26.

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea. ; Oral Science Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea.

An oral foregut cyst is a rare congenital choristoma lined by the respiratory and/or gastrointestinal epithelium. The exact etiology has not been fully identified, but it is thought to arise from misplaced primitive foregut. This lesion develops asymptomatically but sometimes causes difficulty in swallowing and pronunciation depending on its size. Read More

JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2015 Jan;141(1):40-4

University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore.

Importance: Pediatric jaw tumors are a rare clinical entity and are not well addressed in the otolaryngology literature. It is important that otolaryngologists be familiar with the clinical features, management, and outcomes associated with these lesions.

Objective: To review the clinical presentation, management, and outcomes of jaw tumors in children treated at a tertiary care academic center. Read More

J Clin Diagn Res 2014 Sep 20;8(9):ZD12-4. Epub 2014 Sep 20.

Reader, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tagore Dental College and Hospital , Chennai, India .

Lymphangiomas are benign tumours resulting from a congenital malformation of the lymphatic system. They are relatively uncommon and usually diagnosed in infancy and early childhood. Commonly located at head and neck, they rarely occur in the oral cavity. Read More

J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2014 Jul;6(Suppl 1):S188-91

Department of Oral Pathology, VMS Dental College, Salem, India.

The lymphangioma are benign hamartomatous tumors of lymphatic vessels that arises from the sequestration of lymphatic that fails to communicate with the lymphatic system. Most common intra oral site being the anterior two-thirds of tongue, usually superficial in location and demonstrates a pebbly surface that resembles a cluster of translucent vesicles, they are typically soft and fluctuant masses. Secondary hemorrhage into the lymphatic spaces may cause some of these vesicles to become purple. Read More

Am J Dermatopathol 2014 Sep;36(9):759-61

Departments of *Dermatology, †Pathology, and ‡Otolaryngology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.

Kulak Burun Bogaz Ihtis Derg 2014 May-Jun;24(3):172-6

Department of Oral Surgery, İstanbul University, Faculty of Dentistry, 34390 Çapa, İstanbul, Turkey.

Lymphangiomas are rare congenital malformations which are commonly seen in the head and neck region. The disease can be histologically differentiated from other vascular disorders such as cavernous or capillary hemangioma with the lymphatic endothelium-lined cystic spaces. The onset of lymphangiomas are either at birth (60 to 70%) or up to two years of age (90%). Read More

Contemp Clin Dent 2014 Jan;5(1):119-22

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Government Dental College and Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.

Lymphatic malformations of the head and neck, also known as lymphangiomas or cystic hygromas, are a diverse group of lesions. Lymphangiomas represent benign hamartomatous tumors of lymphatic vessels with a marked predilection for the head, neck and oral cavity. These lesions, like most of the swellings occurring in the neck, frequently pose a dilemma in diagnosis and treatment. Read More

J Pediatr 2014 Jul 3;165(1):205-205.e1. Epub 2014 May 3.

Division of Dermatology, Department of Specialized, Experimental, and Diagnostic Medicine, S. Orsola- Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.

Curr Probl Diagn Radiol 2014 Mar-Apr;43(2):55-67

Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA.

Congenital cystic masses of the neck are uncommon and can present in any age group. Diagnosis of these lesions can be sometimes challenging. Many of these have characteristic locations and imaging findings. Read More

J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2014 Jul 18;42(5):392-6. Epub 2014 Jan 18.

University Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (Head: Prof. C. Alexandridis), at the Children's Hospital "A. and P. Kyriakou" (Director: Prof. I. Iatrou), Dental School, University of Athens, Greece.

Objectives: To present the experience in the treatment of soft tissue cysts of the orofacial region in children treated at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at Children's Hospital "A. and P. Kyriakou", Dental School, University of Athens. Read More

Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2014 Aug 6;118(2):e53-7. Epub 2013 Dec 6.

Professor, Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.

We report a case of lymphangioma circumscriptum (cavernous lymphangioma with epithelial hyperplasia) in a 12-year-old girl, presenting as a papillary tumor on the right dorsal side of her tongue. Microscopic examination found cavernous vascular channels lined by a single layer of CD31(+), podoplanin-positive, CD34(-) endothelial cells that occupied the papillary lamina propria and were accompanied by epithelial hyperplasia. A review of the literature on oral vascular tumors with epithelial hyperplasia, namely, lymphangioma circumscriptum and angiokeratoma, provided information that draws into question the use of these terms. Read More

J Craniofac Surg 2014 ;25(2):e143-8

From the Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Mustafa Kemal University Medical Faculty, Hatay, Turkey.

Objective: The aim of this study was to discuss perioperative difficulties and temporary or permanent complications that can be seen at early postoperative period in cases undergoing transoral surgical approach for disorders of mouth base.

Study Design: The study included 19 patients undergoing transoral surgical approach between September 2011 and January 2013 who were retrospectively evaluated. Exclusion criteria were patients with malign submandibular gland tumor or other suspected tumors at mouth base, those with a benign solid mass larger than 10 × 10 cm, and those who did not accept the transoral approach. Read More

Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2014 Feb 8;117:68-70. Epub 2013 Dec 8.

Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA; Pediatric Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital, Birmingham, USA.

Case Rep Dermatol Med 2013 16;2013:967890. Epub 2013 Dec 16.

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Dicle University, 21280 Diyarbakir, Turkey.

Lymphangioma circumscriptum (LC) is a benign dilation of lymph channels localized to the skin and subcutaneous tissues. It is generally localized in mouth mucosa, tongue, proximal regions of arms and legs, groin, axilla, and trunk. Primary vulvar involvement is very rare. Read More

Eur J Radiol 2014 Mar 12;83(3):e137-46. Epub 2013 Dec 12.

Department of Otolaryngology, Gifu University School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan. Electronic address:

Palatal tumors commonly arise from the minor salivary glands, and benign tumors account for approximately half of all minor salivary gland tumors. Minor salivary gland tumors have an affinity for the posterior hard palate and soft palate and virtually never arise in the midline, probably because of the distribution of palatal salivary glands. The majority of benign salivary gland tumors of the palate are pleomorphic adenomas, while the most common malignant salivary gland tumor is adenoid cystic carcinoma, followed by mucoepidermoid carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma. Read More

Gastroenterol Res Pract 2013 17;2013:702536. Epub 2013 Nov 17.

2nd Department of Medicine, Charles University in Praha, Faculty of Medicine at Hradec Kralove, University Teaching Hospital, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.

Objective. Balloon enteroscopy (BE) and capsule enteroscopy (CE) are enteroscopy methods that allow examination and treatment of the small bowel. Before the CE and BE era, the small intestine was difficult to access for investigation. Read More

J Maxillofac Oral Surg 2012 Dec 4;11(4):407-10. Epub 2012 Apr 4.

Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.

Introduction: The current practice for removal of clinically benign superficial parotid lesions is an appropriate superficial parotidectomy with a cuff of normal parotid tissue for complete pathological clearance. This technique requires the identification of the facial nerve at the main trunk and dissection of the segment of the facial nerve deep to the lesion. The reported major complications of this procedure include temporary or permanent facial nerve weakness, Frey's syndrome and salivary leaks. Read More

J Clin Imaging Sci 2013 29;3:44. Epub 2013 Oct 29.

Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, S.R.M. Kattankulathur Dental College, Potheri, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

Lymphangioma is a benign hamartomatous tumor of lymphatic vessels. This lymphatic malformation is characterized by an abnormal proliferation of lymphatic vessels. Extra-oral lymphangiomas occur more frequently in the neck region predominantly in the posterior triangle, while intra-oral lymphangiomas are commonly seen in the tongue mainly on the dorsum surface. Read More

J Craniofac Surg 2013 Nov;24(6):2158-60

From the *Federal University of Tocantins, Palmas, Tocantins, †São Leopoldo Mandic Institute and Research Center, Campinas, São Paulo; ‡General Public Hospital of Palmas; and §Dona Regina Public Maternity Hospital, Palmas, Tocantins, Brazil.

Oral foregut cysts are congenital choristomas that arise in the oral cavity during embryonic development from remnants of foregut-derived epithelium. This is an unusual report of a neonate with a large congenital sublingual cystic lesion, extending superficially from the left ventral tongue to the anterior floor of the mouth, impeding breast-feeding. The differential diagnosis included dermoid cyst, epidermoid cyst, mucous retention cyst, and oral lymphangioma. Read More

Vet Clin Pathol 2013 Dec 18;42(4):531-2. Epub 2013 Sep 18.

Department of Pathobiology, Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Missouri Veterinary, Medical Teaching Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA.