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Acta Neuropathol Commun 2022 Jun 15;10(1):87. Epub 2022 Jun 15.

Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, and Case Western Reserve University, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.

Thalamic volume is associated with clinical disability in multiple sclerosis (MS) and is vulnerable to secondary neurodegeneration due to its extensive connectivity throughout the central nervous system (CNS). Using a model of autoimmune demyelination that exhibits CNS-infiltrating immune cells in both spinal cord white matter and optic nerve, we sought to evaluate neurodegenerative changes due to lesions affecting the spino- and retino-thalamic pathways. We found comparable axonal loss in spinal cord white matter and optic nerve during the acute phase of disease consistent with synaptic loss, but not neuronal cell body loss in the thalamic nuclei that receive input from these discrete pathways. Read More

Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2022 Mar-Apr;25(2):239-245. Epub 2022 Feb 9.

Department of and Neurology, Army Hospital Research and Referral, Delhi Cantt, New Delhi, India.

Objectives: Study was conducted with aim of comparing subtypes types of NMOSD based on serology.

Methods: In this retrospective study, patients ≥18 years were included satisfying IPND 2015 criteria. Three groups were created based on seropositivity for AQP4 antibody, MOG antibody or double seronegative. Read More

J Clin Med 2022 May 31;11(11). Epub 2022 May 31.

Center of Eye Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway.

We aimed to determine whether retinal vessel diameters and retinal oxygen saturation in newly diagnosed patients with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) are different from those of a healthy population. Retinal blood vessel diameters were measured using imaging with a spectrophotometric non-invasive retinal oximeter. Twenty-three newly diagnosed untreated relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) patients (mean age: 32. Read More

Front Immunol 2022 19;13:864664. Epub 2022 May 19.

Department of Neurology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is an autoimmune-mediated idiopathic inflammatory demyelinating disease with a typical clinical presentation of optic neuritis, acute myelitis, and area postrema syndrome. Most NMOSD patients are seropositive for disease-specific and pathogenic aquaporin-4 (AQP4) antibodies, which are key markers for the NMOSD diagnosis. Herein, we report an atypical case of a 41-year-old man who complained of intractable hiccups and vomiting at disease onset, followed by fever, headache, back pain, progressive paresthesia, and weakness of extremities later on. Read More

Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 2022 Sep 18;27:101589. Epub 2022 May 18.

Division of Ophthalmology, Shinseikai Toyama Hospital, Imizu, Toyama, Japan.

Purpose: To report a case of bilateral ocular paraneoplastic syndrome by seminoma/germinoma in thymus and pineal glands, two primary lesions.

Observations: A 18-year-old male presented at a local clinic complaining of just floaters in left eye without any other clinical signs and symptoms. The treating ophthalmologist found bilateral uveitis, and referred to our hospital. Read More

Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 2022 Sep 25;27:101592. Epub 2022 May 25.

Department of Ophthalmology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.

Purpose: We report the first case of neuroretinitis after administration of a second dose of a messenger RNA vaccine for coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19).

Observations: An 83-year-old healthy woman presented with subacute, painless, and progressive visual loss in the right eye that started 2 days after the second injection of the COVID-19 vaccine (Comirnaty®) from Pfizer (New York, NY, USA) and BioNTech (Mainz, Germany). Visual acuities were hand motion perception in the right eye and 20/30 in the left eye. Read More

Sci Rep 2022 May 31;12(1):9091. Epub 2022 May 31.

Department of Ophthalmology, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama, 701-0192, Japan.

Electroretinography (ERG) is used to evaluate the physiological status of the retina and optic nerve. The purpose of this study was to determine the usefulness of ERGs recorded with the RETeval system in diagnosing optic nerve diseases. Forty-eight patients with optic nerve disorders, including optic neuritis, ischemic optic neuropathy, traumatic optic neuropathy, and dominant optic atrophy, and 36 normal control subjects were studied. Read More

Neurologia (Engl Ed) 2022 May 28. Epub 2022 May 28.

Servicio de Neurología, Fundación Cardioinfantil-Instituto de Cardiología, Bogotá, Colombia; Universidad del Rosario, Grupo Neuros, Bogotá, Colombia; Hospital Universitario Mayor, Mederi, Bogotá, Colombia.

Introduction: Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system characterised by attacks of optic neuritis and longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis. The discovery of anti-aquaporin-4 (anti-AQP4) antibodies and specific brain MRI findings as diagnostic biomarkers have enabled the recognition of a broader and more detailed clinical phenotype, known as neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD).

Objective: This study aimed to determine the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with NMO/NMOSD with and without seropositivity for anti-AQP4 antibodies, in 2 quaternary-level hospitals in Bogotá. Read More

J Integr Neurosci 2022 Apr;21(3):81

Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, 510080 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.

Background: Anti-GQ1b antibody syndrome referred to a clinical spectrum characterized by acute onset of ataxia, ophthalmoplegia and areflexia, while visual deterioration was rarely reported in terms of ocular disorders. This study aimed to describe the clinical characteristics of anti-GQ1b antibody syndrome with visual impairment.

Methods: The database at the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University was searched from 2014 to 2020. Read More

Eur J Neurol 2022 May 26. Epub 2022 May 26.

Department of Neuro-Ophthalmology, Adolphe de Rothschild Foundation Hospital, Paris, France.

Background And Purpose: This study was undertaken to determine the role of optical coherence tomography (OCT) in predicting the final visual and structural outcome, and to evaluate the correlation between functional eye outcome and retinal changes, in patients with a first episode of optic neuritis (ON).

Methods: In this prospective study, consecutive adult patients with acute ON underwent ophthalmological evaluation at baseline and at 1 and 12 months, including OCT measurements of peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL), macular ganglion cell and inner plexiform layer, and inner nuclear layer thicknesses; high- and low-contrast visual acuity; visual field assessment; and baseline brain magnetic resonance imaging. Univariate and multivariate linear regressions were used to assess predictive factors of outcome. Read More

Front Pain Res (Lausanne) 2022 9;3:870211. Epub 2022 May 9.

Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate pain and radiological features of different types of first-episode demyelinating optic neuritis (ON).

Methods: Eighty-three patients presenting with first-episode aquaporin-4 (AQP4) antibody-associated ON (AQP4-ON; = 28), myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody-associated ON (MOG-ON; = 26) and idiopathic demyelinating optic neuritis (IDON, = 29) were included in this retrospective case-control study. We assessed optic nerve lesions on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), acute pain associated with onset of optic neuritis and clinical characteristics of those ON patients with different serum autoantibody status. Read More

Nervenarzt 2022 Jun 25;93(6):629-642. Epub 2022 May 25.

Universitäts-Augenklinik, Department für Augenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Straße 7, 72076, Tübingen, Deutschland.

There are many disease patterns that are treated jointly by neurologists and ophthalmologists, for which optical coherence tomography (OCT) is of important differential diagnostic significance. In this context neurologists are mainly confronted by two patient collectives: patients with an acute ischemic event, who present with an acute but painless monocular visual deterioration (for central retinal artery occlusion) or with a monocular visual field defect (for arterial branch occlusion or anterior ischemic optic neuropathy). The second collective is patients without ophthalmological symptoms but with conspicuous optic nerve findings (papilledema or optic disc drusen). Read More

Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm 2022 Jul 23;9(4). Epub 2022 May 23.

From the Multiple Sclerosis Centre (M. Pengo, S.M., S.F., M.S., M.M., P.G., M. Puthenparampil), Neurology Clinic, Department of Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Padova; Department of Health Sciences (M. Ponzano, F.B., M.P.S.), Section of Biostatistics, University of Genova; Ophthalmology Clinic (T.T., E.P., E.M.), Department of Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Padova, Italy; Fellow of the European Board of Ophthalmology (T.T., E.P., E.M.), London, United Kingdom; Multiple Sclerosis Centre (F.R., P.P.), Neurology Clinic, Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova; and Department of Information Engineering (DEI) (A.B.), University of Padova, Italy.

Background And Objectives: Microglia, the resident immune cell of the brain and retina, is widespread activated in the white and gray matter (GM) in multiple sclerosis (MS). The objective of this study is to evaluate the presence and number of hyperreflecting foci (HRF), considered clusters of activated and proliferating retinal microglia, and their association with clinical and radiologic disease parameters in relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS).

Methods: At baseline, 80 patients with RRMS underwent optical coherence tomography (OCT) and 3T-MRI (including 3-dimensional T1, fluid-attenuated inversion recovery, and double inversion recovery sequences), closed to their disease onset (6. Read More

Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2022 Jun 15;78:103757. Epub 2022 May 15.

Department of Medicine, Shree Birendra Hospital, Chaunni, Kathmandu, Nepal.

Introduction: Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO; Devic syndrome,1894) is a CNS demyelinating syndrome. Significant proportion of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder is associated with Anti AQ4 Ab. The revised diagnostic criteria for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (2015) has been proposed on the basis of Anti AQ4 Ab status. Read More

J Clin Neurol 2022 May;18(3):334-342

Eye Clinic, Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.

Background And Purpose: To identify changes in the choroidal thickness (CT) in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients with and without optic neuritis (ON) using enhanced-depth-imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT).

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 96 eyes with MS and 28 eyes of healthy controls. All participants underwent an ophthalmologic examination and EDI-OCT scanning (Spectralis, Heidelberg Engineering, Germany) to assess the CT and the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness. Read More

J Pediatr 2022 May 14. Epub 2022 May 14.

Pediatric Neurology Department, Necker-Enfants malades Hospital, APHP, University of Paris-Cité, Paris, France.

Objective: To describe neurologic, radiologic and laboratory features in children with central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory disease complicating severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection.

Study Design: We focused on CNS inflammatory diseases in children referred from 12 hospitals in the Paris area to Necker-Sick Children Reference Centre.

Results: We identified 19 children who had a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection and manifest a variety of CNS inflammatory diseases: encephalopathy, cerebellar ataxia, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, or optic neuritis. Read More

Front Neurol 2022 25;13:872684. Epub 2022 Apr 25.

Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.

Background And Objectives: To describe a new case of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) induced by the administration of interferon-alpha (IFNα) and to raise awareness of this rare drug-induced disease of IFNα treatment.

Methods: A single case study and comprehensive literature review of eight cases.

Results: A 24-year-old man was diagnosed with cerebral venous thrombosis and essential thrombocythemia. Read More

Case Rep Neurol 2022 Jan-Apr;14(1):167-172. Epub 2022 Mar 24.

Department of Neurology, Tribhuvan University Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal.

Neurotoxin-related optic neuritis (ON) after snake bite is uncommon. Here, we present a case of a 70-year-old female who developed bilateral painless loss of vision after she received treatment with anti-snake venom (ASV). She had only perception of light on assessment of visual acuity on admission which then improved drastically after administration of intravenous methylprednisolone (MP) after making the provisional diagnosis of ON on the basis of history and clinical findings of the patient. Read More

Front Immunol 2022 22;13:799454. Epub 2022 Apr 22.

Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.

Objectives: This study reported a case of overlapping anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) inflammatory demyelinating disease with human herpesviruses 7 (HHV-7) infection.

Methods: The detailed clinical characteristics, neuroimaging features, and outcomes of the patient were collected. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), cell-based assay (CBA) and the tissue-based indirect immunofluorescence assay (TBA) were used for diagnosis. Read More

Eur J Med Res 2022 May 9;27(1):66. Epub 2022 May 9.

Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, 325027, China.

Background: Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis can coexist with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). Patients with overlapping anti-NMDAR encephalitis with positive NMDAR antibodies and aquaporin 4 immunoglobulin G (AQP4-IgG)-seropositive NMOSD are rare but should not be ignored.

Case Presentation: This report describes a unique case of anti-NMDAR encephalitis coexisting with NMOSD. Read More

J AAPOS 2022 May 4. Epub 2022 May 4.

Department of Neurology, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth WA Australia; The University of Western Australia.

We present a case of bilateral myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody optic neuritis (MOG-ON) with unilateral vitreous hemorrhage in a 6-year-old boy. Multidisciplinary team care, including extensive investigations and prolonged follow-up, excluded alternative causes of vitreous hemorrhage. Early suspicion and diagnosis of MOG-ON led to timely intravenous methylprednisolone treatment, with protracted oral steroid taper, resulting in complete resolution of optic nerve swelling, vitreous hemorrhage, and visual function. Read More

Can J Ophthalmol 2022 May 4. Epub 2022 May 4.

From the Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa. Electronic address:

Objective: To evaluate the accuracy of the initial diagnosis in the case of fungal infections of the orbit and identify factors that may influence patient outcomes.

Methods: An institutional review board-approved retrospective chart review was conducted across 2 large academic centres to identify cases of fungal infections involving the orbit from January 1, 1998, to November 15, 2019. Data collected included patient demographics, past medical history, examination findings, diagnosis, treatment, imaging, and outcomes. Read More

J Clin Neurosci 2022 Jul 4;101:32-36. Epub 2022 May 4.

NYU MS Comprehensive Care Center, Department of Neurology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.

There is an unmet need to develop practical methods for differentiating multiple sclerosis (MS) from other neuroinflammatory disorders using standard brain MRI. To develop a practical approach for differentiating MS from neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and MOG antibody-associated disorder (MOGAD) with brain MRI, we first identified lesion locations in the brain that are suggestive of MS-associated demyelination ("MS Lesion Checklist") and compared frequencies of brain lesions in the "MS Lesion Checklist" locations in a development sample of patients (n = 82) with clinically definite MS, NMOSD, and MOGAD. Patients with MS were more likely than patients with non-MS to have lesions in 3 locations only: anterior temporal horn (p < 0. Read More

Cureus 2022 Apr 3;14(4):e23782. Epub 2022 Apr 3.

Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Neuromusculoskeletal Institute at Rowan University, Stratford, USA.

is a slow-growing acid-fast bacilli mycobacterium with low pathogenic potential. Patients with this infection are treated with antimycobacterial agents such as ethambutol, clarithromycin, and rifampin. We present a rare side effect of ethambutol causing peripheral neuropathy, along with regression of this upon discontinuation of the inciting medication. Read More

Cureus 2022 Mar 30;14(3):e23641. Epub 2022 Mar 30.

Internal Medicine, Jersey Shore University Medical Center, Neptune City, USA.

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is defined as a rare central nervous system, demyelinating, autoimmune disorder with autoantibodies against aquaporin-4. Commonly affecting females, NMOSD is known to also be a relapsing disease and can increase in severity during each episode. Diagnostic criteria include ruling out multiple sclerosis, spinal magnetic resonance imaging, and autoantibody detection. Read More

Cureus 2022 Mar 28;14(3):e23571. Epub 2022 Mar 28.

Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia School of Medical Sciences, Kelantan, MYS.

Introduction Optic neuritis (ON) is a blinding inflammatory disease of the optic nerve, typically affecting young adults as described in the Optic Neuritis Treatment Trial (ONTT). However, there is limited information describing ON in patients older than 45 years of age. The aim of this study was to determine the clinical profile of ON in this age group in Malaysia. Read More

Am J Case Rep 2022 May 1;23:e936283. Epub 2022 May 1.

Division of Academic Affairs and Research, Orlando Regional Healthcare, Orlando, FL, USA.

BACKGROUND Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is a rare neurological disease characterized by attacks of transverse myelitis and optic neuritis, contiguous spinal cord lesions on more than 3 vertebral segments on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and seropositivity for AQP-4 Ab. The tissue destruction from NMO is immune mediated and results in demyelination and axonal damage. Optic and spinal nerve involvement can eventually lead to blindness, weakness, and altered consciousness, and bladder and bowel involvement in some cases. Read More

J Neurol Sci 2022 Jun 16;437:120262. Epub 2022 Apr 16.

Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America. Electronic address:

Objective: To investigate the clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics of patients with varicella zoster virus (VZV) reactivation involving the cranial nerves and central nervous system (CNS).

Methods: This is a retrospective, multi-center case-series of 37 patients with VZV infection affecting the cranial nerves and CNS.

Results: The median age was 71 years [IQR 51. Read More

J Neurol Sci 2022 Jun 22;437:120269. Epub 2022 Apr 22.

Department of Neurology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan.

Background: Retinal atrophy in the chronic phase of optic neuritis (ON) in anti-aquaporin-4 antibody (AQP4-Ab)-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) remains unclear.

Methods: Patients with these diseases were repeatedly evaluated using optical coherence tomography (OCT) for the circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (cpRNFL) and macular ganglion cell complex (mGCC) in the ON-involved eyes during relapse-free period after the first ON episode before relapse. Optic MRI with short tau inversion recovery (STIR) sequences was further evaluated retrospectively. Read More

Clin Case Rep 2022 Apr 20;10(4):e05678. Epub 2022 Apr 20.

Department of General Medicine Saga University Hospital Saga Japan.

A 69-year-old man with left eye pain and visual impairment was diagnosed with syphilitic optic neuritis, who was successfully treated by penicillin. Although it is difficult to decide syphilis as the direct cause of optic neuritis, it is essential to diagnose syphilis in every patient with optic neuritis. Read More