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J Coll Physicians Surg Pak 2019 Sep;29(9):888-890

Department of Dermatology, Pak Emirates Military Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.

Acanthosis nigricans is a skin disease characterised by symmetric velvety hyperpigmented, verrucous plaques of the intertriginous surfaces of the axilla, neck, inframammary, and mucocutaneous regions. Malignant acanthosis nigricans is a paraneoplastic phenomenon most commonly associated with gastric adenocarcinoma. Tripe palms, florid cutaneous papillomatosis and oral involvement along with generalised acanthosis nigricans are the features which are highly suggestive of internal malignancy. Read More

Am J Dermatopathol 2019 Aug;41(8):617-619

Department of Dermatology, Rambam Health Care Campus and The Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel.

Ann Dermatol Venereol 2017 Feb 6;144(2):100-108. Epub 2016 Dec 6.

Service de pathologie, hôpital Saint-Louis, 1, avenue Claude-Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France.

Squamous cell carcinomas of the oral cavity and lips consistently have a high incidence (they constitute the fifth most common form of cancer in France) and carry a heavy prognosis, particularly if diagnosed late. According to different studies, between 10 and 80% of such carcinomas occur in a pre-existing or precancerous lesion. The World Health Organisation (WHO) recommends the use of two terms for such lesions: precursor lesions, i. Read More

Curr Health Sci J 2016 Jan-Mar;42(1):102-110. Epub 2016 Mar 29.

Pathology Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova.

Verrucous carcinoma (VC) is a rare well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma with the clinical forms: oral florid papillomatosis, epithelioma cuniculatum, papilomatosis cutis and Buschke-Löwenstein tumor. We present four patients and the four clinical forms of CV. The diagnosis we held after clinical examination and histopathological examination of the balance sheet expansion. Read More

Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2015 Feb 16;33(2):135-6. Epub 2014 Jul 16.

Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario Carlos Haya, Málaga, España.

Rev Clin Esp 2012 Dec 22;212(11):e93. Epub 2012 Oct 22.

Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, España.

J Drugs Dermatol 2010 Sep;9(9):1151-3

Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.

Malignant acanthosis nigricans (MAN) with oral florid papillomatosis is a rare paraneoplastic condition affecting the skin and mucocutaneous tissues associated with an underlying malignancy. It is characterized by proliferation of keratinocytes resulting in papillomatous change and hyperpigmentation of the skin and multiple confluent warty or verrucous lesions of the oral mucous membranes. The oral involvement can interfere with the patient's ability to eat and drink. Read More

Vet Pathol 2011 Mar 4;48(2):500-5. Epub 2010 Aug 4.

Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India.

Most papillomaviruses (PVs) are oncogenic. There are at least 100 different human PVs and 65 nonhuman vertebrate hosts, including wild rodents, which have species-specific PV infections. Florid papillomatosis arose in a colony of NMRI-Foxn1(nu)/Foxn1(nu) (nude) mice at the Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer in India. Read More

Photomed Laser Surg 2010 Dec 1;28(6):831-3. Epub 2010 Aug 1.

Department of Dermatology, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.

Objectives: To evaluate the safety and effect of systemic administration of photosensitizer Photocarcinorin (PsD-007) in the treatment of oral florid papillomatosis (OFP).

Background: OFP is a rare and refractory disease characterized by multiple papillomatous lesions. The outcomes of many methods for OFP are not satisfactory. Read More

J Clin Pathol 2010 Apr;63(4):362-4

Division of Pathology, Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Sciences, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Saitama 350-0283, Japan.

Sialadenoma papilliferum (SP) is a benign non-invasive lesion with slow and limited growth. This report describes an unusual SP that enlarged rapidly and presented as an extensive intraoral tumour highly suspicious for verrucous carcinoma. Radiographic resorption of the underlying bone was evident in the mandible. Read More

J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2008 Jun;6(6):505-6

Hautklinik, Klinikum Kassel GmbH, Kassel.

Int J Dermatol 2003 Sep;42(9):733-5

Department of Dermatology, Ankara University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey.

Human papilloma virus (HPV) infections of the oral mucosa presents with various clinical and histopathologic features in relation with the causative HPV type and chronicity and the extent of the infection.1 The entity is known by several names based on histopathologic variations such as focal epithelial hyperplasia, oral florid papillomatosis, verrucous hyperplasia, oral florid verrucosis, and Ackerman's tumor. In recent years, the term multifocal papillomavirus epithelial hyperplasia (MPVEH) has been proposed to define the variant that usually occurs in childhood and is characterized by diffuse confluent papillomatous lesions in the oral mucosa. Read More

J Comp Pathol 2003 Aug-Oct;129(2-3):93-9

Department of Veterinary Pathology, Glasgow University Veterinary School, Scotland.

Extensive papillomatosis was identified in a heifer born and raised in Scotland and a steer born and raised in England. In both cases, the papillomas extended from the mouth and tongue to the reticulum. Although cases of florid papillomatosis of the upper gastrointestinal tract occur relatively frequently in cattle grazing on bracken fern in the Scottish Highlands, no such cases have been reported previously in English cattle. Read More

Med Microbiol Immunol 2003 Aug 29;192(3):161-4. Epub 2003 Apr 29.

Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rostock, Augustenstrasse 80-84, 18055 Rostock, Germany.

We report a case of a 61-year-old woman suffering from florid oral papillomatosis with a squamous-cell cancer of the floor of the mouth, which was removed by scalpel surgery combined with a radical neck dissection in 1996. Between 1996 and 2000 several histologically benign papillomatous lesions of mouth and lips were removed with laser and electrosurgery. However, the lesions recurred. Read More

Virus Res 2002 Nov;89(2):249-61

Department of Veterinary Pathology, Institute of Comparative Medicine, Glasgow University, UK.

Tumorigenesis due to papillomavirus (PV) infection was first demonstrated in rabbits and cattle early last century. Despite the evidence obtained in animals, the role of viruses in human cancer was dismissed as irrelevant. It took a paradigm shift in the late 1970s for some viruses to be recognised as 'tumour viruses' in humans, and in 1995, more than 60 years after Rous's first demonstration of CRPV oncogenicity, WHO officially declared that 'HPV-16 and HPV-18 are carcinogenic to humans'. Read More

J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2000 May;14(3):205-8

Istituto di Dermatologia, Università di Roma La Sapienza, Italy.

This is the report of an 80-year-old patient with diffuse brownish hyperpigmentation and velvety thickening of the skin with onset 1 year before. Warty lesions on his limbs were present as well as papillomatous and verrucous lesions on his lips, mouth and eyelid conjunctivae with hyperkeratosis of the nipples. Biopsies, performed at different sites, showed histological pictures consistent with a diagnosis of acanthosis nigricans (AN) with florid cutaneous and mucosal papillomatosis. Read More

J Am Acad Dermatol 2000 Feb;42(2 Pt 2):357-62

Department of Dermatology, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom.

The association of acanthosis nigricans (AN) with the sign of Leser-Trélat (LT) and gastric carcinoma is rare. Our patient was a 69-year-old man, who presented with hematemesis; a stage-IV poorly differentiated, diffuse-type, adenocarcinoma of the gastric antrum was diagnosed. The AN was striking, with florid cutaneous papillomatosis that also involved the mucous membranes of the mouth and eyelids, and keratoderma. Read More

Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 1996 Apr;81(4):445-9

Division of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada.

Acanthosis nigricans is a distinctive skin disease of importance, because it has served as an external marker for a variety of systemic disorders including endocrinopathies, and malignant tumors of internal organs. It typically appears as hyperpigmented, roughened plaques of velvety consistency and infrequently as verruca-like papillations. The oral cavity and lips can be affected by florid papillary growths. Read More

Ann Dermatol Venereol 1995 ;122(6-7):399-403

Service de Dermatologie, CHRU Dijon.

Introduction: The nosology of verrucous carcinomas is a complicated problem. The name given to each manifestation may vary with localization. We report our findings in four cases with this skin disease. Read More

J Am Acad Dermatol 1995 Jan;32(1):1-21; quiz 22-4

New Jersey Medical School, Newark 07103-2714.

The concept of verrucous carcinoma as a clinicopathologic variant of squamous cell carcinoma is worthy of recognition. It is known by a confusing array of names, such as Ackerman's tumor, Buschke-Loewenstein tumor, florid oral papillomatosis, epithelioma cuniculatum, carcinoma cuniculatum, and cutis papillomatosis carcinoides of Gottron. Its apparent clinical benignity may lead to lengthy periods of misdiagnosis, during which it is likely not to spread to distant lymph nodes, but rather to destroy a nose, mandible, or penis as it slowly but relentlessly extends into underlying tissue. Read More

Dermatology 1995 ;190(2):142-4

Department of Dermatology, CHRU Dupuytren, Limoges, France.

Background: Verrucous carcinoma is an uncommon neoplasm whose medical treatment is not well defined.

Objective: We report the clinical effects of recombinant alpha-interferon (IFN) with varying dispensing routes on the tumor size in 3 patients exhibiting three different subtypes of verrucous carcinoma.

Observations: In case 1, an oral florid papillomatosis of the upper gingiva, a stabilization of the lesion size was observed after the administration of a cumulative dose of 45 million IU of IFN alfa-2b. Read More

J Dermatol 1994 Dec;21(12):974-8

Department of Dermatology, University of Ehime School of Medicine, Japan.

A 37-year-old male presented with a cauliflower-like tumor in the right buccal mucosa, leukoplakia of the tongue and esophagus, and keratotic papules or plaques on the extremities including bilateral palms and soles, associated with borderline diabetes mellitus and a repeated history of infections. A multi-system keratinizing abnormality was suspected, although no distinct disease category has been found showing similar involvements. Read More

South Med J 1993 Jun;86(6):691-3

Head and Neck Surgical Group, Jackson, MS 39216.

Florid oral papillomatosis presents a picture of multiple squamous papillary lesions found in the oral pharynx. Multiple risk factors associated with the development of these lesions include possible association with papilloma virus, the use of tobacco products, and chronic inflammation or irritation such as that caused by poorly fitted dentures. The major risk factor of these benign squamous lesions is the dedifferentiation into a well-differentiated verrucous carcinoma. Read More

Eur J Cancer B Oral Oncol 1993 Jan;29B(1):81-2

Centre Jean Perrin, Clermont-Ferrand, France.

A case of oral florid papillomatosis involving the superior and inferior alveolar ridges, the palate and the tongue in a young woman is presented. Histological examination showed papillary hyperplasia with marked acanthosis. The basement membrane remained intact. Read More

Hautarzt 1990 Jun;41(6):314-6

Universitäts-Hautklinik Würzburg.

Oral fluoride papillomatosis is a pseudocarcinoma of the mucous membranes, which often creates diagnostic and therapeutic problems. This paper reports oral flouoride papillomatosis in one patient, in whom the tumor mass could preoperatively be reduced by etretinate therapy (200 mg/day). Read More

Rev Laryngol Otol Rhinol (Bord) 1989 ;110(3):303-4

C.H.U. Pellegrin Tripode, Service O.R.L., Bordeaux.

Oral florid papillomatosis is a rare, so-called pre-neoplastic non-obligatory complaint. The authors, on the basis of two cases, attempt to define the concept of malignity associated with this complaint and the resulting surgical principles. Read More

Rev Stomatol Chir Maxillofac 1988 ;89(5):255-65

Service Central d'Anatomie Pathologique, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris.

The terminology used for white lesions of the oral cavity requires careful definition: the term keratosis is general, covering all lesions which by histological examination show evidence of keratin on the surface, regardless of other detectable lesions; the term leukoplasia is more restrictive, indicating (according to the WHO) white lesions not falling within the context of a known disease = lichen, lupus erythematosus, florid oral papillomatosis, chronic candidiasis, etc. This review chose the diagnostic difficulties of different varieties (planus, warty, erosive) of leukoplasia. In our experience the ambiguity of keratosis may be due to inadequate data from clinical examination and/or histological examination, to the combined existence in a given patient and at the same time of two white lesions of different nature, or to the successive existence at the same place of two lesions with a different clinical and/or histological diagnosis (raising the problem of transformation). Read More

Gan No Rinsho 1985 May;31(5):563-8

A 49-year-old man developing numerous papillary or partly cauliflower-like tumors over the lips, oral angles, gingiva and tongue starting 15 years earlier and associated with multiple gastroduodenal polyps of various sizes revealed by X-ray examination is presented. Histologically, the oral lesions consisted of marked proliferation of mature squamous cells without appreciable cellular atypism or submucosal invasion. Electron microscopic study failed to detect any virus-like particles, and negative reaction was obtained in immunohistological study for papilloma virus. Read More

Med Cutan Ibero Lat Am 1985 ;13(1):43-64

Tex Dent J 1985 Jan;102(1):14-5

Ann Pathol 1984 Jun-Aug;4(3):223-9

A case of Epithelioma cuniculatum arising on a leg ulcer in a 85 years old lady is described. 102 cases have been reported before, mainly located on the sole of the foot: this rare tumor may be recognized by the gross appearance of a slow-growing exophytic cauliflower growth, exuding foul smelling material from numerous sinuses, which eventually invades underlying tissue sometimes including bone, and which rarely metastasizes to the regional lymph nodes. Histological examination shows a well-differentiated squamous epithelial proliferation without cellular atypia, with numerous crypts and sinuses. Read More

An R Acad Nac Med (Madr) 1984 ;101(2):239-58

J Dermatol Surg Oncol 1984 Jan;10(1):64-6

Oral florid papillomatosis is an uncommon condition that has been treated with various forms of therapy in the past. This lesion is considered to be premalignant by most authors, and surgical therapy has ranged from local excision to radical resection. A case of oral florid papillomatosis involving the entire hard palate and extending over the superior alveolar ridge into the buccal-gingival sulcus is presented. Read More

Cutis 1983 Aug;32(2):161-2

Seborrheic keratosis (Leser-Trélat sign) and extensive florid papillomatosis of the skin and the mucous membranes of the nose, mouth, throat, and external genitalia were associated with adenocarcinoma of the breast in a 61-year-old woman. Read More

Z Hautkr 1983 May;58(10):733-41

We report on a case of oral florid papillomatosis treated with intrafocal injections of bleomycine. According to recent clinical experiences in treating oral florid papillomatosis only the administration of cytostatic agents, especially bleomycine, seems to be successful. Read More

J Maxillofac Surg 1983 Feb;11(1):13-9

27 patients with verrucous lesions of the oral mucosa were studied with reference to the validity of a separation of the entity verrucous hyperplasia from verrucous carcinoma, based on an exophytic or an endophytic growth pattern of the hyperplastic epithelium. The occurrence of other mucosal lesions in these patients was also recorded. It is concluded that verrucous hyperplasia probably represents a morphological variant of verrucous carcinoma. Read More

Rev Stomatol Chir Maxillofac 1983 ;84(6):363-7

Florid oral papillomatosis is a well defined, not exceptionally observed clinical entity of unknown pathogenesis. The exuberant lesions are characterized by their benign appearance on histology, but this is usually associated with a marked capacity for progression and recurrence and a tendency for epitheliomatous degeneration. Based on a review of cases in the published literature and a series of ten patients treated personally, it would appear that radiation therapy should be formally excluded, and that the treatment of choice is by wide excision associated, whenever possible, with reconstructive surgery. Read More

Med Cutan Ibero Lat Am 1983 ;11(5):297-302

Sixty-six cases of P.F. of the mouth cavity have been studied. Read More

Bull Tokyo Med Dent Univ 1982 Dec;29(4):77-91

Sixty-eight cases of benign papillary squamous tumors of the mouth were reviewed to elucidate further their histopathologic variations, as well as to clarify the premalignant nature of these tumors. The cases were classified into five varieties: idiopathic pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia (2 cases), papilloma (55 cases), oral florid papilloma (7 cases), inverted papilloma (3 cases) and recurring oral papillomatosis (1 case). The series included very rare cases, to our knowledge, undescribed in the literature. Read More

Clin Obstet Gynecol 1982 Jun;25(2):365-71

Czas Stomatol 1981 Apr;34(4):441-5

Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci 1980 Dec;5(6):365-71

Oral florid papillomatosis is a rare syndrome, which was first described under this name by Rock & Fisher in 1960. The same syndrome had been previously described as papillomatosis mucosae oris carcinoides by Scheicher-Gottron (1958). It is a benign condition, capable of malignant degeneration. Read More

Int J Dermatol 1979 Oct;18(8):608-22

1. Florid Papillomatosis (FP) seems to be another form of verrucous carcinoma. 2. Read More

Z Hautkr 1978 Nov;53(22):781-6

Hautarzt 1978 Aug;29(8):425-9

Based on the recent clinical experience in treating florid oral papillomatosis (FOP), the only successful therapy appears to be the use of cytostatic agents. The case report of a patient with clinically and histologically confirmed FOP is described to emphasize the advantages of administering Bleomycin intra-arterially (external carotid artery) by means of a Holter catheter. This catheter is used to release pressure in the treatment of internal hydrocephalus and is designed to remain in place for a number of years. Read More

Arch Dermatol 1978 Jul;114(7):1083-4

Acta Odontol Venez 1978 Jan-Apr;16(1):21-38

Hautarzt 1977 Jan;28(1):18-22

Three patients in whom the diagnosis of oral florid papillomatosis or speckled leukoplakia was made are reported. All three patients were elderly men, who had been heavy smokers for years. In two of the treated patients the disease recurred. Read More

An Esp Odontoestomatol 1976 Mar-Apr;35(2):91-6

Med Cutan Ibero Lat Am 1976 ;4(5):305-20

Papilomatosis Carcinoides, presents clinical and histological characteristics that may be authentically described as a transition state between the benign papillomatous proliferations and spindle cell carcinoma. It involves a series of clinical conditions, that are described with different names that correspond to the condyloma accuminatum gigantum. [Buschke and Lowenstein) wartic carcinoma [Ackerman], Papillomatosis oral florid [Rock and Fisher], carcinomatoid [Gilbert] profuse conjuntival papillomatosis [Bazex], etc. Read More