Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm 2022 Jul 23;9(4). Epub 2022 May 23.
From the Multiple Sclerosis Centre (M. Pengo, S.M., S.F., M.S., M.M., P.G., M. Puthenparampil), Neurology Clinic, Department of Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Padova; Department of Health Sciences (M. Ponzano, F.B., M.P.S.), Section of Biostatistics, University of Genova; Ophthalmology Clinic (T.T., E.P., E.M.), Department of Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Padova, Italy; Fellow of the European Board of Ophthalmology (T.T., E.P., E.M.), London, United Kingdom; Multiple Sclerosis Centre (F.R., P.P.), Neurology Clinic, Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova; and Department of Information Engineering (DEI) (A.B.), University of Padova, Italy.
Background And Objectives: Microglia, the resident immune cell of the brain and retina, is widespread activated in the white and gray matter (GM) in multiple sclerosis (MS). The objective of this study is to evaluate the presence and number of hyperreflecting foci (HRF), considered clusters of activated and proliferating retinal microglia, and their association with clinical and radiologic disease parameters in relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS).
Methods: At baseline, 80 patients with RRMS underwent optical coherence tomography (OCT) and 3T-MRI (including 3-dimensional T1, fluid-attenuated inversion recovery, and double inversion recovery sequences), closed to their disease onset (6. Read More