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Dermatol Ther 2020 Apr 27:e13463. Epub 2020 Apr 27.

Department of Special Patient Care, Hospital Dentistry Clinic, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, California, USA.

Lymphangioma circumscriptum is a benign lymphatic malformation that usually presents at birth or early childhood. Acquired oral lymphangioma has been reported secondary to radiation therapy and denture-induced trauma due to damage to previously normal lymphatics. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of acquired oral lymphangioma due to childhood tuberculous adenitis. Read More

World J Gastroenterol 2020 Apr;26(13):1540-1545

Department of Gastroenterology, Air Force Medical Center, Beijing 100142, China.

Background: Hemolymphangiomas are rare malformations composed of both lymphatic and vascular vessels and are located in the pancreas, spleen, mediastinum, . Small intestinal hemolymphangioma is extremely rare and often presents as obscure gastrointestinal bleeding. It is rarely diagnosed correctly before the operation. Read More

Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2020 Mar-Apr;86(2):230

Department of Dermatology, Topiwala National Medical College and B.Y.L. Nair Ch. Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.

The incidence of lymphangioma is 1.2 to 2.8/1000 newborns. Read More

Oral Maxillofac Surg 2020 Mar 20;24(1):109-115. Epub 2020 Jan 20.

ENT Division, University Hospital "Maggiore della Carità", University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy.

Introduction: Lymphangiomas are relatively uncommon head and neck region lymphatic malformations. Although surgery can be still considered the mainstay of treatment, sclerotherapy by OK-432 is becoming a widespread treatment option. The aim of this article is to present and discuss the management and outcomes of a series of cases of lymphangiomas. Read More

Eur J Paediatr Dent 2019 Dec;20(4):311-314

Fondazione IRCCS Ca'Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan - University of Milan, Milan, Italy.

Background: Lymphangioma of the tongue is a rare condition related to congenital malformations of the lymphatic system. It may have different implications such as macroglossia. This condition could exacerbate in aesthetic abnormalities and functional problems such as maxillofacial structural deformities, dysphagia, airway obstruction and speech difficulties. Read More

Head Neck Pathol 2020 Jun 10;14(2):512-515. Epub 2019 Dec 10.

Tuanku Mizan Armed Forces Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Lymphangiomas are rare, congenital malformations of the lymphatic system which have a marked predilection for the head and neck. In this region, they most commonly occur on the dorsum of the tongue, followed by the lips, buccal mucosa, soft palate, and floor of the mouth. Lymphangiomas of the tongue are commonly present at birth; however, they may go unnoticed until after eruption of the dentition or even puberty. Read More

Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J 2019 Aug 5;19(3):e257-e261. Epub 2019 Nov 5.

Department of Pathology, Chacha Nehru Bal Chikitsalya, Delhi, India.

Foregut cystic developmental malformations (FCDM) are a type of rare cystic lesion. The occurrence of FCDM is exceedingly uncommon in the intraoral location. We report three cases of FCDM with intraoral location who presented at Chacha Nehru Bal Chikitsalaya, New Delhi, India, in 2016, 2017 and 2018 with symptoms of respiratory distress and feeding difficulties. Read More

Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2019 12 12;57(10):1137-1142. Epub 2019 Nov 12.

Department of Pathology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University. Electronic address:

Lymphangioma of the tongue is a rare lymphatic malformation, and various authors have reported the successful use of sirolimus for its treatment. However, the safety of sirolimus in children needs further evaluation so that those who do not respond are not necessarily exposed to its potential adverse effects. We hypothesised that assessment of lymphangiogenesis can be used to predict whether the patient will respond to sirolimus, so we organised a prospective study after ethics committee approval had been given. Read More

Arch Craniofac Surg 2019 Oct 20;20(5):314-318. Epub 2019 Oct 20.

Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.

Macroglossia is a rare clinical condition defined as an enlarged tongue. Macroglossia can cause structural deformities like diastema and disproportionate mandibular growth and present functional disorders such as dysarthria, dysphonia, and respiratory problems. A 7-year-old boy who had lymphangiomatous macroglossia was treated with a reduction glossectomy by anchor-shaped combination of a U-shape and modified key-hole resection. Read More

World J Surg Oncol 2019 Oct 24;17(1):170. Epub 2019 Oct 24.

Department of Human Pathology Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, 13-1, Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan.

Background: Lymphangiomas are uncommon congenital malformations that present mainly in the head, neck, and axillar regions in pediatric patients. Mesenteric cystic lymphangiomas (MCLs), which occasionally present with substantial growth and the invasion of adjacent vital structures, are rarely reported in adults. We report a case of MCL in an adult who was treated with laparoscopic-assisted excision. Read More

J Craniofac Surg 2019 Nov-Dec;30(8):e696-e697

Assistant Professor, Izmir Katip Çelebi University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Turkey.

Lymphangiomas are benign hamartomatous tumors which are characterized by abnormal proliferation of lymphatic vessels. They are lymphatic malformations which are commonly localized to head and neck region. They are rare located in the oral cavity and tongue, lips, buccal mucosa, soft palate, floor of the mouth are mostly affected. Read More

J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2019 Oct 30;45(10):2137-2138. Epub 2019 Jul 30.

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Royal Preston Hospital, Preston, UK.

Lymphangioma circumscriptum is a rare benign disorder of unknown etiology affecting lymph vessels in the deep dermal and subcutaneous layers. The commonest sites of presentation are the axilla, shoulders, groins, tongue and oral cavity. Lymphangioma circumscriptum of the vulva is very rare can be either congenital or secondary to lymphadenectomy or pelvic radiation in patients with genital cancer, genital tuberculosis, Crohn's disease, cellulitis, morbid obesity and immobilization. Read More

Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2019 10 30;57(8):729-733. Epub 2019 Jun 30.

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China. Electronic address:

Neck masses in children are a common clinical concern but there is a paucity of published information about them. We organised this retrospective study to analyse their prevalence and treatment in Northwest China. The records of 207 children who presented with neck masses between 2008 and 2017 were retrieved from the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, and age, sex, clinical presentation, preoperative investigation, surgical procedure, histopathological diagnosis, and complications were recorded. Read More

Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2019 Sep;30(5):380-385

Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.

Purpose Of Review: Currently, there is no ideal management for orbital lymphatic malformations. Significant advances have been made since the discovery of new agents in the treatment. The purpose of this manuscript is to review the recent evidence on new sclerotherapy agents and systemic medications. Read More

Urologiia 2019 Jun(2):64-66

) Ural scientific research Institute of dermatology and immunopathology. Ekaterinburg, Russia.

Lymphangioma circumscriptum (LC) is a rare, benign condition, predominantly characterized by the malformation of lymphatic skin vessels. The most common sites include the oral mucosa, tongue, skin of the extremities and torso. Lymphangioma of the penis is rare disease. Read More

Dermatol Online J 2018 Aug 15;24(8). Epub 2018 Aug 15.

Naja Clinic, Department of Dermatology, Gilan, Rasht.

Lymphangioma circumscriptum is a developmental anomaly of lymphatic vessels, which appear as aggregates of clear or hemorrhagic vesicles on the skin or mouth. Glans penis involvement is very uncommon. Because of the sensitivity of the area, possible functional, cosmetic, or psychologic disturbances can result. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2018 Oct;97(40):e12552

Division of Hepatogastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital.

Rational: Lymphangiomatosis is rare and benign, and slowly proliferating lymphatic vessels of unknown etiology and visceral lymphangiomatosis involving the spleen is rare. Since lymphangiomatosis may be asymptomatic or present as a sense of fullness, splenic cystic lymphangiomatosis is a disease of little concern.

Patient Concerns: A 34-year-old woman suffering from progressive epigastric fullness after oral intake for two weeks. Read More

Dermatol Ther 2018 09 22;31(5):e12673. Epub 2018 Aug 22.

Gulhane Medical Faculty, Department of Dermatology, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey.

Microcystic lymphatic malformation (MLM), also known as "lymphangioma circumscriptum," is a lymphatic malformation which may involve the skin and subcutaneous tissues. Progressive growth of lesions may cause pressure to the surrounding organs. Lesions frequently reoccur after treatment with surgery, sclerotherapy, radiotherapy, and laser therapy. Read More

Pan Afr Med J 2018 6;29:202. Epub 2018 Apr 6.

Service de Dermatologie, CHU Hassan II, Fes, Maroc.

Superficial circumscribed lymphangiomas are predominantly benign lesions occuring in the cervicofacial area. These malformations of the lymphatic vessels are frequently diagnosed in children. We report the clinical case of lymphangioma of the tongue that occurred in an old man. Read More

Int J Surg Case Rep 2017 21;41:469-472. Epub 2017 Nov 21.

Department of Surgery, Montefiore New Rochelle Hospital, New York, USA.

Introduction: Lymphangioma is a rare benign tumor found in gastrointestinal tract. Most lymphangiomas can occur at any age and but mostly are found in children and infants. They are mainly due to malformation of the lymphatic system. Read More

J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad 2018 Jan-Mar;30(1):146

Department of Dentistry, S.P Medical College Bikaner, India.

J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2018 Jan;22(Suppl 1):S108-S111

Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sarjug Dental College, Darbhanga, Bihar, India.

Lymphangiomas are benign malformations that represent hamartoma of malformed lymphatics and are composed of cystically dilated lymphatic channels which do not communicate or drain into other lymphatic channels or veins leading to accumulation of lymph. They are congenital malformations with rare occurrence in oral cavity within which tongue dorsum is the most affected site. Venous malformations are often difficult to differentiate from lymphatic malformations leading to the development of several lymphatic markers like D2-40 which seems to be useful for distinguishing vascular from lymphatic vessels. Read More

Orbit 2019 Feb 6;38(1):79-80. Epub 2018 Feb 6.

b Center for Orbital Diseases, Medical Center and Medical Faculty , University of Freiburg , Freiburg , Germany.

Microcystic lymphatic malformations are difficult to treat surgically, especially when located in the orbital apex. Recently, pharmacologic inhibition of the mTOR pathway by sirolimus was reported as a safe and efficacious treatment option for lymphatic malformations (also known as lymphangiomas). We report the case of a young male patient in which a unilateral, retrobulbar lymphatic malformation regressed to a large extent under treatment with 1 mg sirolimus given orally twice a day over a period of six months. Read More

Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2018 07 28;126(1):e31-e34. Epub 2017 Dec 28.

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, South Eastern Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, Northern Ireland.

Lymphangiectasias, or acquired lymphangiomas, are rare in the oral cavity, more typically occurring on the skin or the genital area and, to our knowledge, have not been reported previously in association with Crohn's disease. Lymphangiectasias can occur at any age and develop secondary to chronic obstruction of the lymphatics. This differentiates them from congenital lymphangiomas, which are congenital malformations of the lymphatic system. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2017 Dec;96(51):e8871

Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.

Rationale: Lymphatic malformations (LMs) are rare and benign anomalies resulting from the defective embryological development of the primordial lymphatic structures. Due to their permeative growth throughout all tissue layers, treatment is often challenging. Small asymptomatic lesions can be conservatively managed, while symptomatic lesions require active management. Read More

J Cutan Pathol 2018 Apr 6;45(4):278-281. Epub 2018 Feb 6.

Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdullah University Hospital, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.

Lymphangioma circumscriptum (LC) is considered a superficial variant of lymphangioma with characteristic small lymphatic channels. Diagnosis is routinely made through histopathology in addition to immunostaining. An unusual case of LC presenting as a painless overgrowth of the tongue in a middle-aged male is reported, with emphasis on the clinical and histopathological differential diagnosis. Read More

J Clin Anesth 2017 12 13;43:66-67. Epub 2017 Oct 13.

Department of Gerontology and Gerodontology, Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.

J Istanb Univ Fac Dent 2017 3;51(2):49-53. Epub 2017 Apr 3.

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Faculty of Dentistry Istanbul University Turkey.

Lymphangioma is a benign hamartomatous lesion caused by congenital malformation of the lymphatic system. This benign tumor is detected most commonly at birth or in early childhood but rarely in adults. On clinical examination, most lymphangiomas contain clear lymph fluid, but some may present as transparent vesicles containing red blood cells due to hemorrhage. Read More

J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2017 May-Aug;21(2):282-285

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Mahe Institute of Dental Science and Hospital, Puducherry, India.

Vascular anomalies are mainly classified under two headings, i.e. under vascular tumors and vascular malformations. Read More

Surg Case Rep 2017 Dec 17;3(1):80. Epub 2017 Jul 17.

Department of Pediatric Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8575, Ibaraki, Japan.

Background: Current treatment options for lymphatic malformations (LMs) are multimodal. Recently, the effectiveness of treating LMs with Eppikajyutsuto (TJ-28) has been reported. TJ-28 is a kind of oral herbal medicine classified as the traditional Japanese Kampo medicine. Read More

Pathologe 2017 Jul;38(4):294-302

Klinik für Hals‑, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde (HNO), Klinikum Augsburg, Sauerbruchstraße 6, 86156, Augsburg, Deutschland.

Salivary gland tumors and tumor-like lesions in the pediatric population are uncommon. They comprise a heterogeneous group of infectious/inflammatory and neoplastic conditions. Pediatric salivary neoplasms include benign tumors of mesenchymal or epithelial origin as well as malignancies of epithelial (carcinomas), mesenchymal (sarcoma) or hematolymphoid (lymphoma) derivation. Read More

Am J Otolaryngol 2017 Nov - Dec;38(6):724-725. Epub 2016 Nov 23.

Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA.

Oral foregut duplication cysts are extremely rare lesions with approximately 57 cases reported. They are congenital cysts, located in the anterior or ventral tongue, and occur predominantly in males. They are lined by one or more types of epithelia which is limited to gastric, intestinal or respiratory epithelium. Read More

Korean J Ophthalmol 2017 Jun 12;31(3):194-201. Epub 2017 May 12.

Institute of Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Purpose: To report the patient characteristics and treatment outcomes in 12 cases of orbital lymphangioma.

Methods: In this study, orbital lymphangioma was diagnosed based on clinical, radiologic (computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging), and histologic findings when possible. Patients whose vision was not compromised by orbital lymphangioma, or that did not have increased intraocular pressure (IOP), received oral corticosteroids. Read More

Craniomaxillofac Trauma Reconstr 2017 Jun 16;10(2):166-170. Epub 2017 Mar 16.

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.

Various forms of vascular lesion affect the head and neck region. The head and neck vascular lesions are classified into neoplasms and malformations. Neoplasm presents either as hemangioma or lymphangioma; neoplasm usually presents in young age compared with vascular malformation. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2017 Feb;96(8):e5984

aNeonatal Intensive Care Unit bPediatric Dermatology Department cDepartment of Pediatric Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.

Introduction: Lymphatic malformations are benign anomalies derived from the abnormal development of lymphatic channels. Usually asymptomatic, they can cause compression on adjacent structures or present acute complications (bleeding or infection). Small asymptomatic lesions can be conservatively managed since the possibility of spontaneous regressions is described, while symptomatic lesions require active management. Read More

Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2016 Dec 12;12:43-46. Epub 2016 Nov 12.

Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Medicine School and University Hospital "Dr. José Eleuterio González", University of Nuevo Leon, Mexico.

Heterotopic gastrointestinal cysts of the oral cavity are benign lesions usually discovered during infancy. Their pathogenesis is not very clear. They are rare congenital anomalies that result from remnants of foregut-derived epithelium in the head, neck, thorax or abdomen during embryonic development. Read More

Pan Afr Med J 2016 8;24:202. Epub 2016 Jul 8.

Service d'Otorhinolaryngologie et de Chirurgie Cervico-faciale, Hopital Militaire Moulay Ismail, Meknès, Maroc.

Cystic lymphangiomas are congenital benign lesions occurring predominantly in the head and neck area, especially in the posterior cervical triangle. These malformations involving the lymphatic vessels are frequently diagnosed in children. We report the clinical case of a 28-year-old adult patient with cystic lymphangioma on the floor of the oral cavity extending gradually to the left submandibular region. Read More

J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2017 Feb 24;75(2):336-342. Epub 2016 Aug 24.

Professor and Chair, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.

Purpose: A ranula is a pseudocyst caused by mucous extravasation from the sublingual gland. Recently, a sclerosing agent, OK-432 (picibanil), has been reported to be highly effective for treating lymphangioma and cervical cystic lesions. The present study assessed the effectiveness of OK-432 injection therapy for intraoral ranula to clarify whether it can be used as the primary treatment. Read More

J Clin Diagn Res 2016 Jun 1;10(6):ZD22-3. Epub 2016 Jun 1.

Associate Professor, Department of Oral Medicine & Radiology, Pt. B D Sharma University of Health Sciences , Rohtak, Haryana, India .

Lymphangiomas are uncommon congenital hamartomas of the lymphatic system, usually diagnosed in infancy and early childhood. They are rarely situated in oral cavity and most commonly identified on the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. Though rarely seen in the oral cavity, lymphangiomas are the entities which should be taken into consideration by the clinician while examining vesicular lesions of the oral cavity. Read More

Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis 2016 Dec 3;133(6):393-396. Epub 2016 Aug 3.

CHU Dupuytren, Service ORL et Chirurgie Cervico-Faciale, 2, avenue Martin-Luther-King, 87042 Limoges cedex, France.

Objectives: Head and neck lymphatic malformation is a rare benign tumor, mainly affecting children under 1 year of age. Total resection is often difficult, and recurrence is frequent. Functional and esthetic sequelae are a major issue. Read More

J Maxillofac Oral Surg 2016 Jul 1;15(Suppl 2):339-42. Epub 2015 Dec 1.

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Farooqia Dental College and Hospital, Mysore, 570021 Karnataka.

Diagnosis of midline neck swellings may give a myriad of options, ranging from ranula, thyroglossal duct cyst, cystic hygroma, cystic lymphangioma, epidermoid, dermoid and teratoid cysts to benign or malignant neoplasms of the mucosa or salivary glands and also rare skin appendage tumours like pilomatricoma or pilomatrix carcinoma. Various pitfalls are encountered in diagnosing these midline swellings as most of the features are overlapping. Careful history and examination have to be complemented with other diagnostic aids such as conventional radiography, ultrasonography, aspiration cytology and computed tomography to arrive at a correct diagnosis. Read More

J Maxillofac Oral Surg 2016 Jul 12;15(Suppl 2):274-8. Epub 2015 Apr 12.

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Venizeleio-Pananeio General Hospital of Heraklion, Knossos Avenue, P.O. Box 44, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.

Lymphatic malformations-previously called lymphangiomas or cystic hygromas-are regarded as non-malignant primary disorders of the lymphatic system. They appear predominantly in infants and children, with 90 % of cases being diagnosed by the age of 2 years. Also, they constitute an infrequent entity, accounting for 5 % of all benign tumors in infants and children. Read More

J Craniofac Surg 2016 May;27(3):724-6

*Department of Pediatric Plastic Surgery, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus†Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH.

Extensive lymphangiomas of the facial skeleton result in deforming forces leading to ongoing masticatory, speech, oral hygiene, and airway problems. This paper presents a small series of patients with severe mandibular overgrowth secondary to lymphatic malformations. Following debulking of the malformations and tongue reductions, the authors describe the results of their treatment with bilateral mandibular body resections and setback. Read More

Case Rep Pediatr 2016 16;2016:7930945. Epub 2016 Mar 16.

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Gloucestershire Royal Hospital, Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Great Western Road, Gloucester GL50 3DU, UK.

Up to 75% of lymphatic malformations occur in the head and neck region. Of these, cystic hygromas and lymphangiomas have been widely reported; however they rarely occur in the same patient. We report the case of a 5-year-old girl who presented to the Department of Paediatrics of a district general hospital with a short history of recurrent, painful swelling of the anterior one-third of her tongue. Read More

Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2016 12 8;54(10):1144-1145. Epub 2016 Apr 8.

Chief Resident, Pathology department, BDF Hospital, Kingdom of Bahrain.

Pediatr Dermatol 2016 May 4;33(3):e208-9. Epub 2016 Apr 4.

Department of Dermatology, Tokat Zile State Hospital, Tokat, Turkey.

Lymphangioma circumscriptum (LC) is a superficial form of lymphatic malformation that can be difficult to treat. Therapeutic approaches to LC such as laser therapy, sclerotherapy, and surgical excision give varying results. This is the first description of a case of LC successfully treated with oral isotretinoin. Read More

J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2015 Sep-Dec;19(3):393-5

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Vasantdada Patil Dental College and Hospital, Sangli, Maharashtra, India.

Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2016 Apr 27;83:37-40. Epub 2016 Jan 27.

Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Necker Children's Hospital, 149, rue de Sèvres, 75015 Paris, France.

Lymphatic malformations are benign malformations frequently occurring in the head and neck. Retropharyngeal location is rare, can be life threating and its management is particularly challenging. Over a three-year period, three patients presented with symptomatic (dyspnea and/or dysphagia) retropharyngeal lymphatic malformation. Read More

Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2016 24;45(5):20150362. Epub 2016 Mar 24.

2 Department of Oral Surgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan.

Objectives: To demonstrate the usefulness of intraoral ultrasonography (IOUS) for tongue mass lesions, we analyzed surgery cases excluding squamous-cell carcinoma and leukoplakia and compared IOUS and pathological findings.

Methods: We used the hospital information system and Radiology Information System to evaluate the IOUS and pathological findings of patients who underwent surgeries for tongue masses in the past 11 years.

Results: Surgeries for the tongues were performed in 268 cases. Read More

Stomatologija 2015 ;17(2):67-72

Department of cytopathology, Regional Hospital of Chania, Crete, Greece.

Background: Lesions of the tongue have a broad differential diagnosis ranging from benign idiopathic processes to infections, cancers, and infiltrative disorders. An important thing to remember is that most tongue lesions will resolve spontaneously or with simple therapy within a week, if not, they should be biopsied or evaluated further for a definitive diagnosis of a potentially serious disorder. Some tongue lesions may be clues to other underlying illnesses which require further evaluation Tongue lesions are traditionally evaluated by surgical biopsy. Read More